1
|
Romero IE, Postigo A, Bonesi SM. Preparation of Carbazoles Involving 6π-Electrocyclization, Photoredox-, Electrochemical-, and Thermal Cyclization Reactions: Mechanistic Insights. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303229. [PMID: 38032158 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Carbazole is a heterocyclic motif that can be found in a diverse array of natural and unnatural products displaying a wide range of biological and physiological properties. Furthermore, this heterocycle is part of electronic materials like photoconducting polymers and organic optoelectronic materials owing to its excellent photophysical characteristics. Consequently, the development of synthetic strategies for carbazole scaffolds holds potential significance in biological and material fields. In this regard, a variety of preparation methods has been developed to exploit their efficient and distinct formation of new C-C and C-heteroatom bonds under mild conditions and enabling broad substrate diversity and functional group tolerance. Therefore, this review focuses on the synthesis of a set of carbazole derivatives describing a variety of methodologies that involve direct irradiation, photosensitization, photoredox, electrochemical and thermal cyclization reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan E Romero
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Argentina
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Junín 954, Buenos Aires, CP 1113, Argentina
| | - Al Postigo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Junín 954, Buenos Aires, CP 1113, Argentina
| | - Sergio M Bonesi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Argentina
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shahid M, Muthuraja P, Gopinath P. Substituent-controlled regioselective arylation of carbazoles using dual catalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:753-758. [PMID: 38165787 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01827j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Regioselective arylation of carbazoles is reported using dual palladium-photoredox catalysis. Controlled monoarylation and diarylation of symmetrical and unsymmetrical carbazoles were achieved under mild reaction conditions with a broad substrate scope and functional group tolerance. Steric and electronic control the regioselectivity of the arylation of unsymmetrical carbazoles. Late-stage functionalization of a caprofen drug derivative and large-scale synthesis of mono- and di-arylated carbazoles were demonstrated to showcase the synthetic versatility of the method. Finally, we also showcased the synthesis of hyellazole analogues (a marine alkaloid) in a short route using our strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Shahid
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India.
| | - Perumal Muthuraja
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India.
| | - Purushothaman Gopinath
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen C, Jiao H, Chen D, Tang T, Xu ZF, Duan S, Li CY. Access to tetrahydrocarbazoles and pyrrolo[3,4- b]carbazoles through sequential reactions of triazoles and indoles. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:2802-2807. [PMID: 35311858 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00164k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tetrahydrocarbazoles and pyrrolo[3,4-b]carbazoles could be synthesized conveniently through sequential reactions of ester-tethered 1-sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles and indoles. The reaction conditions were mild and the procedures were quite simple. Moreover, the key intermediate α,β-unsaturated imine acted as a [2C] synthon in the [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction, and the imino group could be used as a nucleophile to construct the fourth ring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Hongjian Jiao
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Tao Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Ze-Feng Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Shengguo Duan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Chuan-Ying Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang H, Li QZ, Liu YQ, Leng HJ, Xiang P, Dai QS, He XH, Huang W, Li JL. Dearomative [4 + 2] annulations between 3-nitroindoles and enals through oxidative N-heterocyclic carbene catalysis. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00868k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A novel intermolecular dearomative [4 + 2] annulation of 3-nitroindoles and enals under oxidative N-heterocyclic carbene catalysis has been developed. This protocol was also suitable for the oxidative cyclisation of 2-nitrobenzothiophenes with enals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources
- School of Pharmacy
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu 611137
- China
| | - Qing-Zhu Li
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics
- Chengdu University
- Chengdu 610052
- PR China
| | - Yan-Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources
- School of Pharmacy
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu 611137
- China
| | - Hai-Jun Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources
- School of Pharmacy
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu 611137
- China
| | - Peng Xiang
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics
- Chengdu University
- Chengdu 610052
- PR China
| | - Qing-Song Dai
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics
- Chengdu University
- Chengdu 610052
- PR China
| | - Xiang-Hong He
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources
- School of Pharmacy
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu 611137
- China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources
- School of Pharmacy
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu 611137
- China
| | - Jun-Long Li
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics
- Chengdu University
- Chengdu 610052
- PR China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Du Y, Xue W, Gao R, Gu Y, Han L. [4+2] Annulation of 3-(2,2-diethoxyethyl)-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds with indoles catalyzed by Brønsted acid ionic liquid for the synthesis of carbazoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
6
|
Suzuki C, Hirano K, Satoh T, Miura M. Direct synthesis of N-H carbazoles via iridium(III)-catalyzed intramolecular C-H amination. Org Lett 2015; 17:1597-600. [PMID: 25760543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The iridium-catalyzed dehydrogenative cyclization of 2-aminobiphenyls proceeds smoothly in the presence of a copper cocatalyst under air as a terminal oxidant through intramolecular direct C-H amination to produce N-H carbazoles. A similar iridium/copper system can also catalyze the unprecedented dimerization reaction of 2-aminobiphenyl involving 2-fold C-H/N-H couplings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiharu Suzuki
- †Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koji Hirano
- †Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Satoh
- †Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,‡JST, ACT-C, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Masahiro Miura
- †Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
A copper/β-diketone-catalysedN-arylation of carbazoles with aryl iodides is developed with broad substrate applicability and moderate to good yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi
- China
| | - Ning Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi
- China
| | - Enhui Ji
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi
- China
| | - Bin Dai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi
- China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Guerra WD, Rossi RA, Pierini AB, Barolo SM. “Transition-Metal-Free” Synthesis of Carbazoles by Photostimulated Reactions of 2′-Halo[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-amines. J Org Chem 2014; 80:928-41. [DOI: 10.1021/jo5024393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Walter D. Guerra
- INFIQC, Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Roberto A. Rossi
- INFIQC, Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Adriana B. Pierini
- INFIQC, Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Silvia M. Barolo
- INFIQC, Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rasheed S, Rao DN, Reddy KR, Aravinda S, Vishwakarma RA, Das P. C–N bond formation via Cu-catalyzed cross-coupling with boronic acids leading to methyl carbazole-3-carboxylate: synthesis of carbazole alkaloids. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra44903c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
10
|
Wu Y, Peng X, Luo B, Wu F, Liu B, Song F, Huang P, Wen S. Palladium catalyzed dual C–H functionalization of indoles with cyclic diaryliodoniums, an approach to ring fused carbazole derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:9777-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02170c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As the tile reaction shows, an array of dibenzocarbazoles were obtained via dual C–H functionalization of indoles with cyclic diaryliodoniums in a single operation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongcheng Wu
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaopeng Peng
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bingling Luo
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine
- Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Fuhai Wu
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
- Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fenyun Song
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine
- Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Shijun Wen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine
- Guangzhou 510060, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhu D, Liu Q, Luo B, Chen M, Pi R, Huang P, Wen S. Synthesis of CarbazolesviaOne-Pot Copper-Catalyzed Amine Insertion into Cyclic Diphenyleneiodoniums as a Strategy to Generate a Drug-Like Chemical Library. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
12
|
Sakr TM, Moustapha ME, Motaleb MA. 99mTc-nebivolol as a novel heart imaging radiopharmaceutical for myocardial infarction assessment. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-012-2168-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
13
|
|
14
|
Motaleb MA, Moustapha ME, Ibrahim IT. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 125I-nebivolol as a potential cardioselective agent for imaging β1-adrenoceptors. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-011-1069-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
15
|
Laronze-Cochard M, Cochard F, Daras E, Lansiaux A, Brassart B, Vanquelef E, Prost E, Nuzillard JM, Baldeyrou B, Goosens JF, Lozach O, Meijer L, Riou JF, Henon E, Sapi J. Synthesis and biological evaluation of new penta- and heptacyclic indolo- and quinolinocarbazole ring systems obtained via Pd0 catalysed reductive N-heteroannulation. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:4625-36. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00149j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
16
|
Tsang WCP, Munday RH, Brasche G, Zheng N, Buchwald SL. Palladium-catalyzed method for the synthesis of carbazoles via tandem C-H functionalization and C-N bond formation. J Org Chem 2008; 73:7603-10. [PMID: 18761437 PMCID: PMC2748774 DOI: 10.1021/jo801273q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of a new method for the assembly of unsymmetrical carbazoles is reported. The strategy involves the selective intramolecular functionalization of an arene C-H bond and the formation of a new arene C-N bond. The substitution pattern of the carbazole product can be controlled by the design of the biaryl amide substrate, and the method is compatible with a variety of functional groups. The utility of the new protocol was demonstrated by the concise synthesis of three natural products from commercially available materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W. C. Peter Tsang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Rachel H. Munday
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Gordon Brasche
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Nan Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Stephen L. Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sissouma D, Maingot L, Collet S, Guingant A. Concise and efficient synthesis of calothrixin B. J Org Chem 2007; 71:8384-9. [PMID: 17064009 DOI: 10.1021/jo061270o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A convergent synthesis of the naturally occurring alkaloid Calothrixin B is presented, which used a regioselective hetero-Diels-Alder reaction between a "push-pull" 2-aza-diene and a N-protected 3-bromo-9H-carbazole-1,4-dione to construct the five-ring skeleton of the molecule. Protection of the indole motif with a benzyl group was unattractive for delivery of sufficient target material because the removal of the protecting group had not been high yielding. We therefore elected to temporarily protect the indole motif with a more labile benzyloxycarbonyl group. Accordingly, the synthesis of calothrixin B proceeded in 17% overall yield over 9 steps from the commercially available 1,2,3,9-tetrahydro-4H-carbazol-4-one.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Drissa Sissouma
- Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, CNRS, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique (LSO), UMR CNRS 6513, 2, rue de la Houssinière-BP 92208-44322 Nantes, Cedex 3, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Comparison of reactivities of 1- and 4-oxotetrahydrocarbazoles in reactions with nucleophilic and electrophilic reagents. Russ Chem Bull 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-006-0054-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
19
|
Czeskis BA, Wheeler WJ. Synthesis ofβ3 adrenergic receptor agonistLY377604 and its metabolite 4-hydroxycarbazole, labeled with carbon-14 and deuterium. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
20
|
Steffan RJ, Ashwell MA, Solvibile WR, Matelan E, Largis E, Han S, Tillet J, Mulvey R. Novel substituted 4-aminomethylpiperidines as potent and selective human β3-agonists. Part 1: aryloxypropanolaminomethylpiperidines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:2957-61. [PMID: 12270183 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00607-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and SAR of a series of human beta3 adrenoreceptor agonists based on a template derived from a common pharmacophore coupled with 4-aminomethylpiperidine is described. Potent and selective agents were identified such as 26 that was in vitro active in CHO cells expressing human beta3-AR (EC50=49 nM, IA=1.1), and in vivo active in a transgenic mouse model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Steffan
- Chemical Sciences, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Rd, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kumamoto T, Aoyama N, Nakano S, Ishikawa T, Narimatsu S. Synthesis of enantiomeric 4-hydroxypropranolols from 1,4-dihydroxynaphthalene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(01)00122-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
22
|
Kitaori K, Furukawa Y, Yoshimoto H, Otera J. CsF in organic synthesis. The first and convenient synthesis of enantiopure bisoprolol by use of glycidyl nosylate. Tetrahedron Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(98)00452-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|