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Maccallini C, Budriesi R, De Filippis B, Amoroso R. Advancements in the Research of New Modulators of Nitric Oxide Synthases Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8486. [PMID: 39126054 PMCID: PMC11313090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has been defined as the "miracle molecule" due to its essential pleiotropic role in living systems. Besides its implications in physiologic functions, it is also involved in the development of several disease states, and understanding this ambivalence is crucial for medicinal chemists to develop therapeutic strategies that regulate NO production without compromising its beneficial functions in cell physiology. Although nitric oxide synthase (NOS), i.e., the enzyme deputed to the NO biosynthesis, is a well-recognized druggable target to regulate NO bioavailability, some issues have emerged during the past decades, limiting the progress of NOS modulators in clinical trials. In the present review, we discuss the most promising advancements in the research of small molecules that are able to regulate NOS activity with improved pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles, providing an updated framework of this research field that could be useful for the design and development of new NOS modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Maccallini
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (B.D.F.); (R.A.)
| | - Roberta Budriesi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Food Chemistry and Nutraceutical Lab, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Barbara De Filippis
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (B.D.F.); (R.A.)
| | - Rosa Amoroso
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (B.D.F.); (R.A.)
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2
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Paolucci T, Pino V, Elsallabi O, Gallorini M, Pozzato G, Pozzato A, Lanuti P, Reis VM, Pesce M, Pantalone A, Buda R, Patruno A. Quantum Molecular Resonance Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome/Nitrosative Stress and Promotes M1 to M2 Macrophage Polarization: Potential Therapeutic Effect in Osteoarthritis Model In Vitro. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1358. [PMID: 37507898 PMCID: PMC10376596 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Quantum Molecular Resonance (QMR) technology in an in vitro model of osteoarthritis-related inflammation. The study used THP-1-derived macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and hyaluronic acid fragments to induce the expression of inflammatory cytokines and nitrosative stress. QMR treatment inhibited COX-2 and iNOS protein expression and activity and reduced NF-κB activity. Furthermore, QMR treatment led to a significant reduction in peroxynitrite levels, reactive nitrogen species that can form during inflammatory conditions, and restored tyrosine nitration values to those similar to sham-exposed control cells. We also investigated the effect of QMR treatment on inflammasome activation and macrophage polarization in THP-1-derived macrophages. Results showed that QMR treatment significantly decreased NLRP3 and activated caspase-1 protein expression levels and downregulated IL-18 and IL-1β protein expression and secretion. Finally, our findings indicate that QMR treatment induces a switch in macrophage polarization from the M1 phenotype to the M2 phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Paolucci
- Department of Oral, Medical and Biotechnological Sciences, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University G. D'Annunzio, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Vanessa Pino
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Osama Elsallabi
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Marialucia Gallorini
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | - Paola Lanuti
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Victor Machado Reis
- Research Centre in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Mirko Pesce
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Andrea Pantalone
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Roberto Buda
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonia Patruno
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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3
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Budani MC, Gallorini M, Elsallabi O, Pino V, La Fratta I, Pesce M, Ricciotti E, Tiboni GM, Patruno A. Cigarette smoke is associated with up-regulation of inducible NOS and COX-2 protein expression and activity in granulosa cells of women undergoing in vitro fertilization. Reprod Toxicol 2022; 113:128-135. [PMID: 36049621 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke exposure represents a well-established ovotoxic exogenous stress, but the molecular mechanisms underlying of this effect are still unclear. Cigarette smoke upregulates inflammatory genes in the female reproductive organs, therefore an abnormal inflammation response may contribute to the impairment of female fertility. In this study we investigated for the first time the effect of cigarette smoke exposure on NOS and COX expression and activity and on their transcription factors (CREB and NF-kB) in human GCs and on the release of NO and PGE2 in the FF in smoking and non-smoking patients undergoing IVF treatment. In addition, correlation analysis between AMH serum levels, an index of ovarian reserve, and smoking exposure or iNOS and COX-2 protein expression levels were performed using a Pearson correlation method. Cigarette smoke exposure resulted in a significant increase of iNOS and COX-2 protein expression together with an increase of iNOS activity and PGE2 levels. pNF-kB and pCREB protein expression were upregulated in the GCs of smokers compared to non-smokers. The habit of smoking was negatively correlated with serum AMH levels, and positively correlated with iNOS and COX-2 protein expression levels. The data presented in the current study revealed a novel molecular mechanism underlying the toxic effects of cigarette smoke on fertility. Additional pathways mediating the effects of cigarette smoke exposure in human GCs cannot be excluded and should be investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Budani
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - M Gallorini
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - O Elsallabi
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - V Pino
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - I La Fratta
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University 'G. d'Annunzio' of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - M Pesce
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - E Ricciotti
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - G M Tiboni
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University 'G. d'Annunzio' of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - A Patruno
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
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Selective Inhibitors of the Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase as Modulators of Cell Responses in LPS-Stimulated Human Monocytes. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154419. [PMID: 34361571 PMCID: PMC8348305 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is a crucial enzyme involved in monocyte cell response towards inflammation, and it is responsible for the production of sustained amounts of nitric oxide. This free radical molecule is involved in the defense against pathogens; nevertheless, its continuous and dysregulated production contributes to the development of several pathological conditions, including inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In the present study, we investigated the effects of two new iNOS inhibitors, i.e., 4-(ethanimidoylamino)-N-(4-fluorophenyl)benzamide hydrobromide (FAB1020) and N-{3-[(ethanimidoylamino)methyl]benzyl}-l-prolinamidedihydrochloride (CM554), on human LPS-stimulated monocytes, using the 1400 W compound as a comparison. Our results show that CM544 and FAB1020 are selective and decrease cytotoxicity, IL-6 secretion and LPS-stimulated monocyte migration. Furthermore, the modulation of iNOS, nitrotyrosine and Nrf2 were analyzed at the protein level. Based on the collected preliminary results, the promising therapeutic value of the investigated compounds emerges, as they appear able to modulate the pro-inflammatory LPS-stimulated response in the low micromolar range in human monocytes.
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Tiboni GM, Ponzano A, Ferrone A, Franceschelli S, Speranza L, Patruno A. Valproic acid alters nitric oxide status in neurulating mouse embryos. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 99:152-159. [PMID: 33157224 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The molecular bases of the teratogenic effects elicited by valproic acid (VPA) are not fully defined. It was previously shown that inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis is associated with an enhancement of the teratogenic effects of VPA, while amplification of NO signal by sildenafil prompted a dose-dependent reduction of VPA-induced neural tube defects. In this study, for the first time, the effect of VPA on the NO synthesis was evaluated in mouse embryos during early organogenesis. On gestation day 8, ICR-CD1 mice received 600 mg/kg of VPA. Eight and 24 h later embryos were collected and analyzed for NO synthase (NOS) isoform expression, and for molecular mechanisms involved in their modulation. As main finding, in utero embryonic exposure to VPA determined a time-dependent shift of NOS isoforms expression, with a down regulated expression and activity of constitutive NOS (cNOS) and an increased expression and activity of inducible NOS (iNOS). The teratological relevance of this information remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Mario Tiboni
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti Pescara, Italy
| | - Adalisa Ponzano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASL 02 Lanciano-Vasto, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessio Ferrone
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti Pescara, Italy
| | - Sara Franceschelli
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti Pescara, Italy
| | - Lorenza Speranza
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti Pescara, Italy
| | - Antonia Patruno
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti Pescara, Italy.
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Maccallini C, Marinelli L, Indorf P, Cacciatore I, Fantacuzzi M, Clement B, Di Stefano A, Amoroso R. A Novel Prodrug of a nNOS Inhibitor with Improved Pharmacokinetic Potential. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:2157-2163. [PMID: 32783298 PMCID: PMC7756445 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Under different pathological conditions, aberrant induction of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) generates overproduction of NO that can cause irreversible cell damage. The aim of this study was to develop an amidoxime prodrug of a potent nNOS inhibitor, the benzhydryl acetamidine. We synthesized the benzhydryl acetamidoxime, which was evaluated in vitro to ascertain the potential NOS inhibitory activity, as well as conducting bioconversion into the parent acetamidine. The prodrug was also profiled for in vitro physicochemical properties, by determining the lipophilicity, passive permeation through the human gastrointestinal tract and across the blood-brain barrier by PAMPA, and chemical, enzymatic, and plasma stability. The obtained data demonstrate that the amidoxime prodrug shows an improved pharmacokinetic profile with respect to the acetamidine nNOS inhibitor, thus suggesting that it could be a promising lead compound to treat all those pathological conditions in which nNOS activity is dysregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Maccallini
- Department of PharmacyUniversity “G. d'Annunzio” of Chieti - Pescaravia dei Vestini 3166100ChietiItaly
| | - Lisa Marinelli
- Department of PharmacyUniversity “G. d'Annunzio” of Chieti - Pescaravia dei Vestini 3166100ChietiItaly
| | - Patrick Indorf
- Pharmaceutical InstituteUniversity of KielGutenbergstraße. 7624118KielGermany
| | - Ivana Cacciatore
- Department of PharmacyUniversity “G. d'Annunzio” of Chieti - Pescaravia dei Vestini 3166100ChietiItaly
| | - Marialuigia Fantacuzzi
- Department of PharmacyUniversity “G. d'Annunzio” of Chieti - Pescaravia dei Vestini 3166100ChietiItaly
| | - Bernd Clement
- Pharmaceutical InstituteUniversity of KielGutenbergstraße. 7624118KielGermany
| | - Antonio Di Stefano
- Department of PharmacyUniversity “G. d'Annunzio” of Chieti - Pescaravia dei Vestini 3166100ChietiItaly
| | - Rosa Amoroso
- Department of PharmacyUniversity “G. d'Annunzio” of Chieti - Pescaravia dei Vestini 3166100ChietiItaly
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Maccallini C, Arias F, Gallorini M, Amoia P, Ammazzalorso A, De Filippis B, Fantacuzzi M, Giampietro L, Cataldi A, Camacho ME, Amoroso R. Antiglioma Activity of Aryl and Amido-Aryl Acetamidine Derivatives Targeting iNOS: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:1470-1475. [PMID: 32676156 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide is an important inflammation mediator with a recognized role in the development of different cancers. Gliomas are primary tumors of the central nervous system with poor prognosis, and the expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase correlates with the degree of malignancy, changes in vascular reactivity, and neo-angiogenesis. Therefore, targeting the nitric oxide biosynthesis appears as a potential strategy to impair glioma progression. In the present work a set of aryl and amido-aryl acetamidine derivatives were synthesized to obtain new potent and selective inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitors with improved physicochemical parameters with respect to the previously published molecules. Compound 17 emerged as the most promising inhibitor and was evaluated on C6 rat glioma cell line, showing antiproliferative effects and high selectivity over astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Maccallini
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31-66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Fabio Arias
- Departamento de Química Farmacéutica y Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Marialucia Gallorini
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31-66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Pasquale Amoia
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31-66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ammazzalorso
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31-66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Barbara De Filippis
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31-66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Marialuigia Fantacuzzi
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31-66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Letizia Giampietro
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31-66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Amelia Cataldi
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31-66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - María Encarnación Camacho
- Departamento de Química Farmacéutica y Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Rosa Amoroso
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31-66100 Chieti, Italy
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Mittal A, Kakkar R. Nitric Oxide Synthases and Their Inhibitors: A Review. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180816666190222154457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nitric Oxide (NO), an important biological mediator, is involved in the regulation of the cardiovascular, nervous and immune systems in mammals. Synthesis of NO is catalyzed by its biosynthetic enzyme, Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS). There are three main isoforms of the enzyme, neuronal NOS, endothelial NOS and inducible NOS, which have very similar structures but differ in their expression and activities. NO is produced in the active site of the enzyme in two distinct cycles from oxidation of the substrate L-arg (L-arginine) in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-dependent reaction. NOS has gained considerable attention of biochemists due to its complexity and unique catalytic mechanism. The review focuses on NOS structure, its function and catalytic reaction mechanism. In particular, the review is concluded with a discussion on the role of all three isoforms of NOS in physiological and pathological conditions and their inhibitors with a focus on the role of computational techniques in their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshika Mittal
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Rita Kakkar
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
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Cinelli MA, Do HT, Miley GP, Silverman RB. Inducible nitric oxide synthase: Regulation, structure, and inhibition. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:158-189. [PMID: 31192483 PMCID: PMC6908786 DOI: 10.1002/med.21599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A considerable number of human diseases have an inflammatory component, and a key mediator of immune activation and inflammation is inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which produces nitric oxide (NO) from l-arginine. Overexpressed or dysregulated iNOS has been implicated in numerous pathologies including sepsis, cancer, neurodegeneration, and various types of pain. Extensive knowledge has been accumulated about the roles iNOS plays in different tissues and organs. Additionally, X-ray crystal and cryogenic electron microscopy structures have shed new insights on the structure and regulation of this enzyme. Many potent iNOS inhibitors with high selectivity over related NOS isoforms, neuronal NOS, and endothelial NOS, have been discovered, and these drugs have shown promise in animal models of endotoxemia, inflammatory and neuropathic pain, arthritis, and other disorders. A major issue in iNOS inhibitor development is that promising results in animal studies have not translated to humans; there are no iNOS inhibitors approved for human use. In addition to assay limitations, both the dual modalities of iNOS and NO in disease states (ie, protective vs harmful effects) and the different roles and localizations of NOS isoforms create challenges for therapeutic intervention. This review summarizes the structure, function, and regulation of iNOS, with focus on the development of iNOS inhibitors (historical and recent). A better understanding of iNOS' complex functions is necessary before specific drug candidates can be identified for classical indications such as sepsis, heart failure, and pain; however, newer promising indications for iNOS inhibition, such as depression, neurodegenerative disorders, and epilepsy, have been discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maris A. Cinelli
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
- Current address: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Ha T. Do
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
- Current address: Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Galen P. Miley
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Richard B. Silverman
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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10
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Minhas R, Bansal Y, Bansal G. Inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitors: A comprehensive update. Med Res Rev 2019; 40:823-855. [PMID: 31502681 DOI: 10.1002/med.21636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which is expressed in response to bacterial/proinflammatory stimuli, generates nitric oxide (NO) that provides cytoprotection. Overexpression of iNOS increases the levels of NO, and this increased NO level is implicated in pathophysiology of complex multifactorial diseases like Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Selective inhibition of iNOS is an effective approach in treatment of such complex diseases. l-Arginine, being a substrate for iNOS, is the natural lead to develop iNOS inhibitors. More than 200 research reports on development of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors by different research groups across the globe have appeared in literature so far. The first review on iNOS, in 2002, discussed the iNOS inhibitors under two classes that is, amino acid and non-amino acid derivatives. Other review articles discussing specific chemical classes of iNOS inhibitors also appeared during last decade. In the present review, all reports on both natural and synthetic iNOS inhibitors, published 2002 onwards, are studied, classified, and discussed to provide comprehensive information on iNOS inhibitors. The synthetic inhibitors are broadly classified into two categories that is, arginine and non-arginine analogs. The latter are further classified into amidines, five- or six-membered heterocyclics, fused cyclics, steroidal type, and chalcones analogs. Structures of the most/significantly potent compounds from each report are provided to know the functional groups important for incurring iNOS inhibitory activity and selectivity. This review is aimed to provide a comprehensive view to the medicinal chemists for rational designing of novel and potent iNOS inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Minhas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Yogita Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Gulshan Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
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11
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Maria Pia GD, Sara F, Mario F, Lorenza S. Biological Effects of Licochalcones. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:647-656. [PMID: 30049263 DOI: 10.2174/1389557518666180601095420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants and their natural bioactive molecules, are evaluated as the foundation for health preservation and care of humanity. The licorice root, known as "Radix Glycyrrhizae", is a perennial plant that comes from Mediterranean countries, central to southern Russia, Asia, Turkey, Iraq and Iran. The licorice root has been used in traditional Chinese medicines for centuries and has been defined as "the progenitor of herbs". The name 'Licorice' is derived from the ancient Greek word Glukurrhiza, meaning 'sweet root'. It consists of approximately 30 species, however, the most common ones consist of Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch and Glycyrrhiza Inflata. In addition, the licorice root contains chalcones, which are a part of an important class of natural products and are precursors of flavonoids. Chemically, chalcones are composed of two aromatic rings associated with α, β-unsaturated α-carbon ketone, representing the prima nucleus of the structure. They have been classified, according to chemical structures, in Licochalcone A, B, C, D, E, F and G. This review aims to highlight all the in vitro and in vivo studies that have been conducted on the licochalcones, extracted from Glycyrrhiza species. The main effects are as follows: anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, antiviral, antiallergic, antidiabetic, hepatotoxic and osteogenic. It is important to implement the introduction of biologically active natural molecules from the bench (research) to the bedside (clinical practice). However, in the future, it is required to conduct additional studies to validate these biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gatta Daniela Maria Pia
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Franceschelli Sara
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Felaco Mario
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Speranza Lorenza
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti 66100, Italy
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12
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Comprehensive screening and identification of natural inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitors from Radix Ophiopogonis by off-line multi-hyphenated analyses. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1592:55-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Xie D, He W, Xiao J, Wu Y, Guo Y, Liu Q, Guo C. Direct synthesis of 2-oxo-acetamidines from methyl ketones, aromatic amines and DMF via copper-catalyzed C(sp 3)-H amidination. RSC Adv 2019; 9:7203-7209. [PMID: 35519951 PMCID: PMC9061129 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00616h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A convenient method for the synthesis of 2-oxo-acetamidines from methyl ketones using aromatic amines and DMF as nitrogen sources is reported via copper-catalyzed C(sp3)-H amidination. Various methyl ketones react readily with aromatic amines and DMF, producing 2-oxo-acetamidines in yields of 47 to 92%. This protocol features the simultaneous formation of C-N and C[double bond, length as m-dash]N bonds using DMF and aromatic amines as two different nitrogen sources. It thus provides an efficient approach to construct acyclic amidines via three C(sp3)-H bond amidination. Based on the preliminary experiments, a plausible mechanism of this transformation is disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianke Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Wei He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Jiang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Yao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Yongjia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Cancheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
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14
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Palumbo P, Lombardi F, Siragusa G, Dehcordi SR, Luzzi S, Cimini A, Cifone MG, Cinque B. Involvement of NOS2 Activity on Human Glioma Cell Growth, Clonogenic Potential, and Neurosphere Generation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092801. [PMID: 30227679 PMCID: PMC6165034 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) expression has been suggested as an interesting therapeutic target that is being implicated as a component of the molecular profile of several human malignant tumors, including glioblastoma, which is the most aggressive brain tumor with limited therapeutic options and poor prognosis. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of 1400W, a specific NOS2 inhibitor, on human glioma cells in terms of clonogenic potential, proliferation, migration rate, and neurosphere generation ability. NOS2 expression was determined by Western blotting. Nitric oxide (NO) production was measured through nitrite level determination. The trypan blue exclusion test and the plate colony formation assay were performed to evaluate cell proliferation and clonogenic potential. Cell proliferation and migration ability was assessed by the in vitro wound-healing assay. Neurosphere generation in a specific stemcell medium was investigated. NOS2 was confirmed to be expressed in both the glioma cell line and a human glioma primary culture, and overexpressed in relative derived neurospheres. Experiments that aimed to evaluate the influence of 1400W on U-87 MG, T98G (glioblastoma cell lines) and primary glioma cells sustained the crucial role played by NOS2 in proliferation, colony formation, migration, and neurosphere generation, thus supporting the emerging relevance of a NOS2/NO system as a prognostic factor for glioma malignancy and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Palumbo
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Building Delta 6, Coppito, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Francesca Lombardi
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Building Delta 6, Coppito, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Siragusa
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Building Delta 6, Coppito, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | | | - Sabino Luzzi
- Operative Unit of Neurosurgery, San Salvatore Hospital, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - AnnaMaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Building Delta 6, Coppito, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
| | - Maria Grazia Cifone
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Building Delta 6, Coppito, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Benedetta Cinque
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Building Delta 6, Coppito, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
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15
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Maccallini C, Di Matteo M, Gallorini M, Montagnani M, Graziani V, Ammazzalorso A, Amoia P, De Filippis B, Di Silvestre S, Fantacuzzi M, Giampietro L, Potenza MA, Re N, Pandolfi A, Cataldi A, Amoroso R. Discovery of N-{3-[(ethanimidoylamino)methyl]benzyl}-l-prolinamide dihydrochloride: A new potent and selective inhibitor of the inducible nitric oxide synthase as a promising agent for the therapy of malignant glioma. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 152:53-64. [PMID: 29689474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In mammalian cells, aberrant iNOS induction may have detrimental consequences, and seems to be involved in the proliferation and progression of different tumors, such as malignant gliomas. Therefore, selective inhibition of iNOS could represent a feasible therapeutic strategy to treat these conditions. In this context, we have previously disclosed new acetamidines able to inhibit iNOS with a very high selectivity profile over eNOS or nNOS. Here we report the synthesis of a new series of compounds structurally related to the leading scaffold of N-[(3-aminomethyl)benzyl] acetamidine (1400 W), together with their in vitro activity and selectivity. Compound 39 emerged as the most promising molecule of this series, and it was ex vivo evaluated on isolated and perfused resistance arteries, confirming a high selectivity toward iNOS inhibition. Moreover, C6 rat glioma cell lines biological response to 39 was investigated, and preliminary MTT assay showed a significant decrease in cell metabolic activity of C6 rat glioma cells. Finally, results of a docking study shed light on the binding mode of 39 into NOS catalytic site.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mauro Di Matteo
- Department of Pharmacy - University of Chieti "G. d'Annunzio", Italy
| | | | - Monica Montagnani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Medical School - University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Italy
| | | | | | - Pasquale Amoia
- Department of Pharmacy - University of Chieti "G. d'Annunzio", Italy
| | | | - Sara Di Silvestre
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale (Ce.SI-MeT), University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria A Potenza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Medical School - University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Italy
| | - Nazzareno Re
- Department of Pharmacy - University of Chieti "G. d'Annunzio", Italy
| | - Assunta Pandolfi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale (Ce.SI-MeT), University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Amelia Cataldi
- Department of Pharmacy - University of Chieti "G. d'Annunzio", Italy
| | - Rosa Amoroso
- Department of Pharmacy - University of Chieti "G. d'Annunzio", Italy
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16
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Franceschelli S, Gatta DMP, Pesce M, Ferrone A, Di Martino G, Di Nicola M, De Lutiis MA, Vitacolonna E, Patruno A, Grilli A, Felaco M, Speranza L. Modulation of the oxidative plasmatic state in gastroesophageal reflux disease with the addition of rich water molecular hydrogen: A new biological vision. J Cell Mol Med 2018. [PMID: 29512923 PMCID: PMC5908129 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a clinical condition characterized by reflux of gastroduodenal contents in the oesophagus, has proved to demonstrate a strong link between oxidative stress and the development of GERD. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have been universally accepted as first-line therapy for management of GERD. The potential benefits of electrolysed reduced water (ERW), rich in molecular hydrogen, in improving symptoms and systemic oxidative stress associated with GERD was assessed. The study was performed on 84 GERD patients undergoing control treatment (PPI + tap water) or experimental treatment (PPI + ERW) for 3 months. These patients were subjected to the GERD-Health Related Quality of Life Questionnaire as well as derivatives reactive oxigen metabolites (d-ROMs) test, biological antioxidant potential (BAP) test, superoxide anion, nitric oxide and malondialdehyde assays, which were all performed as a proxy for the oxidative/nitrosative stress and the antioxidant potential status. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between scores and laboratory parameters. Overall results demonstrated that an optimal oxidative balance can be restored and GERD symptoms can be reduced rapidly via the integration of ERW in GERD patients. The relative variation of heartburn and regurgitation score was significantly correlated with laboratory parameters. Thus, in the selected patients, combination treatment with PPI and ERW improves the cellular redox state leading to the improvement of the quality of life as demonstrated by the correlation analysis between laboratory parameters and GERD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Franceschelli
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. D' Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Mirko Pesce
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University "G. D' Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessio Ferrone
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. D' Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Martino
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. D' Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Marta Di Nicola
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. D' Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Anna De Lutiis
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. D' Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Ester Vitacolonna
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. D' Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonia Patruno
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. D' Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Alfredo Grilli
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University "G. D' Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Mario Felaco
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. D' Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Lorenza Speranza
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. D' Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
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17
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Linciano P, Ammazzalorso A, De Filippis B, Fantacuzzi M, Giampietro L, Maccallini C, Amoroso R. Geometric Isomerism of an Acetamidino Derivative Determined by NMR Investigations. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Linciano
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; via G. Campi 287 41125 Modena Italy
| | | | - Barbara De Filippis
- Department of Pharmacy; University “G. d'Annunzio”; via dei Vestini 31 66100 Chieti Italy
| | - Marialuigia Fantacuzzi
- Department of Pharmacy; University “G. d'Annunzio”; via dei Vestini 31 66100 Chieti Italy
| | - Letizia Giampietro
- Department of Pharmacy; University “G. d'Annunzio”; via dei Vestini 31 66100 Chieti Italy
| | - Cristina Maccallini
- Department of Pharmacy; University “G. d'Annunzio”; via dei Vestini 31 66100 Chieti Italy
| | - Rosa Amoroso
- Department of Pharmacy; University “G. d'Annunzio”; via dei Vestini 31 66100 Chieti Italy
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18
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Chen C, Zhu M, Jiang L, Zeng Z, Yi N, Xiang J. Copper-catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling of α-aminocarbonyl compounds with primary amines toward 2-oxo-acetamidines. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:8134-8139. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02012k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A general and mild method for the construction of a carbon–nitrogen bond via copper-catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling of amines with α-aminocarbonyl compounds was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha
- P. R. China
| | - Menghua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha
- P. R. China
| | - Lihui Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- P. R. China
| | - Zebing Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha
- P. R. China
| | - Niannian Yi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan Institute of Engineering
- Xiangtan
- P. R. China
| | - Jiannan Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha
- P. R. China
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19
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Corbin WC, Nichol GS, Zheng Z. Amidine Production by the Addition of NH 3 to Nitrile(s) Bound to and Activated by the Lewis Acidic [Re 6(μ 3-Se) 8] 2+ Cluster Core. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:9505-9508. [PMID: 27635439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Acetonitrile bound to and activated by the Lewis acidic [Re6(μ3-Se)8]2+ cluster core was transformed into acetamidine in quantitative yield using NH3 as the nucleophile at room temperature. The amidine ligand was removed by treating the cluster-acetamidine complexes with trifluoroacetic acid in CH3CN, affording amidinium trifluoroacetate and the starting acetonitrile complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Corbin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Gary S Nichol
- School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh , David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Zhiping Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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20
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Franceschelli S, Pesce M, Ferrone A, Patruno A, Pasqualone L, Carlucci G, Ferrone V, Carlucci M, de Lutiis MA, Grilli A, Felaco M, Speranza L. A Novel Biological Role of α-Mangostin in Modulating Inflammatory Response Through the Activation of SIRT-1 Signaling Pathway. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:2439-51. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Franceschelli
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging; University G. D'Annunzio; Chieti Italy
| | - Mirko Pesce
- Medicine and Health Science School University G. D'Annunzio; Chieti Italy
| | - Alessio Ferrone
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging; University G. D'Annunzio; Chieti Italy
| | - Antonia Patruno
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging; University G. D'Annunzio; Chieti Italy
| | - Livia Pasqualone
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging; University G. D'Annunzio; Chieti Italy
| | | | | | - Maura Carlucci
- Department of Pharmacy; University G. D'Annunzio; Chieti Italy
| | - Maria Anna de Lutiis
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging; University G. D'Annunzio; Chieti Italy
| | - Alfredo Grilli
- Medicine and Health Science School University G. D'Annunzio; Chieti Italy
| | - Mario Felaco
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging; University G. D'Annunzio; Chieti Italy
| | - Lorenza Speranza
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging; University G. D'Annunzio; Chieti Italy
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21
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Screening of NOS activity and selectivity of newly synthesized acetamidines using RP-HPLC. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 120:419-24. [PMID: 26689740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) inhibitors could play a powerful role in inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. In this work, novel acetamidine derivatives of NOS were synthesized and the inhibitor activity was evalued. To screen the activity and selectivity, the l-citrulline residue, after the enzymatic NOS assay, was derivatized with o-phthaldialdehyde/N-acetyl cysteine (OPA/NAC) and then evaluated by RP-HPLC method with fluorescence detection. All compounds did not affect the activity of endothelial and neuronal isoforms, while nine of them possessed a percentage of iNOS activity at 10μM lower than 50%, and were selected for IC50 evaluation. Among them, a compound emerged as a very potent (IC50 of 53nM) and selective iNOS inhibitor.
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22
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Maccallini C, Montagnani M, Paciotti R, Ammazzalorso A, De Filippis B, Di Matteo M, Di Silvestre S, Fantacuzzi M, Giampietro L, Potenza MA, Re N, Pandolfi A, Amoroso R. Selective Acetamidine-Based Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors: Synthesis, Docking, and Biological Studies. ACS Med Chem Lett 2015; 6:635-40. [PMID: 26101565 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
N-[(3-Aminomethyl)benzyl]acetamidine derivatives were synthesized and in vitro evaluated as inhibitors of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Because of the high potency of action and the excellent selectivity over the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), compound 10 was ex vivo evaluated on isolated and perfused resistance arteries. The results confirm that compound 10 selectively inhibits the iNOS, without affecting the endothelial isoform. The outcome of the docking studies showed that the hydrophobic interaction is the driving force of the binding process, especially for iNOS, where the binding pocket is characterized by a significant lipophilic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Maccallini
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Chieti “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Monica Montagnani
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Medical School, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Roberto Paciotti
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Chieti “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Barbara De Filippis
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Chieti “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Mauro Di Matteo
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Chieti “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Sara Di Silvestre
- Department
of Medical, Oral and Biotecnological Sciences, University “G.
d’Annunzio” Aging Research Center, “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, 66100 Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | | | - Letizia Giampietro
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Chieti “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria A. Potenza
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Medical School, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Nazzareno Re
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Chieti “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Assunta Pandolfi
- Department
of Medical, Oral and Biotecnological Sciences, University “G.
d’Annunzio” Aging Research Center, “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, 66100 Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Rosa Amoroso
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Chieti “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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23
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Pesce M, Franceschelli S, Ferrone A, De Lutiis MA, Patruno A, Grilli A, Felaco M, Speranza L. Verbascoside down-regulates some pro-inflammatory signal transduction pathways by increasing the activity of tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 in the U937 cell line. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:1548-56. [PMID: 25807993 PMCID: PMC4511353 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are the major components of many traditional herbal remedies, which exhibit several beneficial effects including anti-inflammation and antioxidant properties. Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) is a redox sensitive protein tyrosine phosphatase that negatively influences downstream signalling molecules, such as mitogen-activated protein kinases, thereby inhibiting inflammatory signalling induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Because a role of transforming growth factor β-activated kinase-1 (TAK1) in the upstream regulation of JNK molecule has been well demonstrated, we conjectured that SHP-1 could mediate the anti-inflammatory effect of verbascoside through the regulation of TAK-1/JNK/AP-1 signalling in the U937 cell line. Our results demonstrate that verbascoside increased the phosphorylation of SHP-1, by attenuating the activation of TAK-1/JNK/AP-1 signalling. This leads to a reduction in the expression and activity of both COX and NOS. Moreover, SHP-1 depletion deletes verbascoside inhibitory effects on pro-inflammatory molecules induced by LPS. Our data confirm that SHP-1 plays a critical role in restoring the physiological mechanisms of inducible proteins such as COX2 and iNOS, and that the down-regulation of TAK-1/JNK/AP-1 signalling by targeting SHP-1 should be considered as a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Pesce
- Department of Psychological, Humanistic and Territorial Sciences, University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sara Franceschelli
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessio Ferrone
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Anna De Lutiis
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonia Patruno
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alfredo Grilli
- Department of Psychological, Humanistic and Territorial Sciences, University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mario Felaco
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Lorenza Speranza
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
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24
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Maccallini C, Di Matteo M, Ammazzalorso A, D'Angelo A, De Filippis B, Di Silvestre S, Fantacuzzi M, Giampietro L, Pandolfi A, Amoroso R. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method with fluorescence detection to screen nitric oxide synthases inhibitors. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:1380-5. [PMID: 24687974 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors are potential drug candidates due to the critical role of an excessive production of nitric oxide in a range of diseases. At present, the radiometric detection of L-[(3)H]-citrulline produced from L-[(3)H]-arginine during the enzymatic reaction is one of the most accepted methods to assess the in vitro activity of NOS inhibitors. Here we report a fast, easy, and cheap reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method with fluorescence detection, based on the precolumn derivatization of L-citrulline with o-phthaldialdehyde/N-acetyl cysteine, for the in vitro screening of NOS inhibitors. To evaluate enzyme inhibition by the developed method, N-[3-(aminomethyl)benzyl]acetamidine, a potent and selective inhibitor of inducible NOS, was used as a test compound. The half maximal inhibitory concentration obtained was comparable to that derived by the well-established radiometric assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Maccallini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
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25
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Theoretical studies on the binding of rhenium(I) complexes to inducible nitric oxide synthase. J Mol Graph Model 2013; 45:13-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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26
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Fantacuzzi M, Maccallini C, Lannutti F, Patruno A, Masella S, Pesce M, Speranza L, Ammazzalorso A, De Filippis B, Giampietro L, Re N, Amoroso R. Selective inhibition of iNOS by benzyl- and dibenzyl derivatives of N-(3-aminobenzyl)acetamidine. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:1203-6. [PMID: 21567968 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201100125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marialuigia Fantacuzzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi G. d'Annunzio via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Teng P, Liu HL, Deng ZS, Shi ZB, He YM, Feng LL, Xu Q, Li JX. Synthesis and biological evaluation of unique stereodimers of sinomenine analogues as potential inhibitors of NO production. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:3096-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Revised: 04/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Maccallini C, Patruno A, Lannutti F, Ammazzalorso A, De Filippis B, Fantacuzzi M, Franceschelli S, Giampietro L, Masella S, Felaco M, Re N, Amoroso R. N-Substituted acetamidines and 2-methylimidazole derivatives as selective inhibitors of neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:6495-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2010] [Revised: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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