1
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Holland DC, Prebble DW, Calcott MJ, Schroder WA, Ferretti F, Lock A, Avery VM, Kiefel MJ, Carroll AR. Cheminformatics-Guided Exploration of Synthetic Marine Natural Product-Inspired Brominated Indole-3-Glyoxylamides and Their Potentials for Drug Discovery. Molecules 2024; 29:3648. [PMID: 39125052 PMCID: PMC11314621 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Marine natural products (MNPs) continue to be tested primarily in cellular toxicity assays, both mammalian and microbial, despite most being inactive at concentrations relevant to drug discovery. These MNPs become missed opportunities and represent a wasteful use of precious bioresources. The use of cheminformatics aligned with published bioactivity data can provide insights to direct the choice of bioassays for the evaluation of new MNPs. Cheminformatics analysis of MNPs found in MarinLit (n = 39,730) up to the end of 2023 highlighted indol-3-yl-glyoxylamides (IGAs, n = 24) as a group of MNPs with no reported bioactivities. However, a recent review of synthetic IGAs highlighted these scaffolds as privileged structures with several compounds under clinical evaluation. Herein, we report the synthesis of a library of 32 MNP-inspired brominated IGAs (25-56) using a simple one-pot, multistep method affording access to these diverse chemical scaffolds. Directed by a meta-analysis of the biological activities reported for marine indole alkaloids (MIAs) and synthetic IGAs, the brominated IGAs 25-56 were examined for their potential bioactivities against the Parkinson's Disease amyloid protein alpha synuclein (α-syn), antiplasmodial activities against chloroquine-resistant (3D7) and sensitive (Dd2) parasite strains of Plasmodium falciparum, and inhibition of mammalian (chymotrypsin and elastase) and viral (SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro) proteases. All of the synthetic IGAs tested exhibited binding affinity to the amyloid protein α-syn, while some showed inhibitory activities against P. falciparum, and the proteases, SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro, and chymotrypsin. The cellular safety of the IGAs was examined against cancerous and non-cancerous human cell lines, with all of the compounds tested inactive, thereby validating cheminformatics and meta-analyses results. The findings presented herein expand our knowledge of marine IGA bioactive chemical space and advocate expanding the scope of biological assays routinely used to investigate NP bioactivities, specifically those more suitable for non-toxic compounds. By integrating cheminformatics tools and functional assays into NP biological testing workflows, we can aim to enhance the potential of NPs and their scaffolds for future drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren C. Holland
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; (D.W.P.); (F.F.); (M.J.K.)
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Dale W. Prebble
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; (D.W.P.); (F.F.); (M.J.K.)
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Mark J. Calcott
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6102, New Zealand;
| | - Wayne A. Schroder
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; (W.A.S.); (A.L.); (V.M.A.)
| | - Francesca Ferretti
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; (D.W.P.); (F.F.); (M.J.K.)
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Aaron Lock
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; (W.A.S.); (A.L.); (V.M.A.)
- Discovery Biology, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Vicky M. Avery
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; (W.A.S.); (A.L.); (V.M.A.)
- Discovery Biology, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Milton J. Kiefel
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; (D.W.P.); (F.F.); (M.J.K.)
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4221, Australia
| | - Anthony R. Carroll
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; (D.W.P.); (F.F.); (M.J.K.)
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
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2
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Barman S, Garcia N, Jaseer EA, Elanany M, Khawaji M, Alasiri H, Peedikakkal AMP, Akhtar MN, Theravalappil R. Unveiling meta-Alkyloxy/-Silyloxy-Substituted N-Aryl PNP Ligands for Efficient Cr-Catalyzed Ethylene Tetramerization. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:26437-26443. [PMID: 37521606 PMCID: PMC10373192 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Novel N-aryl-functionalized PNP ligands (1-4) bearing m-alkyloxy/-silyloxy substituents were prepared and evaluated for chromium-catalyzed ethylene oligomerization using MMAO-3A as an activator. The selected Cr/PNP system under optimized condition exhibited high 1-octene-selective (up to 70 wt %) ethylene tetramerization at a remarkable rate (over 3000 kg gCr-1 h-1). More importantly, the undesirable polyethylene selectivity was restricted to a minimum level of ∼1-2 wt % for pre-catalysts derived with ligands 1 and 2. Employing chlorobenzene as a reaction medium yielded best productivity in conjunction to the total α-olefin (1-C6 + 1-C8) selectivity (∼88 wt %). N-aryl PNP ligands (3 and 4) incorporating m-silyloxy substituents in the phenyl ring exhibited relatively poorer tetramerization performance while yielding higher PE fraction as compared to their m-alkyloxy derivatives. A detailed molecular structure of the best-performing pre-catalyst 1-Cr was established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The stability of 1/Cr-based catalyst system was investigated for a reaction time of up to 2 h under optimized condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Barman
- Center
for Refining and Advanced Chemicals, King
Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nestor Garcia
- Center
for Refining and Advanced Chemicals, King
Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - E. A. Jaseer
- Center
for Refining and Advanced Chemicals, King
Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Elanany
- Fuels
and Chemicals Division Aramco Research Center at KAUST, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Motaz Khawaji
- Fuels
and Chemicals Division Aramco Research Center at KAUST, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Alasiri
- Center
for Refining and Advanced Chemicals, King
Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Chemical
Engineering Department, King Fahd University
of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Malik P. Peedikakkal
- Department
of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum
and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary
Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Naseem Akhtar
- Center
for Refining and Advanced Chemicals, King
Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajesh Theravalappil
- Center
for Refining and Advanced Chemicals, King
Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
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Barresi E, Robello M, Baglini E, Poggetti V, Viviano M, Salerno S, Da Settimo F, Taliani S. Indol-3-ylglyoxylamide as Privileged Scaffold in Medicinal Chemistry. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:997. [PMID: 37513909 PMCID: PMC10386336 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, indolylglyoxylamide-based derivatives have received much attention due to their application in drug design and discovery, leading to the development of a wide array of compounds that have shown a variety of pharmacological activities. Combining the indole nucleus, already validated as a "privileged structure," with the glyoxylamide function allowed for an excellent template to be obtained that is suitable to a great number of structural modifications aimed at permitting interaction with specific molecular targets and producing desirable therapeutic effects. The present review provides insight into how medicinal chemists have elegantly exploited the indolylglyoxylamide moiety to obtain potentially useful drugs, with a particular focus on compounds exhibiting activity in in vivo models or reaching clinical trials. All in all, this information provides exciting new perspectives on existing data that can be useful in further design of indolylglyoxylamide-based molecules with interesting pharmacological profiles. The aim of this report is to present an update of collection data dealing with the employment of this moiety in the rational design of compounds that are able to interact with a specific target, referring to the last 20 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Barresi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Robello
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Emma Baglini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valeria Poggetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Monica Viviano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Silvia Salerno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Da Settimo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sabrina Taliani
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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4
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Shim KH, Sharma N, An SSA. Prion therapeutics: Lessons from the past. Prion 2022; 16:265-294. [PMID: 36515657 PMCID: PMC9754114 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2022.2153551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are a group of incurable zoonotic neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) in humans and other animals caused by the prion proteins. The abnormal folding and aggregation of the soluble cellular prion proteins (PrPC) into scrapie isoform (PrPSc) in the Central nervous system (CNS) resulted in brain damage and other neurological symptoms. Different therapeutic approaches, including stalling PrPC to PrPSc conversion, increasing PrPSc removal, and PrPC stabilization, for which a spectrum of compounds, ranging from organic compounds to antibodies, have been explored. Additionally, a non-PrP targeted drug strategy using serpin inhibitors has been discussed. Despite numerous scaffolds being screened for anti-prion activity in vitro, only a few were effective in vivo and unfortunately, almost none of them proved effective in the clinical studies, most likely due to toxicity and lack of permeability. Recently, encouraging results from a prion-protein monoclonal antibody, PRN100, were presented in the first human trial on CJD patients, which gives a hope for better future for the discovery of other new molecules to treat prion diseases. In this comprehensive review, we have re-visited the history and discussed various classes of anti-prion agents, their structure, mode of action, and toxicity. Understanding pathogenesis would be vital for developing future treatments for prion diseases. Based on the outcomes of existing therapies, new anti-prion agents could be identified/synthesized/designed with reduced toxicity and increased bioavailability, which could probably be effective in treating prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Hwan Shim
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Niti Sharma
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
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5
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Carnosic Acid and Carnosol Display Antioxidant and Anti-Prion Properties in In Vitro and Cell-Free Models of Prion Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040726. [PMID: 35453411 PMCID: PMC9027925 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are transmissible encephalopathies associated with the conversion of the physiological form of the prion protein (PrPC) to the disease-associated (PrPSc). Despite intense research, no therapeutic or prophylactic agent is available. The catechol-type diterpene Carnosic acid (CA) and its metabolite Carnosol (CS) from Rosmarinus officinalis have well-documented anti-oxidative and neuroprotective effects. Since oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of prion diseases, we investigated the potential beneficial role of CA and CS in a cellular model of prion diseases (N2a22L cells) and in a cell-free prion amplification assay (RT-QuIC). The antioxidant effects of the compounds were confirmed when N2a22L were incubated with CA or CS. Furthermore, CA and CS reduced the accumulation of the disease-associated form of PrP, detected by Western Blotting, in N2a22L cells. This effect was validated in RT-QuIC assays, indicating that it is not associated with the antioxidant effects of CA and CS. Importantly, cell-free assays revealed that these natural products not only prevent the formation of PrP aggregates but can also disrupt already formed aggregates. Our results indicate that CA and CS have pleiotropic effects against prion diseases and could evolve into useful prophylactic and/or therapeutic agents against prion and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Barresi E, Giacomelli C, Marchetti L, Baglini E, Salerno S, Greco G, Da Settimo F, Martini C, Trincavelli ML, Taliani S. Novel positive allosteric modulators of A 2B adenosine receptor acting as bone mineralisation promoters. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:286-294. [PMID: 33334192 PMCID: PMC7751416 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1862103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Small-molecules acting as positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of the A2B adenosine receptor (A2B AR) could potentially represent a novel therapeutic strategy for pathological conditions characterised by altered bone homeostasis, including osteoporosis. We investigated a library of compounds (4-13) exhibiting different degrees of chemical similarity with three indole derivatives (1-3), which have been recently identified by us as PAMs of the A2B AR able to promote mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and bone formation. Evaluation of mineralisation activity of 4-13 in the presence and in the absence of the agonist BAY60-6583 allowed the identification of lead compounds with therapeutic potential as anti-osteoporosis agents. Further biological characterisation of one of the most performing compounds, the benzofurane derivative 9, confirmed that such a molecule behaves as PAM of the A2B AR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Emma Baglini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Greco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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7
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Robello M, Barresi E, Baglini E, Salerno S, Taliani S, Settimo FD. The Alpha Keto Amide Moiety as a Privileged Motif in Medicinal Chemistry: Current Insights and Emerging Opportunities. J Med Chem 2021; 64:3508-3545. [PMID: 33764065 PMCID: PMC8154582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, researchers in drug discovery have taken advantage of the use of privileged structures to design innovative hit/lead molecules. The α-ketoamide motif is found in many natural products, and it has been widely exploited by medicinal chemists to develop compounds tailored to a vast range of biological targets, thus presenting clinical potential for a plethora of pathological conditions. The purpose of this perspective is to provide insights into the versatility of this chemical moiety as a privileged structure in drug discovery. After a brief analysis of its physical-chemical features and synthetic procedures to obtain it, α-ketoamide-based classes of compounds are reported according to the application of this motif as either a nonreactive or reactive moiety. The goal is to highlight those aspects that may be useful to understanding the perspectives of employing the α-ketoamide moiety in the rational design of compounds able to interact with a specific target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Robello
- Synthetic Bioactive Molecules Section, LBC, NIDDK, NIH, 8 Center Drive, Room 404, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Elisabetta Barresi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Emma Baglini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Salerno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sabrina Taliani
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Da Settimo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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8
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Mustazza C, Sbriccoli M, Minosi P, Raggi C. Small Molecules with Anti-Prion Activity. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:5446-5479. [PMID: 31560283 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190927121744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Prion pathologies are fatal neurodegenerative diseases caused by the misfolding of the physiological Prion Protein (PrPC) into a β-structure-rich isoform called PrPSc. To date, there is no available cure for prion diseases and just a few clinical trials have been carried out. The initial approach in the search of anti-prion agents had PrPSc as a target, but the existence of different prion strains arising from alternative conformations of PrPSc, limited the efficacy of the ligands to a straindependent ability. That has shifted research to PrPC ligands, which either act as chaperones, by stabilizing the native conformation, or inhibit its interaction with PrPSc. The role of transition-metal mediated oxidation processes in prion misfolding has also been investigated. Another promising approach is the indirect action via other cellular targets, like membrane domains or the Protein- Folding Activity of Ribosomes (PFAR). Also, new prion-specific high throughput screening techniques have been developed. However, so far no substance has been found to be able to extend satisfactorily survival time in animal models of prion diseases. This review describes the main features of the Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) of the various chemical classes of anti-prion agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Mustazza
- National Centre for Control and Evaluation of Medicines, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Sbriccoli
- Department of Neurosciences, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Minosi
- National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Raggi
- National Centre for Control and Evaluation of Medicines, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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9
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Generation, optimization and characterization of novel anti-prion compounds. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115717. [PMID: 33065443 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Prions are misfolded proteins involved in neurodegenerative diseases of high interest in veterinary and public health. In this work, we report the chemical space exploration around the anti-prion compound BB 0300674 in order to gain an understanding of its Structure Activity Relationships (SARs). A series of 43 novel analogues, based on four different chemical clusters, were synthetized and tested against PrPSc and mutant PrP toxicity assays. From this biological screening, two compounds (59 and 65) emerged with a 10-fold improvement in anti-prion activity compared with the initial lead compound, presenting at the same time interesting cell viability.
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11
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Zhang YK, Wang B. Synthesis of α-Ketoamides from β-Ketonitriles and Primary Amines: A Catalyst-Free Oxidative Decyanation-Amidation Reaction. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Kai Zhang
- College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research; Nankai University; Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road 300353 Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research; Nankai University; Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road 300353 Tianjin P. R. China
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12
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Wu C, Zhou J, He G, Li H, Yang Q, Wang R, Zhou Y, Liu H. Ruthenium(ii)-catalyzed selective C–H bond activation of imidamides and coupling with sulfoxonium ylides: an efficient approach for the synthesis of highly functional 3-ketoindoles. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00048h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium-catalyzed selective C–H bond activation of imidamides and annulation of sulfoxonium ylides were achieved, which afforded a series of 3-ketoindole derivatives in good yields, with good functional group compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Wu
- School of Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research
| | - Jianhui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Guoxue He
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Huihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Qiaolan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Run Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Hong Liu
- School of Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research
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13
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Zheng B, Silverman SM, Steinhardt SE, Kolotuchin S, Iyer V, Fan J, Skliar D, McLeod DD, Bultman M, Tripp JC, Murugesan S, La Cruz TE, Sweeney JT, Eastgate MD, Conlon DA. Preparation of the HIV Attachment Inhibitor BMS-663068. Part 6. Friedel–Crafts Acylation/Hydrolysis and Amidation. Org Process Res Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zheng
- Chemical & Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, United States
| | - Steven M. Silverman
- Chemical & Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, United States
| | - Sarah E. Steinhardt
- Chemical & Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, United States
| | - Sergei Kolotuchin
- Chemical & Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, United States
| | - Vidya Iyer
- Chemical & Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, United States
| | - Junying Fan
- Chemical & Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, United States
| | - Dimitri Skliar
- Chemical & Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, United States
| | - Douglas D. McLeod
- Chemical & Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, United States
| | - Michael Bultman
- Chemical & Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, United States
| | - Jonathan C. Tripp
- Chemical & Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, United States
| | - Saravanababu Murugesan
- Chemical & Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, United States
| | - Thomas E. La Cruz
- Chemical & Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, United States
| | - Jason T. Sweeney
- Chemical & Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, United States
| | - Martin D. Eastgate
- Chemical & Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, United States
| | - David A. Conlon
- Chemical & Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, United States
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14
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Melanin or a Melanin-Like Substance Interacts with the N-Terminal Portion of Prion Protein and Inhibits Abnormal Prion Protein Formation in Prion-Infected Cells. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.01862-16. [PMID: 28077650 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01862-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are progressive fatal neurodegenerative illnesses caused by the accumulation of transmissible abnormal prion protein (PrP). To find treatments for prion diseases, we searched for substances from natural resources that inhibit abnormal PrP formation in prion-infected cells. We found that high-molecular-weight components from insect cuticle extracts reduced abnormal PrP levels. The chemical nature of these components was consistent with that of melanin. In fact, synthetic melanin produced from tyrosine or 3-hydroxy-l-tyrosine inhibited abnormal PrP formation. Melanin did not modify cellular or cell surface PrP levels, nor did it modify lipid raft or cellular cholesterol levels. Neither did it enhance autophagy or lysosomal function. Melanin was capable of interacting with PrP at two N-terminal domains. Specifically, it strongly interacted with the PrP region of amino acids 23 to 50 including a positively charged amino acid cluster and weakly interacted with the PrP octarepeat peptide region of residues 51 to 90. However, the in vitro and in vivo data were inconsistent with those of prion-infected cells. Abnormal PrP formation in protein misfolding cyclic amplification was not inhibited by melanin. Survival after prion infection was not significantly altered in albino mice or exogenously melanin-injected mice compared with that of control mice. These data suggest that melanin, a main determinant of skin color, is not likely to modify prion disease pathogenesis, even though racial differences in the incidence of human prion diseases have been reported. Thus, the findings identify an interaction between melanin and the N terminus of PrP, but the pathophysiological roles of the PrP-melanin interaction remain unclear.IMPORTANCE The N-terminal region of PrP is reportedly important for neuroprotection, neurotoxicity, and abnormal PrP formation, as this region is bound by many factors, such as metal ions, lipids, nucleic acids, antiprion compounds, and several proteins, including abnormal PrP in prion disease and the Aβ oligomer in Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, melanin, a main determinant of skin color, was newly found to interact with this N-terminal region and inhibits abnormal PrP formation in prion-infected cells. However, the data for prion infection in mice lacking melanin production suggest that melanin is not associated with the prion disease mechanism, although the incidence of prion disease is reportedly much higher in white people than in black people. Thus, the roles of the PrP-melanin interaction remain to be further elucidated, but melanin might be a useful competitive tool for evaluating the functions of other ligands at the N-terminal region.
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Pagadala NS, Syed K, Bhat R. In silico strategies on prion pathogenic conversion and inhibition from PrPC–PrPSc. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017; 12:241-248. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1287171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nataraj S. Pagadala
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, 6-020 Katz Group Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Khajamohiddin Syed
- Unit for Drug Discovery Research, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Rakesh Bhat
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, 6-020 Katz Group Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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16
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Hu HY, Yu XD, Wang F, Lin CR, Zeng JZ, Qiu YK, Fang MJ, Wu Z. Novel N-Substituted 2-(2-(Adamantan-1-yl)-1H-Indol-3-yl)-2-Oxoacetamide Derivatives: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation. Molecules 2016; 21:E530. [PMID: 27164070 PMCID: PMC6273615 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a series of novel N-substituted 2-(2-(adamantan-1-yl)-1H-indol-3-yl)-2-oxoacetamide derivatives were synthesized, and evaluated for their cytotoxicity in human cell lines including Hela (cervical cancer), MCF7 (breast cancer ) and HepG2 (liver cancer). Several compounds were found to have potent anti-proliferative activity against those human cancer cell lines and compound 5r showed the most potent biological activity against HepG2 cells with an IC50 value of 10.56 ± 1.14 μΜ. In addition, bioassays showed that compound 5r induced time-dependent and dose-dependent cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), and also induced a dose-dependent increase in caspase-3 and caspase-8 activity, but had little effect on caspase-9 protease activity in HepG2 cells. These results provide evidence that 5r-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cell is caspase-8-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yu Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, South Xiang-An Road, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Xu-Dong Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, South Xiang-An Road, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, South Xiang-An Road, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Chun-Rong Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, South Xiang-An Road, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Jin-Zhang Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, South Xiang-An Road, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Ying-Kun Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, South Xiang-An Road, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Mei-Juan Fang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, South Xiang-An Road, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Zhen Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, South Xiang-An Road, Xiamen 361102, China.
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17
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Yan J, He G, Yan F, Zhang J, Zhang G. The dicarbonylation of indoles via Friedel–Crafts reaction with dicarbonyl nitrile generated in situ and retro-cyanohydrination. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra04016k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The reaction of indole and β-carbonyl nitrile to generate dicarbonyl indoles has been developed. This process involves α-oxonation of the β-carbonyl nitrile, Friedel–Crafts reaction with indoles and retro-cyanohydrination form dicarbonyl indoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Yan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Normal University
| | - Guangjie He
- Department of Forensic Medicine
- Xinxiang Medical University
- Xinxiang
- P. R. China
| | - Fulin Yan
- School of Pharmacy
- Xinxiang Medical University
- Xinxiang
- P. R. China
| | - Jixia Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Xinxiang Medical University
- Xinxiang
- P. R. China
| | - Guisheng Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Normal University
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18
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Fe-catalyzed regioselective Friedel–Crafts hydroxyalkylation of N -substituted glyoxylamide with indoles. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2015.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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19
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Unconventional Knoevenagel-type indoles: Synthesis and cell-based studies for the identification of pro-apoptotic agents. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 102:648-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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20
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Synthesis and biological activity of novel mono-indole and mono-benzofuran inhibitors of bacterial transcription initiation complex formation. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:1763-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Wu C, Zhao F, Shu S, Wang J, Liu H. Palladium-catalyzed intramolecular addition of C–N bond to alkynes: a novel approach to 3-diketoindoles. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra18813j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed intramolecular addition of C–N bond to alkynes to synthesize highly functional 3-diketoindoles has been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Wu
- Nano Science and Technology Institute
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Suzhou 215123
- People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research
| | - Fei Zhao
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics
- Chengdu University
- People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangjie Shu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
- People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- Nano Science and Technology Institute
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Suzhou 215123
- People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research
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22
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Vetrugno V, Puopolo M, Cardone F, Capozzoli F, Ladogana A, Pocchiari M. The future for treating Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2014. [DOI: 10.1517/21678707.2015.994605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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23
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Hwang ES. Senescence suppressors: their practical importance in replicative lifespan extension in stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:4207-19. [PMID: 25052377 PMCID: PMC11113678 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1685-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent animal and clinical studies report promising results for the therapeutic utilization of stem cells in regenerative medicine. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), with their pluripotent nature, have advantages over embryonic stem cells in terms of their availability and feasibility. However, their proliferative activity is destined to slow by replicative senescence, and the limited proliferative potential of MSCs not only hinders the preparation of sufficient cells for in vivo application, but also draws a limitation on their potential for differentiation. This calls for the development of safe and efficient means to increase the proliferative as well as differentiation potential of MSCs. Recent advances have led to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms and significance of cellular senescence, facilitating ways to manipulate the replicative lifespan of a variety of primary cells, including MSCs. This paper introduces a class of proteins that function as senescence suppressors. Like tumor suppressors, these proteins are lost in senescence, while their forced expression delays the onset of senescence. Moreover, treatments that increase the expression or the activity of senescence suppressors, therefore, cause expansion of the replicative and differentiation potential of MSCs. The nature of the activities and putative underlying mechanisms of the senescence suppressors will be discussed to facilitate their evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Seong Hwang
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Dongdaemungu, Jeonnongdong 90, Seoul, 130-743, Republic of Korea,
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24
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One-pot three-component synthesis of indole-3-glyoxyl derivatives and indole-3-glyoxyl triazoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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25
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Antiprion compounds that reduce PrP(Sc) levels in dividing and stationary-phase cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:7999-8012. [PMID: 24183589 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
During prion diseases, a normally benign, host protein, denoted PrP(C), undergoes alternative folding into the aberrant isoform, PrP(Sc). We used ELISA to identify and confirm hits in order to develop leads that reduce PrP(Sc) in prion-infected dividing and stationary-phase mouse neuroblastoma (ScN2a-cl3) cells. We tested 52,830 diverse small molecules in dividing cells and 49,430 in stationary-phase cells. This led to 3100 HTS and 970 single point confirmed (SPC) hits in dividing cells, 331 HTS and 55 confirmed SPC hits in stationary-phase cells as well as 36 confirmed SPC hits active in both. Fourteen chemical leads were identified from confirmed SPC hits in dividing cells and three in stationary-phase cells. From more than 682 compounds tested in concentration-effect relationships in dividing cells to determine potency (EC50), 102 had EC50 values between 1 and 10 μM and 50 had EC50 values of <1 μM; none affected cell viability. We observed an excellent correlation between EC50 values determined by ELISA and Western immunoblotting for 28 representative compounds in dividing cells (R(2)=0.75; p <0.0001). Of the 55 confirmed SPC hits in stationary-phase cells, 23 were piperazine, indole, or urea leads. The EC50 values of one indole in stationary-phase and dividing ScN2a-cl3 cells were 7.5 and 1.6 μM, respectively. Unexpectedly, the number of hits in stationary-phase cells was ~10% of that in dividing cells. The explanation for this difference remains to be determined.
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26
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Li Z, Rao S, Gever JR, Widjaja K, Prusiner SB, Michael Silber B. Optimization of Arylamides as Novel, Potent and Brain-penetrant Antiprion Lead Compounds. ACS Med Chem Lett 2013; 4:647-650. [PMID: 23977416 DOI: 10.1021/ml300454k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The prion diseases caused by PrPSc, an alternatively folded form of the cellular prion protein (PrPC), are rapidly progressive, fatal, and untreatable neurodegenerative syndromes. We employed HTS ELISA assays to identify compounds that lower the level of PrPSc in prion-infected mouse neuroblastoma (ScN2a-cl3) cells and identified a series of arylamides. SAR studies indicated that small amides with one aromatic, or heteroaromatic ring, on each side of the amide bond are of modest potency. Of note, benzamide (7), with an EC50 of 2200 nM, was one of only a few arylamide hits with a piperazine group on its aniline moiety. The basic piperazine nitrogen can be protonated at physiologic pH, improving solubility, and therefore we wanted to exploit this feature in our search for a drug candidate. An SAR campaign resulted in several key analogs, including a set with biaryl groups introduced on the carbonyl side for improved potency. Several of these biaryl analogs have submicromolar potency, with the most potent analog 17 having an EC50 = 22 nM. More importantly, 17 and several biarylamides (20, 24, 26, 27) were able to traverse the BBB and displayed excellent drug levels in the brains of mice following oral dosing. These biarylamides may represent good starting points for further lead optimization for the identification of potential drug candidates for the treatment of prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- Institute
for Neurodegenerative Diseases, ‡Department of Neurology, §Department of Bioengineering and
Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Satish Rao
- Institute
for Neurodegenerative Diseases, ‡Department of Neurology, §Department of Bioengineering and
Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Joel R. Gever
- Institute
for Neurodegenerative Diseases, ‡Department of Neurology, §Department of Bioengineering and
Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Kartika Widjaja
- Institute
for Neurodegenerative Diseases, ‡Department of Neurology, §Department of Bioengineering and
Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Stanley B. Prusiner
- Institute
for Neurodegenerative Diseases, ‡Department of Neurology, §Department of Bioengineering and
Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - B. Michael Silber
- Institute
for Neurodegenerative Diseases, ‡Department of Neurology, §Department of Bioengineering and
Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
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27
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28
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Silber BM, Rao S, Fife KL, Gallardo-Godoy A, Renslo AR, Dalvie DK, Giles K, Freyman Y, Elepano M, Gever JR, Li Z, Jacobson MP, Huang Y, Benet LZ, Prusiner SB. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of 2-aminothiazoles with antiprion activity in mice. Pharm Res 2013; 30:932-50. [PMID: 23417511 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-012-0912-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To discover drugs lowering PrP(Sc) in prion-infected cultured neuronal cells that achieve high concentrations in brain to test in mouse models of prion disease and then treat people with these fatal diseases. METHODS We tested 2-AMT analogs for EC50 and PK after a 40 mg/kg single dose and 40-210 mg/kg/day doses for 3 days. We calculated plasma and brain AUC, ratio of AUC/EC50 after dosing. We reasoned that compounds with high AUC/EC50 ratios should be good candidates going forward. RESULTS We evaluated 27 2-AMTs in single-dose and 10 in 3-day PK studies, of which IND24 and IND81 were selected for testing in mouse models of prion disease. They had high concentrations in brain after oral dosing. Absolute bioavailability ranged from 27-40%. AUC/EC50 ratios after 3 days were >100 (total) and 48-113 (unbound). Stability in liver microsomes ranged from 30->60 min. Ring hydroxylated metabolites were observed in microsomes. Neither was a substrate for the MDR1 transporter. CONCLUSIONS IND24 and IND81 are active in vitro and show high AUC/EC50 ratios (total and unbound) in plasma and brain. These will be evaluated in mouse models of prion disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Michael Silber
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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29
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Mohanty ST, Cairney CJ, Chantry AD, Madan S, Fernandes JA, Howe SJ, Moore HD, Thompson MJ, Chen B, Thrasher A, Keith WN, Bellantuono I. A small molecule modulator of prion protein increases human mesenchymal stem cell lifespan, ex vivo expansion, and engraftment to bone marrow in NOD/SCID mice. Stem Cells 2012; 30:1134-43. [PMID: 22367629 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have been shown to have potential in regenerative approaches in bone and blood. Most protocols rely on their in vitro expansion prior to clinical use. However, several groups including our own have shown that hMSCs lose proliferation and differentiation ability with serial passage in culture, limiting their clinical applications. Cellular prion protein (PrP) has been shown to enhance proliferation and promote self-renewal of hematopoietic, mammary gland, and neural stem cells. Here we show, for the first time, that expression of PrP decreased in hMSC following ex vivo expansion. When PrP expression was knocked down, hMSC showed significant reduction in proliferation and differentiation. In contrast, hMSC expanded in the presence of small molecule 3/689, a modulator of PrP expression, showed retention of PrP expression with ex vivo expansion and extended lifespan up to 10 population doublings. Moreover, cultures produced a 300-fold increase in the number of cells generated. These cells showed a 10-fold increase in engraftment levels in bone marrow 5 weeks post-transplant. hMSC treated with 3/689 showed enhanced protection from DNA damage and enhanced cell cycle progression, in line with data obtained by gene expression profiling. Moreover, upregulation of superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD2) was also observed in hMSC expanded in the presence of 3/689. The increase in SOD2 was dependent on PrP expression and suggests increased scavenging of reactive oxygen species as mechanism of action. These data point to PrP as a good target for chemical intervention in stem cell regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindhu T Mohanty
- Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Department of Human Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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30
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Kamatari YO, Hayano Y, Yamaguchi KI, Hosokawa-Muto J, Kuwata K. Characterizing antiprion compounds based on their binding properties to prion proteins: implications as medical chaperones. Protein Sci 2012; 22:22-34. [PMID: 23081827 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A variety of antiprion compounds have been reported that are effective in ex vivo and in vivo treatment experiments. However, the molecular mechanisms for most of these compounds remain unknown. Here we classified antiprion mechanisms into four categories: I, specific conformational stabilization; II, nonspecific stabilization; III, aggregation; and IV, interaction with molecules other than PrP(C). To characterize antiprion compounds based on this classification, we determined their binding affinities to PrP(C) using surface plasmon resonance and their binding sites on PrP(C) using NMR spectroscopy. GN8 and GJP49 bound specifically to the hot spot in PrP(C), and acted as "medical chaperones" to stabilize the native conformation. Thus, mechanisms I was predominant. In contrast, quinacrine and epigallocathechin bound to PrP(C) rather nonspecifically; these may stabilize the PrP(C) conformation nonspecifically including the interference with the intermolecular interaction following mechanism II. Congo red and pentosan polysulfate bound to PrP(C) and caused aggregation and precipitation of PrP(C), thus reducing the effective concentration of prion protein. Thus, mechanism III was appropriate. Finally, CP-60, an edarabone derivative, did not bind to PrP(C). Thus these were classified into mechanism IV. However, their antiprion activities were not confirmed in the GT + FK system, whose details remain to be elucidated. This proposed antiprion mechanisms of diverse antiprion compounds could help to elucidate their antiprion activities and facilitate effective antiprion drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji O Kamatari
- Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
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31
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Koukouli F, Paspaltsis I, Salta E, Xanthopoulos K, Koini EN, Calogeropoulou T, Sklaviadis T. Inhibition of PrP(Sc) formation in scrapie infected N2a cells by 5,7,8-trimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazine derivatives. Prion 2012; 6:470-6. [PMID: 22918434 DOI: 10.4161/pri.21913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are fatal, neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the structural conversion of the normal, cellular prion protein, PrP (C) into an abnormally structured, aggregated and partially protease-resistant isoform, termed PrP (Sc) . Although substantial research has been directed toward development of therapeutics targeting prions, there is still no curative treatment for the disease. Benzoxazines are bicyclic heterocyclic compounds possessing several pharmaceutically important properties, including neuroprotection and reactive oxygen species scavenging. In an effort to identify novel inhibitors of prion formation, several 5,7,8-trimethyl-1,4-benzoxazine derivatives were evaluated in vitro for their effectiveness on the expression levels of normal PrP (C) and its conversion to the abnormal isoforms of PrP (Sc) in a scrapie-infected cell culture model. The most potent compound was 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5,7,8-trimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazine, with a diminishing effect on the formation of PrP (Sc) , thus establishing a class of compounds with a promising therapeutic use against prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fani Koukouli
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Thessaloniki, Greece
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32
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Fiorino F, Eiden M, Giese A, Severino B, Esposito A, Groschup MH, Perissutti E, Magli E, Incisivo GM, Ciano A, Frecentese F, Kretzschmar HA, Wagner J, Santagada V, Caliendo G. Synthesis of benzamide derivatives and their evaluation as antiprion agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:5001-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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33
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Thompson MJ, Louth JC, Little SM, Jackson MP, Boursereau Y, Chen B, Coldham I. Synthesis and Evaluation of 1-Amino-6-halo-β-carbolines as Antimalarial and Antiprion Agents. ChemMedChem 2012; 7:578-86. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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34
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K. Snyder J, C. Benson S, Lee L, Wei W, Ni F, David Janna Olmos J, R. Strom K, B. Beeler A, Chih-Chien Cheng K, Inglese J, Kota S, Takahashi V, Donny Strosberg A, H. Connor J, Guy Bushkin G. Truncated Aspidosperma Alkaloid-Like Scaffolds: Unique Structures for the Discovery of New, Bioactive Compounds. HETEROCYCLES 2012. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-11-sr(p)4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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35
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A straightforward synthesis of N-monosubstituted α-keto amides via aerobic benzylic oxidation of amides. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Thompson MJ, Louth JC, Ferrara S, Jackson MP, Sorrell FJ, Cochrane EJ, Gever J, Baxendale S, Silber BM, Roehl HH, Chen B. Discovery of 6-substituted indole-3-glyoxylamides as lead antiprion agents with enhanced cell line activity, improved microsomal stability and low toxicity. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:4125-32. [PMID: 21726921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Revised: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of highly potent indole-3-glyoxylamide based antiprion agents was previously characterized, focusing on optimization of structure-activity relationship (SAR) at positions 1-3 of the indole system. New libraries interrogating the SAR at indole C-4 to C-7 now demonstrate that introducing electron-withdrawing substituents at C-6 may improve biological activity by up to an order of magnitude, and additionally confer higher metabolic stability. For the present screening libraries, both the degree of potency and trends in SAR were consistent across two cell line models of prion disease, and the large majority of compounds showed no evidence of toxic effects in zebrafish. The foregoing observations thus make the indole-3-glyoxylamides an attractive lead series for continuing development as potential therapeutic agents against prion disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Krebs Institute, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK.
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Thompson MJ, Louth JC, Ferrara S, Sorrell FJ, Irving BJ, Cochrane EJ, Meijer AJHM, Chen B. Structure-activity relationship refinement and further assessment of indole-3-glyoxylamides as a lead series against prion disease. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:115-30. [PMID: 21154498 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201000383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Structure-activity relationships within the indole-3-glyoxylamide series of antiprion agents have been explored further, resulting in discovery of several new compounds demonstrating excellent activity in a cell line model of prion disease (EC₅₀ <10 nM). After examining a range of substituents at the para-position of the N-phenylglyoxylamide moiety, five-membered heterocycles containing at least two heteroatoms were found to be optimal for the antiprion effect. A number of modifications were made to probe the importance of the glyoxylamide substructure, although none were well tolerated. The most potent compounds did, however, prove largely stable towards microsomal metabolism, and the most active library member cured scrapie-infected cells indefinitely on administration of a single treatment. The present results thereby confirm the indole-3-glyoxylamides as a promising lead series for continuing in vitro and in vivo evaluation against prion disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, UK
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2,4-Diarylthiazole antiprion compounds as a novel structural class of antimalarial leads. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:3644-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.04.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Synthesis of GN8 derivatives and evaluation of their antiprion activity in TSE-infected cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:1502-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.12.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Revised: 12/27/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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40
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Gallardo-Godoy A, Gever J, Fife KL, Silber BM, Prusiner SB, Renslo AR. 2-Aminothiazoles as therapeutic leads for prion diseases. J Med Chem 2011; 54:1010-21. [PMID: 21247166 DOI: 10.1021/jm101250y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
2-Aminothiazoles are a new class of small molecules with antiprion activity in prion-infected neuroblastoma cell lines (J. Virol. 2010, 84, 3408). We report here structure-activity studies undertaken to improve the potency and physiochemical properties of 2-aminothiazoles, with a particular emphasis on achieving and sustaining high drug concentrations in the brain. The results of this effort include the generation of informative structure-activity relationships (SAR) and the identification of lead compounds that are orally absorbed and achieve high brain concentrations in animals. The new aminothiazole analogue (5-methylpyridin-2-yl)-[4-(3-phenylisoxazol-5-yl)-thiazol-2-yl]-amine (27), for example, exhibited an EC(50) of 0.94 μM in prion-infected neuroblastoma cells (ScN2a-cl3) and reached a concentration of ∼25 μM in the brains of mice following three days of oral administration in a rodent liquid diet. The studies described herein suggest 2-aminothiazoles as promising new leads in the search for effective therapeutics for prion diseases.
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Gabriele B, Veltri L, Salerno G, Mancuso R, Costa M. Multicomponent Cascade Reactions: A Novel and Expedient Approach to Functionalized Indoles by an Unprecedented Nucleophilic Addition-Heterocyclization-Oxidative Alkoxycarbonylation Sequence. Adv Synth Catal 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201000642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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42
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Lee YJ, Han YR, Park W, Nam SH, Oh KB, Lee HS. Synthetic analogs of indole-containing natural products as inhibitors of sortase A and isocitrate lyase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:6882-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Revised: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Lapointe D, Markiewicz T, Whipp CJ, Toderian A, Fagnou K. Predictable and Site-Selective Functionalization of Poly(hetero)arene Compounds by Palladium Catalysis. J Org Chem 2010; 76:749-59. [DOI: 10.1021/jo102081a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Lapointe
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Thomas Markiewicz
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Christopher J. Whipp
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Amy Toderian
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Keith Fagnou
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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Kutschy P, Sýkora A, Čurillová Z, Repovská M, Pilátová M, Mojžiš J, Mezencev R, Pazdera P, Hromjáková T. Glyoxyl analogs of indole phytoalexins: Synthesis and anticancer activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1135/cccc2010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Glyoxyl analogs of indole phytoalexins brassinin, 1-methoxybrassinin, brassitin, 1-methoxybrassitin and 1-methoxybrassenin B were prepared, using (1H-indol-3-yl)-, (1-methoxyindol-3-yl)- and [1-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)indol-3-yl]glyoxyl chlorides as starting compounds. Synthesized products were examined for their antiproliferative activity against human cancer cell lines Jurkat (T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia), MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma, estrogen receptor-positive), MDA-MB-231 (breast adenocarcinoma, estrogen receptor-negative), HeLa (cervical adenocarcinoma), CCRF-CEM cell line (T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia) and A-549 cell line (lung adenocarcinoma), and their activity compared with natural phytoalexins and corresponding (1H-indol-3-yl)acetic acid derivatives. The highest potency with IC50 3.3–66.1 μmol l–1 was found for glyoxyl analogs of 1-methoxybrassenin B.
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Thompson M, Louth J, Greenwood G, Sorrell F, Knight S, Adams N, Chen B. Improved 2,4-Diarylthiazole-Based Antiprion Agents: Switching the Sense of the Amide Group at C5 Leads to an Increase in Potency. ChemMedChem 2010; 5:1476-88. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201000217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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