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Shalbi F, Ali AR. A mini-review on integrase inhibitors: The cornerstone of next-generation HIV treatment. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 279:116900. [PMID: 39332384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024]
Abstract
Integrase inhibitors represent one of the most remarkable and effective advances in the treatment of HIV-1 infection. Their lack of human cellular equivalence has established integrase as a unique and ideal target for HIV-1 treatment. Over the last two decades, a variety of drugs and small molecule inhibitors have been developed to control or treat HIV infection. Many of these FDA-approved drugs are considered first-line options for AIDS patients. Unfortunately, resistance to these drugs has dictated the development of novel and more efficacious antiretroviral drugs. In this review article, we illustrate the key classes of antiretroviral integrase inhibitors available. We provide a comprehensive analysis of recent advancements in the development of integrase inhibitors, focusing on novel compounds and their distinct mechanisms of action. Our literature review highlights emerging allosteric integrase inhibitors that offer improved efficacy, resistance profiles, and pharmacokinetics. By integrating these recent advancements and clinical insights, this review aims to provide a thorough and updated understanding of integrase inhibitors, emphasizing their evolving role in HIV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathi Shalbi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed R Ali
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
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2
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Phillips MJA, Huston WM, McDonagh AM, Rawling T. 4-Chloroisocoumarins as Chlamydial Protease Inhibitors and Anti-Chlamydial Agents. Molecules 2024; 29:1519. [PMID: 38611800 PMCID: PMC11013143 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
4-Chloroisocoumarin compounds have broad inhibitory properties against serine proteases. Here, we show that selected 3-alkoxy-4-chloroisocoumarins preferentially inhibit the activity of the conserved serine protease High-temperature requirement A of Chlamydia trachomatis. The synthesis of a new series of isocoumarin-based scaffolds has been developed, and their anti-chlamydial properties were investigated. The structure of the alkoxy substituent was found to influence the potency of the compounds against High-temperature requirement A, and modifications to the C-7 position of the 3-alkoxy-4-chloroisocoumarin structure attenuate anti-chlamydial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. A. Phillips
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Wilhelmina M. Huston
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Andrew M. McDonagh
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Tristan Rawling
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia;
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3
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Vanangamudi M, Palaniappan S, Kathiravan MK, Namasivayam V. Strategies in the Design and Development of Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs). Viruses 2023; 15:1992. [PMID: 37896769 PMCID: PMC10610861 DOI: 10.3390/v15101992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is a potentially life-threatening infectious disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). To date, thousands of people have lost their lives annually due to HIV infection, and it continues to be a big public health issue globally. Since the discovery of the first drug, Zidovudine (AZT), a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), to date, 30 drugs have been approved by the FDA, primarily targeting reverse transcriptase, integrase, and/or protease enzymes. The majority of these drugs target the catalytic and allosteric sites of the HIV enzyme reverse transcriptase. Compared to the NRTI family of drugs, the diverse chemical class of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) has special anti-HIV activity with high specificity and low toxicity. However, current clinical usage of NRTI and NNRTI drugs has limited therapeutic value due to their adverse drug reactions and the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. To overcome drug resistance and efficacy issues, combination therapy is widely prescribed for HIV patients. Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) includes more than one antiretroviral agent targeting two or more enzymes in the life cycle of the virus. Medicinal chemistry researchers apply different optimization strategies including structure- and fragment-based drug design, prodrug approach, scaffold hopping, molecular/fragment hybridization, bioisosterism, high-throughput screening, covalent-binding, targeting highly hydrophobic channel, targeting dual site, and multi-target-directed ligand to identify and develop novel NNRTIs with high antiviral activity against wild-type (WT) and mutant strains. The formulation experts design various delivery systems with single or combination therapies and long-acting regimens of NNRTIs to improve pharmacokinetic profiles and provide sustained therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Vanangamudi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior 474005, Madhya Pradesh, India;
| | - Senthilkumar Palaniappan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641021, Tamilnadu, India;
- Center for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641021, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Muthu Kumaradoss Kathiravan
- Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Research Lab, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRMIST, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamilnadu, India;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRMIST, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Vigneshwaran Namasivayam
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
- LIED, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
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4
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Renzi G, Carta F, Supuran CT. The Integrase: An Overview of a Key Player Enzyme in the Antiviral Scenario. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12187. [PMID: 37569561 PMCID: PMC10419282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Integration of a desossiribonucleic acid (DNA) copy of the viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) into host genomes is a fundamental step in the replication cycle of all retroviruses. The highly conserved virus-encoded Integrase enzyme (IN; EC 2.7.7.49) catalyzes such a process by means of two consecutive reactions named 3'-processing (3-P) and strand transfer (ST). The Authors report and discuss the major discoveries and advances which mainly contributed to the development of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) -IN targeted inhibitors for therapeutic applications. All the knowledge accumulated over the years continues to serve as a valuable resource for the design and development of effective antiretroviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino (NEUROFARBA) Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (G.R.); (C.T.S.)
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5
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Starosotnikov AM, Bastrakov MA. Recent Developments in the Synthesis of HIV-1 Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors Incorporating Pyridine Moiety. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119314. [PMID: 37298265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes one of the most dangerous diseases-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). An estimated about 40 million people are currently living with HIV worldwide, most of whom are already on antiretroviral therapy. This makes the development of effective drugs to combat this virus very relevant. Currently, one of the dynamically developing areas of organic and medicinal chemistry is the synthesis and identification of new compounds capable of inhibiting HIV-1 integrase-one of the HIV enzymes. A significant number of studies on this topic are published annually. Many compounds inhibiting integrase incorporate pyridine core. Therefore, this review is an analysis of the literature on the methods for the synthesis of pyridine-containing HIV-1 integrase inhibitors since 2003 to the present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey M Starosotnikov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, Leninsky Prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim A Bastrakov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, Leninsky Prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Kang JX, Zhao GK, Yang XM, Huang MX, Hui WQ, Zeng R, Ouyang Q. Recent advances on dual inhibitors targeting HIV reverse transcriptase associated polymerase and ribonuclease H. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 250:115196. [PMID: 36787657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Reverse transcriptase (RT) plays an indispensable role in the replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) through its associated polymerase and ribonuclease H (RNase H) activities during the viral RNA genome transformation into proviral DNA. Due to the fact that HIV is a highly mutagenic virus and easily resistant to single-target RT inhibitors, dual inhibitors targeting HIV RT associated polymerase and RNase H have been developed. These dual inhibitors have the advantages of increasing efficacy, reducing drug resistance, drug-drug interactions, and cytotoxicity, as well as improving patient compliance. In this review, we summarize recent advances in polymerase/RNase H dual inhibitors focusing on drug design strategies, and structure-activity relationships and share new insights into developing anti-HIV drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xiong Kang
- Department of Pharmacy, Armed Police Forces Hospital of Sichuan, 614000, Leshan, China
| | - Guang-Kuan Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiu-Ming Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Mou-Xin Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen-Qi Hui
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi'an Fifth Hospital, Xian, 710082, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China.
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Cai X, Fu J, Gu L, Cheng D, Wang H, xu X. Visible‐light‐promoted cascade reaction of acryloylbenzamides with carboxylic acids: metal‐free synthesis of isoquinolinediones. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Cai
- Zhejiang University of Technology College Of Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Jiahui Fu
- Zhejiang University of Technology College Of Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Li Gu
- Zhejiang University of Technology College Of Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Dongping Cheng
- Zhejiang University of Technology College of Pharmaceutical Sciences CHINA
| | - Hong Wang
- ZJUT: Zhejiang University of Technology College of Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - xiaoliang xu
- Zhejiang University of Technology College of Chemical Engineering Chaohui 6th district 310014 Hangzhou CHINA
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8
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Ma S, Zhou P, Fan X, Li D, Yang J. Base-promoted cascade radical difluoroalkylation/cyclization of acrylamides for the synthesis of CF2-containing oxindoles and isoquinoline-1,3-diones. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.153933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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9
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Cai X, Liu Y, Ding S, Fu J, Li J, Cheng D, Xu X. Visible Light-Induced Radical Cascade Reaction of Acryloylbenzamides with N-Hydroxyphthalimide Esters. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.153722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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10
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Su L, Xue P, Zhu X, Sun H, Liu J, Wang C. Transition-Metal- and Light-Free Generation of an Iminyl Radical: Facile Approach to Oxindoles and Isoquinolinediones with a Quaternary Carbon Center via Cyanoalkylarylation. J Org Chem 2021; 87:874-883. [PMID: 34902974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We have developed an efficient and non-toxic method for the environmental-friendly generation of an iminyl radical from cyclobutanone oxime ester via direct thermolysis in the absence of light, transition metals, "tin", and other activators. This redox-neutral cyanoalkylarylation protocol enjoys a wide substrate scope and a good functional group tolerance, providing facile access to oxindoles and isoquinolinediones with a quaternary carbon center that are difficult to prepare by traditional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanjun Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Pan Xue
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Xin Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Huan Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jikai Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chengming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
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11
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Mahboubi-Rabbani M, Abbasi M, Hajimahdi Z, Zarghi A. HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase/Integrase Dual Inhibitors: A Review of Recent Advances and Structure-activity Relationship Studies. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2021; 20:333-369. [PMID: 34567166 PMCID: PMC8457747 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2021.115446.15370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The significant threat to humanity is HIV infection, and it is uncertain whether a definitive treatment or a safe HIV vaccine is. HIV-1 is continually evolving and resistant to commonly used HIV-resistant medications, presenting significant obstacles to HIV infection management. The drug resistance adds to the need for new anti-HIV drugs; it chooses ingenious approaches to fight the emerging virus. Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), a multi-target approach for specific therapies, has proved effective in AIDS treatment. Therefore, it is a dynamic system with high prescription tension, increased risk of medication reactions, and adverse effects, leading to poor compliance with patients. In the HIV-1 lifecycle, two critical enzymes with high structural and functional analogies are reverse transcriptase (RT) and integrase (IN), which can be interpreted as druggable targets for modern dual-purpose inhibitors. Designed multifunctional ligand (DML) is a new technique that recruited many targets to be achieved by one chemical individual. A single chemical entity that acts for multiple purposes can be much more successful than a complex multidrug program. The production of these multifunctional ligands as antiretroviral drugs is valued with the advantage that the viral-replication process may end in two or more phases. This analysis will discuss the RT-IN dual-inhibitory scaffolds' developments documented so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahboubi-Rabbani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Abbasi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Zahra Hajimahdi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Zarghi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Pan G, Yang Q, Wang W, Tang Y, Cai Y. Heterogeneous photocatalytic cyanomethylarylation of alkenes with acetonitrile: synthesis of diverse nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:1171-1180. [PMID: 34093882 PMCID: PMC8144907 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A visible light-mediated heterogeneous photocatalytic cyanomethylarylation of alkenes with acetonitrile has been established using K-modified carbon nitride (CN-K) as a recyclable semiconductor photocatalyst. This protocol, employing readily accessible alkyl N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) ester as a radical initiator, allows the efficient construction of a broad array of structural diverse nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds including indolines, oxindoles, isoquinolinones, and isoquinolinediones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglong Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Qian Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Wentao Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yurong Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yunfei Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing 400044, China
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13
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4-Benzylideneisoquinoline-1,3( 2H, 4H)-diones as tyrosyl DNA phosphodiesterase 2 (TDP2) inhibitors. Med Chem Res 2021; 30:371-386. [PMID: 33776385 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02662-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 2 (TDP2) repairs topoisomerase II (Top2) mediated DNA damages, including double-strand breaks (DSBs) that underpin the anticancer mechanism of clinical TOP2 poisons such as etoposide (ETP). Inhibition of TDP2 could sensitize cancer cells toward TOP2 poisons by increasing Top2 cleavage complex. We have previously identified isoquinoline-1,3-dione as a selective inhibitor type of TDP2. However, the reported structure-activity relationship (SAR) was limited to simple substitutions on the isoquinoline-1,3-dione core. Herein, we report the extended SAR consisting of the synthesis and testing of a total of 50 analogs featuring N-2 and C-4 modifications. Major SAR observations include the loss of potency upon N-2 substitution, the lack of inhibition with C-4 enamine analogs (subtype 11), or any other C-4 modifications (subtypes 13-15) except for the benzylidene substitution (subtype 12), where eight analogs showed low micromolar potency. The best analog, 12q, inhibited TDP2 with an IC50 of 4.8 μM. Molecular modeling was performed to help understand the observed SAR trends. Overall, these SAR observations which could significantly benefit future work on the design of improved TDP2 inhibitors.
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14
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Ma Y, Frutos-Beltrán E, Kang D, Pannecouque C, De Clercq E, Menéndez-Arias L, Liu X, Zhan P. Medicinal chemistry strategies for discovering antivirals effective against drug-resistant viruses. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:4514-4540. [PMID: 33595031 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01084g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During the last forty years we have witnessed impressive advances in the field of antiviral drug discovery culminating with the introduction of therapies able to stop human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication, or cure hepatitis C virus infections in people suffering from liver disease. However, there are important viral diseases without effective treatments, and the emergence of drug resistance threatens the efficacy of successful therapies used today. In this review, we discuss strategies to discover antiviral compounds specifically designed to combat drug resistance. Currently, efforts in this field are focused on targeted proteins (e.g. multi-target drug design strategies), but also on drug conformation (either improving drug positioning in the binding pocket or introducing conformational constraints), in the introduction or exploitation of new binding sites, or in strengthening interaction forces through the introduction of multiple hydrogen bonds, covalent binding, halogen bonds, additional van der Waals forces or multivalent binding. Among the new developments, proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) have emerged as a valid approach taking advantage of intracellular mechanisms involving protein degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Finally, several molecules targeting host factors (e.g. human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase and DEAD-box polypeptide 3) have been identified as broad-spectrum antiviral compounds. Implementation of herein described medicinal chemistry strategies are expected to contribute to the discovery of new drugs effective against current and future threats due to emerging and re-emerging viral pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, P. R. China.
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15
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Lin X, Kurz JL, Patel KM, Wun SJ, Hussein WM, Lonhienne T, West NP, McGeary RP, Schenk G, Guddat LW. Discovery of a Pyrimidinedione Derivative with Potent Inhibitory Activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Ketol-Acid Reductoisomerase. Chemistry 2021; 27:3130-3141. [PMID: 33215746 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
New drugs aimed at novel targets are urgently needed to combat the increasing rate of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB). Herein, the National Cancer Institute Developmental Therapeutic Program (NCI-DTP) chemical library was screened against a promising new target, ketol-acid reductoisomerase (KARI), the second enzyme in the branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) biosynthesis pathway. From this library, 6-hydroxy-2-methylthiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine-5,7(4H,6H)-dione (NSC116565) was identified as a potent time-dependent inhibitor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mt) KARI with a Ki of 95.4 nm. Isothermal titration calorimetry studies showed that this inhibitor bound to MtKARI in the presence and absence of the cofactor, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), which was confirmed by crystal structures of the compound in complex with closely related Staphylococcus aureus KARI. It is also shown that NSC116565 inhibits the growth of H37Ra and H37Rv strains of Mt with MIC50 values of 2.93 and 6.06 μm, respectively. These results further validate KARI as a TB drug target and show that NSC116565 is a promising lead for anti-TB drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lin
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Julia L Kurz
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Khushboo M Patel
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Shun Jie Wun
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Waleed M Hussein
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.,Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ein Helwan, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
| | - Thierry Lonhienne
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Nicholas P West
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Ross P McGeary
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Gerhard Schenk
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Luke W Guddat
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
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16
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Search for new therapeutics against HIV-1 via dual inhibition of RNase H and integrase: current status and future challenges. Future Med Chem 2021; 13:269-286. [PMID: 33399497 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2020-0257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Reverse transcriptase and integrase are key enzymes that play a pivotal role in HIV-1 viral maturation and replication. Reverse transcriptase consists of two active sites: RNA-dependent DNA polymerase and RNase H. The catalytic domains of integrase and RNase H share striking similarity, comprising two aspartates and one glutamate residue, also known as the catalytic DDE triad, and a Mg2+ pair. The simultaneous inhibition of reverse transcriptase and integrase can be a rational drug discovery approach for combating the emerging drug resistance problem. In the present review, the dual inhibition of RNase H and integrase is systematically discussed, including rationality of design, journey of development, advancement and future perspective.
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17
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Van Meter EN, Onyango JA, Teske KA. A review of currently identified small molecule modulators of microRNA function. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 188:112008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.112008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Luo X, Zhou L, Lu H, Deng G, Liang Y, Yang C, Yang Y. Palladium-Catalyzed Domino Heck/C–H Activation/Decarboxylation: A Rapid Entry to Fused Isoquinolinediones and Isoquinolinones. Org Lett 2019; 21:9960-9964. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiai Luo
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
- Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan 418000, China
| | - Liwei Zhou
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Haiyan Lu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Guobo Deng
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Yun Liang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Chunming Yang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
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19
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Zhu M, Ma L, Wen J, Dong B, Wang Y, Wang Z, Zhou J, Zhang G, Wang J, Guo Y, Liang C, Cen S, Wang Y. Rational design and Structure-Activity relationship of coumarin derivatives effective on HIV-1 protease and partially on HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 186:111900. [PMID: 31771827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Since dual inhibitors may yield lower toxicity and reduce the likelihood of drug resistance, as well as inhibitors of HIV-1 PR and RT constitute the core of chemotherapy for AIDS treatment, we herein designed and synthesized new coumarin derivatives characterized by various linkers that exhibited excellent potency against PR and a weak inhibition of RT. Among which, compounds 6f and 7c inhibited PR with IC50 values of 15.5 and 62.1 nM, respectively, and weakly affected also RT with IC50 values of 241.8 and 188.7 μM, respectively, showing the possibility in the future of developing dual HIV-1 PR/RT inhibitors. Creative stimulation for further research of more potent dual HIV-1 inhibitors was got according to the molecular docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ling Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jiajia Wen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Biao Dong
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yujia Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and McGill AIDS Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jinming Zhou
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Guoning Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Juxian Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and McGill AIDS Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shan Cen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Yucheng Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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20
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Gill MSA, Hassan SS, Ahemad N. Evolution of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and integrase dual inhibitors: Recent advances and developments. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 179:423-448. [PMID: 31265935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
HIV infection is a major challenge to mankind and a definitive cure or a viable vaccine for HIV is still elusive. HIV-1 is constantly evolving and developing resistant against clinically used anti-HIV drugs thus posing serious hurdles in the treatment of HIV infection. This prompts the need to developed new anti-HIV drugs; preferentially adopting intelligent ways to counteract an evolving virus. Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART): a strategy involving multiple targeting through various drugs has proven beneficial in the management of AIDS. However, it is a complex regimen with high drug load, increased risk of drug interactions and adverse effects, which lead to poor patient compliance. Reverse transcriptase (RT) and Integrase (IN) are two pivotal enzymes in HIV-1 lifecycle with high structural and functional analogy to be perceived as drug-able targets for novel dual-purpose inhibitors. Designed multi-functional ligand (DML) is a modern strategy by which multiple targets can be exploited using a single chemical entity. A single chemical entity acting on multiple targets can be much more effective than a complex multi-drug regimen. The development of such multifunctional ligands is highly valued in anti-HIV drug discovery with the proposed advantage of being able to stop two or more stages of viral replication cycle. This review will encompass the evolution of the RT-IN dual inhibitory scaffolds reported so far and the contribution made by the leading research groups over the years in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shoaib Ali Gill
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPS), University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Sharifah Syed Hassan
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Nafees Ahemad
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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21
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Yan H, Liang FS. miRNA inhibition by proximity-enabled Dicer inactivation. Methods 2019; 167:117-123. [PMID: 31077820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are considered as master regulators of biological processes. Dysregulation of miRNA expression has been implicated in many human diseases. Driven by the key biological roles and the therapeutic potential, developing methods for miRNA regulation has become an intense research area. Due to favorable pharmacological properties, small molecule-based miRNA inhibition emerges as a promising strategy and significant progresses have been made. However, it remains challenging to regulate miRNA using small molecules because of the inherent difficulty in RNA targeting and inhibition. Herein we outline the workflow of generating bifunctional small molecule inhibitors blocking miRNA biogenesis through proximity-enabled inactivation of Dicer, an enzyme required for the processing of precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA) into mature miRNA. By conjugating a weak Dicer inhibitor with a pre-miRNA binder, the inhibitor can be delivered to the Dicer processing site associated with the targeted pre-miRNA, and as a result inhibiting Dicer-mediated pre-miRNA processing. This protocol can be applicable in producing bifunctional inhibitors for different miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Fu-Sen Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States.
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22
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Yang F, Zheng G, Fu T, Li X, Tu G, Li YH, Yao X, Xue W, Zhu F. Prediction of the binding mode and resistance profile for a dual-target pyrrolyl diketo acid scaffold against HIV-1 integrase and reverse-transcriptase-associated ribonuclease H. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 20:23873-23884. [PMID: 29947629 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01843j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The rapid emergence of drug-resistant variants is one of the most common causes of highly active antiretroviral therapeutic (HAART) failure in patients infected with HIV-1. Compared with the existing HAART, the recently developed pyrrolyl diketo acid scaffold targeting both HIV-1 integrase (IN) and reverse transcriptase-associated ribonuclease H (RNase H) is an efficient approach to counteract the failure of anti-HIV treatment due to drug resistance. However, the binding mode and potential resistance profile of these inhibitors with important mechanistic principles remain poorly understood. To address this issue, an integrated computational method was employed to investigate the binding mode of inhibitor JMC6F with HIV-1 IN and RNase H. By using per-residue binding free energy decomposition analysis, the following residues: Asp64, Thr66, Leu68, Asp116, Tyr143, Gln148 and Glu152 in IN, Asp443, Glu478, Trp536, Lys541 and Asp549 in RNase H were identified as key residues for JMC6F binding. And then computational alanine scanning was carried to further verify the key residues. Moreover, the resistance profile of the currently known major mutations in HIV-1 IN and 2 mutations in RNase H against JMC6F was predicted by in silico mutagenesis studies. The results demonstrated that only three mutations in HIV-1 IN (Y143C, Q148R and N155H) and two mutations in HIV-1 RNase H (Y501R and Y501W) resulted in a reduction of JMC6F potency, thus indicating their potential role in providing resistance to JMC6F. These data provided important insights into the binding mode and resistance profile of the inhibitors with a pyrrolyl diketo acid scaffold in HIV-1 IN and RNase H, which would be helpful for the development of more effective dual HIV-1 IN and RNase H inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyuan Yang
- Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
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23
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Gao P, Wang X, Sun L, Cheng X, Poongavanam V, Kongsted J, Álvarez M, Luczkowiak J, Pannecouque C, De Clercq E, Lee KH, Chen CH, Liu H, Menéndez-Arias L, Liu X, Zhan P. Design, synthesis, and biologic evaluation of novel galloyl derivatives as HIV-1 RNase H inhibitors. Chem Biol Drug Des 2019; 93:582-589. [PMID: 30560566 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reverse transcriptase (RT)-associated ribonuclease H (RNase H) remains as the only enzyme encoded within the viral genome not targeted by current antiviral drugs. In this work, we report the design, synthesis, and biologic evaluation of a novel series of galloyl derivatives with HIV-1 RNase H inhibitory activity. Most of them showed IC50 s at sub- to low-micromolar concentrations in enzymatic assays. The most potent compound was II-25 that showed an IC50 of 0.72 ± 0.07 μM in RNase H inhibition assays carried out with the HIV-1BH 10 RT. II-25 was 2.8 times more potent than β-thujaplicinol in these assays. Interestingly, II-25 and other galloyl derivatives were also found to inhibit the HIV IN strand transfer activity in vitro. Structure-activity relationships (SAR) studies and molecular modeling analysis predict key interactions with RT residues His539 and Arg557, while providing helpful insight for further optimization of selected compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Gao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Xueshun Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Xiqiang Cheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | | | - Jacob Kongsted
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Mar Álvarez
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joanna Luczkowiak
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, K.U.Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Chin-Ho Chen
- Surgical Science, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Huiqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Luis Menéndez-Arias
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
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24
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Liu Y, Wu J, Qian B, Shang Y. Controllable construction of isoquinolinedione and isocoumarin scaffolds via RhIII-catalyzed C–H annulation of N-tosylbenzamides with diazo compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:8768-8777. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01789e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An efficient protocol for the synthesis of isoquinolinediones by RhIII-catalyzed C–H activation/annulation/decarboxylation of N-tosylbenzamides with diazo compounds is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education)
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu 241002
| | - Jiaping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education)
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu 241002
| | - Baiyang Qian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education)
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu 241002
| | - Yongjia Shang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education)
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu 241002
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25
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Saez-Ayala M, Laban Yekwa E, Mondielli C, Roux L, Hernández S, Bailly F, Cotelle P, Rogolino D, Canard B, Ferron F, Alvarez K. Metal chelators for the inhibition of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus endonuclease domain. Antiviral Res 2018; 162:79-89. [PMID: 30557576 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Arenaviridae is a viral family whose members are associated with rodent-transmitted infections to humans responsible of severe diseases. The current lack of a vaccine and limited therapeutic options make the development of efficacious drugs of high priority. The cap-snatching mechanism of transcription of Arenavirus performed by the endonuclease domain of the L-protein is unique and essential, so we developed a drug design program targeting the endonuclease activity of the prototypic Lymphocytic ChorioMeningitis Virus. Since the endonuclease activity is metal ion dependent, we designed a library of compounds bearing chelating motifs (diketo acids, polyphenols, and N-hydroxyisoquinoline-1,3-diones) able to block the catalytic center through the chelation of the critical metal ions, resulting in a functional impairment. We pre-screened 59 compounds by Differential Scanning Fluorimetry. Then, we characterized the binding affinity by Microscale Thermophoresis and evaluated selected compounds in in vitro and in cellula assays. We found several potent binders and inhibitors of the endonuclease activity. This study validates the proof of concept that the endonuclease domain of Arenavirus can be used as a target for anti-arena-viral drug discovery and that both diketo acids and N-hydroxyisoquinoline-1,3-diones can be considered further as potential metal-chelating pharmacophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Saez-Ayala
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7257, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, 163 avenue de Luminy, 13288, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université, CRCM, INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR7258, 13273, Marseille, France
| | - Elsie Laban Yekwa
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7257, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, 163 avenue de Luminy, 13288, Marseille, France; Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Clémence Mondielli
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7257, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, 163 avenue de Luminy, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Loic Roux
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7257, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, 163 avenue de Luminy, 13288, Marseille, France; Department of Physiology Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Sergio Hernández
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7257, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, 163 avenue de Luminy, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Fabrice Bailly
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Cotelle
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000, Lille, France; ENSCL, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Dominga Rogolino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parma, P.co Area delle Scienze 17/A, Parma, Italy
| | - Bruno Canard
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7257, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, 163 avenue de Luminy, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - François Ferron
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7257, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, 163 avenue de Luminy, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Karine Alvarez
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7257, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, 163 avenue de Luminy, 13288, Marseille, France.
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26
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Recent advances in the discovery of small-molecule inhibitors of HIV-1 integrase. Future Sci OA 2018; 4:FSO338. [PMID: 30416746 PMCID: PMC6222271 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2018-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIDS caused by the infection of HIV is a prevalent problem today. Rapid development of drug resistance to existing drug classes has called for the discovery of new targets. Within the three major enzymes (i.e., HIV-1 protease, HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and HIV-1 integrase [IN]) of the viral replication cycle, HIV-1 IN has been of particular interest due to the absence of human cellular homolog. HIV-1 IN catalyzes the integration of viral genetic material with the host genome, a key step in the viral replication process. Several novel classes of HIV IN inhibitors have been explored by targeting different sites on the enzyme. This review strives to provide readers with updates on the recent developments of HIV-1 IN inhibitors. AIDS is an epidemic disease that endangers the lives of millions of people across the world. The AIDS virus, also known as HIV, has developed resistance to the majority of available drugs on the market, thus requiring the need for new drugs. HIV integrase is one of the key viral enzymes required for viral cell proliferation. Since there is no similar enzyme in the human body, major emphasis is being made to develop therapeutics for this novel target. The drugs that are at various stages of development for this target are reviewed here.
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27
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Sun L, Gao P, Dong G, Zhang X, Cheng X, Ding X, Wang X, Daelemans D, De Clercq E, Pannecouque C, Menéndez-Arias L, Zhan P, Liu X. 5-Hydroxypyrido[2,3-b]pyrazin-6(5H)-one derivatives as novel dual inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase-associated ribonuclease H and integrase. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 155:714-724. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Jolley EA, Hardebeck LKE, Ren Y, Adams MS, Lewis M, Znosko BM. The effects of varying the substituent and DNA sequence on the stability of 4-substituted DNA-naphthalimide complexes. Biophys Chem 2018; 239:29-37. [PMID: 29804029 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
DNA duplexes are stabilized by many interactions, one of which is stacking interactions between the nucleic acid bases. These interactions are useful for designing small molecules that bind to DNA. Naphthalimide intercalators have been shown to be valuable anti-cancer agents that stack between the DNA bases and exhibit stabilizing effects. There is a continued need to design intercalators that will exhibit these stabilizing effects while being more selective toward DNA binding. This work investigates 4-substituted naphthalimides with varying functional groups and their interactions with nucleic acid duplexes. Mode of binding was determined via wavelength scans, circular dichroism, and viscosity measurements. Optical melting experiments were used to measure the absorbance of the sample as a function of temperature. The Tm values derived from the DNA duplexes were subtracted from the Tm values derived from the DNA-intercalator complexes, resulting in ΔTm values. The ΔTm values demonstrated that the substituents on the intercalator affect the stability of the DNA-intercalator complex. From the results of this study and comparison to results from previous work, we conclude that the substituent type and position on the core intercalator molecule affect the stability of the complex it forms with DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Jolley
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Ave., St. Louis, MO 63103, United States
| | - Laura K E Hardebeck
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Ave., St. Louis, MO 63103, United States
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Ave., St. Louis, MO 63103, United States
| | - Miranda S Adams
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Ave., St. Louis, MO 63103, United States
| | - Michael Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Ave., St. Louis, MO 63103, United States
| | - Brent M Znosko
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Ave., St. Louis, MO 63103, United States.
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29
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de Castro S, Camarasa MJ. Polypharmacology in HIV inhibition: can a drug with simultaneous action against two relevant targets be an alternative to combination therapy? Eur J Med Chem 2018. [PMID: 29529501 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
HIV infection still has a serious health and socio-economical impact and is one of the primary causes of morbidity and mortality all over the world. HIV infection and the AIDS pandemic are still matters of great concern, especially in less developed countries where the access to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is limited. Patient compliance is another serious drawback. Nowadays, HAART is the treatment of choice although it is not the panacea. Despite the fact that it suppresses viral replication at undetectable viral loads and prevents progression of HIV infection into AIDS HAART has several pitfalls, namely, long-term side-effects, drug resistance development, emergence of drug-resistant viruses, low compliance and the intolerance of some patients to these drugs. Moreover, another serious health concern is the event of co-infection with more than one pathogen at the same time (e.g. HIV and HCV, HBV, herpes viruses, etc). Currently, the multi-target drug approach has become an exciting strategy to address complex diseases and overcome drug resistance development. Such multifunctional molecules combine in their structure pharmacophores that may simultaneously interfere with multiple targets and their use may eventually be more safe and efficacious than that involving a mixture of separate molecules because of avoidance or delay of drug resistance, lower incidence of unwanted drug-drug interactions and improved compliance. In this review we focus on multifunctional molecules with dual activity against different targets of the HIV life cycle or able to block replication, not only of HIV but also of other viruses that are often co-pathogens of HIV. The different approaches are documented by selected examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia de Castro
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM, CSIC) Juan de La Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - María-José Camarasa
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM, CSIC) Juan de La Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.
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30
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1-Hydroxypyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2(1H)-ones as novel selective HIV integrase inhibitors obtained via privileged substructure-based compound libraries. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:5779-5789. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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31
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Tautomerism of 4-phenyl-2,4-dioxobutanoic acid. Insights from pH ramping NMR study and quantum chemical calculations. Struct Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-017-1039-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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32
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Corona A, Onnis V, Deplano A, Bianco G, Demurtas M, Distinto S, Cheng YC, Alcaro S, Esposito F, Tramontano E. Design, synthesis and antiviral evaluation of novel heteroarylcarbothioamide derivatives as dual inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase-associated RNase H and RDDP functions. Pathog Dis 2017; 75:3943645. [PMID: 28859311 PMCID: PMC6433301 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftx078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the continuous effort to identify new HIV-1 inhibitors endowed with innovative mechanisms, the dual inhibition of different viral functions would provide a significant advantage against drug-resistant variants. The HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT)-associated ribonuclease H (RNase H) is the only viral-encoded enzymatic activity that still lacks an efficient inhibitor. We synthesized a library of 3,5-diamino-N-aryl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbothioamide and 4-amino-5-benzoyl-N-phenyl-2-(substituted-amino)-1H-pyrrole-3-carbothioamide derivatives and tested them against RNase H activity. We identified the pyrazolecarbothioamide derivative A15, able to inhibit viral replication and both RNase H and RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (RDDP) RT-associated activities in the low micromolar range. Docking simulations hypothesized its binding to two RT pockets. Site-directed mutagenesis experiments showed that, with respect to wt RT, V108A substitution strongly reduced A15 IC50 values (12.6-fold for RNase H inhibition and 4.7-fold for RDDP), while substitution A502F caused a 9.0-fold increase in its IC50 value for RNase H, not affecting the RDDP inhibition, reinforcing the hypothesis of a dual-site inhibition. Moreover, A15 retained good inhibition potency against three non-nucleoside RT inhibitor (NNRTI)-resistant enzymes, confirming a mode of action unrelated to NNRTIs and suggesting its potential as a lead compound for development of new HIV-1 RT dual inhibitors active against drug-resistant viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Corona
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Valentina Onnis
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Alessandro Deplano
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Giulia Bianco
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Monica Demurtas
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Simona Distinto
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Yung-Chi Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University Medical School, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Esposito
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Enzo Tramontano
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
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Korolev SP, Pustovarova MA, Starosotnikov AM, Bastrakov MA, Agapkina YY, Shevelev SA, Gottikh MB. Nitrobenzofuroxane derivatives as dual action HIV-1 inhibitors. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW), SUPPLEMENT SERIES B: BIOMEDICAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990750817030064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Cheng X, Gao P, Sun L, Tian Y, Zhan P, Liu X. Identification of spirocyclic or phosphate substituted quinolizine derivatives as novel HIV-1 integrase inhibitors: a patent evaluation of WO2016094197A1, WO2016094198A1 and WO2016154527A1. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2017; 27:1277-1286. [PMID: 28749251 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2017.1360283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been widely adopted to control the HIV-1 infection successfully. HIV-1 integrase (IN) inhibitors are primary drugs in HAART regimens targeting integration step in the HIV-1 life cycle. However, due to the emergence of viral resistance and cross-resistance amongst drugs, there is a pressing need for new and potent IN inhibitors. This review covers the three patents describing spirocyclic and phosphate substituted quinolizine derivatives as novel HIV-1 IN inhibitors for the discovery of new anti-HIV-1 drug candidates. Areas covered: This review is focused on spirocyclic and phosphate substituted quinolizine derivatives bearing the same metal chelation scaffold as novel HIV-1 IN inhibitors. Expert opinion: Generally, privileged structure-based optimizations have emerged as an effective approach to discover newly antiviral agents. More generally, due to the similar Mg2+ catalytic active centers of endoribonucleases, some divalent metal ion chelators were found to be versatile binders targeting multiple metalloenzymes. Therefore, privileged structure-based scaffold re-evolution is an important tactic to identify new chemotypes, to explore unknown biological activities, or to provide effective ligands for multiple targets by modifying the existing active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiqiang Cheng
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong , P. R. China
| | - Ping Gao
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong , P. R. China
| | - Lin Sun
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong , P. R. China
| | - Ye Tian
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong , P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhan
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong , P. R. China
| | - Xinyong Liu
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong , P. R. China
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35
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Edwards TC, Lomonosova E, Patel JA, Li Q, Villa JA, Gupta AK, Morrison LA, Bailly F, Cotelle P, Giannakopoulou E, Zoidis G, Tavis JE. Inhibition of hepatitis B virus replication by N-hydroxyisoquinolinediones and related polyoxygenated heterocycles. Antiviral Res 2017; 143:205-217. [PMID: 28450058 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported low sensitivity of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) ribonuclease H (RNaseH) enzyme to inhibition by N-hydroxyisoquinolinedione (HID) compounds. Subsequently, our biochemical RNaseH assay was found to have a high false negative rate for predicting HBV replication inhibition, leading to underestimation of the number of HIDs that inhibit HBV replication. Here, 39 HID compounds and structurally related polyoxygenated heterocycles (POH), N-hydroxypyridinediones (HPD), and flutimides were screened for inhibition of HBV replication in vitro. Inhibiting the HBV RNaseH preferentially blocks synthesis of the positive-polarity DNA strand and causes accumulation of RNA:DNA heteroduplexes. Eleven HIDs and one HPD preferentially inhibited HBV positive-polarity DNA strand accumulation. EC50s ranged from 0.69 μM to 19 μM with therapeutic indices from 2.4 to 71. Neither the HIDs nor the HPD had an effect on the ability of the polymerase to elongate DNA strands in capsids. HBV RNaseH inhibition by the HIDs was confirmed with an improved RNaseH assay and by detecting accumulation RNA:DNA heteroduplexes in HBV capsids from cells treated with a representative HID. Therefore, the HID scaffold is more promising for anti-HBV drug discovery than we originally reported, and the HPD scaffold may hold potential for antiviral development. The preliminary structure-activity relationship will guide optimization of the HID/HPDs as HBV inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany C Edwards
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and Saint Louis University Liver Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Saint Louis University Liver Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Elena Lomonosova
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and Saint Louis University Liver Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Saint Louis University Liver Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Jenny A Patel
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and Saint Louis University Liver Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Qilan Li
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and Saint Louis University Liver Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Saint Louis University Liver Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Juan A Villa
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and Saint Louis University Liver Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Saint Louis University Liver Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Ankit K Gupta
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and Saint Louis University Liver Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Lynda A Morrison
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and Saint Louis University Liver Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Fabrice Bailly
- University of Lille, INSERM, UMR-S 1172, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Lille, France.
| | - Philippe Cotelle
- University of Lille, INSERM, UMR-S 1172, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Lille, France.
| | - Erofili Giannakopoulou
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Grigoris Zoidis
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - John E Tavis
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and Saint Louis University Liver Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Saint Louis University Liver Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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36
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Tang J, Vernekar SKV, Chen YL, Miller L, Huber AD, Myshakina N, Sarafianos SG, Parniak MA, Wang Z. Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling of 2-Hydroxyisoquinoline-1,3-dione analogues as inhibitors of HIV reverse transcriptase associated ribonuclease H and polymerase. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 133:85-96. [PMID: 28384548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reverse transcriptase (RT) associated ribonuclease H (RNase H) remains the only virally encoded enzymatic function not clinically validated as an antiviral target. 2-Hydroxyisoquinoline-1,3-dione (HID) is known to confer active site directed inhibition of divalent metal-dependent enzymatic functions, such as HIV RNase H, integrase (IN) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5B polymerase. We report herein the synthesis and biochemical evaluation of a few C-5, C-6 or C-7 substituted HID subtypes as HIV RNase H inhibitors. Our data indicate that while some of these subtypes inhibited both the RNase H and polymerase (pol) functions of RT, potent and selective RNase H inhibition was achieved with subtypes 8-9 as exemplified with compounds 8c and 9c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tang
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Sanjeev Kumar V Vernekar
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Yue-Lei Chen
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Lena Miller
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Andrew D Huber
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Nataliya Myshakina
- Department of Natural Science, Chatham University, 1 Woodland Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Stefan G Sarafianos
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Michael A Parniak
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Zhengqiang Wang
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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37
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Yan H, Bhattarai U, Guo ZF, Liang FS. Regulating miRNA-21 Biogenesis By Bifunctional Small Molecules. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:4987-4990. [PMID: 28287718 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b00610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We report a new strategy to regulate microRNAs (miRNAs) biogenesis by using bifunctional small molecules that consist of a pre-miRNA binding unit connected by a linker to a Dicer inhibiting unit. In this effort, fluorescence polarization-based screening was used to identify neomycin as a pre-miR-21 binding ligand. Although neomycin cannot inhibit miR-21 maturation, linking it to the RNase inhibitor 1 forms the bifunctional conjugate 7A, which inhibits the production of miR-21. We expect that this strategy will be applicable to design other molecules for miRNA regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico , 300 Terrace Street NE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Umesh Bhattarai
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico , 300 Terrace Street NE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Zhi-Fo Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico , 300 Terrace Street NE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Fu-Sen Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico , 300 Terrace Street NE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
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38
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Carcelli M, Rogolino D, Gatti A, Pala N, Corona A, Caredda A, Tramontano E, Pannecouque C, Naesens L, Esposito F. Chelation Motifs Affecting Metal-dependent Viral Enzymes: N'-acylhydrazone Ligands as Dual Target Inhibitors of HIV-1 Integrase and Reverse Transcriptase Ribonuclease H Domain. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:440. [PMID: 28373864 PMCID: PMC5357622 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, still represent a serious global health emergency. The chronic toxicity derived from the current anti-retroviral therapy limits the prolonged use of several antiretroviral agents, continuously requiring the discovery of new antiviral agents with innovative strategies of action. In particular, the development of single molecules targeting two proteins (dual inhibitors) is one of the current main goals in drug discovery. In this contest, metal-chelating molecules have been extensively explored as potential inhibitors of viral metal-dependent enzymes, resulting in some important classes of antiviral agents. Inhibition of HIV Integrase (IN) is, in this sense, paradigmatic. HIV-1 IN and Reverse Transcriptase-associated Ribonuclease H (RNase H) active sites show structural homologies, with the presence of two Mg(II) cofactors, hence it seems possible to inhibit both enzymes by means of chelating ligands with analogous structural features. Here we present a series of N′-acylhydrazone ligands with groups able to chelate the Mg(II) hard Lewis acid ions in the active sites of both the enzymes, resulting in dual inhibitors with micromolar and even nanomolar activities. The most interesting identified N′-acylhydrazone analog, compound 18, shows dual RNase H-IN inhibition and it is also able to inhibit viral replication in cell-based antiviral assays in the low micromolar range. Computational modeling studies were also conducted to explore the binding attitudes of some model ligands within the active site of both the enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Carcelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Parma Parma, Italy
| | - Dominga Rogolino
- Department of Chemistry, University of ParmaParma, Italy; Research Interuniversity Consortium Chemistry of Metals in Biological Systems Parma Unit, University of ParmaParma, Italy
| | - Anna Gatti
- Department of Chemistry, University of ParmaParma, Italy; Research Interuniversity Consortium Chemistry of Metals in Biological Systems Parma Unit, University of ParmaParma, Italy
| | - Nicolino Pala
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari Sassari, Italy
| | - Angela Corona
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessia Caredda
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato Cagliari, Italy
| | - Enzo Tramontano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di MonserratoCagliari, Italy; Genetics and Biomedical Research institute, National Research CouncilMonserrato, Italy
| | | | - Lieve Naesens
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francesca Esposito
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato Cagliari, Italy
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Korolev SP, Zatsepin TS, Gottikh MB. Oligonucleotide inhibitors of HIV-1 integrase efficiently inhibit HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162017020078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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40
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Synergistic Interactions between Hepatitis B Virus RNase H Antagonists and Other Inhibitors. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.02441-16. [PMID: 27956427 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02441-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination therapies are standard for management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections; however, no such therapies are established for human hepatitis B virus (HBV). Recently, we identified several promising inhibitors of HBV RNase H (here simply RNase H) activity that have significant activity against viral replication in vitro Here, we investigated the in vitro antiviral efficacy of combinations of two RNase H inhibitors with the current anti-HBV drug nucleoside analog lamivudine, with HAP12, an experimental core protein allosteric modulator, and with each other. Anti-HBV activities of the compounds were tested in a HepG2-derived cell line by monitoring intracellular core particle DNA levels, and cytotoxicity was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay. The antiviral efficiencies of the drug combinations were evaluated using the median-effect equation derived from the mass-action law principle and combination index theorem of Chou and Talalay. We found that combinations of two RNase H inhibitors from different chemical classes were synergistic with lamivudine against HBV DNA synthesis. Significant synergism was also observed for the combination of the two RNase H inhibitors. Combinations of RNase H inhibitors with HAP12 had additive antiviral effects. Enhanced cytotoxicity was not observed in the combination experiments. Because of these synergistic and additive effects, the antiviral activity of combinations of RNase H inhibitors with drugs that act by two different mechanisms and with each other can be achieved by administering the compounds in combination at doses below the respective single drug doses.
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41
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A systematic study on the use of different organocatalytic activation modes for asymmetric conjugated addition reactions of isoindolinones. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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42
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Korolev SP, Pustovarova MA, Starosotnikov AM, Bastrakov MA, Agapkina YY, Shevelev SA, Gottikh MB. [Nitrobenzofuroxane derivatives as dual action hiv-1 inhibitors]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2016; 62:725-728. [PMID: 28026819 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20166206725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus first type (HIV-1) is a main cause of one of the most dangerous diseases, AIDS. The search for new inhibitors of the virus still remains an urgent task. One approach to suppress the HIV infection is to use a double-acting inhibitors, i.e. inhibitors directed to two stages of the viral life cycle. The catalytic domain of HIV-1 integrase has a similar spatial organization with ribonuclease (RNase H) domain of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, and approach aimed to create HIV-1 integrase and RNase H double-acting is very promising. In this work we synthesized a series of 6-nitrobenzofuroxane derivatives and studied their ability to inhibit two viral enzymes - integrase and RNase H HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Korolev
- Belozeksky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - M A Pustovarova
- Belozeksky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - M A Bastrakov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yu Yu Agapkina
- Belozeksky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - S A Shevelev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - M B Gottikh
- Belozeksky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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43
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Xia XF, Zhu SL, Wang D, Liang YM. Sulfide and Sulfonyl Chloride as Sulfonylating Precursors for the Synthesis of Sulfone-Containing Isoquinolinonediones. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Xia
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology; Ministry of Education; School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 People's Republic of China
| | - Su-Li Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology; Ministry of Education; School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 People's Republic of China
| | - Dawei Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology; Ministry of Education; School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Min Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
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44
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Xia XF, Zhu SL, Liu JB, Wang D, Liang YM. Copper-Catalyzed Radical-Promoted Aminocyclization of Acrylamides with N-Fluorobenzenesulfonimide. J Org Chem 2016; 81:12482-12488. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Xia
- The
Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education,
School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Su-Li Zhu
- The
Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education,
School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jian-Biao Liu
- College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Dawei Wang
- The
Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education,
School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yong-Min Liang
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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45
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Kang D, Zhang H, Zhou Z, Huang B, Naesens L, Zhan P, Liu X. First discovery of novel 3-hydroxy-quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones as specific anti-vaccinia and adenovirus agents via 'privileged scaffold' refining approach. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:5182-5186. [PMID: 27742238 PMCID: PMC7126219 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of 1,2,3-triazolyl 3-hydroxy-quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones was constructed utilizing Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (CuAAC) method. The biological significance of the novel synthesized quinazolines was highlighted by evaluating them in vitro for antiviral activity, wherein several compounds exhibited excellent activity specifically against vaccinia and adenovirus. Especially, 24b11 displayed the most potent inhibitory activity against vaccinia with an EC50 value of 1.7μM, which was 15 fold than that of the reference drug Cidofovir (EC50=25μM). 24b13 was the most potent compound against adenovirus-2 with an EC50 value of 6.2μM, which proved lower than all the reference drugs. Preliminary structure-activity relationships were also discussed. To the best of our knowledge, no data are present in the literature on antiviral activity of 3-hydroxy-quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones against DNA-viruses. Thus, these findings warrant further investigations (library expansion and compound refinement) on this novel class of antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Ji'nan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Ji'nan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Zhongxia Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Ji'nan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Boshi Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Ji'nan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Lieve Naesens
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, K.U. Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Ji'nan, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Ji'nan, Shandong, PR China.
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46
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2-hydroxyisoquinoline-1,3(2H,4H)-diones (HIDs) as human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase inhibitors: Influence of the alkylcarboxamide substitution of position 4. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 117:256-68. [PMID: 27105029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.03.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report further insight into the biological activities displayed by the 2-hydroxyisoquinoline-1,3(2H,4H)-dione (HID) scaffold. Previous studies have evidenced the marked fruitful effect of substitution of this two-metal binding pharmacophore at position 4 by phenyl and benzyl carboxamido chains. Strong human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase (HIV-1 IN) inhibitors in the low nanomolar range with micromolar (even down to low nanomolar) anti-HIV activities were obtained. Keeping this essential 4-carboxamido function, we investigated the influence of the replacement of phenyl and benzyl groups by various alkyl chains. This study shows that the recurrent halogenobenzyl pharmacophore found in the INSTIs can be efficiently replaced by an n-alkyl group. With an optimal length of six carbons, we observed a biological profile and a high barrier to resistance equivalent to those of a previously reported hit compound bearing a 4-fluorobenzyl group.
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47
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Zheng X, Pedersen LC, Gabel SA, Mueller GA, DeRose EF, London RE. Unfolding the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase RNase H domain--how to lose a molecular tug-of-war. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:1776-88. [PMID: 26773054 PMCID: PMC4770237 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv1538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation of the mature HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) p66/p51 heterodimer requires subunit-specific processing of the p66/p66' homodimer precursor. Since the ribonuclease H (RH) domain contains an occult cleavage site located near its center, cleavage must occur either prior to folding or subsequent to unfolding. Recent NMR studies have identified a slow, subunit-specific RH domain unfolding process proposed to result from a residue tug-of-war between the polymerase and RH domains on the functionally inactive, p66' subunit. Here, we describe a structural comparison of the isolated RH domain with a domain swapped RH dimer that reveals several intrinsically destabilizing characteristics of the isolated domain that facilitate excursions of Tyr427 from its binding pocket and separation of helices B and D. These studies provide independent support for the subunit-selective RH domain unfolding pathway in which instability of the Tyr427 binding pocket facilitates its release followed by domain transfer, acting as a trigger for further RH domain destabilization and subsequent unfolding. As further support for this pathway, NMR studies demonstrate that addition of an RH active site-directed isoquinolone ligand retards the subunit-selective RH' domain unfolding behavior of the p66/p66' homodimer. This study demonstrates the feasibility of directly targeting RT maturation with therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunhai Zheng
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Lars C Pedersen
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Scott A Gabel
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Mueller
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Eugene F DeRose
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Robert E London
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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48
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Zhu SL, Zhou PX, Xia XF. Metal-free oxidative functionalization of C(sp3)–H of ketones and alcohols for the synthesis of isoquinolinonediones. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra12657j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A metal-free alkyl radical induced addition/cyclization reaction of acrylamide has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Li Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
| | - Ping-Xin Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Xinxiang Medical University
- Xinxiang
- China
| | - Xiao-Feng Xia
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
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49
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Xia XF, Zhu SL, Li Y, Wang H. Palladium-catalyzed radical cascade difluoroalkylation/cyclization of acrylamide with ethyl difluorobromoacetate. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra05744f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
An efficient Pd(0)-catalyzed radical cascade difluoroalkylation/cyclization of acrylamide with ethyl difluorobromoacetate was described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Xia
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
| | - Su-Li Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
| | - Yuan Li
- Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College
- Huaian
- China
| | - Haijun Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
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50
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Wu J, Gao Y, Zhao X, Zhang L, Chen W, Tang G, Zhao Y. Copper-catalyzed cycloaddition between hydrogen phosphonates and activated alkenes: synthesis of phosphonoisoquinolinediones. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra22570a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new and general method for the synthesis of phosphonoisoquinolinediones has been achieved through copper-catalyzed phosphonation–cyclization of various methacryloylbenzamides with P(O)H compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Wu
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
| | - Yuzhen Gao
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
| | - Liangliang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
| | - Weizhu Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
| | - Guo Tang
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
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