1
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Riesco-Llach G, Planas M, Feliu L, Joule JA. 2(1 H)-Pyrazinones from acyclic building blocks: methods of synthesis and further derivatizations. RSC Adv 2023; 13:1162-1184. [PMID: 36686909 PMCID: PMC9811941 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07227k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrazinones (2(1H)-pyrazinones) are found as components of a range of natural substances and are involved in the preparation of a great number of bioactive molecules. Synthesis of such compounds, and analogues, requires knowledge of the heterocyclic properties of pyrazinones and, in particular, methods for their ring construction. This review deals with the strategies that have been developed for the synthesis of pyrazinones from acyclic precursors, especially α-amino acid-derived units, from the first examples in 1905 up to the most recent in 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Riesco-Llach
- LIPPSO, Department of Chemistry, Universitat de Girona Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 Girona 17003 Spain
| | - Marta Planas
- LIPPSO, Department of Chemistry, Universitat de Girona Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 Girona 17003 Spain
| | - Lidia Feliu
- LIPPSO, Department of Chemistry, Universitat de Girona Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 Girona 17003 Spain
| | - John A Joule
- The School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
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2
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Lv Y, Wen J, Fang Y, Zhang H, Zhang J. Corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 (CRF-R1) antagonists: Promising agents to prevent visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome. Peptides 2022; 147:170705. [PMID: 34822913 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is a 41-amino acid polypeptide that coordinates the endocrine system, autonomic nervous system, immune system, and physiological behavior. CRF is a signaling regulator in the neuro-endocrine-immune (NEI) network that mediates visceral hypersensitivity. Rodent models to simulate changes in intestinal motility similar to those reported in the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), demonstrate that the CRF receptor 1 (CRF-R1) mediates intestinal hypersensitivity under many conditions. However, the translation of preclinical studies into clinical trials has not been successful possibly due to the lack of sufficient understanding of the multiple variants of CRF-R1 and CRF-R1 antagonists. Investigating the sites of action of central and peripheral CRF is critical for accelerating the translation from preclinical to clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxia Lv
- School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, China.
| | - Jing Wen
- School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, China.
| | - Yingying Fang
- School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, China.
| | - Haoyuan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, China.
| | - Jianwu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, China.
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3
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Hartz RA, Vrudhula VM, Ahuja VT, Grace JE, Lodge NJ, Bronson JJ, Macor JE. Synthesis and evaluation of prodrugs of corticotropin-releasing factor-1 (CRF 1) receptor antagonist BMS-665053 leading to improved oral bioavailability. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:1360-1363. [PMID: 28223020 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of phosphate and ester-based prodrugs of anilinopyrazinone 1 (BMS-665053) containing either a methylene or an (acyloxy)alkoxy linker was prepared and evaluated in rat pharmacokinetic studies with the goal of improving the oral bioavailability of the parent (1). The prodrugs, in general, had improved aqueous solubility and oral bioavailability compared to 1. Prodrug 12, which contains an (acyloxy)alkoxy linker, showed the greatest improvement in the oral bioavailability relative to the parent (1), with a seven-fold increase (from 5% to 36%) in rat pharmacokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Hartz
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA.
| | - Vivekananda M Vrudhula
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
| | - Vijay T Ahuja
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
| | - James E Grace
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
| | - Nicholas J Lodge
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
| | - Joanne J Bronson
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
| | - John E Macor
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
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4
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Ahuja VT, Hartz RA, Molski TF, Mattson GK, Lentz KA, Grace JE, Lodge NJ, Bronson JJ, Macor JE. Synthesis and evaluation of carbamate and aryl ether substituted pyrazinones as corticotropin releasing factor-1 (CRF1) receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2184-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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5
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Long J, Lee WS, Chough C, Bae IH, Kim BM. Synthesis toward CRHR1 Antagonists through 2,7-Dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-α][1,3,5]triazin-4(3H)-one C–H Arylation. J Org Chem 2015; 80:4716-21. [DOI: 10.1021/jo502894r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinghai Long
- Department
of Chemistry,
College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong-Sup Lee
- Department
of Chemistry,
College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Chieyeon Chough
- Department
of Chemistry,
College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Hak Bae
- Department
of Chemistry,
College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
| | - B. Moon Kim
- Department
of Chemistry,
College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
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6
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Denhart DJ, Zuev D, Ditta JL, Hartz RA, Ahuja VT, Mattson RJ, Huang H, Mattson GK, Zueva L, Nielsen JM, Kozlowski ES, Lodge NJ, Bronson JJ, Macor JE. Potential CRF1R PET imaging agents: 1-fluoroalkylsubstituted 5-halo-3-(arylamino)pyrazin-2(1H)-ones. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:2052-5. [PMID: 23465610 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of pyrazinones were prepared and evaluated as potential CRF(1)R PET imaging agents. Optimization of their CRF(1)R binding potencies and octanol-phosphate buffer phase distribution coefficients are discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek J Denhart
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA.
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7
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Zheng N, Buzescu A, Pasas-Farmer S, Arnold ME, Ouyang Z, Jemal M, Peng Q, Van Vleet T, Zeng J. A simplified and completely automated workflow for regulated LC–MS/MS bioanalysis using cap-piercing direct sampling and evaporation-free solid phase extraction. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 921-922:64-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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8
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Dutt R, Madan AK. Predicting biological activity: computational approach using novel distance based molecular descriptors. Comput Biol Med 2012; 42:1026-41. [PMID: 22964398 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 07/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Four novel distance based molecular descriptors termed as superpendentic eccentric distance sum indices 1-4 (denoted by:∫P-1EDS, ∫P-2EDS, ∫P-3EDS and ∫P-4EDS) as well as their topochemical counterparts (denoted by:∫cP-1EDS, ∫cP-2EDS, ∫cP-3EDS and ∫cP-4EDS) have been conceptualized and developed in the present study. The sensitivity towards branching, discriminating power, and degeneracy of the proposed novel descriptors were investigated. Utility of these indices was investigated for development of models through decision tree and moving average analysis for the prediction of human corticotropin releasing factor-1 receptor binding affinity of substituted pyrazines. A wide variety of 46 2D and 3D molecular descriptors including proposed indices was employed for development of models through decision tree and moving average analysis. The calculation of most of these descriptors for each compound of the dataset was performed using online E-Dragon software (version 1.0). An in-house computer programme was also employed to calculate additional topological descriptors which did not figure in E-Dragon software. The decision tree classified and correctly predicted the input data with an impressive accuracy of 92% in the training set and 71% during cross-validation. A total of three descriptors, identified by decision tree, were subsequently utilized for development of suitable models using moving average analysis. These models predicted human corticotropin releasing factor-1 receptor binding affinity with an accuracy of ≥85%. The statistical significance of models was assessed through sensitivity, specificity and Matthew's correlation coefficient. High discriminating power, high sensitivity towards branching amalgamated with negligible degeneracy offer proposed descriptors a vast potential for use in the quantitative structure-activity/property/toxicity relationships so as to facilitate drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dutt
- Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamunanagar-135001, India
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9
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Deskus JA, Dischino DD, Mattson RJ, Ditta JL, Parker MF, Denhart DJ, Zuev D, Huang H, Hartz RA, Ahuja VT, Wong H, Mattson GK, Molski TF, Grace JE, Zueva L, Nielsen JM, Dulac H, Li YW, Guaraldi M, Azure M, Onthank D, Hayes M, Wexler E, McDonald J, Lodge NJ, Bronson JJ, Macor JE. [18F](R)-5-chloro-1-(1-cyclopropyl-2-methoxyethyl)-3-(4-(2-fluoroethoxy)-2,5-dimethyl phenylamino)pyrazin-2(1H)-one: introduction of N3-phenylpyrazinones as potential CRF-R1 PET imaging agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:6651-5. [PMID: 23010264 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.08.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Based on a favorable balance between CRF-R1 affinity, lipophilicity and metabolic stability, compound 10 was evaluated for potential development as PET radioligand. Compound [(18)F]10 was prepared with high radiochemical purity and showed promising binding properties in rat brain imaging experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Deskus
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA.
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10
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Dzierba CD, Sielecki TM, Arvanitis AG, Galka A, Johnson TL, Takvorian AG, Rafalski M, Kasireddy-Polam P, Vig S, Dasgupta B, Zhang G, Molski TF, Wong H, Zaczek RC, Lodge NJ, Combs AP, Gilligan PJ, Trainor GL, Bronson JJ, Macor JE. Synthesis and structure–activity relationships of pyrido[3,2-b]pyrazin-3(4H)-ones and pteridin-7(8H)-ones as corticotropin-releasing factor-1 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:4986-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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11
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Pharmacophore Modelling and 3D-QSAR Studies on N(3)-Phenylpyrazinones as Corticotropin-Releasing Factor 1 Receptor Antagonists. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2012; 2012:452325. [PMID: 25984369 PMCID: PMC4423530 DOI: 10.1155/2012/452325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacophore modelling-based virtual screening of compound is a ligand-based approach and is useful when the 3D structure of target is not available but a few known active compounds are known. Pharmacophore mapping studies were undertaken for a set of 50 N(3)-phenylpyrazinones possessing Corticotropin-releasing Factor 1 (CRF 1) antagonistic activity. Six point pharmacophores with two hydrogen bond acceptors, one hydrogen bond donor, two hydrophobic regions, and one aromatic ring as pharmacophoric features were developed. Amongst them the pharmacophore hypothesis AADHHR.47 yielded a statistically significant 3D-QSAR model with 0.803 as R (2) value and was considered to be the best pharmacophore hypothesis. The developed pharmacophore model was externally validated by predicting the activity of test set molecules. The squared predictive correlation coefficient of 0.91 was observed between experimental and predicted activity values of test set molecules. The geometry and features of pharmacophore were expected to be useful for the design of selective CRF 1 receptor antagonists.
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- David J St Jean
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen, Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
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13
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Synthesis and in vitro antimycobacterial activity of compounds derived from (R)- and (S)-2-amino-1-butanol – The crucial role of the configuration. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 48:45-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 11/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Qian-Cutrone J, Hartz R, Ahuja VT, Vrudhula VM, Wu DR, Dalterio RA, Wang-Iverson D, Bronson JJ. Chiral separation of potent corticotropin-releasing factor-1 receptor antagonists by supercritical fluid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 54:602-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Revised: 09/18/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Ronan PJ, Summers CH. Molecular Signaling and Translational Significance of the Corticotropin Releasing Factor System. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2011; 98:235-92. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385506-0.00006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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16
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Whelligan DK, Solanki S, Taylor D, Thomson DW, Cheung KMJ, Boxall K, Mas-Droux C, Barillari C, Burns S, Grummitt CG, Collins I, van Montfort RLM, Aherne GW, Bayliss R, Hoelder S. Aminopyrazine inhibitors binding to an unusual inactive conformation of the mitotic kinase Nek2: SAR and structural characterization. J Med Chem 2010; 53:7682-98. [PMID: 20936789 PMCID: PMC2972649 DOI: 10.1021/jm1008727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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We report herein the first systematic exploration of inhibitors of the mitotic kinase Nek2. Starting from HTS hit aminopyrazine 2, compounds with improved activity were identified using structure-based design. Our structural biology investigations reveal two notable observations. First, 2 and related compounds bind to an unusual, inactive conformation of the kinase which to the best of our knowledge has not been reported for other types of kinase inhibitors. Second, a phenylalanine residue at the center of the ATP pocket strongly affects the ability of the inhibitor to bind to the protein. The implications of these observations are discussed, and the work described here defines key features for potent and selective Nek2 inhibition, which will aid the identification of more advanced inhibitors of Nek2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K Whelligan
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
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17
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Xia J, Zhuo C, You S. Synthesis of Cyclopropane-containing Building Blocks via Ir-Catalyzed Enantioselective Allylic Substitution Reaction. CHINESE J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201090259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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18
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Leahy DK, Li J, Sausker JB, Zhu J, Fitzgerald MA, Lai C, Buono FG, Braem A, de Mas N, Manaloto Z, Lo E, Merkl W, Su BN, Gao Q, Ng AT, Hartz RA. Development of an Efficient Synthesis of Two CRF Antagonists for the Treatment of Neurological Disorders. Org Process Res Dev 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/op1001512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David K. Leahy
- Process Research and Development and Analytical Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, U.S.A., and Analytical Research and Development and Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, U.S.A
| | - Jun Li
- Process Research and Development and Analytical Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, U.S.A., and Analytical Research and Development and Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, U.S.A
| | - Justin B. Sausker
- Process Research and Development and Analytical Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, U.S.A., and Analytical Research and Development and Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, U.S.A
| | - Jason Zhu
- Process Research and Development and Analytical Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, U.S.A., and Analytical Research and Development and Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, U.S.A
| | - Monica A. Fitzgerald
- Process Research and Development and Analytical Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, U.S.A., and Analytical Research and Development and Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, U.S.A
| | - Chiajen Lai
- Process Research and Development and Analytical Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, U.S.A., and Analytical Research and Development and Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, U.S.A
| | - Frederic G. Buono
- Process Research and Development and Analytical Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, U.S.A., and Analytical Research and Development and Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, U.S.A
| | - Alan Braem
- Process Research and Development and Analytical Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, U.S.A., and Analytical Research and Development and Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, U.S.A
| | - Nuria de Mas
- Process Research and Development and Analytical Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, U.S.A., and Analytical Research and Development and Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, U.S.A
| | - Zerene Manaloto
- Process Research and Development and Analytical Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, U.S.A., and Analytical Research and Development and Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, U.S.A
| | - Ehrlic Lo
- Process Research and Development and Analytical Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, U.S.A., and Analytical Research and Development and Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, U.S.A
| | - William Merkl
- Process Research and Development and Analytical Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, U.S.A., and Analytical Research and Development and Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, U.S.A
| | - Bao-Ning Su
- Process Research and Development and Analytical Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, U.S.A., and Analytical Research and Development and Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, U.S.A
| | - Qi Gao
- Process Research and Development and Analytical Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, U.S.A., and Analytical Research and Development and Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, U.S.A
| | - Alicia T. Ng
- Process Research and Development and Analytical Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, U.S.A., and Analytical Research and Development and Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, U.S.A
| | - Richard A. Hartz
- Process Research and Development and Analytical Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, U.S.A., and Analytical Research and Development and Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, U.S.A
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19
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5-Arylamino-1,2,4-triazin-6(1H)-one CRF1 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:3579-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.04.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2010] [Revised: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Zhuo X, Hartz RA, Bronson JJ, Wong H, Ahuja VT, Vrudhula VM, Leet JE, Huang S, Macor JE, Shu YZ. Comparative biotransformation of pyrazinone-containing corticotropin-releasing factor receptor-1 antagonists: minimizing the reactive metabolite formation. Drug Metab Dispos 2010; 38:5-15. [PMID: 19833844 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.109.028910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
(S)-5-Chloro-1-(1-cyclopropylethyl)-3-(2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenylamino)pyrazin-2(1H)-one (BMS-665053), a pyrazinone-containing compound, is a potent and selective antagonist of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor-1 (CRF-R1) that showed efficacy in the defensive withdrawal model for anxiety in rats, suggesting its use as a potential treatment for anxiety and depression. In vitro metabolism studies of BMS-665053 in rat and human liver microsomes revealed cytochrome P450-mediated oxidation of the pyrazinone moiety, followed by ring opening, as the primary metabolic pathway. Detection of a series of GSH adducts in trapping experiments suggested the formation of a reactive intermediate, probably as a result of epoxidation of the pyrazinone moiety. In addition, BMS-665053 (20 mg/kg i.v.) underwent extensive metabolism in bile duct-cannulated (BDC) rats. The major drug-related materials in rat plasma were the pyrazinone oxidation products. In rat bile and urine (0-7 h), only a trace amount of the parent drug was recovered, whereas significant levels of the pyrazinone epoxide-derived metabolites and GSH-related conjugates were detected. Further evidence suggested that GSH-related conjugates also formed at the dichloroarylamine moiety possibly via an epoxide or a quinone imine intermediate. Other major metabolites in BDC rat bile and urine included glucuronide conjugates. To reduce potential liability due to metabolic activation of BMS-665053, a number of pyrazinone analogs with different substituents were synthesized and investigated for reactive metabolite formation, leading to the discovery of a CRF-R1 antagonist with diminished in vitro metabolic activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Zhuo
- Departments of Biotransformation, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA.
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Hartz RA, Ahuja VT, Schmitz WD, Molski TF, Mattson GK, Lodge NJ, Bronson JJ, Macor JE. Synthesis and structure–activity relationships of N3-pyridylpyrazinones as corticotropin-releasing factor-1 (CRF1) receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:1890-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.01.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Revised: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Burrell RC, Easter JA, Bonacorsi SJ, Balasubramanian B. Carbon-14 labeled methyl 2-chloro-2-oxoacetate: a convenient carbon-14 labeled oxalyl chloride equivalent. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Hartz RA, Ahuja VT, Zhuo X, Mattson RJ, Denhart DJ, Deskus JA, Vrudhula VM, Pan S, Ditta JL, Shu YZ, Grace JE, Lentz KA, Lelas S, Li YW, Molski TF, Krishnananthan S, Wong H, Qian-Cutrone J, Schartman R, Denton R, Lodge NJ, Zaczek R, Macor JE, Bronson JJ. A Strategy to Minimize Reactive Metabolite Formation: Discovery of (S)-4-(1-Cyclopropyl-2-methoxyethyl)-6-[6-(difluoromethoxy)-2,5-dimethylpyridin-3-ylamino]-5-oxo-4,5-dihydropyrazine-2-carbonitrile as a Potent, Orally Bioavailable Corticotropin-Releasing Factor-1 Receptor Antagonist. J Med Chem 2009; 52:7653-68. [DOI: 10.1021/jm900716v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hartz RA, Ahuja VT, Rafalski M, Schmitz WD, Brenner AB, Denhart DJ, Ditta JL, Deskus JA, Yue EW, Arvanitis AG, Lelas S, Li YW, Molski TF, Wong H, Grace JE, Lentz KA, Li J, Lodge NJ, Zaczek R, Combs AP, Olson RE, Mattson RJ, Bronson JJ, Macor JE. In Vitro Intrinsic Clearance-Based Optimization of N3-Phenylpyrazinones as Corticotropin-Releasing Factor-1 (CRF1) Receptor Antagonists. J Med Chem 2009; 52:4161-72. [DOI: 10.1021/jm900302q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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