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Vézina-Dawod S, Perreault M, Guay LD, Gerber N, Gobeil S, Biron E. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 1,4-benzodiazepin-3-one derivatives as potential antitumor agents against prostate cancer. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 45:116314. [PMID: 34333393 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A novel tumor suppressing agent was discovered against PC-3 prostate cancer cells from the screening of a 1,4-benzodiazepin-3-one library. In this study, 96 highly diversified 2,4,5-trisubstituted 1,4-benzodiazepin-3-one derivatives were prepared by a two-step approach using sequential Ugi multicomponent reaction and simultaneous deprotection and cyclization to afford pure compounds bearing a wide variety of substituents. The most promising compound showed a potent and selective antiproliferative activity against prostate cancer cell line PC-3 (GI50 = 10.2 µM), but had no effect on LNCAP, LAPC4 and DU145 cell lines. The compound was initially prepared as a mixture of two diastereomers and after their separation by HPLC, similar antiproliferative activities against PC-3 cells were observed for both diastereomers (2S,5S: GI50 = 10.8 µM and 2S,5R: GI50 = 7.0 µM). Additionally, both diastereomers showed comparable stability profiles after incubation with human liver microsomes. Finally, in vivo evaluation of the hit compound with the chick chorioallantoic membrane xenograft assay revealed a good toxicity profile and significant antitumor activity after intravenous injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Vézina-Dawod
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Martin Perreault
- Département de médecine moléculaire, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Louis-David Guay
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Nicolas Gerber
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Stéphane Gobeil
- Département de médecine moléculaire, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Eric Biron
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.
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Abstract
Tetrazole derivatives are a prime class of heterocycles, very important to medicinal chemistry and drug design due to not only their bioisosterism to carboxylic acid and amide moieties but also to their metabolic stability and other beneficial physicochemical properties. Although more than 20 FDA-approved drugs contain 1 H- or 2 H-tetrazole substituents, their exact binding mode, structural biology, 3D conformations, and in general their chemical behavior is not fully understood. Importantly, multicomponent reaction (MCR) chemistry offers convergent access to multiple tetrazole scaffolds providing the three important elements of novelty, diversity, and complexity, yet MCR pathways to tetrazoles are far from completely explored. Here, we review the use of multicomponent reactions for the preparation of substituted tetrazole derivatives. We highlight specific applications and general trends holding therein and discuss synthetic approaches and their value by analyzing scope and limitations, and also enlighten their receptor binding mode. Finally, we estimated the prospects of further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos G. Neochoritis
- Drug Design Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ting Zhao
- Drug Design Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Drug Design Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
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Anil SM, Shobith R, Kiran KR, Swaroop TR, Mallesha N, Sadashiva MP. Facile synthesis of 1,4-benzodiazepine-2,5-diones and quinazolinones from amino acids as anti-tubercular agents. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj04936j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A family of 1,4-benzodiazepine-2,5-diones and quinazolinones with diverse substituents at C-3 position are synthesized by novel, simple and convenient methodology using H2PtCl6as catalyst and were all screened for anti-TB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seegehalli M. Anil
- Department of Studies in Chemistry
- University of Mysore
- Manasagangothri
- Mysuru
- India
| | - Rangappa Shobith
- Adichunchanagiri Institute for Molecular Medicine
- Nagamangala
- India
| | - Kuppalli. R. Kiran
- Department of Studies in Chemistry
- University of Mysore
- Manasagangothri
- Mysuru
- India
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4
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Convenient two-step synthesis of highly functionalized benzo-fused 1,4-diazepin-3-ones and 1,5-diazocin-4-ones by sequential Ugi and intramolecular S N Ar reactions. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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5
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Synthesis, structure, and properties of luminescent diazaborole and indole systems. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-017-2021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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6
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Křemen F, Gazvoda M, Kafka S, Proisl K, Srholcová A, Klásek A, Urankar D, Košmrlj J. Synthesis of 1,4-Benzodiazepine-2,5-diones by Base Promoted Ring Expansion of 3-Aminoquinoline-2,4-diones. J Org Chem 2016; 82:715-722. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filip Křemen
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University, Zlín 76272, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Gazvoda
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna
pot 113, Ljubljana SI 1000, Slovenia
| | - Stanislav Kafka
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University, Zlín 76272, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Proisl
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University, Zlín 76272, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Srholcová
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University, Zlín 76272, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Klásek
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University, Zlín 76272, Czech Republic
| | - Damijana Urankar
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna
pot 113, Ljubljana SI 1000, Slovenia
| | - Janez Košmrlj
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna
pot 113, Ljubljana SI 1000, Slovenia
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7
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Seydey MK, Rezaei Z, Homami SS. Solvent-Free Synthesis of Novel Benzodiazepine Derivatives by a Three-Component Base-Catalysed Reaction of Isatoic Anhydride, a Primary Amine and Chloroacetyl Chloride. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.3184/174751915x14304939994023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Heating isatoic anhydride with a series of primary amines at 150 °C under solvent-free conditions yielded 2-amino-N-alkylbenzamides which, in the same pot, reacted readily with chloroacetyl chloride in the presence of poly(dimethylaminoethyl acrylamide)-modified magnetic nanoparticles ( MNP@PDMA ), a base catalyst, to give 4-alkyl-1,4-benzodiazepine-2,5-diones in good yields without formation of by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Khalilpour Seydey
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Rezaei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14176, Iran
| | - Seyed Saied Homami
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
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Molecular insights into the interaction between Plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen 1 and an invasion-inhibitory peptide. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109674. [PMID: 25343578 PMCID: PMC4208761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum has been implicated in invasion of the host erythrocyte. It interacts with malarial rhoptry neck (RON) proteins in the moving junction that forms between the host cell and the invading parasite. Agents that block this interaction inhibit invasion and may serve as promising leads for anti-malarial drug development. The invasion-inhibitory peptide R1 binds to a hydrophobic cleft on AMA1, which is an attractive target site for small molecules that block parasite invasion. In this work, truncation and mutational analyses show that Phe5-Phe9, Phe12 and Arg15 in R1 are the most important residues for high affinity binding to AMA1. These residues interact with two well-defined binding hot spots on AMA1. Computational solvent mapping reveals that one of these hot spots is suitable for small molecule targeting. We also confirm that R1 in solution binds to AMA1 with 1∶1 stoichiometry and adopts a secondary structure consistent with the major form of R1 observed in the crystal structure of the complex. Our results provide a basis for designing high affinity inhibitors of the AMA1-RON2 interaction.
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Ramig K. Stereodynamic properties of medium-ring benzo-fused nitrogenous heterocycles: benzodiazepines, benzazepines, benzazocines, and benzazonines. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Lindner AS, Geist E, Gjikaj M, Schmidt A. Syntheses of N10-substituted 7-Arylpyrrolo[2,1-c]-[1,4]benzodiazepine-5,11-diones. J Heterocycl Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.1775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anika Sabine Lindner
- Clausthal University of Technology; Institute of Organic Chemistry; Leibnizstrasse 6 D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
| | - Egor Geist
- Clausthal University of Technology; Institute of Organic Chemistry; Leibnizstrasse 6 D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
| | - Mimoza Gjikaj
- Clausthal University of Technology; Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Paul-Ernst-Strasse 4 D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
| | - Andreas Schmidt
- Clausthal University of Technology; Institute of Organic Chemistry; Leibnizstrasse 6 D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
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Antiprotozoal activity of dicationic 3,5-diphenylisoxazoles, their prodrugs and aza-analogues. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 22:559-76. [PMID: 24268543 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Fifty novel prodrugs and aza-analogues of 3,5-bis(4-amidinophenyl)isoxazole and its derivatives were prepared. Eighteen of the 24 aza-analogues exhibited IC₅₀ values below 25 nM against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense or Plasmodium falciparum. Six compounds had antitrypanosomal IC₅₀ values below 10 nM. Twelve analogues showed similar antiplasmodial activities, including three with sub-nanomolar potencies. Forty-four diamidines (including 16 aza-analogues) and the 26 prodrugs were evaluated for efficacy in mice infected with T. b. rhodesiense STIB900. Six diamidines cured 4/4 mice at daily 5 mg/kg intraperitoneal doses for 4 days, giving results far superior to pentamidine and furamidine. One prodrug attained 3/4 cures at daily 25 mg/kg oral doses for 4 days.
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12
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Kamal A, Prabhakar S, Shankaraiah N, Markandeya N, Venkat Reddy P, Srinivasulu V, Sathish M. AlCl3–NaI assisted cleavage of polymer-bound esters with concomitant amine coupling and azido-reductive cyclization: synthesis of pyrrolobenzodiazepine derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Shankaraiah N, Markandeya N, Srinivasulu V, Sreekanth K, Reddy CS, Santos LS, Kamal A. A One-Pot Azido Reductive Tandem Mono-N-Alkylation Employing Dialkylboron Triflates: Online ESI-MS Mechanistic Investigation. J Org Chem 2011; 76:7017-26. [DOI: 10.1021/jo200931m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nagula Shankaraiah
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad-500 037, India
| | - Nagula Markandeya
- Department of Chemistry, Kakatiya University, Warangal 506 009, A.P, India
| | - Vunnam Srinivasulu
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 607, India
| | - Kokkonda Sreekanth
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 607, India
| | - Ch. Sanjeeva Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Kakatiya University, Warangal 506 009, A.P, India
| | - Leonardo S. Santos
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, Chemistry Institute of Natural Resources, University of Talca, Talca, P.O. Box 747, Chile
| | - Ahmed Kamal
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 607, India
- Catalytic Chemistry Chair, Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Farran D, Archirel P, Toupet L, Martinez J, Dewynter G. Enantiodivergent Transannular Rearrangement of 3-Isopropyl-1,4-benzodiazepine-2,5-dione by Memory of Chirality. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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15
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Martins MAP, Frizzo CP, Moreira DN, Buriol L, Machado P. Solvent-Free Heterocyclic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2009; 109:4140-82. [DOI: 10.1021/cr9001098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 518] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos A. P. Martins
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Clarissa P. Frizzo
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Dayse N. Moreira
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Lilian Buriol
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Pablo Machado
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Che Y, Marshall GR. Privileged scaffolds targeting reverse-turn and helix recognition. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2008; 12:101-14. [PMID: 18076374 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.12.1.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein-protein interactions dominate molecular recognition in biologic systems. One major challenge for drug discovery arises from the very large surfaces that are characteristic of many protein-protein interactions. OBJECTIVES To identify 'drug-like' small molecule leads capable of modulating protein-protein interactions based on common protein-recognition motifs, such as alpha-helices, beta-strands, reverse-turns and polyproline motifs for example. OVERVIEW Many proteins/peptides are unstructured under physiologic conditions and only fold into ordered structures on binding to their cellular targets. Therefore, preorganization of an inhibitor into its protein-bound conformation reduces the entropy of binding and enhances the relative affinity of the inhibitor. Accordingly, this review describes a general strategy to address the challenge based on the 'privileged structure hypothesis' [Che, PhD thesis, Washington University, 2003] that chemical templates capable of mimicking surfaces of protein-recognition motifs are potential privileged scaffolds as small-molecule inhibitors of protein-protein interactions. The authors highlight recent advances in the design of privileged scaffolds targeting reverse-turn and helical recognition. CONCLUSIONS Privileged scaffolds targeting common protein-recognition motifs are useful to help elucidate the receptor-bound conformation and to provide non-peptidic, bioavailable substructures suitable for optimization to modulate protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Che
- Washington University, Center for Computational Biology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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18
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Patrick DA, Bakunov SA, Bakunova SM, Kumar EVKS, Lombardy RJ, Jones SK, Bridges AS, Zhirnov O, Hall JE, Wenzler T, Brun R, Tidwell RR. Synthesis and in vitro antiprotozoal activities of dicationic 3,5-diphenylisoxazoles. J Med Chem 2007; 50:2468-85. [PMID: 17439202 DOI: 10.1021/jm0612867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
3,5-bis(4-amidinophenyl)isoxazole (3)-an analogue of 2,5-bis(4-amidinophenyl)furan (furamidine) in which the central furan ring is replaced by isoxazole-and 42 novel analogues were prepared by two general synthetic pathways. The 43 isoxazole derivatives were assayed against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (T. brucei rhodesiense) STIB900, Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) K1, and rat myoblast L6 cells (for cytotoxicity) in vitro. Eleven compounds (3, 13, 16-18, 22, 26, 29, 31, 37, and 41) exhibited antitrypanosomal IC50 values less than 10 nM, five of which displayed cytotoxic indices (ratios of cytotoxic IC50 to antiprotozoal IC50 values) at least 10 times higher than that of furamidine. Eighteen compounds (4-8, 12, 14, 18-22, 25, 26, 28, 29, 32, and 43) were more active against P. falciparum than furamidine, with IC50 values less than 15 nM. Fourteen of these compounds had cytotoxic indices ranging between 10 and 120 times higher than that of furamidine, and five analogues exhibited high selectivity for P. falciparum over T. brucei rhodesiense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald A Patrick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7525, USA
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Fan X, Venegas R, Fey R, van der Heyde H, Bernard MA, Lazarides E, Woods CM. An in vivo approach to structure activity relationship analysis of peptide ligands. Pharm Res 2007; 24:868-79. [PMID: 17377744 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-007-9238-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2006] [Accepted: 01/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The goals in this study were several-fold. First, to optimize the in vivo phage display methodology by incorporating phage pharmacokinetic properties, to isolate peptides that target the brain microvasculature, and then to build focused libraries to obtain structure activity relationship information in vivo to identify the optimal targeting motif. MATERIALS AND METHODS The blood pharmacokinetics of filamentous and T7 phage were evaluated to choose the optimal platform. A randomized peptide library with a motif CX(10)C was constructed in T7 phage and used for in vivo panning. Focused peptide libraries around each structural element of the brain-specific peptide were constructed to perform kinetic structure activity relationship (kSAR) analysis in vivo. To determine potential function, sepsis was induced in mice by LPS administration and four hours later the effect of GST-peptide on adhesion of rhodamine-labelled lymphocytes or CFDA-labelled platelets to pial microvasculature was observed by intravital microscopy. RESULTS The blood phamacokinetics of T7 was rapid (half-life of 12 min) which aids the clearance of non-specific phage. In vivo panning in brain enriched for isolates expressing the motif CAGALCY. Kinetic analysis of focused libraries built around each structural element of the peptide provided for rapid pharmacophore mapping. The computer modeling data suggested the peptide showed similarities to peptide mimetics of adhesion molecule ligands. GST-CAGALCY but not GST control protein was able to inhibit the rolling and adhesion of labeled platelets to inflamed pial vasculature. GST-CAGALCY had no effect on lymphocyte adhesion. CONCLUSIONS Incorporating normal blood phamacokinetics of T7 phage into in vivo phage display improves the ability to recover targeting peptide motifs and allows effective lead optimization by kSAR. This approach led to the isolation of a brain-specific peptide, CAGALCY, which appears to function as an effective antagonist of platelet adhesion to activated pial microvasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Fan
- AvantGen, Inc., 9924 Mesa Rim Rd, San Diego, California 92121, USA
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20
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Kamal A, Reddy KL, Devaiah V, Shankaraiah N, Reddy GSK, Raghavan S. Solid-Phase Synthesis of a Library of Pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine-5,11-diones with Potential Antitubercular Activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 9:29-42. [PMID: 17206830 DOI: 10.1021/cc0501458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A versatile combinatorial approach was developed and utilized for the rapid synthesis of pyrrolo[2,1-c]-[1,4]benzodiazepine-5,11-dione (PBD-5,11-dione) libraries 10, 15, and 19 containing 210 compounds with varied substitutions in A, B, and C rings. The key aspect of the synthetic strategy includes Staudinger, intermolecular aza-Wittig reaction followed by imine reduction and base-mediated cyclative cleavage results in the formation of final resin-free compounds. This strategy provides a highly efficient and practical protocol for the parallel synthesis of PBD-5,11-diones on solid support. The modifications in the C-ring of the PBD scaffold produced three types of sublibraries. Reactions were monitored by FT-IR spectroscopy on the resin beads. Further, from a generated library of 210 compounds, 142 compounds have been selected and evaluated for in vitro activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and some of these compounds have exhibited promising activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Kamal
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India.
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21
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Facile synthesis of α-fluoro substituted amidines from imidoyl chlorides and some of its application. J Fluor Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2006.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Spatial Screening for the Identification of the Bioactive Conformation of Integrin Ligands. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/128_052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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23
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Che Y, Brooks BR, Marshall GR. Development of small molecules designed to modulate protein-protein interactions. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2006; 20:109-30. [PMID: 16622794 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-006-9040-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2005] [Accepted: 02/13/2006] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions are ubiquitous, essential to almost all known biological processes, and offer attractive opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Developing small molecules that modulate protein-protein interactions is challenging, owing to the large size of protein-complex interface, the lack of well-defined binding pockets, etc. We describe a general approach based on the "privileged-structure hypothesis" [Che, Ph.D. Thesis, Washington University, 2003] - that any organic templates capable of mimicking surfaces of protein-recognition motifs are potential privileged scaffolds as protein-complex antagonists--to address the challenges inherent in the discovery of small-molecule inhibitors of protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Che
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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24
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Lakhrissi B, Essassi EM, Massoui M, Goethals G, Lequart V, Monflier E, Cecchelli R, Martin P. Synthesis and Amphiphilic Behavior ofN,N‐Bis‐glucosyl‐1,5‐benzodiazepin‐2,4‐dione. J Carbohydr Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1081/car-200039373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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25
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Lakhrissi B, Massoui M, Essassi EM, Lequart V, Joly N, Martin P, Goethals G. The unexpected rearrangement of 1,5-benzodiazepin-2,4-dione to a benzimidazol-2-one derivative duringN,N'-diglucosylation. J Heterocycl Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570410627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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26
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Cuny G, Bois-Choussy M, Zhu J. Palladium- and Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of Medium- and Large-Sized Ring-Fused Dihydroazaphenanthrenes and 1,4-Benzodiazepine-2,5-diones. Control of Reaction Pathway by Metal-Switching. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:14475-84. [PMID: 15521768 DOI: 10.1021/ja047472o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Methods for the synthesis of dihydroazaphenanthrene fused to macrocycles (2) and medium-ring heterocycles (4), as well as 1,4-benzodiazepine-2,5-diones (5), are developed. A distinctly different catalytic property of palladium and copper catalysts was uncovered that leads to the development of a divergent synthesis of two different heterocyclic scaffolds from the same starting materials, simply by metal-switching. Thus, starting from linear amide 3, palladium acetate triggers a domino intramolecular N-arylation/C-H activation/aryl-aryl bond-forming process to provide 4, while copper iodide promotes only the intramolecular N-arylation reaction leading to 5. In combination with the Ugi multicomponent reaction (Ugi-4CR) for the preparation of the linear amides, a two-step synthesis of either the 5,6-dihydro-8H-5,7a-diazacyclohepta[jk]phenanthrene-4,7-dione (4) or 1,4-benzodiazepine-2,5-diones (5), by appropriate choice of metal catalyst, is subsequently developed from very simple starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guylaine Cuny
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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27
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Stroud RM, Wells JA. Mechanistic diversity of cytokine receptor signaling across cell membranes. Sci Signal 2004; 2004:re7. [PMID: 15126678 DOI: 10.1126/stke.2312004re7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Circulating cytokines bind to specific receptors on the cell outer surface to evoke responses inside the cell. Binding of cytokines alters the association between receptor molecules that often cross the membrane only once in a single alpha-helical segment. As a consequence, association of protein domains on the inside of the membrane are also altered. Increasing evidence suggests that an initial "off-state" of associated receptors is perturbed, and brought to an activated state that leads to intracellular signaling and eventually effects a change in DNA transcription. The initial detection event that transduces the change in receptor association is sensitive to both proximity and orientation of the receptors, and probably also to the time that the activated state or receptor association is maintained. Ultimately, a cascade of phosphorylation events is triggered. The initial kinases are sometimes part of the intracellular domains of the receptors. The kinases can also be separate proteins that may be pre-associated with intracellular domains of the receptors, or can be recruited after the intracellular association of the activated receptors. We focus here on each of the cases for which structures of the activated cytokine-receptor complexes are known, in a search for underlying mechanisms. The variations in modes of association, stoichiometries of receptors and cytokines, and orientations before and after activation of these receptors are almost as great as the number of complexes themselves. The principles uncovered nevertheless illustrate the basis for high specificity and fidelity in cytokine-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Stroud
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, UCSF Genentech Hall, 600 16th Street, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-2240, USA
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28
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An alternative approach towards novel heterocycle-fused 1,4-diazepin-2-ones by an aromatic amidation protocol. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(03)01123-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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29
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Muzylak M, Flanagan AM, Ingham K, Gunn N, Price J, Horton MA. A feline assay using osteoclasts generated in vitro from peripheral blood for screening anti-resorptive agents. Res Vet Sci 2002; 73:283-90. [PMID: 12443687 DOI: 10.1016/s0034-5288(02)00109-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Musculo-skeletal diseases are a major cause of pain and suffering in cats and several conditions involve increased bone resorption by osteoclasts. However, little is known about the biology of these cells in the cat. In this study we established a method to generate feline osteoclasts from blood mononuclear cells stimulated by macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL). Cultured osteoclasts are multinucleated, express tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), form F-actin rings and resorb bone. They express alpha(v)beta3 vitronectin receptor and osteoclast enzymes, cathepsin K and MMP9; the myeloid antigen, CD18, and the megakaryocyte/platelet integrin, CD41, are absent. This phenotype is typical of osteoclasts from other species. Three resorption inhibitors were examined for activity against feline osteoclasts. Calcitonin, bisphosphonate and RGD integrin inhibitory peptide all reduced bone resorption at doses similar to those efficacious in rabbit or human. We conclude that blood-derived osteoclast cultures are a suitable in vitro system for assessing the ability of drugs to inhibit bone resorption in domestic cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Muzylak
- Bone and Mineral Centre, Department of Medicine, University College London, UK
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30
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Wang J, Lu M, Pan Y, Peng Z. Synthesis of conjugated dendrons with nonlinear optical activity. J Org Chem 2002; 67:7781-6. [PMID: 12398503 DOI: 10.1021/jo026186x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
New dipolar conjugated dendrons with electron-withdrawing groups on the periphery and electron-donating groups distributed at the core and throughout the dendritic skeleton have been conveniently synthesized. The pi-conjugated dendritic skeleton provides extended conjugation between each electron donor-acceptor pair, resulting in numerous traditional nonlinear optically active chromophores in one single dendron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 5100 Rockhill Road, Kansas City 64110, USA
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31
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Herrero M, Tellitu I, Domı́nguez E, Moreno I, SanMartı́n R. A novel and efficient iodine(III)-mediated access to 1,4-benzodiazepin-2-ones. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)02019-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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Madani H, Thompson AS, Threadgill MD. An expedient synthesis of 7-O-functionalised pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine-5,11-diones. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)00940-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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33
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Pan B, Li B, Russell SJ, Tom JYK, Cochran AG, Fairbrother WJ. Solution structure of a phage-derived peptide antagonist in complex with vascular endothelial growth factor. J Mol Biol 2002; 316:769-87. [PMID: 11866530 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.2001.5370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent endothelial cell-specific mediator of angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. VEGF is involved pathologically in cancer, proliferative retinopathy and rheumatoid arthritis, and as such represents an important therapeutic target. Three classes of disulfide-constrained peptides that antagonize binding of the VEGF dimer to its receptors, KDR and Flt-1, were identified previously using phage display methods. NMR studies of a representative peptide from the most potent class of these peptide antagonists, v107 (GGNECDAIRMWEWECFERL), were undertaken to characterize its interactions with VEGF. v107 has no defined structure free in solution, but binding to VEGF induces folding of the peptide. The solution structure of the VEGF receptor-binding domain-v107 complex was determined using 3940 (1970 per VEGF monomer) internuclear distance and 476 (238 per VEGF monomer) dihedral angle restraints derived from NMR data obtained using samples containing either (13)C/(15)N-labeled protein plus excess unlabeled peptide or (13)C/(15)N-labeled peptide plus excess unlabeled protein. Residual dipolar coupling restraints supplemented the structure determination of the complex and were found to increase significantly both the global precision of VEGF in the complex and the agreement with available crystal structures of VEGF. The calculated ensemble of structures is of high precision and is in excellent agreement with the experimental restraints. v107 has a turn-helix conformation with hydrophobic residues partitioned to one face of the peptide and polar or charged residues at the other face. Contacts between two v107 peptides and the VEGF dimer are mediated by primarily hydrophobic side-chain interactions. The v107-binding site on VEGF overlaps partially with the binding site of KDR and is similar to that for domain 2 of Flt-1. The structure of the VEGF-v107 complex provides new insight into how binding to VEGF can be achieved that may be useful for the design of small molecule antagonists.
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MESH Headings
- Alanine/genetics
- Alanine/metabolism
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Bacteriophages/chemistry
- Binding Sites
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Dimerization
- Disulfides/metabolism
- Endothelial Growth Factors/antagonists & inhibitors
- Endothelial Growth Factors/chemistry
- Endothelial Growth Factors/genetics
- Endothelial Growth Factors/metabolism
- Humans
- Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
- Lymphokines/antagonists & inhibitors
- Lymphokines/chemistry
- Lymphokines/genetics
- Lymphokines/metabolism
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutation/genetics
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular
- Peptides/chemical synthesis
- Peptides/chemistry
- Peptides/metabolism
- Peptides/pharmacology
- Protein Structure, Quaternary
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/chemistry
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/chemistry
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Receptors, Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Growth Factor/chemistry
- Receptors, Growth Factor/metabolism
- Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
- Solutions
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Borlan Pan
- Department of Protein Engineering, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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34
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Abstract
Peptide recognition by G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) is reviewed with an emphasis on the indirect approach used to determine the receptor-bound conformation of peptide ligands. This approach was developed in response to the lack of detailed structural information available for these receptors. Recent advances in the structural determination of rhodopsin (the GPCR of the visual system) by crystallography have provided a scaffold for homology modeling of the inactive state of a wide variety of GPCRs that interact with peptide messages. Additionally, the ability to mutate GPCRs and assay compounds of similar chemical structure to test a common binding site on the receptor provides a firm experimental basis for structure-activity studies. Recognition motifs, common in other well-studied systems such as proteolytic enzymes and major histocompatibility class receptors (MHC) are reviewed briefly to provide a basis of comparison. Finally, the development of true peptidomimetics is contrasted with nonpeptide ligands, discovered through combinatorial chemistry. In many systems, the evidence suggests that the peptide ligands bind at the interface between the transmembrane segments and the extracellular loops, while nonpeptide antagonists bind within the transmembrane segments. Plausible models of GPCRs and the mechanism by which they activate G-proteins on binding peptides are beginning to emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Marshall
- Center for Computational Biology, 700 S. Euclid Avenue, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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35
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Grumel V, Mérour JY, Lesur B, Giboulot T, Frydman A, Guillaumet G. Design and synthesis of a series of indole glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2002; 37:45-62. [PMID: 11841874 DOI: 10.1016/s0223-5234(01)01325-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of 1,3-disubstituted indoles derivatives as potential glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa antagonists was reported. Substitution of the indolic nitrogen atom by piperidino or benzamidino moieties was used as mimics of an arginine residue. The acid carboxylic group was linked to the indole scaffold in position-3 via a methylene unit (compounds 4, 9, 10). Introduction of a beta-alanine chain was carried out on the acids (17-22) which after deprotection and basic hydrolysis afforded the final compounds 39-46. The distance between the indole scaffold and the amide bond was modulated from no methylene unit (compound 39) to 1 (compounds 40, 41) or 2 methylene units (compounds 42-46). The presence of a tosylamino group on the beta-alanine chain (compound 56) slightly increased the inhibiting action on platelet aggregation initiated by collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Grumel
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, UMR CNRS 6005, Universite d'Orleans, BP 6759, F-45067 Orleans, France
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36
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Bouhlal D, Martin P, Massoui M, Nowogrocki G, Pilard S, Villa P, Goethals G. Synthesis and epimerization of 10-N-(6-deoxy-1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-α-d-galactopyranos-6-yl)-(11aS)-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepin-5,11-dione. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(01)00282-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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37
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Stilz HU, Guba W, Jablonka B, Just M, Klingler O, König W, Wehner V, Zoller G. Discovery of an orally active non-peptide fibrinogen receptor antagonist based on the hydantoin scaffold. J Med Chem 2001; 44:1158-76. [PMID: 11312916 DOI: 10.1021/jm001068s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Antagonists of the platelet fibrinogen receptor (GP IIb/IIIa receptor) are expected to be a promising new class of antithrombotic agents. The binding of fibrinogen to the fibrinogen receptor depends on an Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (RGDS) tetrapeptide recognition motif. Structural modifications of the RGDS lead have led to the discovery of a non-peptide RGD mimetic GP IIb/IIIa antagonist 44 (S 1197). Compound 44 inhibited, in a dose dependent and reversible manner, human and dog platelet aggregation as well as 125I-fibrinogen binding to ADP-activated human gel filtered platelets and isolated GP IIb/IIIa with K(i) values of 9 nM and 0.17 nM, respectively. A pharmacophore mapping procedure with QXP and a 3D-QSAR analysis applying the GRID/GOLPE methodology yielded a stable, rather predictive model and revealed structural features which are important for binding. Hydrophobic substitutions both at the hydantoin nucleus and at the C-terminus increase the affinity toward the fibrinogen receptor. The crystalline ethyl ester prodrug 48 (HMR 1794) is an orally active antithrombotic agent which is a promising drug candidate for the treatment of thrombotic diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- H U Stilz
- Chemistry and DG Cardiovascular Agents, Aventis Pharma AG, D-65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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38
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39
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Bouhlal D, Godé P, Goethals G, Massoui M, Villa P, Martin P. Synthesis and amphiphilic properties of glycosyl-1,4-benzodiazepin-2,5-diones. Carbohydr Res 2000; 329:207-14. [PMID: 11086701 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)00163-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glycosyl-1,4-benzodiazepin-2,5-diones were prepared by coupling polyhydroxylated groups at N-1 of the corresponding benzodiazepine. The groups include 1-deoxy-D,L-xylit-1-yl, 6-deoxy-D-glucopyranos-6-yl, and 6-deoxy-3-OR-D-glucopyranos-6-yl (R = n-CnH(2n +1); n = 8, 12, and 16). The structural variations of the sugar group allowed comparison of such amphiphilic data as water solubility (Sw), critical micelle concentration (CMC), and corresponding surface tension (gamma) values. At 25 degrees C, unsubstituted benzodiazepines have Sw values from 0.9 to 4.2 10(-3) mol L(-1), whereas xylit-1-yl and 6-deoxy-D-glucopyranos-6-yl derivatives are, respectively, 7.4-25 and 58-204 times more soluble. Also, compounds with R = n-C8H17 are more soluble than corresponding benzodiazepines (1.4-5.8 times) and give micelles with CMC from 2.7 to 5.6 10(-3) mol L(-1) and corresponding gamma from 29 to 37 mN m(-1). In contrast, compounds with R = n-C12H25 and n-C16H33 are not soluble enough to reach the critical micelle concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bouhlal
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Agroressources, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Tofail, Kénitra, Morocco
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40
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Scarborough RM, Gretler DD. Platelet glycoprotein IIb-IIIa antagonists as prototypical integrin blockers: novel parenteral and potential oral antithrombotic agents. J Med Chem 2000; 43:3453-73. [PMID: 10999999 DOI: 10.1021/jm000022w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R M Scarborough
- COR Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA.
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41
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Way JC. Covalent modification as a strategy to block protein-protein interactions with small-molecule drugs. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2000; 4:40-6. [PMID: 10679371 DOI: 10.1016/s1367-5931(99)00049-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
It is generally difficult to block protein-protein interactions with small-molecule drugs. A novel pharmaceutical development strategy to block protein interactions is emerging: targeted covalent modification to sterically block interactions. By this approach, compounds first interact non-covalently with a specific target protein. This interaction juxtaposes a weakly reactive group of the drug with a target amino acid sidechain, which then react by virtue of their high local concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Way
- The Molecular Sciences Institute, Lexigen Pharmaceuticals, Berkeley, Lexington, CA 94704, MA 02173, USA.
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42
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Creighton CJ, Zapf CW, Bu JH, Goodman M. Solid-phase synthesis of pyridones and pyridopyrazines as peptidomimetic scaffolds. Org Lett 1999; 1:1407-9. [PMID: 10825988 DOI: 10.1021/ol990960u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[formula: see text] We report the syntheses of peptidomimetic opioids containing the core structure N-alkyl-2-alkyl-2,3-dihydro-4-pyridone. By employing imines bound on a solid support and the Danishefsky diene, this [4 + 2] cyclocondensation reaction facilitates the synthesis of novel complex heterocycles. The central reaction is carried out under mild conditions and employs readily available building blocks. In this study we demonstrate the suitability of N-alkyl-2-alkyl-2,3-dihydro-4-pyridones as a central scaffold for peptidomimetics and establish the scope of this [4 + 2] cyclocondensation reaction with imino acids on a solid phase. We also combine the synthesis of diketopiperazines with the [4 + 2] cyclocondensation reaction to form a 9,9a-dihydro-2H-pyrido-[1,2a]- pyrazine-3,8(1,4-dialkyl)dione, a bicyclic molecule containing a pyridopyrazine core structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Creighton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0343, USA
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43
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Hartman GD, Duggan ME, Hoffman WF, Meissner RJ, Perkins JJ, Zartman AE, Naylor-Olsen AM, Cook JJ, Glass JD, Lynch RJ, Zhang G, Gould RJ. Nonpeptide glycoprotein IIB/IIIA inhibitors. 19. A new design paradigm employing linearly minimized, centrally constrained, exosite inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:863-8. [PMID: 10206551 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00104-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A new series of potent, linearly-minimized, orally active, selective GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors is identified. Thus 15 (L-750,034) achieves interaction via a constrained, non-turned conformation that maintains the proper distance between its charged termini and full sulfonamide exosite interaction. The diminutive stature and the proposed linear conformation of L-750,034 define a new paradigm for the conceptualization of RGD mimics.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Hartman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA
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44
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Keenan RM, Callahan JF, Samanen JM, Bondinell WE, Calvo RR, Chen L, DeBrosse C, Eggleston DS, Haltiwanger RC, Hwang SM, Jakas DR, Ku TW, Miller WH, Newlander KA, Nichols A, Parker MF, Southhall LS, Uzinskas I, Vasko-Moser JA, Venslavsky JW, Wong AS, Huffman WF. Conformational preferences in a benzodiazepine series of potent nonpeptide fibrinogen receptor antagonists. J Med Chem 1999; 42:545-59. [PMID: 10052962 DOI: 10.1021/jm980166z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we reported the direct design of highly potent nonpeptide 3-oxo-1,4-benzodiazepine fibrinogen receptor antagonists from a constrained, RGD-containing cyclic semipeptide. The critical features incorporated into the design of these nonpeptides were the exocyclic amide at the 8-position which overlaid the Arg carbonyl, the phenyl ring which maintained an extended Gly conformation, and the diazepine ring which mimicked the gamma-turn at Asp. In this paper, we investigate conformational preferences of the 8-substituted benzodiazepine analogues by examining structural modifications to both the exocyclic amide and the seven-membered diazepine ring and by studying the conformation of the benzodiazepine ring using molecular modeling, X-ray crystallography, and NMR. We found that the directionality of the amide at the 8-position had little effect on activity and the (E)-olefin analogue retained significant potency, indicating that the trans orientation of the amide, and not the carbonyl or NH groups, made the largest contribution to the observed activity. For the diazepine ring, with the exception of the closely analogous 3-oxo-2-benzazepine ring system described previously, all of the modifications led to a significant reduction in activity compared to the potent 3-oxo-1, 4-benzodiazepine parent ring system, implicating this particular type of ring system as a desirable structural feature for high potency. Energy minimizations of a number of the modified analogues revealed that none could adopt the same low-energy conformation as the one shared by the active (S)-isomer of the 3-oxo-1, 4-benzodiazepines and 3-oxo-2-benzazepines. The overall data suggest that the features contributing to the observed high potency in this series are the orientation of the 3-4 amide and the conformational constraint imposed by the seven-membered ring, both of which position the key acidic and basic groups in the proper spatial relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Keenan
- Research and Development Division, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, P.O. Box 5089, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426-0989, USA
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45
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Robarge KD, Dina MS, Somers TC, Lee A, Rawson TE, Olivero AG, Tischler MH, Webb RR, Weese KJ, Aliagas I, Blackburn BK. Preparation and biological activity of novel tricyclic GPIIb/IIIa antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 1998; 6:2345-81. [PMID: 9925295 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(98)80013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Antagonists of the glycoprotein GPIIb/IIIa are a promising class of antithrombotic agents offering potential advantages over present antiplatelet agents (i.e., aspirin and ticlopidine). Novel tricyclic nonpeptidal GPIIb/IIIa antagonists have been prepared and evaluated in vitro as antagonists of fibrinogen binding to the purified GPIIb/IIIa receptor and as inhibitors of platelet aggregation. The work presented demonstrates the robustness of the benzodiazepinedione (BZDD) scaffold, which can be functionalized at the N1-C2 amide as well as at C7, to provide structural diversity and allow optimization of the physiochemical and pharmacological properties of the BZDD based GPIIb/IIIa antagonists. In addition, the resulting new class of tricyclic GPIIb/IIIa antagonists could be used to probe for additional binding interactions on the GPIIb/IIIa receptor and perhaps lead to BZDD based GPIIb/IIIa antagonists with increased potency. The tricyclic molecules reported herein demonstrate that a heterocyclic ring can be fused to the benzodiazepinedione scaffold with retention of anti-aggregatory potency and in the case of tetrazole 30i, increased potency relative to the bicyclic analogue 1c.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Robarge
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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Boxus T, Touillaux R, Dive G, Marchand-Brynaert J. Synthesis and evaluation of RGD peptidomimetics aimed at surface bioderivatization of polymer substrates. Bioorg Med Chem 1998; 6:1577-95. [PMID: 9801829 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(98)00083-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Several RGD peptidomimetics have been prepared, in a convergent way, from the common ortho-aminotyrosine template (O-substituted with an anchorage-arm or a methyl group, and alpha N-substituted with a fluorine tag for XPS analysis), and various omega-aminoacid derivatives. The most flexible compounds have shown a biological activity similar to that of the peptide reference (RGDS) in the platelet aggregation test. The compound 16a could be fitted (by modelisation) with DMP 728 and c(RGDfV), two cyclic peptides that are good ligands of integrins. The compound 16b has been covalently fixed on the surface of a poly(ethylene terephthalate) membrane used as support for mammalian cell cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Boxus
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique de Synthèse, Université catholique de Louvain, Departement de Chimie, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Abstract
Major discoveries have been made of new type-I and type-III peptidomimetic inhibitors of peptide-derived systems. Innovative reversible inhibitors of cysteine proteases and renin, and additional examples of peptidomimetic inhibitors of interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme, neutral endopeptidase, herpes simplex virus protease, thrombin, HIV protease, Ras farnesyltransferase, the RGD motif, Factor Xa and various aspartic proteases have been discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Ripka
- Department of Chemistry and School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706, USA
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