1
|
Savir S, Liew JWK, Vythilingam I, Lim YAL, Tan CH, Sim KS, Lee VS, Maah MJ, Tan KW. Nickel(II) Complexes with Polyhydroxybenzaldehyde and O,N,S tridentate Thiosemicarbazone ligands: Synthesis, Cytotoxicity, Antimalarial Activity, and Molecular Docking Studies. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
2
|
Arias MH, Quiliano M, Bourgeade-Delmas S, Fabing I, Chantal I, Berthier D, Minet C, Eparvier V, Sorres J, Stien D, Galiano S, Aldana I, Valentin A, Garavito G, Deharo E. Alsinol, an arylamino alcohol derivative active against Plasmodium, Babesia, Trypanosoma, and Leishmania: past and new outcomes. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:3503-3515. [PMID: 32772176 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06832-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Malaria, babesiosis, trypanosomosis, and leishmaniasis are some of the most life-threatening parasites, but the range of drugs to treat them is limited. An effective, safe, and low-cost drug with a large activity spectrum is urgently needed. For this purpose, an aryl amino alcohol derivative called Alsinol was resynthesized, screened in silico, and tested against Plasmodium, Babesia, Trypanosoma, and Leishmania. In silico Alsinol follows the Lipinski and Ghose rules. In vitro it had schizontocidal activity against Plasmodium falciparum and was able to inhibit gametocytogenesis; it was particularly active against late gametocytes. In malaria-infected mice, it showed a dose-dependent activity similar to chloroquine. It demonstrated a similar level of activity to reference compounds against Babesia divergens, and against promastigotes, and amastigotes stages of Leishmania in vitro. It inhibited the in vitro growth of two African animal strains of Trypanosoma but was ineffective in vivo in our experimental conditions. It showed moderate toxicity in J774A1 and Vero cell models. The study demonstrated that Alsinol has a large spectrum of activity and is potentially affordable to produce. Nevertheless, challenges remain in the process of scaling up synthesis, creating a suitable clinical formulation, and determining the safety margin in preclinical models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria H Arias
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Farmacia, Grupo de Investigación FaMeTra (Farmacología de la Medicina Tradicional y Popular), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Carrera 30 45-03, Bogotá D.C., 111321, Colombia
| | - Miguel Quiliano
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Research and Innovation, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 15023, Lima, Peru
| | - Sandra Bourgeade-Delmas
- UMR 152 PHARMA-DEV, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement IRD, Université de Toulouse UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Fabing
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physicochimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (SPCMIB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 31062, Cedex 09, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Chantal
- UMR INTERTRYP, CIRAD, F-34398, Montpellier, France.,INTERTRYP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - David Berthier
- UMR INTERTRYP, CIRAD, F-34398, Montpellier, France.,INTERTRYP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Cécile Minet
- UMR INTERTRYP, CIRAD, F-34398, Montpellier, France.,INTERTRYP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Veronique Eparvier
- ICSN-CNRS UPR 2301 Équipe "Métabolites de végétaux et micro-organismes associés: isolement, synthèse et bioactivité", 91198 cedex, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jonathan Sorres
- ICSN-CNRS UPR 2301 Équipe "Métabolites de végétaux et micro-organismes associés: isolement, synthèse et bioactivité", 91198 cedex, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Didier Stien
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Microbienne, LBBM, Observatoire Océanologique, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 66650, Banyuls-sur-mer, France
| | - Silvia Galiano
- Facultad de Farmacia y Nutrición, Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Universidad de Navarra, Campus Universitario, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Aldana
- Facultad de Farmacia y Nutrición, Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Universidad de Navarra, Campus Universitario, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alexis Valentin
- UMR 152 PHARMA-DEV, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement IRD, Université de Toulouse UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Giovanny Garavito
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Farmacia, Grupo de Investigación FaMeTra (Farmacología de la Medicina Tradicional y Popular), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Carrera 30 45-03, Bogotá D.C., 111321, Colombia.
| | - Eric Deharo
- UMR 152 PHARMA-DEV, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement IRD, Université de Toulouse UPS, Toulouse, France.,Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Représentation IRD Ban Nasay, Saysettha District, P.O. Box 5992, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Quiliano M, Pabón A, Moles E, Bonilla-Ramirez L, Fabing I, Fong KY, Nieto-Aco DA, Wright DW, Pizarro JC, Vettorazzi A, López de Cerain A, Deharo E, Fernández-Busquets X, Garavito G, Aldana I, Galiano S. Structure-activity relationship of new antimalarial 1-aryl-3-susbtituted propanol derivatives: Synthesis, preliminary toxicity profiling, parasite life cycle stage studies, target exploration, and targeted delivery. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 152:489-514. [PMID: 29754074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Design, synthesis, structure-activity relationship, cytotoxicity studies, in silico drug-likeness, genotoxicity screening, and in vivo studies of new 1-aryl-3-substituted propanol derivatives led to the identification of nine compounds with promising in vitro (55, 56, 61, 64, 66, and 70-73) and in vivo (66 and 72) antimalarial profiles against Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium berghei. Compounds 55, 56, 61, 64, 66 and 70-73 exhibited potent antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine-resistant strain FCR-3 (IC50s < 0.28 μM), and compounds 55, 56, 64, 70, 71, and 72 showed potent biological activity in chloroquine-sensitive and multidrug-resistant strains (IC50s < 0.7 μM for 3D7, D6, FCR-3 and C235). All of these compounds share appropriate drug-likeness profiles and adequate selectivity indexes (77 < SI < 184) as well as lack genotoxicity. In vivo efficacy tests in a mouse model showed compounds 66 and 72 to be promising candidates as they exhibited significant parasitemia reductions of 96.4% and 80.4%, respectively. Additional studies such as liver stage and sporogony inhibition, target exploration of heat shock protein 90 of P. falciparum, targeted delivery by immunoliposomes, and enantiomer characterization were performed and strongly reinforce the hypothesis of 1-aryl-3-substituted propanol derivatives as promising antimalarial compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Quiliano
- Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Salud Tropical (ISTUN), Campus Universitario, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Universidad de Navarra, Facultad de Farmacia y Nutrición, Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Campus Universitario, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Adriana Pabón
- Grupo Malaria, Universidad de Antioquía, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ernest Moles
- Nanomalaria Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona Center for International Health Research (CRESIB, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Rosselló 149-153, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Isabelle Fabing
- Laboratoire de Synthese et Physicochimie de Molécules d'Intéret Biologique SPCMIB-UMR5068, CNRS - Université Paul Sabatier, 118, route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Kim Y Fong
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Station B 351822, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Diego A Nieto-Aco
- Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Salud Tropical (ISTUN), Campus Universitario, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Universidad de Navarra, Facultad de Farmacia y Nutrición, Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Campus Universitario, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - David W Wright
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Station B 351822, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Juan C Pizarro
- Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University USA; Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases Research Center, Tulane University USA
| | - Ariane Vettorazzi
- Universidad de Navarra, Facultad de Farmacia y Nutrición, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Campus Universitario, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Adela López de Cerain
- Universidad de Navarra, Facultad de Farmacia y Nutrición, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Campus Universitario, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Eric Deharo
- UMR 152 PHARMA-DEV, Université Toulouse, IRD, UPS, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Xavier Fernández-Busquets
- Nanomalaria Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona Center for International Health Research (CRESIB, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Rosselló 149-153, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giovanny Garavito
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Farmacia (DFUNC), Grupo de investigación FaMeTra (Farmacología de la Medicina tradicional y popular), Carrera 30 45-03, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Ignacio Aldana
- Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Salud Tropical (ISTUN), Campus Universitario, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Universidad de Navarra, Facultad de Farmacia y Nutrición, Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Campus Universitario, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Silvia Galiano
- Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Salud Tropical (ISTUN), Campus Universitario, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Universidad de Navarra, Facultad de Farmacia y Nutrición, Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Campus Universitario, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Quiliano M, Mendoza A, Fong KY, Pabón A, Goldfarb NE, Fabing I, Vettorazzi A, López de Cerain A, Dunn BM, Garavito G, Wright DW, Deharo E, Pérez-Silanes S, Aldana I, Galiano S. Exploring the scope of new arylamino alcohol derivatives: Synthesis, antimalarial evaluation, toxicological studies, and target exploration. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE 2016; 6:184-198. [PMID: 27718413 PMCID: PMC5061469 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of new 1-aryl-3-substituted propanol derivatives followed by structure-activity relationship, in silico drug-likeness, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, in silico metabolism, in silico pharmacophore modeling, and in vivo studies led to the identification of compounds 22 and 23 with significant in vitro antiplasmodial activity against drug sensitive (D6 IC50 ≤ 0.19 μM) and multidrug resistant (FCR-3 IC50 ≤ 0.40 μM and C235 IC50 ≤ 0.28 μM) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Adequate selectivity index and absence of genotoxicity was also observed. Notably, compound 22 displays excellent parasitemia reduction (98 ± 1%), and complete cure with all treated mice surviving through the entire period with no signs of toxicity. One important factor is the agreement between in vitro potency and in vivo studies. Target exploration was performed; this chemotype series exhibits an alternative antimalarial mechanism. New aryl-substituted propanol derivatives (APD) show promising antimalarial activity. γ-amino alcohol moiety is significant antimalarial chemotype. Compound 22 displays excellent in vivo parasitemia reduction (98%) and complete cure. APD are active against drug sensitive and multidrug resistant strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Quiliano
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain; Institute of Tropical Health (ISTUN), University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
| | - Adela Mendoza
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
| | - Kim Y Fong
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Station B 351822, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Adriana Pabón
- Grupo Malaria, Universidad de Antioquía, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Nathan E Goldfarb
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Isabelle Fabing
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physicochimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique SPCMIB - UMR5068, CNRS - Université Paul Sabatier, 118, route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Ariane Vettorazzi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
| | - Adela López de Cerain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
| | - Ben M Dunn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Giovanny Garavito
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Farmacia (DFUNC), Grupo de investigación FaMeTra (Farmacología de la Medicina tradicional y popular), Carrera 30 45-03, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - David W Wright
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Station B 351822, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Eric Deharo
- UMR 152 PHARMA-DEV, Université Toulouse, IRD, UPS, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Silvia Pérez-Silanes
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain; Institute of Tropical Health (ISTUN), University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
| | - Ignacio Aldana
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain; Institute of Tropical Health (ISTUN), University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
| | - Silvia Galiano
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain; Institute of Tropical Health (ISTUN), University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kobarfard F, Yardley V, Little S, Daryaee F, Chibale K. Synthesis of aminoquinoline-based aminoalcohols and oxazolidinones and their antiplasmodial activity. Chem Biol Drug Des 2012; 79:326-31. [PMID: 22129095 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2011.01278.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Novel aminoquinoline β-aminoalcohol and oxazolidinone derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for in vitro antiplasmodial activity against a chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and chloroquine-resistant (K1) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. A few β-aminoalcohol derivatives were more potent than chloroquine against chloroquine-sensetive Plasmodiums. The potency of these derivatives decreased against chloroquine-resistant species in all cases (higher resistance indices), suggesting a possible cross-resistance between this group of compounds and chloroquine which could be due to their structural similarity. Although changing β-aminoalcohols to their oxazolidinone counterparts decreased the potency in all the cases, the compounds were still active and the resistance indices for these compounds improved significantly in comparison with those of β-aminoalcohols. This may indicate the absence of cross-resistance between these new derivatives and chloroquine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Kobarfard
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shaheed-Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jonet A, Dassonville-Klimpt A, Da Nascimento S, Leger JM, Guillon J, Sonnet P. First enantioselective synthesis of 4-aminoalcohol quinoline derivatives through a regioselective SN2 epoxide opening mechanism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2011.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
7
|
Wheeler SE, Houk KN. Through-Space Effects of Substituents Dominate Molecular Electrostatic Potentials of Substituted Arenes. J Chem Theory Comput 2009; 5:2301-2312. [PMID: 20161573 DOI: 10.1021/ct900344g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Model systems have been studied using density functional theory to assess the contributions of π-resonance and through-space effects on electrostatic potentials of substituted arenes. The results contradict the widespread assumption that changes in molecular ESPs reflect only local changes in the electron density. Substituent effects on the ESP above the molecular plane are commonly attributed to changes in the aryl π-system. We show that ESP changes for a collection of substituted benzenes and more complex aromatic systems can be accounted for mostly by through-space effects, with no change in the aryl π-electron density. Only when π-resonance effects are substantial do they influence changes in the ESP above the aromatic ring to any extent. Examples of substituted arenes studied here are taken from the fields of drug design, host-guest chemistry, and crystal engineering. These findings emphasize the potential pitfalls of assuming ESP changes reflect changes in the local electron density. Since ESP changes are frequently used to rationalize and predict intermolecular interactions, these findings have profound implications for our understanding of substituent effects in countless areas of chemistry and molecular biology. Specifically, in many non-covalent interactions there are significant, often neglected, through-space interactions with the substituents. Finally, the present results explain the perhaps unexpectedly good performance of many molecular mechanics force-fields applied to supramolecular assembly phenomena and π-π interactions in biological systems despite the neglect of the polarization of the aryl π-system by substituents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven E Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Daga PR, Doerksen RJ. Stereoelectronic properties of spiroquinazolinones in differential PDE7 inhibitory activity. J Comput Chem 2008; 29:1945-54. [PMID: 18366018 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.20960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A detailed computational study on a series of spiroquinazolinones showing phosphodiesterase 7 (PDE7) inhibitory activity was performed to understand the binding mode and the role of stereoelectronic properties in binding. Our docking studies reproduced the essential hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions for inhibitors of this class of enzymes. The N1 proton of the quinazolinone scaffold was involved in H-bonding to an amide side chain of the conserved glutamine residue in the active site. The central bicyclic ring of the molecules showed hydrophobic and pi-stacking interactions with hydrophobic and aromatic amino acid residues, respectively, present in the PDE7 active site. The docked conformations were optimized with density functional theory (DFT) and DFT electronic properties were calculated. Comparison of molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) plots of inhibitors with the active site of PDE7 suggested that the electronic distribution in the molecules is as important as steric factors for binding of the molecules to the receptor. The hydrogen bonding ability and nucleophilic nature of N1 appeared to be important for governing the interaction with PDE7. For less active inhibitors (pIC(50) < 6.5), the MEP maximum at N1 of the spiroquinazolinone ring was high or low based on the electronic properties of the substituents. All the more active molecules (pIC(50) > 6.5) had MEP highest at N3, not N1. Efficient binding of these inhibitors may need some rearrangement of side chains of active-site residues, especially Asn365. This computational modeling study should aid in design of new molecules in this class with improved PDE7 inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj R Daga
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677-1848, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Raevsky OA. Molecular structure descriptors in the computer-aided design of biologically active compounds. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2007. [DOI: 10.1070/rc1999v068n06abeh000425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
10
|
Madapa S, Singh V, Batra S. An alternate approach to quinoline architecture via Baylis–Hillman chemistry: SnCl2-mediated tandem reaction toward synthesis of 4-(substituted vinyl)-quinolines. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.06.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
11
|
La-Scalea MA, Menezes CM, Matsutami GC, Polli MC, Serrano SH, Ferreira EI. Molecular modeling of the voltammetric oxidation at a glassy carbon electrode of the antimalarial drug primaquine and its prodrugs succinylprimaquine and maleylprimaquine. Electrochim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2006.03.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
12
|
Bhattacharjee AK, Gupta RK. Analysis of molecular stereoelectronic similarity between N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) analogs and insect juvenile hormone to develop a model pharmacophore for insect repellent activity. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 2005; 21:23-9. [PMID: 16921680 DOI: 10.2987/8756-971x(2005)21[23:aomssb]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Similarity analysis on molecular stereoelectronic properties of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET), natural insect juvenile hormone (JH), a synthetic insect juvenile hormone mimic (JH-mimic, undecen-2-yl carbamate), and DEET compounds reveals remarkable similarities that lead to a reliable pharmacophore for the design of efficacious insect repellents and provide insights for understanding the mechanism of repellent action. The study involves an AM1 quantum chemical computational procedure enabling a conformational search for the lowest and most abundant energy conformers of JH, JH-mimic, and 15 DEET compounds and complete geometry optimization of the conformers. Similarity analyses of stereoelectronic properties such as structural parameters, atomic charges, dipole moments, molecular electrostatic potentials, and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energies were performed on JH, JH-mimic, and the DEET compounds. Similarity of stereoelectronic attributes of the amide/ester moiety, negative electrostatic potential regions beyond the molecular surface, and a large distribution of hydrophobic regions in the compounds appears to be the 3 important factors leading to a similar interaction with the JH receptor. The similarity of electrostatic profiles beyond the molecular surface is likely to play a crucial role toward molecular recognition interaction with the JH receptor from a distance which suggests a possible electrostatic bioisosterism of the amide group of the DEET compounds and JH-mimic and, thus, a model for molecular recognition at the JH receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Apurba K Bhattacharjee
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Molecular and electronic properties of HIV-1 protease inhibitor C60 derivatives as studied by the ONIOM method. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2004.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
14
|
Portela C, Afonso CMM, Pinto MMM, Ramos MJ. Definition of an electronic profile of compounds with inhibitory activity against hematin aggregation in malaria parasite. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 12:3313-21. [PMID: 15158799 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2004] [Accepted: 03/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is one of the most important parasitic diseases, affecting almost half of the world and posing a threat to the other half. Xanthone derivatives can behave as antimalarial drugs in the same mechanistic way as chloroquine and other related quinolines. This action is due to the inhibition of the detoxification pathway of the parasite, responsible for the production of hemozoin. We report a study of the electronic properties of the xanthonic and quinolinic compounds based on DFT calculations, in order to determine a pattern that could be applied to the development of new potentially active antimalarial molecules. As a result, a new interpretation of structure-activity relationship of the quinoline antimalarial drugs, and of the active hydroxylated xanthones is proposed here. We conclude that electronic features rather than steric factors control primarily the inhibitory activity of the studied compounds against hematin aggregation, concurring to a potential antimalarial activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- César Portela
- Centro de Estudos de Química Orgânica, Fitoquímica e Farmacologia da Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Farmácia, Rua Aníbal Cunha, 164 4050-047 Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dow GS, Koenig ML, Wolf L, Gerena L, Lopez-Sanchez M, Hudson TH, Bhattacharjee AK. The antimalarial potential of 4-quinolinecarbinolamines may be limited due to neurotoxicity and cross-resistance in mefloquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 48:2624-32. [PMID: 15215119 PMCID: PMC434181 DOI: 10.1128/aac.48.7.2624-2632.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical potential of mefloquine has been compromised by reports of adverse neurological effects. A series of 4-quinolinecarbinolamines were compared in terms of neurotoxicity and antimalarial activity in an attempt to identify replacement drugs. Neurotoxicity (MTT [thiazolyl blue reduction] assay) was assessed by exposure of cultured embryonic rat neurons to graded concentrations of the drugs for 20 min. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of mefloquine was 25 microM, while those of the analogs were 19 to 200 microM. The relative (to mefloquine) therapeutic indices of the analogs were determined after using the tritiated hypoxanthine assay for assessment of the antimalarial activity of the analogs against mefloquine-sensitive (W2) and -resistant (D6 and TM91C235) Plasmodium falciparum strains. Five analogs, WR157801, WR073892, WR007930, WR007333, and WR226253, were less neurotoxic than mefloquine and exhibited higher relative therapeutic indices (RTIs) against TM91C235 (2.9 to 12.2). Conventional quinoline antimalarials were generally less neurotoxic (IC(50)s of 400, 600, and 900 for amodiaquine, chloroquine, and quinine) or had higher RTIs (e.g., 30 for halofantrine against TM91C235). The neurotoxicity data for the 4-quinolinecarbinolamines were used to develop a three-dimensional (3D), function-based pharmacophore. The crucial molecular features correlated with neurotoxicity were a hydrogen bond acceptor (lipid) function, an aliphatic hydrophobic function, and a ring aromatic function specifically distributed in the 3D surface of the molecule. Mapping of the 3D structures of a series of structurally diverse quinolines to the pharmacophore allowed accurate qualitative predictions of neurotoxicity (or not) to be made. Extension of this in silico screening approach may aid in the identification of less-neurotoxic quinoline analogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey S Dow
- Parasitology Department, Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Portela C, Afonso CMM, Pinto MMM, Ramos MJ. Computational studies of new potential antimalarial compounds--stereoelectronic complementarity with the receptor. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2004; 17:583-95. [PMID: 14713190 DOI: 10.1023/b:jcam.0000005754.24588.a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
One of the most important pharmacological mechanisms of antimalarial action is the inhibition of the aggregation of hematin into hemozoin. We present a group of new potential antimalarial molecules for which we have performed a DFT study of their stereoelectronic properties. Additionally, the same calculations were carried out for the two putative drug receptors involved in the referred activity, i.e., hematin mu-oxo dimer and hemozoin. A complementarity between the structural and electronic profiles of the planned molecules and the receptors can be observed. A docking study of the new compounds in relation to the two putative receptors is also presented, providing a correlation with the defined electrostatic complementarity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- César Portela
- Centro de Estudos de Química Orgânica, Fitoquímica e Farmacologia da Universidade do Porto--Faculdade de Farmácia, Rua Aníbal Cunha, 164, 4050-047 Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pinheiro J, Kiralj R, Ferreira M, Romero O. Artemisinin Derivatives with Antimalarial Activity againstPlasmodium falciparum Designed with the Aid of Quantum Chemical and Partial Least Squares Methods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/qsar.200330829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
18
|
Clarkson C, Musonda CC, Chibale K, Campbell WE, Smith P. Synthesis of totarol amino alcohol derivatives and their antiplasmodial activity and cytotoxicity. Bioorg Med Chem 2003; 11:4417-22. [PMID: 13129578 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(03)00491-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The previously unknown antiplasmodial activity of the plant derived natural product totarol is reported. Novel beta-amino alcohol derivatives based on this natural product were designed, synthesised and evaluated for in vitro antiplasmodial activity and cytotoxicity. These derivatives showed antiplasmodial IC50 values in the range of 0.6-3.0 microM and were equally active against a chloroquine-sensitive and resistant strain of Plasmodium falciparum, while showing little cytotoxicity against a mammalian cell line (CHO). In terms of lead development, two of the compounds based on substituted phenylpiperazine warrant further investigation as potential antiplasmodial leads. In addition to their selective antiplasmodial activity and lack of chloroquine cross-resistance, these compounds are structurally different to any of the available antimalarial drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cailean Clarkson
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, K-45 OMB, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Portela C, Afonso CMM, Pinto MMM, Ramos MJ. Receptor-drug association studies in the inhibition of the hematin aggregation process of malaria. FEBS Lett 2003; 547:217-22. [PMID: 12860417 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(03)00692-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Docking studies were performed to investigate the binding of several antimalarial compounds to the putative drug receptors involved in the hematin aggregation process. These studies reveal a binding profile that correlates with the complementarity of electrostatic potentials between the receptors and the active molecules. These results allow a possible explanation for the same molecular mechanism shown by 4-aminoquinolines, quinine, mefloquine, halofantrine and hydroxylated xanthones. The docking data presented in this work offer an interesting approach to the design of new molecules with potential antimalarial activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- César Portela
- Centro de Estudos de Química Orgânica, Fitoquímica e Farmacologia da Universidade do Porto - Faculdade de Farmácia, Rua Aníbal Cunha 164, 4050-047, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Riel MA, Kyle DE, Bhattacharjee AK, Milhous WK. Efficacy of proton pump inhibitor drugs against Plasmodium falciparum in vitro and their probable pharmacophores. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46:2627-32. [PMID: 12121943 PMCID: PMC127369 DOI: 10.1128/aac.46.8.2627-2632.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The substituted benzimidazoles omeprazole, lansoprazole, rabeprazole, and pantoprazole were found to have in vitro activity against three different isolates of Plasmodium falciparum: D6 (which is chloroquine and pyrimethamine sensitive), W2 (chloroquine and pyrimethamine resistant), and TM91C235 (multidrug resistant). Lansoprazole and rabeprazole were the most effective against all three isolates, with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) range of 7 to 11 microM. Omeprazole showed intermediate activity against D6 and W2 isolates, with IC(50)s of 27 to 28 microM, but had poor activity against TM91C235, with an IC(50) of 76 microM. Pantoprazole was the least effective, with IC(50)s of 73 microM against D6, 53 microM against W2, and 39 microM against TM91C235. A pharmacophore model describing the important features responsible for potent activity of the drugs was developed using computational techniques of semiempirical quantum chemical methods and the three-dimensional QSAR procedure of the CATALYST software. The important features of the pharmacophore, according to the findings based on the CATALYST procedures, are the hydrogen bond acceptor and donor sites at the benzimidine nitrogen atoms and the two aromatic hydrophobic sites in the molecules. AM1 quantum chemical calculations identified the electrostatic potential surface surrounding the sulfoxide atom as crucial for potent activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Riel
- Parasitology Department, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910-7500, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Menezes CMS, Sant'Anna CMR, Rodrigues CR, Barreiro EJ. Molecular modeling of novel 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine derivatives designed as isosters of the antimalarial mefloquine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-1280(01)00677-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
22
|
Electrostatic potential profiles may guide cation–pi interaction in antimalarials chloroquine and mefloquine: an ab initio quantum chemical study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-1280(00)00546-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
23
|
Bhattacharjee AK, Gupta RK, Ma D, Karle JM. Molecular similarity analysis between insect juvenile hormone and N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) analogs may aid design of novel insect repellents. J Mol Recognit 2000; 13:213-20. [PMID: 10931558 DOI: 10.1002/1099-1352(200007/08)13:4<213::aid-jmr500>3.0.co;2-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Molecular similarity analysis of stereoelectronic properties between natural insect juvenile hormone (JH), -a synthetic insect juvenile hormone mimic (JH-mimic, undecen-2-yl carbamate), and N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) and its analogs reveals similarities that may aid the design of more efficacious insect repellents and give a better insight into the mechanism of repellent action. The study involves quantum chemical calculations using the AM1 semi-empirical computational method enabling a conformational search for the lowest and most abundant energy conformers of JH, JH-mimic, and 15 DEET compounds, followed by complete geometry optimization of the conformers. Similarity analyses of stereoelectronic properties such as structural parameters, atomic charges, dipole moments, molecular electrostatic potentials, and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energies were performed on JH, JH-mimic and the DEET compounds. The similarity of stereoelectronic attributes of the amide/ester moiety, the negative electrostatic potential regions beyond the van der Waals surface, and the large distribution of hydrophobic regions in the compounds appear to be the three important factors leading to a similar interaction with the JH receptor. The similarity of electrostatic profiles beyond the van der Waals surface is likely to play a crucial role in molecular recognition interaction with the JH receptor from a distance. This also suggests electrostatic bioisosterism of the amide group of the DEET compounds and JH-mimic and, thus, a model for molecular recognition at the JH receptor. The insect repellent property of the DEET analogs may thus be attributed to a conflict of complementarity for the JH receptor binding sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A K Bhattacharjee
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Read Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Karle JM, Bhattacharjee AK. Stereoelectronic features of the cinchona alkaloids determine their differential antimalarial activity. Bioorg Med Chem 1999; 7:1769-74. [PMID: 10530923 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(99)00120-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
For most potent antimalarial activity, the cinchona alkaloids appear to require certain electronic features, particularly a sufficiently acidic hydroxyl proton and an electric field direction pointing from the aliphatic nitrogen atom towards the quinoline ring. These observations are the result of an analysis of molecular electronic properties of eight cinchona alkaloids and an in vivo metabolite calculated using ab initio 3-21G quantum chemical methods in relation to their in vitro IC50 values against chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum parasites. The purpose is to provide a profile of the electronic characteristics necessary for potent antimalarial activity for use in the design of new antimalarial agents and to gain insight into the mechanistic path for antimalarial activity. Distinguishing features of the weakly active epiquinine and epiquinidine include a higher dipole moment, a different direction of the electric field, a greater intrinsic nucleophilicity, lower acidity of the hydroxyl proton, a lesser electron affinity of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals, and a higher proton affinity than the active cinchona alkaloids. A moderately potent quinine metabolite possesses some, but not all, of the same electronic features as the most potent cinchona alkaloids. Both the positioning of the hydroxyl and aliphatic amine groups and their electronic features appear to play a crucial role for antimalarial potency of the cinchona alkaloids, most likely by controlling the ability of these groups to form effective intermolecular hydrogen bonds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Karle
- Department of Pharmacology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC 20307, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Monti D, Vodopivec B, Basilico N, Olliaro P, Taramelli D. A novel endogenous antimalarial: Fe(II)-protoporphyrin IX alpha (heme) inhibits hematin polymerization to beta-hematin (malaria pigment) and kills malaria parasites. Biochemistry 1999; 38:8858-63. [PMID: 10413458 DOI: 10.1021/bi990085k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The polymerization of hemoglobin-derived ferric-protoporphyrin IX [Fe(III)PPIX] to inert hemozoin (malaria pigment) is a crucial and unique process for intraerythrocytic plasmodia to prevent heme toxicity and thus a good target for new antimalarials. Quinoline drugs, i.e., chloroquine, and non-iron porphyrins have been shown to block polymerization by forming electronic pi-pi interactions with heme monomers. Here, we report the identification of ferrous-protoporphyrin IX [Fe(II)PPIX] as a novel endogenous anti-malarial. Fe(II)PPIX molecules, released from the proteolysis of hemoglobin, are first oxidized and then polymerized to hemozoin. We obtained Fe(II)PPIX on preparative scale by electrochemical reduction of Fe(III)PPIX, and the reaction was monitored by cyclic voltammetry. Polymerization assays at acidic pH were conducted with the resulting Fe(II)PPIX using a spectrophotometric microassay of heme polymerization adapted to anaerobic conditions and the products characterized by infrared spectroscopy. Fe(II)PPIX (a) did not polymerize and (b) produced a dose-dependent inhibition of Fe(III)PPIX polymerization (IC(50) = 0.4 molar equiv). Moreover, Fe(II)PPIX produced by chemical reduction with thiol-containing compounds gave similar results: a dose-dependent inhibition of heme polymerization was observed using either L-cysteine, N-acetylcysteine, or DL-homocysteine, but not with L-cystine. Cyclic voltammetry confirmed that the inhibition of heme polymerization was due to the Fe(II)PPIX molecules generated by the thiol-mediated reduction of Fe(III)PPIX. These results point to Fe(II)PPIX as a potential endogenous antimalarial and to Fe(III)PPIX reduction as a potential new pharmacological target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Monti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale, CSSON, CNR, Università di Milano, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bhattacharjee AK, Karle JM. Stereoelectronic properties of antimalarial artemisinin analogues in relation to neurotoxicity. Chem Res Toxicol 1999; 12:422-8. [PMID: 10328752 DOI: 10.1021/tx9802116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Quantum chemical calculations on the molecular electronic structure of artemisinin (qinghaosu) and eight of its derivatives have resulted in stereoelectronic discriminators that differentiate between analogues with higher and lower neurotoxicities. Detailed ab initio quantum chemical calculations leading to complete optimization of geometry of each of the molecules were followed by calculation of their stereoelectronic properties using the 3-21G split valence basis sets and comparison of the stereoelectronic properties to in vitro neurotoxicity. The least neurotoxic compounds are more polar with an electric field pointing away from the endoperoxide bond and have a higher positive potential on the van der Waals surface of the all carbon-containing ring C, a more stable peroxide bond to cleavage, a less negative electrostatic potential by the endoperoxide, and a single negative potential region extending beyond the van der Waals surface of the molecule. In general, higher intrinsic lipophilicity is associated with greater neurotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A K Bhattacharjee
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC 20307-5100, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bhattacharjee AK, Karle JM. Functional correlation of molecular electronic properties with potency of synthetic carbinolamine antimalarial agents. Bioorg Med Chem 1998; 6:1927-33. [PMID: 9839022 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(98)00146-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Specific calculated molecular electronic properties of structurally diverse synthetic aromatic carbinolamines containing phenanthrene, quinoline, and N-substituted biphenyl rings are associated with antimalarial potency allowing use of these electronic features in the prediction of antimalarial efficacy, thus aiding the design of new antimalarial agents. These electronic features include the magnitude and location of 3-dimensional molecular electrostatic potentials, lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals, and highest occupied molecular orbitals. Stereoelectronic properties were calculated using quantum chemical AM1 methods on the optimized geometry of the lowest energy or most populated conformer in both gaseous and aqueous environments. In the phenanthrene carbinolamines, the aliphatic nitrogen atom and the hydroxyl proton are intrinsically more nucleophilic and less electrophilic, respectively, than in the non-phenanthrene compounds. Hydrogen bonding ability and the electrophilic nature of the aromatic ring appear to be two important features responsible for interaction with receptor molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A K Bhattacharjee
- Department of Pharmacology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC 20307, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ismail FM, Dascombe MJ, Carr P, Mérette SA, Rouault P. Novel aryl-bis-quinolines with antimalarial activity in-vivo. J Pharm Pharmacol 1998; 50:483-92. [PMID: 9643441 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1998.tb06189.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Three rationally designed isomeric aryl-bridged bis-quinolines, N1,Nx-bis(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)phenylene-1,x-diamines, where x=2, 3 or 4, i.e. o-, m- and p-substituted analogues respectively, were synthesized and evaluated against Plasmodium berghei in-vivo. The compound with x=2 had an ID50 of 30 mg kg(-1), whereas the p-substituted analogue (x=4) was not statistically schizonticidal at either of the two dose levels tested in olive oil-dimethylsulphoxide (5 and 25 mg kg(-1), ID50=60 mg kg(-1) approx.). When the delivery vehicle was changed to saline-DMSO, antimalarial potency increased for the p-substituted compound (ID50 17 mg kg(-1)). In contrast, the m-substituted analogue had marked antimalarial activity (ID50 1.2 mg kg(-1)), which compares favourably with that of chloroquine diphosphate (ID50 = 4.3 mg kg(-1)). The data presented show that the aminomethylene side chain in amodiaquine can be successfully replaced by a 7-halo-4-aminoquinoline, establishing that carbon bridges containing less than four contiguous carbon atoms can be present within highly active aryl-substituted 4-aminoquinoline antimalarials. These results confirm that the presence of an OH group in the aryl bridge is not necessary for antimalarial activity and substantiate the view that, despite the appearance of resistant strains, new and existing aminoquinolines still have an important role in treating malaria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F M Ismail
- Department of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Basilico N, Monti D, Olliaro P, Taramelli D. Non-iron porphyrins inhibit beta-haematin (malaria pigment) polymerisation. FEBS Lett 1997; 409:297-9. [PMID: 9202165 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(97)00533-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Infrared spectroscopy was used to evaluate the effect of non-iron porphyrins (protoporphyrin IX and haematoporphyrin) on haematin polymerisation to beta-haematin at acidic pH. Both molecules effectively inhibited the reaction, with haematoporphyrin 6 times as active as protoporphyrin IX. We postulated that the interaction between the pi electron system of porphyrin rings leads to the formation of pi-pi adducts, which inhibit polymer elongation in the same way as antimalarial drugs (e.g., chloroquine); the presence of hydroxyl groups able to bind haem iron enhances activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Basilico
- Instituto di Microbiologia Medica, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|