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Zhang S, Liu Y, Javeed A, Jian C, Sun J, Wu S, Han B. Treatment of allergy: Overview of synthetic anti-allergy small molecules in medicinal chemistry. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 249:115151. [PMID: 36731273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of allergic diseases has been continuously increasing over the past few decades, affecting approximately 20-30% of the global population. Allergic reactions to infection of respiratory tract, digestive tract, and skin system involve multiple different targets. The main difficulty of anti-allergy research is how to develop drugs with good curative effect and less side effects by adopting new multi-targets and mechanisms according to the clinical characteristics of different allergic populations and different allergens. This review focuses on information concerning potential therapeutic targets as well as the synthetic anti-allergy small molecules with respect to their medicinal chemistry. The structure-activity relationship and the mechanism of compound-target interaction were highlighted with perspective to histamine-1/4 receptor antagonists, leukotriene biosynthesis, Th2 cytokines inhibitors, and calcium channel blockers. We hope that the study of chemical scaffold modification and optimization for different lead compounds summarized in this review not only lays the foundation for improvement of success rate and efficiency of virtual screening of antiallergic drugs, but also can provide valuable reference for the drug design of related promising research such as allergy, inflammation, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Laboratory of Antiallergy Functional Molecules, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Hangzhou Zheda Dixun Biological Gene Engineering Co., LTD., Hangzhou, China
| | - Ansar Javeed
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Laboratory of Antiallergy Functional Molecules, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Cuiqin Jian
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Laboratory of Antiallergy Functional Molecules, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jinlyu Sun
- Department of Allergy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergic Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Shandong Wu
- Hangzhou Zheda Dixun Biological Gene Engineering Co., LTD., Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingnan Han
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Laboratory of Antiallergy Functional Molecules, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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2
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Wang X, Shu S, Wang X, Luo R, Ming X, Wang T, Zhang Z. Access to Saturated Oxygen Heterocycles and Lactones via Electrochemical Sulfonylative Oxycyclization of Alkenes with Sulfonyl Hydrazides. J Org Chem 2023; 88:2505-2520. [PMID: 36751026 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
A facile electrochemical sulfonylative cycloetherification of linear unsaturated alcohols with sulfonyl hydrazides under mild conditions has been accomplished. This catalyst- and oxidant-free protocol proceeds via electro-oxidation, followed by radical addition, as well as an intramolecular oxygen nucleophilic process. This methodology is compatible with a broad substrate scope and good functional group compatibility, which provides a valuable and convenient synthetic tool for the synthesis of saturated five-, six-, seven-, and eight-membered ring oxygen heterocycles. Furthermore, sulfonylative cycloesterification of linear unsaturated acids toward the lactone products has also been established under this electrochemical system. In addition, control experiments indicated that the N-H bonds of the sulfonyl hydrazide molecule are non-essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
| | - Shubing Shu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
| | - Renshi Luo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, P. R. China
| | - Xiayi Ming
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
| | - Zhenming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
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3
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Kotlyarov S, Kotlyarova A. Molecular Pharmacology of Inflammation Resolution in Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094808. [PMID: 35563200 PMCID: PMC9104781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the most important problems of modern medicine as it is the leading cause of hospitalizations, disability, and mortality. The key role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis is the imbalance between the activation of inflammation in the vascular wall and the mechanisms of its control. The resolution of inflammation is the most important physiological mechanism that is impaired in atherosclerosis. The resolution of inflammation has complex, not fully known mechanisms, in which lipid mediators derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play an important role. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) represent a group of substances that carry out inflammation resolution and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. SPMs include lipoxins, resolvins, maresins, and protectins, which are formed from PUFAs and regulate many processes related to the active resolution of inflammation. Given the physiological importance of these substances, studies examining the possibility of pharmacological effects on inflammation resolution are of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Kotlyarova
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia;
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4
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Çapan İ, Jordan PM, Olğaç A, Çalışkan B, Kretzer C, Werz O, Banoglu E. Discovery and optimization of piperazine urea derivatives as soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200137. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- İrfan Çapan
- Gazi University: Gazi Universitesi Department of Material and Material Processing Technologies TURKEY
| | - Paul M. Jordan
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena: Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat Jena Medicinal Chemsitry GERMANY
| | | | - Burcu Çalışkan
- Gazi University: Gazi Universitesi Pharmaceutical Chemistry TURKEY
| | | | - Oliver Werz
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena: Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat Jena Medicinal Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Erden Banoglu
- Gazi Universitesi Eczacilik Fakultesi Pharmaceutical Chemistry Tac Sokak No 3 06580 Ankara TURKEY
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5
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Khan HA, Jabeen I. Combined Machine Learning and GRID-Independent Molecular Descriptor (GRIND) Models to Probe the Activity Profiles of 5-Lipoxygenase Activating Protein Inhibitors. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:825741. [PMID: 35300294 PMCID: PMC8921698 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.825741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukotrienes (LTs) are pro-inflammatory lipid mediators derived from arachidonic acid (AA), and their high production has been reported in multiple allergic, autoimmune, and cardiovascular disorders. The biological synthesis of leukotrienes is instigated by transfer of AA to 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) via the 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP). Suppression of FLAP can inhibit LT production at the earliest level, providing relief to patients requiring anti-leukotriene therapy. Over the last 3 decades, several FLAP modulators have been synthesized and pharmacologically tested, but none of them could be able to reach the market. Therefore, it is highly desirable to unveil the structural requirement of FLAP modulators. Here, in this study, supervised machine learning techniques and molecular modeling strategies are adapted to vaticinate the important 2D and 3D anti-inflammatory properties of structurally diverse FLAP inhibitors, respectively. For this purpose, multiple machine learning classification models have been developed to reveal the most relevant 2D features. Furthermore, to probe the 3D molecular basis of interaction of diverse anti-inflammatory compounds with FLAP, molecular docking studies were executed. By using the most probable binding poses from docking studies, the GRIND model was developed, which indicated the positive contribution of four hydrophobic, two hydrogen bond acceptor, and two shape-based features at certain distances from each other towards the inhibitory potency of FLAP modulators. Collectively, this study sheds light on important two-dimensional and three-dimensional structural requirements of FLAP modulators that can potentially guide the development of more potent chemotypes for the treatment of inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiza Aliza Khan
- Research Centre for Modelling and Simulation (RCMS), NUST Interdisciplinary Cluster for Higher Education (NICHE), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ishrat Jabeen
- Research Centre for Modelling and Simulation (RCMS), NUST Interdisciplinary Cluster for Higher Education (NICHE), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
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6
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Gürses T, Olğaç A, Garscha U, Gür Maz T, Bal NB, Uludağ O, Çalışkan B, Schubert US, Werz O, Banoglu E. Simple heteroaryl modifications in the 4,5-diarylisoxazol-3-carboxylic acid scaffold favorably modulates the activity as dual mPGES-1/5-LO inhibitors with in vivo efficacy. Bioorg Chem 2021; 112:104861. [PMID: 33826984 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 (mPGES-1), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) and 5- lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP) are key for biosynthesis of proinflammatory lipid mediators and pharmacologically relevant drug targets. In the present study, we made an attempt to explore the role of small heteroaromatic fragments on the 4,5-diarylisoxazol-3-carboxylic acid scaffold, which are selected to interact with focused regions in the active sites of mPGES-1, 5-LO and FLAP. We report that the simple structural variations on the benzyloxyaryl side-arm of the scaffold significantly influence the selectivity against mPGES-1, 5-LO and FLAP, enabling to produce multi-target inhibitors of these protein targets, exemplified by compound 18 (IC50 mPGES-1 = 0.16 µM; IC50 5-LO = 0.39 µM) with in vivo efficacy in animal model of inflammation. The computationally modeled binding structures of these new inhibitors for three targets provide clues for rational design of modified structures as multi-target inhibitors. In conclusion, the simple synthetic procedure, and the possibility of enhancing the potency of this class of inhibitors through structural modifications pave the way for further development of new multi-target inhibitors against mPGES-1, 5-LO and FLAP, with potential application as anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğba Gürses
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Yenimahalle, 06560 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Abdurrahman Olğaç
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Yenimahalle, 06560 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ulrike Garscha
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, D-7743 Jena, Germany
| | - Tuğçe Gür Maz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Yenimahalle, 06560 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nur Banu Bal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Yenimahalle, 06560 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Orhan Uludağ
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Yenimahalle, 06560 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burcu Çalışkan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Yenimahalle, 06560 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ulrich S Schubert
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany; Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, D-7743 Jena, Germany; Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Erden Banoglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Yenimahalle, 06560 Ankara, Turkey.
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7
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Joksimović N, Janković N, Davidović G, Bugarčić Z. 2,4-Diketo esters: Crucial intermediates for drug discovery. Bioorg Chem 2020; 105:104343. [PMID: 33086180 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Convenient structures such as 2,4-diketo esters have been widely used as an effective pattern in medicinal chemistry and pharmacology for drug discovery. 2,4-Diketonate is a common scaffold that can be found in many biologically active and naturally occurring compounds. Also, many 2,4-diketo ester derivatives have been prepared due to their suitable synthesis. These synthetic drugs and natural products have shown numerous interesting biological properties with clinical potential as a cure for the broad specter of diseases. This review aims to highlight the important evidence of 2,4-diketo esters as a privileged scaffold in medicinal chemistry and pharmacology. Herein, numerous aspects of 2,4-diketo esters will be summarized, including synthesis and isolation of their derivatives, development of novel synthetic methodologies, the evaluation of their biological properties as well as the mechanisms of action of the diketo ester derivates. This paperwork is expected to be a comprehensive, trustworthy, and critical review of the 2,4-diketo ester intermediate to the chemistry community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nenad Joksimović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Nenad Janković
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, Department of Sciences, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Goran Davidović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Zorica Bugarčić
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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8
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Rossi R, Ciofalo M. Current Advances in the Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Pharmacologically Relevant 1,2,4,5-Tetrasubstituted-1H-Imidazole Derivatives. CURR ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272823666191014154129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
:
In recent years, the synthesis and evaluation of the
biological properties of 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted-1H-imidazole
derivatives have been the subject of a large number of studies
by academia and industry. In these studies it has been shown
that this large and highly differentiated class of heteroarene
derivatives includes high valuable compounds having important
biological and pharmacological properties such as
antibacterial, antifungal, anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer,
antiviral, antihypertensive, cholesterol-lowering, antifibrotic,
antiuricemic, antidiabetic, antileishmanial and antiulcer
activities.
:
The present review with 411 references, in which we focused on the literature data published mainly from 2011
to 2017, aims to update the readers on the recent developments on the synthesis and biological evaluation of
pharmacologically relevant 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted-1H-imidazole derivatives with an emphasis on their different
molecular targets and their potential use as drugs to treat various types of diseases. Reference was also
made to substantial literature data acquired before 2011 in this burgeoning research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzo Rossi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa - via Moruzzi, 3, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ciofalo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, University of Palermo - Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 4, I-90128 Palermo, Italy
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9
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Structural and clinical impact of anti-allergy agents: An overview. Bioorg Chem 2019; 94:103351. [PMID: 31668464 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Allergic disorders are markedly rising in industrialized countries. The identification of compounds that trigger the immunoglobulin E (IgE)-dependent allergic reaction remain the means to improve the quality of life by limiting patient's exposure to critical allergens. Information concerning the treatment and onset of allergic disorders including atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and bronchial asthma has been provided by the research over the past decade. Recent studies also indicated that allergic inflammation is associated closely with their exacerbation and progression and indeed is the basic pathophysiology of allergic diseases. As a result of immunological and molecular biological studies our understanding of the mechanism of allergic inflammation with regard to therapeutic agents has improved. While much effort has been paid to developing a new anti-allergic agent, the allergic disease has yet to be completely conquered. The more extensive research will allow the development of new therapeutics to combat allergic diseases. Currently, with respect to mechanism of action anti-allergy drugs are classified into five types including histamine H1 antagonists, leukotriene antagonists, Th2 cytokine inhibitors, thromboxane A2 inhibitors and mediator-release inhibitors. The use of two or more anti-allergy agents together is not acknowledged at present, but this will be the subject of research in the future because with different mechanisms of action anti-allergy agents used at the same time will theoretically increase their effects. This review article focuses on anti-allergy agents highlighting their applications, clinical trials and recent advancement on drugs.
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10
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Lemurell M, Ulander J, Emtenäs H, Winiwarter S, Broddefalk J, Swanson M, Hayes MA, Prieto Garcia L, Westin Eriksson A, Meuller J, Cassel J, Saarinen G, Yuan ZQ, Löfberg C, Karlsson S, Sundqvist M, Whatling C. Novel Chemical Series of 5-Lipoxygenase-Activating Protein Inhibitors for Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease. J Med Chem 2019; 62:4325-4349. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b02012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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11
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Pettersen D, Broddefalk J, Emtenäs H, Hayes MA, Lemurell M, Swanson M, Ulander J, Whatling C, Amilon C, Ericsson H, Westin Eriksson A, Granberg K, Plowright AT, Shamovsky I, Dellsèn A, Sundqvist M, Någård M, Lindstedt EL. Discovery and Early Clinical Development of an Inhibitor of 5-Lipoxygenase Activating Protein (AZD5718) for Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease. J Med Chem 2019; 62:4312-4324. [PMID: 30869888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b02004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
5-Lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP) inhibitors attenuate 5-lipoxygenase pathway activity and reduce the production of proinflammatory and vasoactive leukotrienes. As such, they are hypothesized to have therapeutic benefit for the treatment of diseases that involve chronic inflammation including coronary artery disease. Herein, we disclose the medicinal chemistry discovery and the early clinical development of the FLAP inhibitor AZD5718 (12). Multiparameter optimization included securing adequate potency in human whole blood, navigation away from Ames mutagenic amine fragments while balancing metabolic stability and PK properties allowing for clinically relevant exposures after oral dosing. The superior safety profile of AZD5718 compared to earlier frontrunner compounds allowed us to perform a phase 1 clinical study in which AZD5718 demonstrated a dose dependent and greater than 90% suppression of leukotriene production over 24 h. Currently, AZD5718 is evaluated in a phase 2a study for treatment of coronary artery disease.
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12
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Prasher P, Mudila H, Sharma M, Khati B. Developmental perspectives of the drugs targeting enzyme-instigated inflammation: a mini review. Med Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-019-02315-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Panferova LI, Chernov GN, Levin VV, Kokorekin VA, Dilman AD. Photoredox mediated annelation of iododifluoromethylated alcohols with 1,1-diarylethylenes. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Young RJ, Leeson PD. Mapping the Efficiency and Physicochemical Trajectories of Successful Optimizations. J Med Chem 2018; 61:6421-6467. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Young
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Paul D. Leeson
- Paul Leeson Consulting Ltd., The Malt House, Main Street, Congerstone, Nuneaton, Warwickshire CV13 6LZ, U.K
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15
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Identification of multi-target inhibitors of leukotriene and prostaglandin E2 biosynthesis by structural tuning of the FLAP inhibitor BRP-7. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 150:876-899. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Arimitsu S, Nakasone M, Gima E. Diastereoselective synthesis of 5,5-disubstituted 3,3-difluorotetrahydrofurans. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Hu C, Ma S. Recent development of lipoxygenase inhibitors as anti-inflammatory agents. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:212-225. [PMID: 30108915 PMCID: PMC6083793 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00390k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is favorable in most cases, because it is a kind of body defensive response to external stimuli; sometimes, inflammation is also harmful, such as attacks on the body's own tissues. It could be that inflammation is a unified process of injury and resistance to injury. Inflammation brings extreme pain to patients, showing symptoms of rubor, swelling, fever, pain and dysfunction. As the specific mechanism is not clear yet, the current anti-inflammatory agents are given priority for relieving suffering of patients. Thus it is emergent to find new anti-inflammatory agents with rapid effect. Lipoxygenase (LOX) is a kind of rate-limiting enzyme in the process of arachidonic acid metabolism into leukotriene (LT) which mediates the occurrence of inflammation. The inhibition of LOX can reduce LT, thereby producing an anti-inflammatory effect. In this review, the LOX inhibitors reported in recent years are summarized, and, in particular, their activities, structure-activity relationships and molecular docking studies are emphasized, which will provide new ideas to design novel LOX inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyu Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44, West Culture Road , Jinan 250012 , P.R. China .
| | - Shutao Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44, West Culture Road , Jinan 250012 , P.R. China .
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18
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Saroj Devi N, Shanmugam R, Ghorai J, Ramanan M, Anbarasan P, Doble M. Ligand-based Modeling for the Prediction of Pharmacophore Features for Multi-targeted Inhibition of the Arachidonic Acid Cascade. Mol Inform 2017; 37. [PMID: 28991413 DOI: 10.1002/minf.201700073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The single-target drugs against the arachidonic acid inflammatory pathway are associated with serious side effects, hence, as a first step towards multi-target drugs, we have studied the pharmacophoric features common to the inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP), microsomal prostaglandin E-synthase 1 (mPGES-1) and leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H). FLAP and mPGES-1 shared subfamily-specific positions (SSPs) and four mPGES-1 inhibitors binding to them mapped onto the pharmacophore derived from FLAP inhibitors (Ph-FLAP). The reactions of mPGES-1 and LTA4H had high structural similarity. The pharmacophore derived from two substrate mimic inhibitors of LTA4H (Ph-LTA4H) also mapped onto three mPGES-1 inhibitors. Screening of in-house database for Ph-FLAP and Ph-LTA4H identified one compound, C1. It inhibited the production of the mPGES-1 product, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by 97.8±1.6 % at 50 μM in HeLa cells and can be a starting point for designing molecules inhibiting all three targets simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Saroj Devi
- Bioengineering and Drug Design Lab, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036
| | - Rajasekar Shanmugam
- CYB 104A, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036
| | - Jayanta Ghorai
- CYB 104A, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036
| | - Meera Ramanan
- Bioengineering and Drug Design Lab, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036
| | - Pazhamalai Anbarasan
- CYB 104A, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036
| | - Mukesh Doble
- Bioengineering and Drug Design Lab, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036
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19
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Discovery and optimization of oxadiazole-based FLAP inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4652-4659. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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20
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Talele TT. Natural-Products-Inspired Use of the gem-Dimethyl Group in Medicinal Chemistry. J Med Chem 2017; 61:2166-2210. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanaji T. Talele
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, New York 11439, United States
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21
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Drug discovery approaches targeting 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP) for inhibition of cellular leukotriene biosynthesis. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 153:34-48. [PMID: 28784429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Leukotrienes are proinflammatory lipid mediators associated with diverse chronic inflammatory diseases such as asthma, COPD, IBD, arthritis, atherosclerosis, dermatitis and cancer. Cellular leukotrienes are produced from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway in which the 5-lipoxygenase activating protein, also named as FLAP, plays a critical role by operating as a regulatory protein for efficient transfer of arachidonic acid to 5-lipoxygenase. By blocking leukotriene production, FLAP inhibitors may behave as broad-spectrum leukotriene modulators, which might be of therapeutic use for chronic inflammatory diseases requiring anti-leukotriene therapy. The early development of FLAP inhibitors (i.e. MK-886, MK-591, BAY-X-1005) mostly concentrated on asthma cure, and resulted in promising readouts in preclinical and clinical studies with asthma patients. Following the recent elucidation of the 3D-structure of FLAP, development of new inhibitor chemotypes is highly accelerated, eventually leading to the evolution of many un-drug-like structures into more drug-like entities such as AZD6642 and BI665915 as development candidates. The most clinically advanced FLAP inhibitor to date is GSK2190918 (formerly AM803) that has successfully completed phase II clinical trials in asthmatics. Concluding, although there are no FLAP inhibitors reached to the drug approval phase yet, due to the rising number of indications for anti-LT therapy such as atherosclerosis, FLAP inhibitor development remains a significant research field. FLAP inhibitors reviewed herein are classified into four sub-classes as the first-generation FLAP inhibitors (indole and quinoline derivatives), the second-generation FLAP inhibitors (diaryl-alkanes and biaryl amino-heteroarenes), the benzimidazole-containing FLAP inhibitors and other FLAP inhibitors with polypharmacology for easiness of the reader. Hence, we meticulously summarize how FLAP inhibitors historically developed from scratch to their current advanced state, and leave the reader with a positive view that a FLAP inhibitor might soon reach to the need of patients who may require anti-LT therapy.
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22
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Chen Y, Aurell CJ, Pettersen A, Lewis RJ, Hayes MA, Lepistö M, Jonson AC, Leek H, Thunberg L. Saccharin Aza Bioisosteres-Synthesis and Preclinical Property Comparisons. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017. [PMID: 28626531 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Saccharin is a well-known scaffold in drug discovery. Herein, we report the synthesis and preclinical property comparisons of three bioisosteres of saccharin: aza-pseudosaccharins (cluster B), and two new types of aza-saccharins (clusters C and D). We demonstrate a convenient protocol to selectively synthesize products in cluster C or D when primary amines are used. Preclinical characterization of selected matched-pair products is reported. Through comparison of two diastereomers, we highlight how stereochemistry affects the preclinical properties. Given that saccharin-based derivatives are widely used in many chemistry fields, we foresee that structures exemplified by clusters C and D offer new opportunities for novel drug design, creating a chiral center on the sulfur atom and the option of substitution at two different nitrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Chen
- Medicinal Chemistry, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Carl-Johan Aurell
- Large Scale Chemistry, Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Anna Pettersen
- Pharmaceutical Technology
and Development, Product Development, AstraZeneca Operations Gothenburg, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Richard J. Lewis
- Medicinal Chemistry, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Martin A. Hayes
- DMPK, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Matti Lepistö
- Medicinal Chemistry, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Anna C. Jonson
- Medicinal Chemistry, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Hanna Leek
- Medicinal Chemistry, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Linda Thunberg
- Medicinal Chemistry, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
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23
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Proschak E, Heitel P, Kalinowsky L, Merk D. Opportunities and Challenges for Fatty Acid Mimetics in Drug Discovery. J Med Chem 2017; 60:5235-5266. [PMID: 28252961 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids beyond their role as an endogenous energy source and storage are increasingly considered as signaling molecules regulating various physiological effects in metabolism and inflammation. Accordingly, the molecular targets involved in formation and physiological activities of fatty acids hold significant therapeutic potential. A number of these fatty acid targets are addressed by some of the oldest and most widely used drugs such as cyclooxygenase inhibiting NSAIDs, whereas others remain unexploited. Compounds orthosterically binding to proteins that endogenously bind fatty acids are considered as fatty acid mimetics. On the basis of their structural resemblance, fatty acid mimetics constitute a family of bioactive compounds showing specific binding thermodynamics and following similar pharmacokinetic mechanisms. This perspective systematically evaluates targets for fatty acid mimetics, investigates their common structural characteristics, and highlights demands in their discovery and design. In summary, fatty acid mimetics share particularly favorable characteristics justifying the conclusion that their therapeutic potential vastly outweighs the challenges in their design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewgenij Proschak
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Pascal Heitel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lena Kalinowsky
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniel Merk
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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24
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Devi NS, Ramanan M, Paragi-Vedanthi P, Doble M. Phytochemicals as multi-target inhibitors of the inflammatory pathway- A modeling and experimental study. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 484:467-473. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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25
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Discovery of the first dual inhibitor of the 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein and soluble epoxide hydrolase using pharmacophore-based virtual screening. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42751. [PMID: 28218273 PMCID: PMC5317001 DOI: 10.1038/srep42751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotrienes (LTs) are pro-inflammatory lipid mediators derived from arachidonic acid (AA) with roles in inflammatory and allergic diseases. The biosynthesis of LTs is initiated by transfer of AA via the 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP) to 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO). FLAP inhibition abolishes LT formation exerting anti-inflammatory effects. The soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) converts AA-derived anti-inflammatory epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) to dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (di-HETEs). Its inhibition consequently also counteracts inflammation. Targeting both LT biosynthesis and the conversion of EETs with a dual inhibitor of FLAP and sEH may represent a novel, powerful anti-inflammatory strategy. We present a pharmacophore-based virtual screening campaign that led to 20 hit compounds of which 4 targeted FLAP and 4 were sEH inhibitors. Among them, the first dual inhibitor for sEH and FLAP was identified, N-[4-(benzothiazol-2-ylmethoxy)-2-methylphenyl]-N'-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea with IC50 values of 200 nM in a cell-based FLAP test system and 20 nM for sEH activity in a cell-free assay.
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26
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Werz O, Gerstmeier J, Garscha U. Novel leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitors (2012-2016) as anti-inflammatory agents. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2017; 27:607-620. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2017.1276568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Jana Gerstmeier
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrike Garscha
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
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27
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Saturated Heterocycles with Applications in Medicinal Chemistry. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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28
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Nordqvist A, O'Mahony G, Fridén-Saxin M, Fredenwall M, Hogner A, Granberg KL, Aagaard A, Bäckström S, Gunnarsson A, Kaminski T, Xue Y, Dellsén A, Hansson E, Hansson P, Ivarsson I, Karlsson U, Bamberg K, Hermansson M, Georgsson J, Lindmark B, Edman K. Structure-Based Drug Design of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists to Explore Oxosteroid Receptor Selectivity. ChemMedChem 2016; 12:50-65. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anneli Nordqvist
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases; Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Pepparedsleden 1 Mölndal 43183 Sweden
| | - Gavin O'Mahony
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases; Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Pepparedsleden 1 Mölndal 43183 Sweden
| | - Maria Fridén-Saxin
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases; Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Pepparedsleden 1 Mölndal 43183 Sweden
| | - Marlene Fredenwall
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases; Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Pepparedsleden 1 Mölndal 43183 Sweden
| | - Anders Hogner
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases; Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Pepparedsleden 1 Mölndal 43183 Sweden
| | - Kenneth L. Granberg
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases; Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Pepparedsleden 1 Mölndal 43183 Sweden
| | - Anna Aagaard
- Discovery Sciences; Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Pepparedsleden 1 43183 Mölndal Sweden
| | - Stefan Bäckström
- Discovery Sciences; Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Pepparedsleden 1 43183 Mölndal Sweden
| | - Anders Gunnarsson
- Discovery Sciences; Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Pepparedsleden 1 43183 Mölndal Sweden
| | - Tim Kaminski
- Discovery Sciences; Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Pepparedsleden 1 43183 Mölndal Sweden
| | - Yafeng Xue
- Discovery Sciences; Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Pepparedsleden 1 43183 Mölndal Sweden
| | - Anita Dellsén
- Discovery Sciences; Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Pepparedsleden 1 43183 Mölndal Sweden
| | - Eva Hansson
- Discovery Sciences; Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Pepparedsleden 1 43183 Mölndal Sweden
| | - Pia Hansson
- Discovery Sciences; Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Pepparedsleden 1 43183 Mölndal Sweden
| | - Ida Ivarsson
- Discovery Sciences; Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Pepparedsleden 1 43183 Mölndal Sweden
| | - Ulla Karlsson
- Discovery Sciences; Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Pepparedsleden 1 43183 Mölndal Sweden
| | - Krister Bamberg
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases; Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Pepparedsleden 1 Mölndal 43183 Sweden
| | - Majlis Hermansson
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases; Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Pepparedsleden 1 Mölndal 43183 Sweden
| | - Jennie Georgsson
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases; Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Pepparedsleden 1 Mölndal 43183 Sweden
| | - Bo Lindmark
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases; Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Pepparedsleden 1 Mölndal 43183 Sweden
| | - Karl Edman
- Discovery Sciences; Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Pepparedsleden 1 43183 Mölndal Sweden
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29
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Levent S, Gerstmeier J, Olgaç A, Nikels F, Garscha U, Carotti A, Macchiarulo A, Werz O, Banoglu E, Çalışkan B. Synthesis and biological evaluation of C(5)-substituted derivatives of leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitor BRP-7. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 122:510-519. [PMID: 27423639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological intervention with 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway leading to suppression of leukotriene (LT) biosynthesis is a clinically validated strategy for treatment of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases such as asthma and atherosclerosis. Here we describe the synthesis of a series of C(5)-substituted analogues of the previously described 5-LO-activating protein (FLAP) inhibitor BRP-7 (IC50 = 0.31 μM) to explore the effects of substitution at the C(5)-benzimidazole (BI) ring as a strategy to increase the potency against FLAP-mediated 5-LO product formation. Incorporation of polar substituents on the C(5) position of the BI core, exemplified by compound 11 with a C(5)-nitrile substituent, significantly enhances the potency for suppression of 5-LO product synthesis in human neutrophils (IC50 = 0.07 μM) and monocytes (IC50 = 0.026 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Levent
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Yenimahalle, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Jana Gerstmeier
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Abdurrahman Olgaç
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Yenimahalle, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Felix Nikels
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrike Garscha
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Andrea Carotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio Macchiarulo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Oliver Werz
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Erden Banoglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Yenimahalle, 06330 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Burcu Çalışkan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Yenimahalle, 06330 Ankara, Turkey.
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30
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Lindelöf Å, Ericsson C, Simonsson R, Nilsson G, Grönberg G, Elmore CS. Synthesis of [3H] and [2H6]AZD6642, an inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP). J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2016; 59:340-5. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Lindelöf
- Isotope Chemistry, Enabling Services, Drug Safety and Metabolism iMED; AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; Mölndal Sweden
| | - Cecilia Ericsson
- Isotope Chemistry, Enabling Services, Drug Safety and Metabolism iMED; AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; Mölndal Sweden
| | - Roger Simonsson
- Isotope Chemistry, Enabling Services, Drug Safety and Metabolism iMED; AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; Mölndal Sweden
| | - Göran Nilsson
- Isotope Chemistry, Enabling Services, Drug Safety and Metabolism iMED; AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; Mölndal Sweden
| | - Gunnar Grönberg
- Structure Analysis & Separation Science, Medicinal Chemistry, Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmune iMED; AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; Mölndal Sweden
| | - Charles S. Elmore
- Isotope Chemistry, Enabling Services, Drug Safety and Metabolism iMED; AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; Mölndal Sweden
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31
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Leeson PD. Molecular inflation, attrition and the rule of five. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 101:22-33. [PMID: 26836397 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Physicochemical properties underlie all aspects of drug action and are critical for solubility, permeability and successful formulation. Specific physicochemical properties shown to be relevant to oral drugs are size, lipophilicity, ionisation, hydrogen bonding, polarity, aromaticity and shape. The rule of 5 (Ro5) and subsequent studies have raised awareness of the importance of compound quality amongst bioactive molecules. Lipophilicity, probably the most important physical property of oral drugs, has on average changed little over time in oral drugs, until increases in drugs published after 1990. In contrast other molecular properties such as average size have increased significantly. Factors influencing property inflation include the targets pursued, where antivirals frequently violate the Ro5, risk/benefit considerations, and variable drug discovery practices. The compounds published in patents from the pharmaceutical industry are on average larger, more lipophilic and less complex than marketed oral drugs. The variation between individual companies' patented compounds is due to different practices and not to the targets pursued. Overall, there is demonstrable physical property attrition in moving from patents to candidate drugs to marketed drugs. The pharmaceutical industry's recent poor productivity has been due, in part, to progression of molecules that are unable to unambiguously test clinical efficacy, and attrition can therefore be improved by ensuring candidate drug quality is 'fit for purpose.' The combined ligand efficiency (LE) and lipophilic ligand efficiency (LLE) values of many marketed drugs are optimised relative to other molecules acting at the same target. Application of LLE in optimisation can help identify improved leads, even with challenging targets that seem to require lipophilic ligands. Because of their targets, some projects may need to pursue 'beyond Ro5' physicochemical space; such projects will require non-standard lead generation and optimisation and should not dominate in a well-balanced portfolio. Compound quality is controllable by lead selection and optimisation and should not be a cause of clinical failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Leeson
- Paul Leeson Consulting Ltd, The Malt House, Main Street, Congerstone, Nuneaton, Warks CV13 6LZ, UK.
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32
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Banoglu E, Çelikoğlu E, Völker S, Olgaç A, Gerstmeier J, Garscha U, Çalışkan B, Schubert US, Carotti A, Macchiarulo A, Werz O. 4,5-Diarylisoxazol-3-carboxylic acids: A new class of leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitors potentially targeting 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP). Eur J Med Chem 2016; 113:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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33
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Blevitt JM, Hack MD, Herman K, Chang L, Keith JM, Mirzadegan T, Rao NL, Lebsack AD, Milla ME. A Single Amino Acid Difference between Mouse and Human 5-Lipoxygenase Activating Protein (FLAP) Explains the Speciation and Differential Pharmacology of Novel FLAP Inhibitors. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:12724-12731. [PMID: 27129215 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.725325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP) plays a critical role in the metabolism of arachidonic acid to leukotriene A4, the precursor to the potent pro-inflammatory mediators leukotriene B4 and leukotriene C4 Studies with small molecule inhibitors of FLAP have led to the discovery of a drug binding pocket on the protein surface, and several pharmaceutical companies have developed compounds and performed clinical trials. Crystallographic studies and mutational analyses have contributed to a general understanding of compound binding modes. During our own efforts, we identified two unique chemical series. One series demonstrated strong inhibition of human FLAP but differential pharmacology across species and was completely inactive in assays with mouse or rat FLAP. The other series was active across rodent FLAP, as well as human and dog FLAP. Comparison of rodent and human FLAP amino acid sequences together with an analysis of a published crystal structure led to the identification of amino acid residue 24 in the floor of the putative binding pocket as a likely candidate for the observed speciation. On that basis, we tested compounds for binding to human G24A and mouse A24G FLAP mutant variants and compared the data to that generated for wild type human and mouse FLAP. These studies confirmed that a single amino acid mutation was sufficient to reverse the speciation observed in wild type FLAP. In addition, a PK/PD method was established in canines to enable preclinical profiling of mouse-inactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Blevitt
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Michael D Hack
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Krystal Herman
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, San Diego, California 92121
| | | | | | - Tara Mirzadegan
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, San Diego, California 92121
| | | | | | - Marcos E Milla
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, San Diego, California 92121.
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34
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Johansson A, Löfberg C, Antonsson M, von Unge S, Hayes MA, Judkins R, Ploj K, Benthem L, Lindén D, Brodin P, Wennerberg M, Fredenwall M, Li L, Persson J, Bergman R, Pettersen A, Gennemark P, Hogner A. Discovery of (3-(4-(2-Oxa-6-azaspiro[3.3]heptan-6-ylmethyl)phenoxy)azetidin-1-yl)(5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methanone (AZD1979), a Melanin Concentrating Hormone Receptor 1 (MCHr1) Antagonist with Favorable Physicochemical Properties. J Med Chem 2016; 59:2497-511. [PMID: 26741166 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of melanin concentrating hormone receptor 1 (MCHr1) antagonists were the starting point for a drug discovery program that culminated in the discovery of 103 (AZD1979). The lead optimization program was conducted with a focus on reducing lipophilicity and understanding the physicochemical properties governing CNS exposure and undesired off-target pharmacology such as hERG interactions. An integrated approach was taken where the key assay was ex vivo receptor occupancy in mice. The candidate compound 103 displayed appropriate lipophilicity for a CNS indication and showed excellent permeability with no efflux. Preclinical GLP toxicology and safety pharmacology studies were without major findings and 103 was taken into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Johansson
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases iMed and ‡Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg , 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Christian Löfberg
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases iMed and ‡Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg , 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Madeleine Antonsson
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases iMed and ‡Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg , 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Sverker von Unge
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases iMed and ‡Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg , 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Martin A Hayes
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases iMed and ‡Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg , 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Robert Judkins
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases iMed and ‡Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg , 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Karolina Ploj
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases iMed and ‡Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg , 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Lambertus Benthem
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases iMed and ‡Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg , 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Daniel Lindén
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases iMed and ‡Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg , 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Peter Brodin
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases iMed and ‡Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg , 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Marie Wennerberg
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases iMed and ‡Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg , 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Marléne Fredenwall
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases iMed and ‡Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg , 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Lanna Li
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases iMed and ‡Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg , 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Joachim Persson
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases iMed and ‡Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg , 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Rolf Bergman
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases iMed and ‡Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg , 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Anna Pettersen
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases iMed and ‡Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg , 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Peter Gennemark
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases iMed and ‡Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg , 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Anders Hogner
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases iMed and ‡Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg , 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
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35
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Lian Y, Burford K, Londregan AT. Expedient synthesis of gem-dialkylbenzyl heterocycles through olefinic hydroarylation. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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36
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Pettersen D, Davidsson Ö, Whatling C. Recent advances for FLAP inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:2607-12. [PMID: 26004579 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.04.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A number of FLAP inhibitors have been progressed to clinical trials for respiratory and other inflammatory indications but so far no drug has reached the market. With this Digest we assess the opportunity to develop FLAP inhibitors for indications beyond respiratory disease, and in particular for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. We also show how recently disclosed FLAP inhibitors have structurally evolved from the first generation FLAP inhibitors paving the way for new compound classes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carl Whatling
- CVMD iMed, AstraZeneca R&D Mölndal, S-413 83 Mölndal, Sweden
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