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Svobodová M, Svoboda J, Li BH, Bertolasi V, Socha L, Sedlák M, Marek L. Synthesis and Characterization of New Boron Compounds Using Reaction of Diazonium Tetraphenylborate with Enaminoamides. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27020367. [PMID: 35056681 PMCID: PMC8782005 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A family of oxazaborines, diazaborinones, triazaborines, and triazaborinones was prepared by reaction of polarized ethylenes, such as β-enaminoamides, with 4-methylbenzenediazonium tetraphenylborates. The reaction conditions (stirring in CH2Cl2 at room temperature (Method A) or stirring with CH3COONa in CH2Cl2 at room temperature (Method B) or refluxing in the CH2Cl2/toluene mixture (Method C)) controlled the formation and relative content of these compounds in the reaction mixtures from one to three products. Substituted oxazaborines gradually rearranged into diazaborinones at 250 °C. The prepared compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, and UV–Vis spectroscopy, HRMS, or microanalysis. The structure of individual compounds was confirmed by 11B NMR, 15N NMR, 1D NOESY, and X-ray analysis. The mechanism of reaction of enaminoamides with 4-methylbenzenediazonium tetraphenylborate was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markéta Svobodová
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic; (J.S.); (L.S.); (M.S.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jan Svoboda
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic; (J.S.); (L.S.); (M.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Bing-Han Li
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan;
| | - Valerio Bertolasi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Luboš Socha
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic; (J.S.); (L.S.); (M.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Miloš Sedlák
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic; (J.S.); (L.S.); (M.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Lukáš Marek
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic; (J.S.); (L.S.); (M.S.); (L.M.)
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Rezvanian A, Heravi MM, Shaabani Z, Tajbakhsh M. Five-component synthesis of dihydropyridines based on diketene. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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3
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Xu F, Chen H, Xu J, Liang X, He X, Shao B, Sun X, Li B, Deng X, Yuan M. Synthesis, structure–activity relationship and biological evaluation of novel arylpiperzines as α1A/1D-AR subselective antagonists for BPH. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:7735-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Wan JP, Gan SF, Sun GL, Pan YJ. Novel Regioselectivity: Three-Component Cascade Synthesis of Unsymmetrical 1,4- and 1,2-Dihydropyridines. J Org Chem 2009; 74:2862-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jo900068z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Ping Wan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China, and College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Feng Gan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China, and College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Gong-Lei Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China, and College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Jiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China, and College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, People's Republic of China
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Chiu G, Connolly PJ, Middleton SA, Li S, Pulito V, Liu J, Baxter EW, Reitz AB. α1a/1d-selective adrenergic receptor antagonists for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia/lower urinary tract symptoms. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2008. [DOI: 10.1517/13543770802571659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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6
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Jain KS, Bariwal JB, Kathiravan MK, Phoujdar MS, Sahne RS, Chauhan BS, Shah AK, Yadav MR. Recent advances in selective α1-adrenoreceptor antagonists as antihypertensive agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:4759-800. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.02.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2008] [Revised: 02/27/2008] [Accepted: 02/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Takahashi D, Oyunzul L, Onoue S, Ito Y, Uchida S, Simsek R, Gunduz MG, Safak C, Yamada S. Structure-activity relationships of receptor binding of 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives. Biol Pharm Bull 2008; 31:473-9. [PMID: 18310913 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.31.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to investigate binding activity of synthesized 1,4-dihydropyridine (1,4-DHP) derivatives (Compounds 1--124) to 1,4-DHP calcium channel antagonist receptors in rat brain. Sixteen 1,4-DHP derivatives inhibited specific (+)-[3H]PN 200-110 binding in rat brain in a concentration-dependent manner with IC50 value of 0.43 to 3.49 microM. Scatchard analysis revealed that compounds 54, 69, 85, like nifedipine, caused a significant increase in apparent dissociation constant (Kd) for (+)-[3H]PN 200-110, while compounds 68, 69 and 80 caused a significant decrease in maximal number of bindings sites (Bmax). These data suggest that compounds 68, 69 and 80 exert longer-acting antagonistic effects of 1,4-DHP receptors than compounds 54, 69 and 85. The structure-activity relationship study has revealed that 1) ester groups in 3- and 5-positions are the most effective, 2) the aryl group in the 4-position of 1,4-DHP ring is the basic requirement for optimal activity, 3) position and type of electron-withdrawing groups on phenyl group at position 4 would affect the receptor-binding activity. Furthermore, compound 58 exerted alpha1 receptor binding activity, being 1.6 times greater than 1,4-DHP receptors. Compounds 81, 84, 91, 94, 106, 108 and 109 showed significant binding of ATP-sensitive potassium (K ATP) channel, and the binding activities of compounds 81, 84, 108 and 109 were 1.6--3.8 times greater than the binding activity for 1,4-DHP receptors. Compounds 91 and 106 had similar binding activity for K ATP channel and 1,4-DHP receptors. In conclusion, the present study has shown that novel 1,4-DHP derivatives exert relatively high binding affinity to 1,4-DHP receptors and has revealed new aspect of structure-activity relationships of 1,4-DHP derivatives, especially hexahydroquinoline derivatives.
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Singh L, Singh Ishar MP, Elango M, Subramanian V, Gupta V, Kanwal P. Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Substituted 1,4-Dihydropyridines through Thermal and Microwave Assisted [4+2] Cycloadditions of 1-Azadienes and Allenic Esters. J Org Chem 2008; 73:2224-33. [DOI: 10.1021/jo702548b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lakhwinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143 005, Punjab, India, Chemical Laboratory, Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600 020, Tamilnadu, India, and P. G. Department of Physics, University of Jammu, Jammu Tawi-180 006, India
| | - M. P. Singh Ishar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143 005, Punjab, India, Chemical Laboratory, Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600 020, Tamilnadu, India, and P. G. Department of Physics, University of Jammu, Jammu Tawi-180 006, India
| | - Munusamy Elango
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143 005, Punjab, India, Chemical Laboratory, Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600 020, Tamilnadu, India, and P. G. Department of Physics, University of Jammu, Jammu Tawi-180 006, India
| | - Venkatesan Subramanian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143 005, Punjab, India, Chemical Laboratory, Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600 020, Tamilnadu, India, and P. G. Department of Physics, University of Jammu, Jammu Tawi-180 006, India
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143 005, Punjab, India, Chemical Laboratory, Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600 020, Tamilnadu, India, and P. G. Department of Physics, University of Jammu, Jammu Tawi-180 006, India
| | - Priyanka Kanwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143 005, Punjab, India, Chemical Laboratory, Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600 020, Tamilnadu, India, and P. G. Department of Physics, University of Jammu, Jammu Tawi-180 006, India
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Chiu G, Li S, Connolly PJ, Pulito V, Liu J, Middleton SA. (Phenylpiperazinyl)cyclohexylureas: Discovery of α1a/1d-selective adrenergic receptor antagonists for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia/lower urinary tract symptoms (BPH/LUTS). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:640-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2007] [Revised: 11/15/2007] [Accepted: 11/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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Filipan-Litvić M, Litvić M, Cepanec I, Vinković V. Hantzsch synthesis of 2,6-dimethyl-3,5-dimethoxycarbonyl-4-(o-methoxyphenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine; a novel cyclisation leading to an unusual formation of 1-amino-2-methoxy-carbonyl-3,5-bis(o-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxa-cyclohexan-1-ene. Molecules 2007; 12:2546-58. [PMID: 18065957 PMCID: PMC6149142 DOI: 10.3390/12112546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2007] [Revised: 11/22/2007] [Accepted: 11/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hantzsch condensation of two equivalents of methyl-3-aminocrotonate with (m- and p)-methoxybenzaldehyde afforded the expected products 2,6-dimethyl-3,5-dimethoxycarbonyl-4-(m-methoxyphenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine and 2,6-dimethyl-3,5-dimethoxycarbonyl-4-(p-methoxyphenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine, whereas o-methoxy-benzaldehyde produced mainly 1-amino-2-methoxycarbonyl-3,5-bis(o-methoxy-phenyl)-4-oxa-cyclohexan-1-ene. The structure of the product, not previously reported in the literature, was determined by 1D and 2D NMR spectra and its MS fragmentation. This is the first example of cyclisation leading to a substituted pyran rather than 1,4-DHP under typical Hantzsch reaction conditions. A plausible mechanism for its formation is postulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Filipan-Litvić
- BELUPO Pharmaceuticals, Inc. R&D, Danica 5, 48000 Koprivnica, Croatia; E-mail: ; E-mail:
| | - Mladen Litvić
- BELUPO Pharmaceuticals, Inc. R&D, Danica 5, 48000 Koprivnica, Croatia; E-mail: ; E-mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-Mail: ; Tel: (+385) 48 652 458; Fax: (+385) 48 652 461
| | - Ivica Cepanec
- BELUPO Pharmaceuticals, Inc. R&D, Danica 5, 48000 Koprivnica, Croatia; E-mail: ; E-mail:
| | - Vladimir Vinković
- Institute Ruđer Bošković, Bijenička c. 54, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia; E-mail:
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11
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Chiu G, Li S, Cai H, Connolly PJ, Peng S, Stauber K, Pulito V, Liu J, Middleton SA. Aminocyclohexylsulfonamides: Discovery of metabolically stable α1a/1d-selective adrenergic receptor antagonists for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia/lower urinary tract symptoms (BPH/LUTS). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:6123-8. [PMID: 17904840 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2007] [Revised: 09/09/2007] [Accepted: 09/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia/lower urinary tract symptoms (BPH/LUTS) can be effectively treated by alpha(1) adrenergic receptor antagonists, but these drugs also produce side effects that are related to their subtype non-selective nature. To overcome this limitation, it was hypothesized that an alpha(1a/1d) subtype-selective antagonist would be efficacious while keeping side effects to a minimum. To discover alpha(1a/1d)-selective antagonists and improve metabolic stability of our previously reported compounds, we have designed and synthesized a series of (phenylpiperazinyl)- or (phenylpiperidinyl)-cyclohexylsulfonamides. By incorporating the information obtained from metabolism studies, we were able to discover several compounds that are both alpha(1a/1d) adrenoceptor subtype selective and show increased stability toward human liver microsomal metabolism. The selectivity profile of these compounds provides great improvement over the commercial drug tamsulosin, hence may pave the way to the development of new and efficacious therapeutic agents with reduced side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Chiu
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development L.L.C., PO Box 300, 1000 Route 202 South, Raritan, NJ 08869, USA
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12
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Chiu G, Li S, Connolly PJ, Pulito V, Liu J, Middleton SA. (Phenylpiperidinyl)cyclohexylsulfonamides: Development of α1a/1d-selective adrenergic receptor antagonists for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia/lower urinary tract symptoms (BPH/LUTS). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:3930-4. [PMID: 17517507 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.04.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2007] [Revised: 04/27/2007] [Accepted: 04/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although alpha(1) adrenergic receptor blockers can be very effective for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia/lower urinary tract symptoms (BPH/LUTS), their usage is limited by CV-related side-effects that are caused by the subtype non-selective nature of the current drugs. To overcome this problem, it was hypothesized that a alpha(1a/1d) subtype selective antagonist would bring more benefit for the therapy of BPH/LUTS. In developing such selective alpha(1a/1d) ligands, a series of (phenylpiperidinyl)cyclohexylsulfonamides has been synthesized and evaluated for binding to three cloned human alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor subtypes. Many compounds showed equal affinity for both alpha(1a) and alpha(1d) subtypes with good selectivity versus the alpha(1b) subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Chiu
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development L.L.C., PO Box 300, 1000 Route 202 South, Raritan, NJ 08869, USA.
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13
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Chiu G, Li S, Connolly PJ, Pulito V, Liu J, Middleton SA. (Arylpiperazinyl)cyclohexylsufonamides: Discovery of α1a/1d-selective adrenergic receptor antagonists for the treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia/Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (BPH/LUTS). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:3292-7. [PMID: 17452102 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2007] [Revised: 03/31/2007] [Accepted: 04/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia/Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (BPH/LUTS) can be effectively treated by alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor antagonists. Unfortunately, all currently marketed alpha(1) blockers produced CV related side effects that are caused by the subtype non-selective nature of the drugs. To overcome this problem, it was postulated that a alpha(1a/1d) subtype selective antagonist would bring more benefit for the treatment of BPH/LUTS. In developing selective alpha(1a/1d) ligands, (arylpiperazinyl)cyclohexylsulfonamides were synthesized and their binding profiles against three cloned human alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor subtypes were evaluated. Many compounds show equal affinity for both alpha(1a) and alpha(1d) subtypes with good selectivity against the alpha(1b) subtype. They also overcome the problem of dopamine receptor affinity that previous analogues had exhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Chiu
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development L.L.C., PO Box 300, 1000 Route 202 South, Raritan, NJ 08869, USA.
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Anniyappan M, Muralidharan D, Perumal PT. SYNTHESIS OF HANTZSCH 1,4-DIHYDROPYRIDINES UNDER MICROWAVE IRRADIATION. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/scc-120002415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marimuthu Anniyappan
- a Organic Chemistry Division , Central Leather Research Institute , Adyar, Chennai, 600 020, India
| | - D. Muralidharan
- a Organic Chemistry Division , Central Leather Research Institute , Adyar, Chennai, 600 020, India
| | - Paramasivan T. Perumal
- b Organic Chemistry Division , Central Leather Research Institute , Adyar, Chennai, 600 020, India
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Chiu G, Gluchowski C, Forray C. Design and Synthesis of anα1a-Adrenergic Receptor Subtype-Selective Antagonist from BE2254. Chem Biol Drug Des 2006; 67:437-9. [PMID: 16882319 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2006.00398.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
An alpha1a-adrenoceptor-selective antagonist has the potential to be a new benign prostatic hyperplasia drug with reduced side-effects. Modification of the non-selective antagonist BE2254 led to the development of a series of tetralin analogs. Evaluation of these compounds in cloned human alpha1-adrenoceptors resulted in the discovery of an analog that showed selectivity toward the human alpha1a-adrenergic receptor subtype. The compound also showed moderate potency to block human prostate muscle contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Chiu
- Lundbeck Research USA, Inc., 215 College Road, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA.
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Li M, Du L, Wu B, Xia L. Self-organizing molecular field analysis on alpha(1a)-adrenoceptor dihydropyridine antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2003; 11:3945-51. [PMID: 12927855 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(03)00410-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Self-organizing molecular field analysis (SOMFA), a new three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3-D-QSAR) method is used to study the correlation between the molecular properties and the alpha(1a)-AR biological activities of dihydropyridine derivatives. The statistical result, cross-validated q(2) (0.690) and non cross-validated r(2) (0.704) values, show a good predictive ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyong Li
- .Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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17
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Abstract
1. The 1,4-dihydropyridine nucleus serves as the scaffold for important cardiovascular drugs-calcium antagonists-including nifedipine, nitrendipine, amlodipine, and nisoldipine, which exert their antihypertensive and antianginal actions through actions at voltage-gated calcium channels of the CaV1 (L-type) class. 2. These drugs act at a specific receptor site for which defined structure-activity relationships exist, including stereoselectivity. 3. Despite the widespread occurrence of the CaV1 class of channel, the calcium antagonists exhibit significant selectivity of action in the cardiovascular system. This selectivity arises from a number of factors including subtype of channel, state-dependent interactions. pharmacokinetics, and mode of calcium mobilization. 4. The 1,4-dihydropyridine nucleus is also a privileged structure or scaffold that can, when appropriately decorated substituents, interact at diverse receptors and ion channels, including potassium and sodium channels and receptors of the G-protein class.
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Subtype selective alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonists for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 1999; 8:2073-2094. [PMID: 11139841 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.8.12.2073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is highly prevalent in the male population beyond the age of 60. Impairment of urinary flow due to prostate enlargement gives rise to symptoms of 'prostatism' that have a detrimental impact on the quality of life. The current trend in the management of symptomatic BPH favours pharmacotherapy as a first line option, while the number of surgical procedures being performed has experienced a steady decline during the last ten years. Among the pharmacological treatments, the use of alpha1-adrenoceptor blockers has demonstrated to be an effective treatment option for BPH. These agents reduce the adrenergic tone to the prostate and increase urinary flow, with a concomitant reduction of lower urinary tract symptoms. The alpha1-blockers currently approved include compounds such as alfuzosin, terazosin and doxazosin, originally developed for the treatment of hypertension, and more recently tamsulosin, an alpha1-subtype selective drug. The blockade of alpha1-adrenoceptors present in vascular smooth muscle is largely responsible for the most prominent side effects of current drugs, which can be severe and require patients dose titration. The limitation imposed by side effects naturally raises the possibility that complete blockade of prostatic alpha1 receptors is not attained at the maximum tolerated dose. The extensive efforts by the pharmaceutical industry towards the development of uroselective alpha1-blockers, is the subject of this review. Advances in the molecular cloning of genes encoding three alpha1-adrenoceptors led to the identification of the alpha1A-subtype as the predominant receptor responsible for the contraction of prostate smooth muscle. In preclinical animal models, selective alpha1A-antagonists have consistently been found to have minimal cardiovascular effects, thus providing a pharmacological rationale for uroselectivity. It has also become apparent, however, that uroselectivity can emerge in a poorly understood manner from the pharmacodynamic properties of compounds without alpha1A-subtype selectivity. Clinical experience with tamsulosin, an alpha1A/alpha1D selective drug, has failed to demonstrate a significant improvement in efficacy beyond that demonstrated for non-subtype selective alpha1-blockers, and gives support to the notion that alpha1A-selective antagonists might achieve greater efficacy for the treatment of BPH. Given the demonstrated uroselectivity of alpha1A-selective antagonists in preclinical models, it is anticipated that third generation alpha1-blockers will exhibit improved urinary flow efficacy and be better tolerated than tamsulosin. The extent to which the improvement in urinary flow will translate to the relief of symptoms of prostatism, however, remains to be demonstrated in randomised placebo-controlled clinical trials of alpha1A-selective antagonists.
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Li AH, Ji XD, Kim HS, Melman N, Jacobson KA. Pyran template approach to the design of novel A3 adenosine receptor antagonists. Drug Dev Res 1999; 48:171-177. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2299(199912)48:4<171::aid-ddr4>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Marzabadi MR, Hong X, Nagarathnam D, Miao SW, Chiu G, Wong WC, Wetzel JM, Fang J, Forray C, Chen TB, O'Malley SS, Chang RS, Gluchowski C. Design and synthesis of novel dihydropyridine alpha-1a antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:2843-8. [PMID: 10522703 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00484-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of analogs of SNAP 5150 containing heteroatoms at C2 or C6 positions is described. Herein, we report that the presence of alkyl substituted heteroatoms at the C2(6)-positions of the dihydropyridine are well tolerated. In addition, 15 inhibited the phenylephrine induced contraction of dog prostate tissue with a Kb of 1.5 nM and showed a Kb (DBP, dogs, microg/kg)/Kb (IUP, dogs, microg/kg) ratio of 14.8/2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Marzabadi
- Department of Chemistry, Synaptic Pharmaceutical Corporation, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA
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Nerenberg JB, Erb JM, Bergman JM, O'Malley S, Chang RS, Scott AL, Broten TP, Bock MG. 4-Oxospiro[benzopyran-2,4'-piperidines] as selective alpha 1a-adrenergic receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:291-4. [PMID: 10021947 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00732-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The 4-oxospiro[benzopyran-2,4'-piperidine] ring system is contained within potent class III antiarrhythmic agents. We highlight how these agents can be chemically transformed into a new class of potent (< 1 nM) and selective (> 25-fold) alpha 1a-receptor subtype adrenergic antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Nerenberg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., West Point, PA 19486, USA
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