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Kiyokawa K, Kawanaka K, Minakata S. Amino-λ 3 -iodane-Enabled Electrophilic Amination of Arylboronic Acid Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319048. [PMID: 38272833 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
In this report, we describe the use of amino-λ3 -iodanes in the electrophilic amination of arylboronic acids and boronates. Iodine(III) reagents with transferable amino groups, including one with an NH2 group, were synthesized and used in the amination, allowing the synthesis of a wide range of primary and secondary (hetero)arylamines. Mechanistic studies by DFT calculations indicate that the reaction proceeds through an electrophilic amination process from a tetravalent borate complex with a B-N dative bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Kiyokawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kawanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Minakata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Romero IE, Postigo A, Bonesi SM. Preparation of Carbazoles Involving 6π-Electrocyclization, Photoredox-, Electrochemical-, and Thermal Cyclization Reactions: Mechanistic Insights. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303229. [PMID: 38032158 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Carbazole is a heterocyclic motif that can be found in a diverse array of natural and unnatural products displaying a wide range of biological and physiological properties. Furthermore, this heterocycle is part of electronic materials like photoconducting polymers and organic optoelectronic materials owing to its excellent photophysical characteristics. Consequently, the development of synthetic strategies for carbazole scaffolds holds potential significance in biological and material fields. In this regard, a variety of preparation methods has been developed to exploit their efficient and distinct formation of new C-C and C-heteroatom bonds under mild conditions and enabling broad substrate diversity and functional group tolerance. Therefore, this review focuses on the synthesis of a set of carbazole derivatives describing a variety of methodologies that involve direct irradiation, photosensitization, photoredox, electrochemical and thermal cyclization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan E Romero
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Argentina
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Junín 954, Buenos Aires, CP 1113, Argentina
| | - Al Postigo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Junín 954, Buenos Aires, CP 1113, Argentina
| | - Sergio M Bonesi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Argentina
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Argentina
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Afanasenko A, Kavun A, Thomas D, Li CJ. A One-Pot Approach for Bio-Based Arylamines via a Combined Photooxidative Dearomatization-Rearomatization Strategy. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200309. [PMID: 35393648 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of arylamines from renewable resources under mild reaction conditions is highly desired for the sustainability of the chemical industry, where the production of hazardous waste is a prime concern. However, to date, there are very few tools in chemists' toolboxes that are able to produce arylamines in a sustainable manner. Herein, a robust one-pot approach for constructing bio-based arylamines via a combined photooxidative dearomatization-rearomatization strategy is presented. The developed methodology enables the synthesis of structurally complex amines in moderate-to-good isolated yields using biomass-derived phenols, natural α-amino acids, and naphthols under remarkably mild reaction conditions. For the photooxygenation of phenols, a novel chrysazine-based catalyst system was introduced, demonstrating its efficiency for the synthesis of natural products - hallerone, rengyolone, and the pharmaceutically relevant prodrug DHED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Afanasenko
- Department of Chemistry and, FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Aleksei Kavun
- Department of Chemistry and, FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Dylan Thomas
- Department of Chemistry and, FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and, FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
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Carlsson J, Åström T, Östman C, Nilsson U. Disperse azo dyes, arylamines and halogenated dinitrobenzene compounds in synthetic garments on the Swedish market. Contact Dermatitis 2022; 87:315-324. [PMID: 35611449 PMCID: PMC9542814 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Azobenzene disperse dyes (azo DDs) are well‐known as textile allergens, but the knowledge of their occurrence in garments is low. The numerous azo DDs and dye components found in textiles constitute a potential health risk, but only seven azo DDs are included in the European baseline patch test series (EBS). Objectives To investigate non‐regulated azo DDs and dye components in synthetic garments on the Swedish market. Methods High‐performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and computerized data mining. Results Sixty‐two azo DDs were detected, with Disperse Red 167:1 occurring in 67%, and 14 other DDs each found in >20% of the garments. Notably, the EBS dyes were less common, three even not detected, while arylamines were frequently detected and exceeded 1 mg/g in several garments. Also, halogenated dinitrobenzenes were identified in 25% of the textiles. Conclusion Azo DDs and dye components, in complex compositions and with large variations, occurred frequently in the synthetic garments. The arylamines were shown to occur at much higher levels compared to the azo DDs, suggesting the former constitute a potentially higher health risk. The role of arylamines and halogenated dinitrobenzenes in textile allergy has to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Carlsson
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tim Åström
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Conny Östman
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Nilsson
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Purkait N, Kervefors G, Linde E, Olofsson B. Regiospecific N-Arylation of Aliphatic Amines under Mild and Metal-Free Reaction Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11427-11431. [PMID: 29956877 PMCID: PMC6120470 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A transition metal‐free N‐arylation of primary and secondary amines with diaryliodonium salts is presented. Both acyclic and cyclic amines are well tolerated, providing a large set of N‐alkyl anilines. The methodology is unprecedented among metal‐free methods in terms of amine scope, the ability to transfer both electron‐withdrawing and electron‐donating aryl groups, and efficient use of resources, as excess substrate or reagents are not required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nibadita Purkait
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gabriella Kervefors
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erika Linde
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Berit Olofsson
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
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Uebe M, Kato T, Tanaka K, Ito A. 9,10-Diaminoanthracenes Revisited: The Influence of N-Substituents on Their Electronic States. Chemistry 2016; 22:18923-18931. [PMID: 27859728 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The electronic and molecular structures of 9,10-diamino-substituted anthracenes with different N-substituents have been re-examined. In particular, different N-substituents influence both the electronic and molecular structures of the oxidized species of 9,10-diaminoanthracenes. The anthrylene moiety of 9,10-bis(N,N-di(p-anisyl)amino)anthracene retains its planarity during the course of two successive one-electron oxidations, whereas 9,10-bis(N,N-dimethylamino)anthracene and 9,10-bis(N-p-anisyl-N-methylamino)anthracene undergo a substantial structural change to a butterfly-like structure through a two-electron oxidation process. The structural changes observed for the oxidized states are ascribed to significant differences in the frontier molecular orbitals of the above-mentioned three kinds of 9,10-diaminoanthracenes due to different extents of mixing between the amine-localized and anthrylene-localized orbitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Uebe
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tatsuhisa Kato
- Institute for Liberal Arts and Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ito
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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Green J, Banks E, Berrington A, Darby S, Deo H, Newton R. N-acetyltransferase 2 and bladder cancer: an overview and consideration of the evidence for gene-environment interaction. Br J Cancer 2000; 83:412-7. [PMID: 10917561 PMCID: PMC2374558 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.2000.1265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic polymorphism of the carcinogen metabolizing enzyme N-acetyl transferase 2 (NAT2) may influence susceptibility to bladder cancers related to smoking or to occupational exposure to arylamine carcinogens. This article reviews the results of 21 published case-control studies of NAT2 polymorphism and bladder-cancer risk, with a total of 2700 cases and 3426 controls. The published evidence suggests that NAT2 slow acetylator phenotype or genotype may be associated with a small increase in bladder cancer risk. However, given the possibility of selective publication of results from studies that found an excess risk, the current evidence is not sufficient to conclude that there is a real increase in risk. Only five of the 21 studies reported results separately for the effect of NAT2 on bladder cancer risk in smokers and non-smokers. Although the results suggest that the effect may be greater in smokers than in non-smokers, the possibility of publication bias makes these results difficult to interpret. There was insufficient evidence to assess the joint effect of NAT2 and occupational exposure to arylamines on bladder cancer risk. Even if estimates of the effect of NAT2 from published data are correct, studies with around 3000-5000 cases will be needed to confirm them.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Green
- Imperial Cancer Research Fund Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Infirmary, UK
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