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Wang Z, Cao Z, Hao A, Xing P. Pnictogen bonding in imide derivatives for chiral folding and self-assembly. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6924-6933. [PMID: 38725497 PMCID: PMC11077576 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00554f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pnictogen bonding (PnB) is an attraction interaction that originates from the anisotropic distribution of electron density of pnictogen elements, which however has been rarely found in nitrogen atoms. In this work, for the first time, we unveil the general presence of N-involved PnB in aromatic or aliphatic imide groups and reveal its implications in chiral self-assembly of folding. This long-neglected interaction was consolidated by Cambridge structural database (CSD) searching as well as subsequent computational studies. Though the presence of PnB has limited effects on spectroscopic properties in the solution phase, conformation locking effects are sufficiently expressed in the chiral folding and self-assembly behavior. PnB anchors the chiral conformation to control the emergence and inversion of chiroptical signals, while intramolecular PnB induces the formation of supramolecular tilt chirality. It also enables the chiral folding of imide-containing amino acid or peptide derivatives, which induces the formation of unique secondary structural sequences such as β-sheets. Finally, the effects of PnB in directing folded helical structures were revealed. Examples of cysteine and cystine derivatives containing multiple N⋯O and N⋯S PnBs constitute an α-helix like secondary structure with characteristic circular dichroism. This work discloses the comprehensive existence of imide-involved PnB, illustrates its important role in folding and self-assembly, and sheds light on the rational fabrication of conformation-locked compounds and polymers with controllable chiroptical activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoer Wang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaozhen Cao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Aiyou Hao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Pengyao Xing
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
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2
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The Critical Role of 12-Methyl Group of Anthracycline Dutomycin to Its Antiproliferative Activity. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103348. [PMID: 35630823 PMCID: PMC9144609 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Anthracycline dutomycin is a tetracyclic quinone glycoside produced by Streptomyces minoensis NRRL B-5482. SW91 is a C-12 demethylated dutomycin derivative, which was identified in our previous research. In vitro cytotoxicity and apoptosis assays of these two compounds were conducted to demonstrate their antiproliferation activities. The results showed that both dutomycin and SW91 block cells at the S phase, whereas dutomycin shows more significant inhibition of cell growth. Their interactions with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) were investigated, with dutomycin exhibiting higher binding affinity. The molecular docking demonstrated that the 12-methyl group makes dutomycin attach to the groove of DNA. These findings suggest that dutomycin has binding higher affinity to DNA and impairs DNA replication resulting in more significant antitumor activity.
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3
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Ren Q, Cao T, He C, Yang M, Liu H, Wang L. Highly Atroposelective Rhodium(II)-Catalyzed N–H Bond Insertion: Access to Axially Chiral N-Arylindolocarbazoles. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Ren
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, People’s Republic of China
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Cao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunnian He
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meihua Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haitao Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, People’s Republic of China
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4
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Shaaban KA, Elshahawi SI, Wang X, Horn J, Kharel MK, Leggas M, Thorson JS. Cytotoxic Indolocarbazoles from Actinomadura melliaura ATCC 39691. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:1723-9. [PMID: 26091285 PMCID: PMC4515175 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Actinomadura melliaura ATCC 39691, a strain isolated from a soil sample collected in Bristol Cove, California, is a known producer of the disaccharide-substituted AT2433 indolocarbazoles (6-9). Reinvestigation of this strain using new media conditions led to >40-fold improvement in the production of previously reported AT2433 metabolites and the isolation and structure elucidation of the four new analogues, AT2433-A3, A4, A5, and B3 (1-4). The availability of this broader set of compounds enabled a subsequent small antibacterial/fungal/cancer SAR study that revealed disaccharyl substitution, N-6 methylation, and C-11 chlorination as key modulators of bioactivity. The slightly improved anticancer potency of the newly reported N-6-desmethyl 1 (compared to 6) contrasts extensive SAR of monoglycosylated rebeccamycin-type topoisomerase I inhibitors where N-6 alkylation has contributed to improved potency and ADME. Complete 2D NMR assignments for the known metabolite BMY-41219 (5) and (13)C NMR spectroscopic data for the known analogue AT2433-B1 (7) are also provided for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled A. Shaaban
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Sherif I. Elshahawi
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Xiachang Wang
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Jamie Horn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Madan K. Kharel
- School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland 21853, United States
| | - Markos Leggas
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Jon S. Thorson
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Corresponding Author:
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5
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Guan Q, Zuo D, Jiang N, Qi H, Zhai Y, Bai Z, Feng D, Yang L, Jiang M, Bao K, Li C, Wu Y, Zhang W. Microwave-assisted synthesis and biological evaluation of 3,4-diaryl maleic anhydride/N-substituted maleimide derivatives as combretastatin A-4 analogues. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:631-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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6
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Sharma DK, Rah B, Lambu MR, Hussain A, Yousuf SK, Tripathi AK, Singh B, Jamwal G, Ahmed Z, Chanauria N, Nargotra A, Goswami A, Mukherjee D. Design and synthesis of novel N,N′-glycoside derivatives of 3,3′-diindolylmethanes as potential antiproliferative agents. MEDCHEMCOMM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2md20098h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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7
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Ding N, Du X, Zhang W, Lu Z, Li Y. Synthesis, cytotoxic activities and cell cycle arrest profiles of naphtho[2,1-α]pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazole-5,7(6H,12H)-dione glycosides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:3531-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.04.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Facile synthesis of indole- or benzofuran-fused benzo[a]carbazole-1,4-diones using a tandem two-step reaction sequence. Mol Divers 2010; 15:91-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-010-9241-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Ding C, Tu S, Yao Q, Li F, Wang Y, Hu W, Zhang A. One-Pot Three-Step Synthesis of Naphtho[2,3-a]carbazole- 5,13-diones using a Tandem Radical Alkylation-Cyclization- Aromatization Reaction Sequence. Adv Synth Catal 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200900789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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10
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Bouissane L, Sestelo JP, Sarandeses LA. Synthesis of 3,4-Disubstituted Maleimides by Selective Cross-Coupling Reactions Using Indium Organometallics. Org Lett 2009; 11:1285-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ol900063p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Latifa Bouissane
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade da Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - José Pérez Sestelo
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade da Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Luis A. Sarandeses
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade da Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain
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11
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Chartoire A, Comoy C, Fort Y. Furo[3,2-b]pyridine: a convenient unit for the synthesis of polyheterocycles. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Marminon C, Anizon F, Moreau P, Pfeiffer B, Pierré A, Golsteyn RM, Peixoto P, Hildebrand MP, David-Cordonnier MH, Lozach O, Meijer L, Prudhomme M. Rebeccamycin derivatives as dual DNA-damaging agents and potent checkpoint kinase 1 inhibitors. Mol Pharmacol 2008; 74:1620-9. [PMID: 18768386 DOI: 10.1124/mol.108.049346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rebeccamycin is an indolocarbazole class inhibitor of topoisomerase I. In the course of structure-activity relationship studies on rebeccamycin derivatives, we have synthesized analogs with the sugar moiety attached to either one or both indole nitrogens. Some analogs, especially those with substitutions at the 6' position of the carbohydrate moiety, exhibit potent inhibitory activity toward checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1), a kinase that has a major role in the G(2)/M checkpoint in response to DNA damage. Some of these compounds retained a genotoxic activity either through intercalation into the DNA and/or by topoisomerase I-mediated DNA cleavage. We explored the structure-activity relationship between these compounds and their multiple targets. These rebeccamycin derivatives represent a novel class of potential antitumor agents that have a dual effect and might selectively induce the death of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Marminon
- Laboratoire SEESIB, Université Blaise Pascal, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6504 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Aubière, France.
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13
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Lefoix M, Coudert G, Routier S, Pfeiffer B, Caignard DH, Hickman J, Pierré A, Golsteyn RM, Léonce S, Bossard C, Mérour JY. Novel 5-azaindolocarbazoles as cytotoxic agents and Chk1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:5303-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.02.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2007] [Revised: 02/25/2008] [Accepted: 02/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Pews-Davtyan A, Tillack A, Ortinau S, Rolfs A, Beller M. Efficient palladium-catalyzed synthesis of 3-aryl-4-indolylmaleimides. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:992-7. [PMID: 18327323 DOI: 10.1039/b719160j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Improved palladium catalysts for the Suzuki coupling of 3-bromo-1-methyl-4-(2-methyl-3-indolyl)maleimide have been developed. The coupling of both aryl- and heteroarylboronic acids proceeds smoothly in good to excellent yields at low catalyst loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahit Pews-Davtyan
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
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15
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Gao Q, Zhang C, Blanchard S, Thorson JS. Deciphering indolocarbazole and enediyne aminodideoxypentose biosynthesis through comparative genomics: insights from the AT2433 biosynthetic locus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 13:733-43. [PMID: 16873021 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2006.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2006] [Revised: 04/28/2006] [Accepted: 05/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AT2433, an indolocarbazole antitumor antibiotic, is structurally distinguished by its aminodideoxypentose-containing disaccharide and asymmetrically halogenated N-methylated aglycon. Cloning and sequence analysis of AT2433 gene cluster and comparison of this locus with that encoding for rebeccamycin and the gene cluster encoding calicheamicin present an opportunity to study the aminodideoxypentose biosynthesis via comparative genomics. The locus was confirmed via in vitro biochemical characterization of two methyltransferases--one common to AT2433 and rebeccamycin, the other unique to AT2433--as well as via heterologous expression and in vivo bioconversion experiments using the AT2433 N-glycosyltransferase. Preliminary studies of substrate tolerance for these three enzymes reveal the potential to expand upon the enzymatic diversification of indolocarbazoles. Moreover, this work sets the stage for future studies regarding the origins of the indolocarbazole maleimide nitrogen and indolocarbazole asymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunjie Gao
- Laboratory for Biosynthetic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 53705, USA
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16
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Sánchez C, Méndez C, Salas JA. Indolocarbazole natural products: occurrence, biosynthesis, and biological activity. Nat Prod Rep 2006; 23:1007-45. [PMID: 17119643 DOI: 10.1039/b601930g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The indolocarbazole family of natural products, including the biosynthetically related bisindolylmaleimides, is reviewed (with 316 references cited). The isolation of indolocarbazoles from natural sources and the biosynthesis of this class of compounds are thoroughly reviewed, including recent developments in molecular genetics, enzymology and metabolic engineering. The biological activities and underlying modes of action displayed by natural and synthetic indolocarbazoles is also presented, with an emphasis on the development of analogs that have entered clinical trials for its future use against cancer or other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología Funcional & Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (I.U.O.P.A.), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
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17
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Ricart AD, Hammond LA, Kuhn JG, Takimoto CH, Goetz A, Forouzesh B, Forero L, Ochoa-Bayona JL, Berg K, Tolcher AW, Rowinsky EK. Phase I and Pharmacokinetic Study of Sequences of the Rebeccamycin Analogue NSC 655649 and Cisplatin in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 11:8728-36. [PMID: 16361560 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-05-1572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the feasibility of administering NSC 655649, a water-soluble rebeccamycin analogue that inhibits both topoisomerases I and II, in combination with cisplatin (CDDP) in adults with solid malignancies. Major toxicologic and pharmacologic differences between the two sequences of drug administration were also assessed. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN NSC 655649 was administered as a 60-minute i.v. infusion; CDDP was given i.v. before or after NSC 655649 on day 1. Each patient was treated with alternating drug sequences every 3 weeks; doses of each drug were escalated in separate cohorts of new patients. Sequential dose escalation of NSC 655649 or CDDP resulted in three dosage permutations of NSC 655649/CDDP: 440/50, 550/50, and 440/75 mg/m2. After the maximum tolerated dose level was determined, the feasibility of using granulocyte colony-stimulating factor to permit further dose escalation was explored. RESULTS Twenty patients were treated with 70 courses of NSC 655649/CDDP. Myelosuppression was the principal toxicity. The incidence of severe neutropenia, often associated with severe thrombocytopenia, was unacceptably high in minimally pretreated patients at the NSC 655649/CDDP dose level of 550/50 mg/m2 without and with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Major pharmacokinetic interactions between NSC 655649 and CDDP were not apparent. No relevant sequence-dependent differences in toxicity or pharmacokinetic variables occurred. Three patients had partial responses. CONCLUSIONS NSC 655649 and CDDP were well tolerated by minimally pretreated subjects at 440 and 50 mg/m2, respectively. Neither pharmacokinetic interactions between the agents nor sequence-dependent toxicologic or pharmacokinetic effects were apparent. The tolerance and preliminary activity observed with this combination suggest that disease-directed evaluations of the regimen are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro D Ricart
- Institute for Drug Development, Cancer Therapy and Research Center, and Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio 78229, USA.
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18
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Pelly SC, Parkinson CJ, van Otterlo WAL, de Koning CB. Metathesis Reactions for the Synthesis of Ring-Fused Carbazoles. J Org Chem 2005; 70:10474-81. [PMID: 16323860 DOI: 10.1021/jo051826s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reactions: see text] The metathesis reaction is used as a key step for the synthesis of the indolo[2,3-a]carbazole core of rebeccamycin 13 and the sulfur analog of furostifoline 21. Using the same methodology for the attempted synthesis of furostifoline, we unexpectedly formed tert-butyl-2a-methyl-1,2,2a,10c-tetrahydro-6H-cyclobuta[c]furo[3,2-a]carbazole-6-carboxylate 26 from the unstable diene, tert-butyl 2-(2-isopropenyl-3-furyl)-3-vinyl-1H-indole-1-carboxylate 25, presumably via a spontaneous pi8 electrocyclization reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Pelly
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, P.O. Wits, 2050 South Africa
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19
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Messaoudi S, Anizon F, Léonce S, Pierré A, Pfeiffer B, Prudhomme M. Synthesis and cytotoxicities of 7-aza rebeccamycin analogues bearing various substituents on the sugar moiety, on the imide nitrogen and on the carbazole framework. Eur J Med Chem 2005; 40:961-71. [PMID: 15907347 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2005.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2005] [Revised: 04/07/2005] [Accepted: 04/07/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a family of rebeccamycin analogues in which one indole unit has been replaced by a 7-azaindole moiety is described. Substitutions have been carried out on the imide nitrogen, on the carbazole framework and on the sugar part. Compounds with a lactam upper heterocycle have also been prepared. The cytotoxicities of the newly synthesized compounds toward four tumor cell lines, one murine leukemia (L1210) and three human tumor cell lines (prostate carcinoma DU145, colon carcinoma HT29, and non-small cell lung carcinoma A549) have been evaluated and compared to those of rebeccamycin and parent non-aza and aza compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Messaoudi
- Université Blaise Pascal, Synthèse et Etude de Systèmes à Intérêt Biologique, UMR 6504 du CNRS, 63177 Aubière, France
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20
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21
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Zhang G, Shen J, Cheng H, Zhu L, Fang L, Luo S, Muller MT, Lee GE, Wei L, Du Y, Sun D, Wang PG. Syntheses and Biological Activities of Rebeccamycin Analogues with Uncommon Sugars. J Med Chem 2005; 48:2600-11. [PMID: 15801850 DOI: 10.1021/jm0493764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rebeccamycin analogues containing uncommon sugars and substitutions on the imide nitrogen have been synthesized. Their cytotoxicities were tested in colon cancer and leukemia cells. Their ability to target topoisomerase I was examined using the in vivo complex of the topoisomerase bioassay in Hela cells. Compared with aglycon 1, the modified compounds with various sugar moieties showed more potent cytotoxicities and topo I targeting ability. In addition, the rebeccamycin analogues with various uncommon sugars showed distinct cytotoxicities and topo I targeting activities. The activity of compounds with 2-deoxyglucose (8 and 9) > compounds with 2,6-deoxyglucose (5 and 6) > compounds with 2,3,6-deoxyglucose (10). Furthermore, the anticancer activity of compounds correlated with their ability to target endogenous topo I. These results suggest that the sugar moiety, especially the 2-OH and 6-OH group of the sugar, rather than the modifications in imide structure on the indolocarbazole ring, is a key element for its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guisheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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22
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Moreau P, Holbeck S, Prudhomme M, Sausville EA. Cytotoxicities of three rebeccamycin derivatives in the National Cancer Institute screening of 60 human tumor cell lines. Anticancer Drugs 2005; 16:145-50. [PMID: 15655411 DOI: 10.1097/00001813-200502000-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Among the biologically active indolocarbazoles, rebeccamycin, a microbial metabolite produced by Saccharothrix aerocolonigenes, is a well-known topoisomerase (Topo) I poison. In the course of structure-activity relationship studies on rebeccamycin analogs, we have prepared a large number of indolocarbazole derivatives and have shown that, depending on the structural modifications, the cytotoxic effects may be, or not, directly correlated to DNA binding and Topo I inhibition. This suggests that if DNA binding and Topo I play a part in the biological activity of these compounds, other cellular targets might be involved. This paper reports the results of the antiproliferative activities (evaluated in the National Cancer Institute's in vitro panel of 60 tumor cell lines) and the results of a COMPARE analysis run with rebeccamycin derivatives to identify other potential biological targets for these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Moreau
- Laboratoire SEESIB, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR 6504 du CNRS, Aubière, France
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23
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Voldoire A, Moreau P, Sancelme M, Matulova M, Léonce S, Pierré A, Hickman J, Pfeiffer B, Renard P, Dias N, Bailly C, Prudhomme M. Analogues of antifungal tjipanazoles from rebeccamycin. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:1955-62. [PMID: 15051063 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2003] [Accepted: 01/13/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Analogues of antifungal tjipanazoles were obtained by semi-synthesis from rebeccamycin, an antitumor antibiotic isolated from cultures of Saccharothrix aerocolonigenes. The antiproliferative activities of the new compounds were evaluated in vitro against nine tumor cell lines. The effect on the cell cycle of murine leukemia L1210 cells was examined and the antimicrobial activities against two Gram positive bacteria, a Gram negative bacterium and a yeast were determined. The inhibitory properties toward four kinases and toward topoisomerase I were evaluated. The most cytotoxic compound in the series was a dinitro derivative characterized as a potent topoisomerase I inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Voldoire
- Université Blaise Pascal, Synthèse et Etude de Systèmes à Intérêt Biologique, UMR 6504, 63177 Aubière, France
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Moreau P, Gaillard N, Marminon C, Anizon F, Dias N, Baldeyrou B, Bailly C, Pierré A, Hickman J, Pfeiffer B, Renard P, Prudhomme M. Semi-synthesis, topoisomerase I and kinases inhibitory properties, and antiproliferative activities of new rebeccamycin derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2003; 11:4871-9. [PMID: 14604648 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2003.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In the course of structure-activity relationship studies, new rebeccamycin derivatives substituted in 3,9-positions on the indolocarbazole framework, and a 2',3'-anhydro derivative were prepared by semi-synthesis from rebeccamycin. The antiproliferative activities against nine tumor cell lines were determined and the effect on the cell cycle of murine leukemia L1210 cells was examined. Their DNA binding properties and inhibitory properties toward topoisomerase I and three kinases PKCzeta, CDK1/cyclin B, CDK5/p25 and a phosphatase cdc25A were evaluated. The 3,9-dihydroxy derivative is the most efficient compound of this series toward CDK1/cyclin B and CDK5/p25. It is also characterized as a DNA binding topoisomerase I poison. Its broad spectrum of molecular activities likely accounts for its cytotoxic potential. This compound which displays a tumor cell line-selectivity may represent a new lead for subsequent drug design in this series of glycosylated indolocarbazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Moreau
- Université Blaise Pascal, Synthèse et Etude de Systèmes à Intérêt Biologique, UMR 6504, 63177, Aubière, France
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25
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Anizon F, Moreau P, Sancelme M, Laine W, Bailly C, Prudhomme M. Rebeccamycin analogues bearing amine substituents or other groups on the sugar moiety. Bioorg Med Chem 2003; 11:3709-22. [PMID: 12901916 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(03)00343-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the course of structure-activity relationship studies on rebeccamycin analogues, a series of compounds bearing an amino function on the sugar moiety were synthesized with the aim of improving the solubility and interaction with the macromolecular target(s). The syntheses of amino derivatives and the corresponding chloro, iodo and azido intermediates are described. Their interaction with DNA and effects on human DNA topoisomerases I and II were investigated. Their antimicrobial activities against two Gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus cereus and Streptomyces chartreusis, a Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli and a yeast Candida albicans were also determined. 6'-Amino compound 7 and 6'-N-methylamino 14 very efficiently inhibit the growth of E. coli. The introduction of an amino group at the 6'-position strongly enhances the capacity of the drugs to interact with DNA but almost abolishes their poisoning effect on topoisomerase I. Unlike the vast majority of rebeccamycin analogues previously studied, the newly designed compounds do not stimulate DNA cleavage by topoisomerase I. The enhanced capacity of the 6'-amino glycosyl rebeccamycin derivatives to bind to DNA likely account for the improved biological profiles. DNA and topoisomerase I represent two independent targets which can both be used for the development of antitumor rebeccamycin derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Anizon
- Université Blaise Pascal, Synthèse et Etude de Systèmes à Intérêt Biologique, UMR 6504 du CNRS, 63177, Aubière, France
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26
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Facompré M, Carrasco C, Vezin H, Chisholm JD, Yoburn JC, Van Vranken DL, Bailly C. Indolocarbazole glycosides in inactive conformations. Chembiochem 2003; 4:386-95. [PMID: 12740810 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200200478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Indolocarbazole glycosides related to rebeccamycin represent a promising category of antitumor agents targeting DNA and topoisomerase I. These drugs prefer to adopt a closed conformation with an intramolecular hydrogen bond between the indole NH group and the pyranose oxygen atom. Three pairs of indolocarbazole monoglycosides bearing an NH or an N-methyl indole moiety were synthesized and their biological properties investigated at the molecular and cellular level. Replacing the indole NH proton with a methyl group reduces DNA interaction and abolishes activity against DNA topoisomerase I. Surface plasmon resonance studies performed with a pair of water-soluble indolocarbazole glycosides and two hairpin oligonucleotides containing an [AT]4 or a [CG]4 sequence indicate that both the NH and the N-methyl derivative maintain a relatively high affinity for DNA (Keq = 2 - 6 x 10(5) M(-1)) but the incorporation of the methyl group restricts access to the DNA. The number of ligand binding sites (n) on the oligonucleotides is about twice as high for the NH compound compared to its N-methyl analogue. Modeling and 1H NMR studies demonstrate that addition of the N-methyl group drives a radical change in conformation in which the orientation of the aglycone relative to the beta-glucoside is reversed. The loss of the closed conformation by the N-methyl derivatives perturbs thir ability to access DNA binding sites and prevents the drug from inhibiting topoisomerase I. As a consequence, the NH compounds exhibit potent cytotoxicity against CEM leukemia cells with an IC50 value in the 1 microM range, whereas the N-methyl analogues are 10 to 100 times less cytotoxic. These studies offer circumstantial evidence supporting the importance of the closed conformation in the interaction of indolocarbazole glycosides with their molecular targets, DNA and topoisomerase I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Facompré
- INSERM U524 et Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Antitumorale du Centre Oscar Lambret, IRCL, Place de Verdun 59045 Lille, France
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27
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Marminon C, Pierré A, Pfeiffer B, Pérez V, Léonce S, Renard P, Prudhomme M. Syntheses and antiproliferative activities of rebeccamycin analogues bearing two 7-azaindole moieties. Bioorg Med Chem 2003; 11:679-87. [PMID: 12537997 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(02)00532-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
As a part of structure-activity relationship studies on rebeccamycin analogues, compounds containing two aza-indole moieties were synthesized bearing either a methyl group or a hydrogen atom on the imide nitrogen. The azaindole substructures were expected to enhance the cytotoxicity toward tumor cell lines through stronger hydrogen bonding with the target enzyme(s). The cytotoxicities of compounds 8, 10 and 19 against a panel of tumor cell lines were examined and compared with those of rebeccamycin, dechlorinated rebeccamycin 2 and N-methylated analogue A. Their effect on the L1210 cell cycle was also evaluated. Compound 19, having an imide NH function had the strongest cytotoxicity towards L1210 cells and induced the largest accumulation of cells in the G2+M phases of the cell cycle. In contrast to their non-aza analogues, which were cytotoxic for all the cell lines tested, diaza compounds 10 and 19 showed selectivity for some cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Marminon
- Université Blaise Pascal, Synthèse Et Etude de Systèmes à Intérêt Biologique, UMR 6504, 63177 Aubière, France
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28
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Marminon C, Pierré A, Pfeiffer B, Pérez V, Léonce S, Joubert A, Bailly C, Renard P, Hickman J, Prudhomme M. Syntheses and antiproliferative activities of 7-azarebeccamycin analogues bearing one 7-azaindole moiety. J Med Chem 2003; 46:609-22. [PMID: 12570382 DOI: 10.1021/jm0210055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rebeccamycin analogues containing one azaindole unit, with and without a methyl group on the imide nitrogen and with the sugar moiety coupled either to the indole nitrogen or to the azaindole nitrogen were synthesized. To increase the solubility and induce stronger interactions with the target macromolecules, a bromo or nitro substitutent was introduced on the indole unit. The DNA binding and topoisomerase I inhibition properties were investigated together with the antiproliferative activities toward nine tumor cell lines. In addition, the effect of the compounds on the cell cycle of L1210 leukemia cells was examined. The nonaza analogues were found to be cytotoxic against all cell lines of the panel whereas the aza-analogues showed a selective action toward certain cell lines. They strongly inhibited the proliferation of SK-N-MC neuroblastoma, A431 epidermoid carcinoma and NCI-H69 small cell lung carcinoma cells, but showed little or no cytotoxic effect against IGROV ovary carcinoma, HT29 colon carcinoma, and A549 non small cell lung carcinoma cells. Whatever their cytotoxicity profile, all compounds induce similar cell cycle effects, with a marked G2+M block observed with L1210 leukemia cells. The data suggest that the molecular mechanism of action of the aza-analogue derivatives is different from that of rebeccamycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Marminon
- Université Blaise Pascal, Synthèse et Etude de Systèmes à Intérêt Biologique, UMR 6504, 63177 Aubière, France
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29
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Goossens JF, Kluza J, Vezin H, Kouach M, Briand G, Baldeyrou B, Wattez N, Bailly C. Plasma stability of two glycosyl indolocarbazole antitumor agents. Biochem Pharmacol 2003; 65:25-34. [PMID: 12473375 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(02)01418-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, several glycosyl indolocarbazole derivatives have been developed as antitumor agents targeting the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and a few of them were evaluated in clinical trials. The lead drug in the series is compound A which bears a formylamino substituent on the N-imide F-ring. This compound has shown promising antitumor activities in vivo and was tested clinically but it has been recently replaced with a more active analogue, J-107088, bearing a (hydroxymethyl-2-hydroxy) ethylamino substituent on the N-imide F-ring. We have compared the plasma stability of two molecules in this series, compounds A and D, which only differ by the nature of the group on the imide ring. The conversion of the compounds into the anhydride species B was studied by HPLC and the resulting metabolite, formed both in human plasma ultrafiltrate and in water, was characterized by NMR and mass spectrometry. Absorption measurements provided a facile method to follow the conversion of compounds A and D into their metabolite product B. Altogether, the experimental data demonstrate that the replacement of the NHCHO substituent of compound A with a hydrophilic NHCH(CH(2)OH)(2) chain preserves the intact imide function that is known to be essential for topoisomerase I inhibition and cytotoxicity. The transformation of compound A into the anhydride metabolite B (or its diacid open form) occurs much more slowly compared to compound D. Half-life parameter t(1/2) of 67 and 245 min(-1) were calculated for compounds A and D, respectively. A molecular modeling analysis, performed to compare the conformation and electronic properties of compounds A and D, offers a rational explanation for the gain of chemical stability of the indolocarbazole derivative D. The data provide important information for the rational design of antitumor indolocarbazole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Goossens
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Lille 2, 59006 Lille, France
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30
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Marminon C, Facompré M, Bailly C, Hickman J, Pierré A, Pfeiffer B, Renard P, Prudhomme M. Dimers from dechlorinated rebeccamycin: synthesis, interaction with DNA, and antiproliferative activities. Eur J Med Chem 2002; 37:435-40. [PMID: 12008058 DOI: 10.1016/s0223-5234(02)01350-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the course of structure-activity relationships on rebeccamycin analogues, two dimers of dechlorinated rebeccamycin were synthesised with the aim to improve the interaction with DNA and in vitro antiproliferative activities. The synthesis of two dimeric compounds obtained by joining two molecules of dechlorinated rebeccamycin via the imide nitrogen is described. Melting temperature and DNase I footprinting studies were performed to investigate their interaction with DNA. Four tumour cell lines, murine L1210 leukaemia, human HT29 colon carcinoma, A549 non-small cell lung carcinoma and K-562 leukaemia, were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the drugs. Their effects on the cell cycle of L1210 cells were also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Marminon
- Université Blaise Pascal, Synthèse et Etude de Systèmes à Intérêt Biologique, UMR 6504 du CNRS, F-63177 Aubière, France
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31
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Marminon C, Anizon F, Moreau P, Léonce S, Pierré A, Pfeiffer B, Renard P, Prudhomme M. Syntheses and antiproliferative activities of new rebeccamycin derivatives with the sugar unit linked to both indole nitrogens. J Med Chem 2002; 45:1330-9. [PMID: 11882002 DOI: 10.1021/jm011045t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of new rebeccamycin derivatives, in which the carbohydrate moiety is attached to both indole nitrogens, is described. The newly synthesized compounds were tested for their abilities to block the cell cycle of murine leukemia L1210 cells and their in vitro antiproliferative activities against four tumor cell lines (murine L1210 leukemia and human HT29 colon carcinoma, A549 non-small-cell lung carcinoma, K-562 leukemia). Their biological activities are compared with those of the parent compound rebeccamycin. Some of the new compounds exhibit potent antiproliferative activities, either against the four cell lines or mostly the two leukemias (L1210 and K-562 cell lines). The 3,9-diformyl analogue 9 was selective toward L1210 cells, whereas the 3,9-dibromo 16 was strongly cytotoxic toward the four cell lines tested. Nonselective compound 16 and 3,9-dinitro 13, which exhibited selectivity toward leukemia tumor cell lines, were selected for in-depth evaluation, including in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Marminon
- Synthèse et Etude de Systèmes à Intérêt Biologique, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR 6504, 63177 Aubière, France
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32
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Arimondo PB, Bailly C, Boutorine AS, Moreau P, Prudhomme M, Sun JS, Garestier T, Hélène C. Triple helix-forming oligonucleotides conjugated to indolocarbazole poisons direct topoisomerase I-mediated DNA cleavage to a specific site. Bioconjug Chem 2001; 12:501-9. [PMID: 11459453 DOI: 10.1021/bc000162k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Topoisomerase I is an ubiquitous DNA-cleaving enzyme and an important therapeutic target in cancer chemotherapy for camptothecins as well as for indolocarbazole antibiotics such as rebeccamycin. To achieve a sequence-specific cleavage of DNA by topoisomerase I, a triple helix-forming oligonucleotide was covalently linked to indolocarbazole-type topoisomerase I poisons. The three indolocarbazole-oligonucleotide conjugates investigated were able to direct topoisomerase I cleavage at a specific site based upon sequence recognition by triplex formation. The efficacy of topoisomerase I-mediated DNA cleavage depends markedly on the intrinsic potency of the drug. We show that DNA cleavage depends also upon the length of the linker arm between the triplex-forming oligonucleotide and the drug. Based on a known structure of the DNA-topoisomerase I complex, a molecular model of the oligonucleotide conjugates bound to the DNA-topoisomerase I complex was elaborated to facilitate the design of a potent topoisomerase I inhibitor-oligonucleotide conjugate with an optimized linker between the two moieties. The resulting oligonucleotide-indolocarbazole conjugate at 10 nM induced cleavage at the triple helix site 2-fold more efficiently than 5 microM of free indolocarbazole, while the other drug-sensitive sites were not cleaved. The rational design of drug-oligonucleotide conjugates carrying a DNA topoisomerase poison may be exploited to improve the efficacy and selectivity of chemotherapeutic cancer treatments by targeting specific genes and reducing drug toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P B Arimondo
- INSERM U524 and Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Antitumorale du Centre Oscar Lambret, IRCL, Place Verdun, 59045 Lille, France
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33
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Tolcher AW, Eckhardt SG, Kuhn J, Hammond L, Weiss G, Rizzo J, Aylesworth C, Hidalgo M, Patnaik A, Schwartz G, Felton S, Campbell E, Rowinsky EK. Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of NSC 655649, a rebeccamycin analog with topoisomerase inhibitory properties. J Clin Oncol 2001; 19:2937-47. [PMID: 11387367 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2001.19.11.2937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the feasibility of administering NSC 655649, a water-soluble, rebeccamycin analog with topoisomerase inhibitory properties, as a brief intravenous (IV) infusion once every 3 weeks and to determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) of NSC 655649, characterize its pharmacokinetic behavior, and seek preliminary evidence of antitumor activity. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with advanced solid malignancies were treated with escalating doses of NSC 655649 administered over 30 to 60 minutes IV once every 3 weeks. An accelerated dose-escalation method was used to guide dose escalation. After three patients were treated at the first dose level, doses were escalated in increments that ranged up to 150% using single patient cohorts until moderate toxicity was observed, when a more conservative dose-escalation scheme was invoked. MTD was defined as the highest dose level at which the incidence of dose-limiting toxicity did not exceed 20%. MTD was determined for both minimally pretreated (MP) and heavily pretreated (HP) patients. Plasma and urine were sampled to characterize the pharmacokinetic and excretory behavior of NSC 655649. RESULTS Forty-five patients were treated with 130 courses of NSC 655649 at doses ranging from 20 mg/m(2) to 744 mg/m(2). Myelosuppression was the principal toxicity. Severe neutropenia, which was often associated with thrombocytopenia, was unacceptably high in HP and MP patients treated at 572 mg/m(2) and 744 mg/m(2), respectively. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea were common but rarely severe. The pharmacokinetics of NSC 655649 were dose dependent and fit a three-compartment model. The clearance and terminal elimination half-lives for NSC 655649 averaged 7.57 (SD = 4.2) L/h/m(2) and 48.85 (SD = 23.65) hours, respectively. Despite a heterogeneous population of MP and HP patients, the magnitude of drug exposure correlated well with the severity of myelosuppression. Antitumor activity was observed in two HP ovarian cancer patients and one patient with a soft tissue sarcoma refractory to etoposide and doxorubicin. CONCLUSION Recommended phase II doses are 500 mg/m(2) and 572 mg/m(2) IV once every 3 weeks for HP and MP patients, respectively. The absence of severe nonhematologic toxicities, the encouraging antitumor activity in HP patients, and the unique mechanism of antineoplastic activity of NSC 655649 warrant further clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Tolcher
- Institute for Drug Development, Cancer Therapy and Research Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA.
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34
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35
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Arimondo PB, Moreau P, Boutorine A, Bailly C, Prudhomme M, Sun JS, Garestier T, Hélène C. Recognition and cleavage of DNA by rebeccamycin- or benzopyridoquinoxaline conjugated of triple helix-forming oligonucleotides. Bioorg Med Chem 2000; 8:777-84. [PMID: 10819166 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(00)00012-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Indolocarbazole and benzopyridoquinoxaline derivatives have been shown to have anti-tumor activity and to stimulate DNA topoisomerase I-mediated cleavage. Two indolocarbazole compounds (R-6 and R-95) and one benzopyridoquinoxaline derivative (BPQ(1256)) were covalently attached to the 3'-end of a 16mer triple helix-forming oligonucleotide (TFO). These conjugates bind to DNA with a higher affinity than the unsubstituted oligonucleotides. Furthermore, they induce topoisomerase I-mediated and triplex-directed DNA cleavage in a sequence-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- P B Arimondo
- Laboratoire de Biophysique, UMR 8646 CNRS-Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, INSERM U201, Paris, France
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36
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Goossens JF, Hénichart JP, Anizon F, Prudhomme M, Dugave C, Riou J, Bailly C. Cellular uptake and interaction with purified membranes of rebeccamycin derivatives. Eur J Pharmacol 2000; 389:141-6. [PMID: 10688977 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(99)00895-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Rebeccamycin is an antitumor antibiotic possessing a DNA-intercalating indolocarbazole chromophore linked to a glycosyl residue. The carbohydrate moiety of rebeccamycin and related synthetic analogues, such as the potent antitumor drug NB-506 (6-N-formylamino-12,13-dihydro-1, 11-dihydroxy-13-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-5H-indolo[2,3-a]pyrrolo- [3,4-c]carbazole-5,7-(6H)-dione), is a key element for both DNA-binding and inhibition of DNA topoisomerase I. In this study, we have investigated the cellular uptake of rebeccamycin derivatives and their interaction with purified membranes. The transport of radiolabeled [3H]dechlorinated rebeccamycin was studied using the human leukemia HL60 and melanoma B16 cell lines as well as two murine leukemia cell lines sensitive (P388) or resistant (P388CPT5) to camptothecin. In all cases, the uptake is rapid but limited to about 6% of the drug molecules. In HL60 cells, the uptake entered a steady-state phase of intracellular accumulation of about 0.26+/-0.05 pmol/10(6) cells, which persisted to at least 90 min. The efflux of exchangeable radiolabeled molecules was relatively weak. Fluorescence studies were performed to compare the interaction of a rebeccamycin derivative and its aglycone with membranes purified from HL60 cells. The glycosylated drug molecules bound to the cell membranes can be extracted upon washing with buffer or by adding an excess of DNA. In contrast, the indolocarbazole drug lacking the carbohydrate domain remains tightly bound to the membranes with very little or no exchange upon the addition of DNA. The membrane transport and binding properties of indolocarbazole drugs related to rebeccamycin are reminiscent to those of other DNA-intercalating antitumor agents. The uptake most likely occurs via a passive diffusion through the plasma membranes and the glycosyl residue of the drug plays an essential role for the translocation of the drug from the membranes to the internal cell components, such as DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Goossens
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Faculté de Pharmacie, 59006, Lille, France
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37
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Bailly C, Qu X, Chaires JB, Colson P, Houssier C, Ohkubo M, Nishimura S, Yoshinari T. Substitution at the F-ring N-imide of the indolocarbazole antitumor drug NB-506 increases the cytotoxicity, DNA binding, and topoisomerase I inhibition activities. J Med Chem 1999; 42:2927-35. [PMID: 10425102 DOI: 10.1021/jm990108t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The antitumor drug NB-506, which is currently undergoing phase I/II clinical trials, contains a DNA-intercalating indolocarbazole chromophore substituted with a glucose residue. In addition to interacting with DNA, the drug stabilizes the topoisomerase I-DNA covalent complex. To reinforce the DNA binding and anti-topoisomerase I activities of NB-506, an analogue containing a new substituent on the naphthalimide ring F was synthesized. The N-formylamino group of NB-506 has been replaced with a more hydrophilic group, N-bis(hydroxymethyl)methylamino. In this study we show that the incorporation of a longer substituent on the N6 position effectively reinforces both the interaction with DNA and the capacity of the drug to maintain the integrity of the topoisomerase I-DNA covalent complexes. The strength and the mode of binding of the drugs to DNA were studied by complementary biophysical techniques including absorption, fluorescence, and circular and linear dichroism. Various biochemical procedures were applied to investigate the effects on human topoisomerase I using plasmid DNA as well as restriction fragments. The drug binding sites and the positions of the topoisomerase I-mediated cleavage sites were mapped with nucleotide resolution using footprinting and sequencing techniques. Cytotoxicity measurements performed with various human cancer cell lines (HCT-116, DLD-1, MKN-45) indicate that the newly designed drug is 3 to 4 times more toxic to colon and gastric cancer cells than NB-506. Therefore, the results suggest that the antitumor activity of indolocarbazole-based drugs can be enhanced by incorporating DNA and/or topoisomerase I reactive groups. They also support the hypothesis that the substituent on the imide nitrogen on the F ring of NB-506 has direct interaction with the molecular target. The study helps to define the structure-activity relationships in the indolocarbazole series of antitumor agents targeting topoisomerase I.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bailly
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Antitumorale du Centre Oscar Lambret and INSERM U-524, IRCL, Lille 59045, France.
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38
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Bailly C, Carrasco C, Hamy F, Vezin H, Prudhomme M, Saleem A, Rubin E. The camptothecin-resistant topoisomerase I mutant F361S is cross-resistant to antitumor rebeccamycin derivatives. A model for topoisomerase I inhibition by indolocarbazoles. Biochemistry 1999; 38:8605-11. [PMID: 10393535 DOI: 10.1021/bi983052y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
DNA topoisomerase I is a major cellular target for antitumor indolocarbazole derivatives (IND) such as the antibiotic rebeccamycin and the synthetic analogue NB-506 which is undergoing phase I clinical trials. We have investigated the mechanism of topoisomerase I inhibition by a rebeccamycin analogue, R-3, using the wild-type human topoisomerase I and a well-characterized recombinant enzyme, F361S. The catalytic activity of this mutant remains fully intact, but the enzyme is resistant to inhibition by camptothecin (CPT). Here we show that the mutated enzyme is cross-resistant to the rebeccamycin analogue. Despite their profound structural differences, CPT and R-3 interfere similarly with the activity of the wild-type and mutant topoisomerase I enzymes, and the drug-induced cleavable complexes are equally sensitive to the NaCl concentration. CPT and IND likely recognize identical structural elements of the topoisomerase I-DNA covalent complex; however, differences do exist in terms of sequence-specificity of topoisomerase I-mediated DNA cleavage. For the first time, a molecular model showing that CPT and IND share common steric and electronic features is proposed. The model helps to identify a specific pharmacophore for topoisomerase I inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bailly
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Antitumorale du Centre Oscar Lambret, U-524 INSERM, IRCL, Lille, France.
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39
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Moreau P, Anizon F, Sancelme M, Prudhomme M, Sevère D, Riou JF, Goossens JF, Hénichart JP, Bailly C, Labourier E, Tazzi J, Fabbro D, Meyer T, Aubertin AM. Synthesis, mode of action, and biological activities of rebeccamycin bromo derivatives. J Med Chem 1999; 42:1816-22. [PMID: 10346933 DOI: 10.1021/jm980702n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bromo analogues of the natural metabolite rebeccamycin with and without a methyl substituent on the imide nitrogen were synthesized. The effects of the drugs on protein kinase C, the binding to DNA, and the effect on topoisomerase I were determined. The drugs' uptake and their antiproliferative activities against P388 leukemia cells sensitive and resistant to camptothecin, their antimicrobial activity against a Gram-positive bacterium (B. cereus), and their anti-HIV-1 activity were measured and compared to those of the chlorinated and dechlorinated analogues. Dibrominated imide 5 shows a remarkable activity against topoisomerase I, affecting both the kinase and DNA cleavage activity of the enzyme. The marked cytotoxic potency of this compound depends essentially on its capacity to inhibit topoisomerase I.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Moreau
- Synthèse, Electrosynthèse et Etude de Systèmes à Intérêt Biologique, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR 6504, 63177 Aubière, France
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Bailly C, Qu X, Graves DE, Prudhomme M, Chaires JB. Calories from carbohydrates: energetic contribution of the carbohydrate moiety of rebeccamycin to DNA binding and the effect of its orientation on topoisomerase I inhibition. CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY 1999; 6:277-86. [PMID: 10322124 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-5521(99)80073-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Only a few antitumor drugs inhibit the DNA breakage-reunion reaction catalyzed by topoisomerase. One is the camptothecin derivative topotecan that has recently been used clinically. Others are the glycosylated antibiotic rebeccamycin and its synthetic analog NB-506, which is presently in phase I of clinical trials. Unlike the camptothecins, rebeccamycin-type compounds bind to DNA. We set out to elucidate the molecular basis of their interaction with duplex DNA, with particular emphasis on the role of the carbohydrate residue. RESULTS We compared the DNA-binding and topoisomerase-I-inhibition activities of two isomers of rebeccamycin that contain a galactose residue attached to the indolocarbazole chromophore via an alpha (axial) or a beta (equatorial) glycosidic linkage. The modification of the stereochemistry of the chromophore-sugar linkage results in a marked change of the DNA-binding and topoisomerase-I- poisoning activities. The inverted configuration at the C-1' of the carbohydrate residue abolishes intercalative binding of the drug to DNA thereby drastically reducing the binding affinity. Consequently, the alpha isomer has lost the capacity to induce topoisomerase-I-mediated cleavage of DNA. Comparison with the aglycone allowed us to determine the energetic contribution of the sugar residue. CONCLUSIONS The optimal interaction of rebeccamycin analogs with DNA is controlled to a large extent by the stereochemistry of the sugar residue. The results clarify the role of carbohydrates in stereospecific drug-DNA interactions and provide valuable information for the rational design of new rebeccamycin-type antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bailly
- Centre Oscar Lambret et INSERM U-524 Lille, 59045, France.
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Moreau P, Anizon F, Sancelme M, Prudhomme M, Bailly C, Sevère D, Riou JF, Fabbro D, Meyer T, Aubertin AM. Syntheses and biological activities of rebeccamycin analogues. Introduction of a halogenoacetyl substituent. J Med Chem 1999; 42:584-92. [PMID: 10052965 DOI: 10.1021/jm980396d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the course of structure-activity relationships on rebeccamycin analogues, a series of compounds bearing a halogenoacetyl substituent were synthesized with the expectation of increasing the interaction with DNA, possibly via covalent reaction with the double helix. Two rebeccamycin analogues bearing an acetyl instead of a bromoacetyl substituent were prepared to gain an insight into the role of the halogen atom. The new compounds show very little effect on protein kinase C and no covalent reaction with DNA was detected. However, the drugs behave as typical topoisomerase I poisons, and they are significantly more toxic toward P388 leukemia cells than to P388/CPT5 cells resistant to camptothecin. The introduction of a bromo- or chloro-acetyl substituent does not affect the capacity of the drug to interfere with topoisomerase I either in vitro or in cells. One of the bromoacetyl derivatives, compound 8, is the most cytotoxic rebeccamycin derivative among the hundred of derivatives we have synthesized to date. In addition, we determined the antimicrobial activities against two Gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus cereus and Streptomyces chartreusis, and against the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli. The effect of the drugs on Candida albicans yeast growth and their anti-HIV-1 activities were also measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Moreau
- Université Blaise Pascal, Synthèse Electrosynthèse et Etude de Systèmes à Intérêt Biologique, UMR 6504 du CNRS, 63177 Aubière, France
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Bailly C, Qu X, Anizon F, Prudhomme M, Riou JF, Chaires JB. Enhanced binding to DNA and topoisomerase I inhibition by an analog of the antitumor antibiotic rebeccamycin containing an amino sugar residue. Mol Pharmacol 1999; 55:377-85. [PMID: 9927631 DOI: 10.1124/mol.55.2.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many antitumor agents contain a carbohydrate side chain appended to a DNA-intercalating chromophore. This is the case with anthracyclines such as daunomycin and also with indolocarbazoles including the antibiotic rebeccamycin and its tumor active analog, NB506. In each case, the glycoside residue plays a significant role in the interaction of the drug with the DNA double helix. In this study we show that the DNA-binding affinity and sequence selectivity of a rebeccamycin derivative can be enhanced by replacing the glucose residue with a 2'-aminoglucose moiety. The drug-DNA interactions were studied by thermal denaturation, fluorescence, and footprinting experiments. The thermodynamic parameters indicate that the newly introduced amino group on the glycoside residue significantly enhanced binding to DNA by increasing the contribution of the polyelectrolyte effect to the binding free energy, but does not appear to participate in any specific molecular contacts. The energetic contribution of the amino group of the rebeccamycin analog was found to be weaker than that of the sugar amino group of daunomycin, possibly because the indolocarbazole derivative is only partially charged at neutral pH. Topoisomerase I-mediated DNA cleavage studies reveal that the OH-->NH2 substitution does not affect the capacity of the drug to stabilize enzyme-DNA covalent complexes. Cytotoxicity studies with P388 leukemia cells sensitive or resistant to camptothecin suggest that topoisomerase I represents a privileged intracellular target for the studied compounds. The role of the sugar amino group is discussed. The study provides useful guidelines for the development of a new generation of indolocarbazole-based antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bailly
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Antitumorale du Centre Oscar Lambret et Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U-124, Lille, France
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