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Samizo S, Kaneko H. Predictive Modeling of HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitory Activity and Design of New HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:27247-27255. [PMID: 37546661 PMCID: PMC10399166 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
As blood cholesterol increases, it accumulates in the intima of blood vessels, elevating the risk of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. Drugs that inhibit enzymes essential for cholesterol synthesis are effective in improving blood cholesterol levels. Statins are used to treat hypercholesterolemia as they inhibit 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase (HMGR), the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis. Statins are known to exert their effects by translocating to the liver, where they are taken up by the organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1). Therefore, we hypothesized that a compound with high HMGR inhibitory activity and high affinity for OATP1B1 would be an excellent new therapeutic agent for hypercholesterolemia with increased liver selectivity and fewer side effects. In this study, we developed two models for predicting HMGR inhibitory activity and OATP1B1 affinity to propose the chemical structure of a new therapeutic agent for hypercholesterolemia with both high inhibitory activity and high liver selectivity. HMGR inhibitory activity and OATP1B1 affinity prediction models were constructed with high prediction accuracy for the test data: r2 = 0.772 and 0.768, respectively. New chemical structures were then input into these models to search for candidate compounds. We found compounds with higher HMGR inhibitory activity and OATP1B1 affinity than rosuvastatin, the most recently developed statin drug, and compounds that did not have a common structure of statins with high HMGR inhibitory activity.
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2
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Alkafaas SS, Abdallah AM, Ghosh S, Loutfy SA, Elkafas SS, Abdel Fattah NF, Hessien M. Insight into the role of clathrin-mediated endocytosis inhibitors in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Rev Med Virol 2023; 33:e2403. [PMID: 36345157 PMCID: PMC9877911 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants warrants sustainable efforts to upgrade both the diagnostic and therapeutic protocols. Understanding the details of cellular and molecular basis of the virus-host cell interaction is essential for developing variant-independent therapeutic options. The internalization of SARS-CoV-2, into lung epithelial cells, is mediated by endocytosis, especially clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). Although vaccination is the gold standard strategy against viral infection, selective inhibition of endocytic proteins, complexes, and associated adaptor proteins may present a variant-independent therapeutic strategy. Although clathrin and/or dynamins are the most important proteins involved in CME, other endocytic mechanisms are clathrin and/or dynamin independent and rely on other proteins. Moreover, endocytosis implicates some subcellular structures, like plasma membrane, actin and lysosomes. Also, physiological conditions, such as pH and ion concentrations, represent an additional factor that mediates these events. Accordingly, endocytosis related proteins are potential targets for small molecules that inhibit endocytosis-mediated viral entry. This review summarizes the potential of using small molecules, targeting key proteins, participating in clathrin-dependent and -independent endocytosis, as variant-independent antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2 infection. The review takes two approaches. The first outlines the potential role of endocytic inhibitors in preventing endocytosis-mediated viral entry and its mechanism of action, whereas in the second computational analysis was implemented to investigate the selectivity of common inhibitors against endocytic proteins in SARS-CoV-2 endocytosis. The analysis revealed that remdesivir, methyl-β-cyclodextrin, rottlerin, and Bis-T can effectively inhibit clathrin, HMG-CoA reductase, actin, and dynamin I GTPase and are more potent in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 than chloroquine. CME inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 infection remain understudied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Sami Alkafaas
- Molecular Cell Biology UniteDivision of BiochemistryDepartment of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceTanta UniversityTantaEgypt
| | - Abanoub Mosaad Abdallah
- Narcotic Research DepartmentNational Center for Social and Criminological Research (NCSCR)GizaEgypt
| | - Soumya Ghosh
- Department of GeneticsFaculty of Natural and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of the Free StateBloemfonteinSouth Africa
| | - Samah A. Loutfy
- Virology and Immunology UnitCancer Biology DepartmentNational Cancer Institute (NCI)Cairo UniversityCairoEgypt
- Nanotechnology Research CenterBritish UniversityCairoEgypt
| | - Sara Samy Elkafas
- Production Engineering and Mechanical Design DepartmentFaculty of EngineeringMenofia UniversityMenofiaEgypt
| | - Nasra F. Abdel Fattah
- Virology and Immunology UnitCancer Biology DepartmentNational Cancer Institute (NCI)Cairo UniversityCairoEgypt
| | - Mohamed Hessien
- Molecular Cell Biology UniteDivision of BiochemistryDepartment of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceTanta UniversityTantaEgypt
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3
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Murray PD, Cox JH, Chiappini ND, Roos CB, McLoughlin EA, Hejna BG, Nguyen ST, Ripberger HH, Ganley JM, Tsui E, Shin NY, Koronkiewicz B, Qiu G, Knowles RR. Photochemical and Electrochemical Applications of Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:2017-2291. [PMID: 34813277 PMCID: PMC8796287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We present here a review of the photochemical and electrochemical applications of multi-site proton-coupled electron transfer (MS-PCET) in organic synthesis. MS-PCETs are redox mechanisms in which both an electron and a proton are exchanged together, often in a concerted elementary step. As such, MS-PCET can function as a non-classical mechanism for homolytic bond activation, providing opportunities to generate synthetically useful free radical intermediates directly from a wide variety of common organic functional groups. We present an introduction to MS-PCET and a practitioner's guide to reaction design, with an emphasis on the unique energetic and selectivity features that are characteristic of this reaction class. We then present chapters on oxidative N-H, O-H, S-H, and C-H bond homolysis methods, for the generation of the corresponding neutral radical species. Then, chapters for reductive PCET activations involving carbonyl, imine, other X═Y π-systems, and heteroarenes, where neutral ketyl, α-amino, and heteroarene-derived radicals can be generated. Finally, we present chapters on the applications of MS-PCET in asymmetric catalysis and in materials and device applications. Within each chapter, we subdivide by the functional group undergoing homolysis, and thereafter by the type of transformation being promoted. Methods published prior to the end of December 2020 are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip
R. D. Murray
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - James H. Cox
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Nicholas D. Chiappini
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Casey B. Roos
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | | | - Benjamin G. Hejna
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Suong T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Hunter H. Ripberger
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Jacob M. Ganley
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Elaine Tsui
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Nick Y. Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Brian Koronkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Guanqi Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Robert R. Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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4
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Successful utilization of
$$\upbeta $$
β
-ketonitrile in Biginelli reaction: synthesis of 5-cyanodihydropyrimidine. J CHEM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-018-1467-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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5
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Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Gem-Difluoromethylenated Statin Derivatives as Highly Potent HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors. CHINESE J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201600180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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6
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Sashidhara KV, Rao KB, Sonkar R, Modukuri RK, Chhonker YS, Kushwaha P, Chandasana H, Khanna AK, Bhatta RS, Bhatia G, Suthar MK, Saxena JK, Kumar V, Siddiqi MI. Hybrids of coumarin–indole: design, synthesis and biological evaluation in Triton WR-1339 and high-fat diet induced hyperlipidemic rat models. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6md00283h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lipid lowering activity of novel coumarin–indole hybrids has been demonstrated.
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7
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Faig A, Petersen L, Moghe PV, Uhrich KE. Impact of hydrophobic chain composition on amphiphilic macromolecule antiatherogenic bioactivity. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:3328-37. [PMID: 25070717 PMCID: PMC4157764 DOI: 10.1021/bm500809f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic macromolecules (AMs) composed of sugar backbones modified with branched aliphatic chains and a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) tail can inhibit macrophage uptake of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL), a major event underlying atherosclerosis development. Previous studies indicate that AM hydrophobic domains influence this bioactivity through interacting with macrophage scavenger receptors, which can contain basic and/or hydrophobic residues within their binding pockets. In this study, we compare two classes of AMs to investigate their ability to promote athero-protective potency via hydrogen-bonding or hydrophobic interactions with scavenger receptors. A series of ether-AMs, containing methoxy-terminated aliphatic arms capable of hydrogen-bonding, was synthesized. Compared to analogous AMs containing no ether moieties (alkyl-AMs), ether-AMs showed improved cytotoxicity profiles. Increasing AM hydrophobicity via incorporation of longer and/or alkyl-terminated hydrophobic chains yielded macromolecules with enhanced oxLDL uptake inhibition. These findings indicate that hydrophobic interactions and the length of AM aliphatic arms more significantly influence AM bioactivity than hydrogen-bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Faig
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department
of Biomedical Engineering, and Department of Chemical and Biochemical
Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Latrisha
K. Petersen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department
of Biomedical Engineering, and Department of Chemical and Biochemical
Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Prabhas V. Moghe
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department
of Biomedical Engineering, and Department of Chemical and Biochemical
Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Kathryn E. Uhrich
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department
of Biomedical Engineering, and Department of Chemical and Biochemical
Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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8
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Jamei M, Bajot F, Neuhoff S, Barter Z, Yang J, Rostami-Hodjegan A, Rowland-Yeo K. A mechanistic framework for in vitro-in vivo extrapolation of liver membrane transporters: prediction of drug-drug interaction between rosuvastatin and cyclosporine. Clin Pharmacokinet 2014; 53:73-87. [PMID: 23881596 PMCID: PMC3889821 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-013-0097-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives The interplay between liver metabolising enzymes and transporters is a complex process involving system-related parameters such as liver blood perfusion as well as drug attributes including protein and lipid binding, ionisation, relative magnitude of passive and active permeation. Metabolism- and/or transporter-mediated drug–drug interactions (mDDIs and tDDIs) add to the complexity of this interplay. Thus, gaining meaningful insight into the impact of each element on the disposition of a drug and accurately predicting drug–drug interactions becomes very challenging. To address this, an in vitro–in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE)-linked mechanistic physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) framework for modelling liver transporters and their interplay with liver metabolising enzymes has been developed and implemented within the Simcyp Simulator®. Methods In this article an IVIVE technique for liver transporters is described and a full-body PBPK model is developed. Passive and active (saturable) transport at both liver sinusoidal and canalicular membranes are accounted for and the impact of binding and ionisation processes is considered. The model also accommodates tDDIs involving inhibition of multiple transporters. Integrating prior in vitro information on the metabolism and transporter kinetics of rosuvastatin (organic-anion transporting polypeptides OATP1B1, OAT1B3 and OATP2B1, sodium-dependent taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide [NTCP] and breast cancer resistance protein [BCRP]) with one clinical dataset, the PBPK model was used to simulate the drug disposition of rosuvastatin for 11 reported studies that had not been used for development of the rosuvastatin model. Results The simulated area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC), maximum concentration (Cmax) and the time to reach Cmax (tmax) values of rosuvastatin over the dose range of 10–80 mg, were within 2-fold of the observed data. Subsequently, the validated model was used to investigate the impact of coadministration of cyclosporine (ciclosporin), an inhibitor of OATPs, BCRP and NTCP, on the exposure of rosuvastatin in healthy volunteers. Conclusion The results show the utility of the model to integrate a wide range of in vitro and in vivo data and simulate the outcome of clinical studies, with implications for their design. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s40262-013-0097-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jamei
- Simcyp Limited (A Certara Company), Blades Enterprise Centre, John Street, S2 4SU, Sheffield, UK,
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9
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Application of a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model to Predict OATP1B1-Related Variability in Pharmacodynamics of Rosuvastatin. CPT-PHARMACOMETRICS & SYSTEMS PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 3:e124. [PMID: 25006781 PMCID: PMC4120018 DOI: 10.1038/psp.2014.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Typically, pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) models use plasma concentration as the input that drives the PD model. However, interindividual variability in uptake transporter activity can lead to variable drug concentrations in plasma without discernible impact on the effect site organ concentration. A physiologically based PK/PD model for rosuvastatin was developed that linked the predicted liver concentration to the PD response model. The model was then applied to predict the effect of genotype-dependent uptake by the organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1) transporter on the pharmacological response. The area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC0–∞) was increased by 63 and 111% for the c.521TC and c.521CC genotypes vs. the c.521TT genotype, while the PD response remained relatively unchanged (3.1 and 5.8% reduction). Using local concentration at the effect site to drive the PD response enabled us to explain the observed disconnect between the effect of the OATP1B1 c521T>C polymorphism on rosuvastatin plasma concentration and the cholesterol synthesis response.
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10
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Kozarov E, Padro T, Badimon L. View of statins as antimicrobials in cardiovascular risk modification. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 102:362-74. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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11
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Wang X, Fang X, Yang X, Ni M, Wu F. Synthesis of 1,3,5-Trisubstituted [4-tert-Butyl 2-(5,5-difluoro-2,2-dimethyl-6-vinyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl)acetate]pyrazoles via a Pd-Catalyzed CH Activation. CHINESE J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201201100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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12
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Pfefferkorn JA, Guzman-Perez A, Litchfield J, Aiello R, Treadway JL, Pettersen J, Minich ML, Filipski KJ, Jones CS, Tu M, Aspnes G, Risley H, Bian J, Stevens BD, Bourassa P, D’Aquila T, Baker L, Barucci N, Robertson AS, Bourbonais F, Derksen DR, MacDougall M, Cabrera O, Chen J, Lapworth AL, Landro JA, Zavadoski WJ, Atkinson K, Haddish-Berhane N, Tan B, Yao L, Kosa RE, Varma MV, Feng B, Duignan DB, El-Kattan A, Murdande S, Liu S, Ammirati M, Knafels J, DaSilva-Jardine P, Sweet L, Liras S, Rolph TP. Discovery of (S)-6-(3-Cyclopentyl-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)propanamido)nicotinic Acid as a Hepatoselective Glucokinase Activator Clinical Candidate for Treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Med Chem 2012; 55:1318-33. [DOI: 10.1021/jm2014887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A. Pfefferkorn
- Cambridge Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Angel Guzman-Perez
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - John Litchfield
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Robert Aiello
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Judith L. Treadway
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - John Pettersen
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Martha L. Minich
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kevin J. Filipski
- Cambridge Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Christopher S. Jones
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Meihua Tu
- Cambridge Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gary Aspnes
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Hud Risley
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jianwei Bian
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Benjamin D. Stevens
- Cambridge Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Patricia Bourassa
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Theresa D’Aquila
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Levenia Baker
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Nicole Barucci
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Alan S. Robertson
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Francis Bourbonais
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David R. Derksen
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Margit MacDougall
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Over Cabrera
- Cambridge Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jing Chen
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Amanda Lee Lapworth
- Cambridge Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - James A. Landro
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - William J. Zavadoski
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Karen Atkinson
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Nahor Haddish-Berhane
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Beijing Tan
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Lili Yao
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Rachel E. Kosa
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Manthena V. Varma
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Bo Feng
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David B. Duignan
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ayman El-Kattan
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Sharad Murdande
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Shenping Liu
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Mark Ammirati
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - John Knafels
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Paul DaSilva-Jardine
- Cambridge Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Laurel Sweet
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Spiros Liras
- Cambridge Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Timothy P. Rolph
- Cambridge Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Wang X, Fang X, Xiao H, Yin Y, Xia H, Wu F. Synthesis of γ,γ-difluoro-β-hydroxy-δ-lactones as new precursors of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. J Fluor Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2011.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Pfefferkorn JA, Litchfield J, Hutchings R, Cheng XM, Larsen SD, Auerbach B, Bush MR, Lee C, Erasga N, Bowles DM, Boyles DC, Lu G, Sekerke C, Askew V, Hanselman JC, Dillon L, Lin Z, Robertson A, Olsen K, Boustany C, Atkinson K, Goosen TC, Sahasrabudhe V, Chupka J, Duignan DB, Feng B, Scialis R, Kimoto E, Bi YA, Lai Y, El-Kattan A, Bakker-Arkema R, Barclay P, Kindt E, Le V, Mandema JW, Milad M, Tait BD, Kennedy R, Trivedi BK, Kowala M. Discovery of novel hepatoselective HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors for treating hypercholesterolemia: A bench-to-bedside case study on tissue selective drug distribution. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:2725-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.11.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Pfefferkorn JA. Novel 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors: a patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2011; 21:187-203. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2011.547478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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16
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Convergent procedure for the synthesis of trifluoromethyl-containing N-(pyridinyl-triazolyl)pyrimidin-2-amines. J Fluor Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2010.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Synthesis and antihyperlipidemic activity of novel coumarin bisindole derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:6504-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Revised: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 09/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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18
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Burrell RC, Bonacorsi SJ, Rinehart JK, Ahmad S, Ngu K, Balasubramanian B. Synthesis and stability of a carbon-14-labeled 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme-A reductase inhibitor. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wan K, Zhou CH. Synthesis of Novel Halobenzyloxy and Alkoxy 1,2,4-Triazoles and Evaluation for Their Antifungal and Antibacterial Activities. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2010.31.7.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Hobson LA, Akiti O, Deshmukh SS, Harper S, Katipally K, Lai CJ, Livingston RC, Lo E, Miller MM, Ramakrishnan S, Shen L, Spink J, Tummala S, Wei C, Yamamoto K, Young J, Parsons RL. Development of a Scaleable Process for the Synthesis of a Next-Generation Statin. Org Process Res Dev 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/op100010n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A. Hobson
- Department of Chemical Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, U.S.A
| | - Otute Akiti
- Department of Chemical Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, U.S.A
| | - Subodh S. Deshmukh
- Department of Chemical Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, U.S.A
| | - Shannon Harper
- Department of Chemical Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, U.S.A
| | - Kishta Katipally
- Department of Chemical Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, U.S.A
| | - Chiajen J. Lai
- Department of Chemical Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, U.S.A
| | - Robert C. Livingston
- Department of Chemical Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, U.S.A
| | - Ehrlic Lo
- Department of Chemical Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, U.S.A
| | - Michael M. Miller
- Department of Chemical Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, U.S.A
| | - Srividya Ramakrishnan
- Department of Chemical Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, U.S.A
| | - Lifen Shen
- Department of Chemical Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, U.S.A
| | - Jan Spink
- Department of Chemical Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, U.S.A
| | - Srinivas Tummala
- Department of Chemical Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, U.S.A
| | - Chenkou Wei
- Department of Chemical Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, U.S.A
| | - Kana Yamamoto
- Department of Chemical Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, U.S.A
| | - John Young
- Department of Chemical Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, U.S.A
| | - Rodney L. Parsons
- Department of Chemical Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, U.S.A
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Abstract
Numerous ‘scaffolds’ that have been identified in natural product structures have led to very significant numbers of approved drugs and drug candidates for a multiplicity of diseases over the years. In this mini-review, we discuss the base scaffolds (chemical skeletons) that we feel have produced very significant numbers of agents as drugs or drug leads and, in a number of cases, compounds that can be used as chemical synthons or that present activities in biological areas that were not obvious from their earlier history.
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Neurol 2009; 22:554-61. [PMID: 19755870 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0b013e3283313b14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Conference Report: 4th Anglo–Swedish Medicinal Chemistry Symposium. Future Med Chem 2009; 1:431-4. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.09.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Anglo–Swedish Medicinal Chemistry Symposium is normally held in the skiing resort of Are in Sweden, but this year, for the first time, the meeting was held at the AstraZeneca R&D site in Lund. The meeting was divided into five sections, consisting of a total of 19 high-quality lectures. In chronological order these sections were: kinases and ATPases; overcoming problems associated with multifunctional targets; achieving selectivity by tissue distribution; enzymes and transporters; challenges and trends in medicinal chemistry; and G protein-coupled receptors.
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Manlove A, Groziak MP. Chapter 6.2: Six-Membered Ring Systems: Diazines and Benzo Derivatives. PROGRESS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-6380(09)70040-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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