1
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Toti KS, Campbell RG, Lee H, Salmaso V, Suresh RR, Gao ZG, Jacobson KA. Fluorescent A 2A and A 3 adenosine receptor antagonists as flow cytometry probes. Purinergic Signal 2023; 19:565-578. [PMID: 35687212 PMCID: PMC10539269 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09873-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine receptor (AR) ligands are being developed for metabolic, cardiovascular, neurological, and inflammatory diseases and cancer. The ease of drug discovery is contingent on the availability of pharmacological tools. Fluorescent antagonist ligands for the human A2A and A3ARs were synthesized using two validated pharmacophores, 1,3-dipropyl-8-phenylxanthine and triazolo[1,5-c]quinazolin-5-yl)amine, which were coupled to eight reporter fluorophores: AlexaFluor, JaneliaFluor (JF), cyanine, and near infrared (NIR) dyes. The conjugates were first screened using radioligand binding in HEK293 cells expressing one of the three AR subtypes. The highest affinities at A2AAR were Ki 144-316 nM for 10, 12, and 19, and at A3AR affinity of Ki 21.6 nM for 19. Specific binding of JF646 conjugate MRS7774 12 to the HEK293 cell surface A2AAR was imaged using confocal microscopy. Compound 19 MRS7535, a triazolo[1,5-c]quinazolin-5-yl)amine containing a Sulfo-Cy7 NIR dye, was suitable for A3AR characterization in whole cells by flow cytometry (Kd 11.8 nM), and its bitopic interaction mode with an A3AR homology model was predicted. Given its affinity and selectivity (11-fold vs. A2AAR, ~ 50-fold vs. A1AR and A2BAR) and a good specific-to-nonspecific binding ratio, 19 could be useful for live cell or potentially a diagnostic in vivo NIR imaging tool and/or therapy targeting the A3AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran S Toti
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, NIH, NIDDK, LBC, Bldg. 8A, Rm. B1A-19, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0810, USA
- Current Address: Chemistry Department, Emory University, 1093 Rollins Research Center, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ryan G Campbell
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, NIH, NIDDK, LBC, Bldg. 8A, Rm. B1A-19, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0810, USA
| | - Hobin Lee
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, NIH, NIDDK, LBC, Bldg. 8A, Rm. B1A-19, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0810, USA
| | - Veronica Salmaso
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, NIH, NIDDK, LBC, Bldg. 8A, Rm. B1A-19, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0810, USA
| | - R Rama Suresh
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, NIH, NIDDK, LBC, Bldg. 8A, Rm. B1A-19, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0810, USA
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, NIH, NIDDK, LBC, Bldg. 8A, Rm. B1A-19, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0810, USA
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, NIH, NIDDK, LBC, Bldg. 8A, Rm. B1A-19, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0810, USA.
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2
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Abuelizz HA, Al-Salahi R. An overview of triazoloquinazolines: Pharmacological significance and recent developments. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:105263. [PMID: 34426148 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen heterocyclic rings have participated to constitute most of the drugs and several pharmacologically related compounds. The existence of such hetero atoms/groups in heterocyclic systems privileged specificities in their biological objectives. Particularly, quinazoline and triazole are biologically imperative platforms known to be linked with various pharmacological activities. Some of the prominent pharmacological responses ascribed to these systems are analgesic, antiinflammatory, anticonvulsant, hypnotic, antihistaminic, antihypertensive, anticancer, antimicrobial, antitubercular, antiviral and antimalarial activities. This diversity in the pharmacological outputs for both triazole and quinazoline systems has encouraged the medicinal chemistry researchers to create several chemical routes aiming at the incorporation of two rings in one molecule named triazoloquinazoline system. This system has shown multiple potential activities against numerous targets. Correlation the specific structural features of triazoloquinazoline system with its pharmacological purposes has successively been achieved by performing several pharmacological examinations and structure-activity relationship studies. The development of triazoloquinazoline derivatives and the understanding of their pharmacological targets offer opportunities for novel therapeutics. This review mainly emphases on the medicinal chemistry aspects of triazoloquinazolines including synthesis, reactivity, biological activity and structure activity relationship studies (SARs). Moreover, this review collates literature reported by researchers on triazoquinazolines and provides detailed attention on their analogs pharmacological activities in the perspective of drug development and discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem A Abuelizz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashad Al-Salahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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3
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Chandrasekaran B, Samarneh S, Jaber AMY, Kassab G, Agrawal N. Therapeutic Potentials of A2B Adenosine Receptor Ligands: Current Status and Perspectives. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2741-2771. [PMID: 31333084 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190717105834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenosine receptors (ARs) are classified as A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 subtypes belong to the superfamily of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). More than 40% of modern medicines act through either activation or inhibition of signaling processes associated with GPCRs. In particular, A2B AR signaling pathways are implicated in asthma, inflammation, cancer, ischemic hyperfusion, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, and kidney disease. METHODS This article reviews different disease segments wherein A2B AR is implicated and discusses the potential role of subtype-selective A2B AR ligands in the management of such diseases or disorders. All the relevant publications on this topic are reviewed and presented scientifically. RESULTS This review provides an up-to-date highlight of the recent advances in the development of novel and selective A2B AR ligands and their therapeutic role in treating various disease conditions. A special focus has been given to the therapeutic potentials of selective A2B AR ligands in the management of airway inflammatory conditions and cancer. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review demonstrates the current status and perspectives of A2B AR ligands as therapeutically useful agents that would assist medicinal chemists and pharmacologists in discovering novel and subtype-selective A2B AR ligands as potential drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balakumar Chandrasekaran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University-Jordan, P. O. Box: 1, Philadelphia University-19392, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sara Samarneh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University-Jordan, P. O. Box: 1, Philadelphia University-19392, Amman, Jordan
| | - Abdul Muttaleb Yousef Jaber
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University-Jordan, P. O. Box: 1, Philadelphia University-19392, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ghadir Kassab
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University-Jordan, P. O. Box: 1, Philadelphia University-19392, Amman, Jordan
| | - Nikhil Agrawal
- College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. O. Box: 4000, Westville, Durban, South Africa
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4
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Martynenko Y, Antypenko O, Nosulenko I, Berest G, Kovalenko S. Directed Search of Anti-inflammatory Agents Among (3HQuinazoline- 4-ylidene)hydrazides of N-protected Amino acids and their Heterocyclization Products. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:61-73. [PMID: 30648525 PMCID: PMC7460736 DOI: 10.2174/1871523018666190115092215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND (Quinazoline-4-ylidene)hydrazides are valued intermediates in modern organic chemistry, as they are commonly used for the synthesis of substituted [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazolines. OBJECTIVE Unknown N-acyl-2-([1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazoline-2-yl)-alkyl-(alkaryl-, aryl-) amines were synthesized and evaluated for anti-inflammatory potential. METHODS The peculiarities of the synthesized compounds structures were studied by IR-, NMR spectroscopy and chromatography-mass spectrometry and were discussed in detail. Probable molecular mechanisms of activity (inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2) were predicted due to molecular docking. Anti-inflammatory activity of synthesized compounds was determined by their ability to reduce the formalin-induced paw edema in rats. Diclofenac sodium was used as reference drug. RESULTS In this study, the synthesis of N-acetyl-(benzoyl)-2-([1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazolinе- 2-yl)alkyl-(aralkyl-, aryl-)amines, using (3H-quinazoline-4-ylidene)hydrazides of Nprotected amino acids or 4-hydrazinoquinazoline and N-prorotected amino acids as starting compounds was developed. It was established that the reaction of (3H-quinazoline-4- ylidene)hydrazides of Boc-amino acids occurred with the formation of N-acetyl-substituted triazoloquinazolines. High anti-inflammatory activity was detected for unknown (3Hquinazoline- 4-ylidene)hydrazides Boc-amino acids (1.13-1.15) and N-acetyl-(benzoyl)-2- ([1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazoline-2-yl-)aralkyl-(aryl-)amines (3.2, 3.3, 3.11, 3.12), using the experimental formalin test. CONCLUSION The conducted SAR-analysis allowed to detect critical fragments. Namely, the Boc-aminoaralkyl-(aryl-)acid residue in (3H-quinazoline-4-ylidene)hydrazides (1.13- 1.15), benzyl and phenyl linker groups in N-acetyl-(benzoyl)-2-([1,2,4]triazolo[1,5- c]quinazoline-2-yl-)aralkyl-(aryl-) amines (3.2, 3.3, 3.11, 3.12) are believed to be substantial for anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulya Martynenko
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Faculty No. 2, Zaporizhzhia State Medical University, Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine
| | - Oleksii Antypenko
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Faculty No. 2, Zaporizhzhia State Medical University, Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine
| | - Inna Nosulenko
- Department of Pharmacognosy with the Course of Botany, Pharmaceutical Faculty No. 2, Zaporizhzhia State Medical University, Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine
| | - Galina Berest
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Medicinal Preparations Technology, Faculty of Post-graduate Education, Zaporizhzhia State Medical University, Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine
| | - Sergii Kovalenko
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Faculty No. 2, Zaporizhzhia State Medical University, Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine
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5
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Mailavaram RP, Al-Attraqchi OH, Kar S, Ghosh S. Current Status in the Design and Development of Agonists and Antagonists of Adenosine A3 Receptor as Potential Therapeutic Agents. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:2772-2787. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190716114056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine receptors (ARs) belongs to the family of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) that are responsible
for the modulation of a wide variety of physiological functions. The ARs are also implicated in many
diseases such as cancer, arthritis, cardiovascular and renal diseases. The adenosine A3 receptor (A3AR) has
emerged as a potential drug target for the progress of new and effective therapeutic agents for the treatment of
various pathological conditions. This receptor’s involvement in many diseases and its validity as a target has been
established by many studies. Both agonists and antagonists of A3AR have been extensively investigated in the last
decade with the goal of developing novel drugs for treating diseases related to immune disorders, inflammation,
cancer, and others. In this review, we shall focus on the medicinal chemistry of A3AR ligands, exploring the
diverse chemical classes that have been projected as future leading drug candidates. Also, the recent advances in
the therapeuetic applications of A3AR ligands are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu P. Mailavaram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy, Vishnupur (Affiliated to Andhra University), Bhimavaram, W.G. Dist., AP, India
| | - Omar H.A. Al-Attraqchi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University-Jordan, P.O BOX (1), Philadelphia University- 19392, Amman, Jordan
| | - Supratik Kar
- Interdisciplinary Center for Nanotoxicity, Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, United States
| | - Shinjita Ghosh
- School of Public Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, United States
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6
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Jacobson KA, Merighi S, Varani K, Borea PA, Baraldi S, Tabrizi MA, Romagnoli R, Baraldi PG, Ciancetta A, Tosh DK, Gao ZG, Gessi S. A 3 Adenosine Receptors as Modulators of Inflammation: From Medicinal Chemistry to Therapy. Med Res Rev 2018; 38:1031-1072. [PMID: 28682469 PMCID: PMC5756520 DOI: 10.1002/med.21456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The A3 adenosine receptor (A3 AR) subtype is a novel, promising therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriasis, as well as liver cancer. A3 AR is coupled to inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, leading to modulation of transcription. Furthermore, A3 AR affects functions of almost all immune cells and the proliferation of cancer cells. Numerous A3 AR agonists, partial agonists, antagonists, and allosteric modulators have been reported, and their structure-activity relationships (SARs) have been studied culminating in the development of potent and selective molecules with drug-like characteristics. The efficacy of nucleoside agonists may be suppressed to produce antagonists, by structural modification of the ribose moiety. Diverse classes of heterocycles have been discovered as selective A3 AR blockers, although with large species differences. Thus, as a result of intense basic research efforts, the outlook for development of A3 AR modulators for human therapeutics is encouraging. Two prototypical selective agonists, N6-(3-Iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide (IB-MECA; CF101) and 2-chloro-N6-(3-iodobenzyl)-adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide (Cl-IB-MECA; CF102), have progressed to advanced clinical trials. They were found safe and well tolerated in all preclinical and human clinical studies and showed promising results, particularly in psoriasis and RA, where the A3 AR is both a promising therapeutic target and a biologically predictive marker, suggesting a personalized medicine approach. Targeting the A3 AR may pave the way for safe and efficacious treatments for patient populations affected by inflammatory diseases, cancer, and other conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Stefania Merighi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Katia Varani
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pier Andrea Borea
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefania Baraldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mojgan Aghazadeh Tabrizi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Romeo Romagnoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pier Giovanni Baraldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Antonella Ciancetta
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Dilip K. Tosh
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Stefania Gessi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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7
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Paz OS, de Jesus Pinheiro M, do Espirito Santo RF, Villarreal CF, Castilho MS. Nanomolar anti-sickling compounds identified by ligand-based pharmacophore approach. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 136:487-496. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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8
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Liu T, Naderi M, Alvin C, Mukhopadhyay S, Brylinski M. Break Down in Order To Build Up: Decomposing Small Molecules for Fragment-Based Drug Design with eMolFrag. J Chem Inf Model 2017; 57:627-631. [PMID: 28346786 PMCID: PMC5433162 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.6b00596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Constructing high-quality
libraries of molecular building blocks
is essential for successful fragment-based drug discovery. In this
communication, we describe eMolFrag, a new open-source
software to decompose organic compounds into nonredundant fragments
retaining molecular connectivity information. Given a collection of
molecules, eMolFrag generates a set of unique fragments
comprising larger moieties, bricks, and smaller linkers connecting
bricks. These building blocks can subsequently be used to construct
virtual screening libraries for targeted drug discovery. The robustness
and computational performance of eMolFrag is assessed
against the Directory of Useful Decoys, Enhanced database conducted
in serial and parallel modes with up to 16 computing cores. Further,
the application of eMolFrag in de novo drug design
is illustrated using the adenosine receptor. eMolFrag
is implemented in Python, and it is available as stand-alone software
and a web server at www.brylinski.org/emolfrag and https://github.com/liutairan/eMolFrag.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chris Alvin
- Department of Computer Science and Information Systems, Bradley University , Peoria, Illinois 61625, United States
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Fragment-based hit discovery and structure-based optimization of aminotriazoloquinazolines as novel Hsp90 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:4135-50. [PMID: 24980703 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade the heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) has emerged as a major therapeutic target and many efforts have been dedicated to the discovery of Hsp90 inhibitors as new potent anticancer agents. Here we report the identification of a novel class of Hsp90 inhibitors by means of a biophysical FAXS-NMR based screening of a library of fragments. The use of X-ray structure information combined with modeling studies enabled the fragment evolution of the initial triazoloquinazoline hit to a class of compounds with nanomolar potency and drug-like properties suited for further lead optimization.
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10
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Discovery of simplified N2-substituted pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives as novel adenosine receptor antagonists: Efficient synthetic approaches, biological evaluations and molecular docking studies. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:1751-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Paira P, Chow MJ, Venkatesan G, Kosaraju VK, Cheong SL, Klotz KN, Ang WH, Pastorin G. Organoruthenium Antagonists of Human A3Adenosine Receptors. Chemistry 2013; 19:8321-30. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Antiviral activities of some synthesized methylsulfanyltriazoloquinazoline derivatives. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-013-1177-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Al-Salahi R, Marzouk M, Awad G, Al-Omar M, Ezzeldin E. Antimicrobial activity of newly synthesized methylsulfanyl-triazoloquinazoline derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:790-7. [PMID: 23647672 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this research was to study and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of a novel 2-methylsulfanyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]quinazoline and its derivatives. Antibacterial activity of the target compounds was tested against a variety of species of Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Bacillus subtilis ATCC6633, and Gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27953 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. In addition some yeast and fungi, Candida albicans NRRL Y-477 and Aspergillus niger, respectively, were screened. METHODS Antimicrobial tests were carried out by the agar well diffusion method, using 100 μl of suspension containing 1 × 10(8) CFU/ml of pathological tested bacteria, 1 × 10(6) CFU/ml of yeast, and 1 × 10(4) spore/ml of fungi spread on nutrient agar (NA), Sabourand dextrose agar (SDA), and potato dextrose agar (PDA), respectively. KEY FINDINGS The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the tested compounds was determined using the broth double dilution method (serially diluted technique) in proper nutrient. For comparison, ciprofloxacin and ketoconazole were used as antibacterial and antifungal reference drugs, respectively. Compounds 6, 9, 13, 14, and 11 were found to have the highest broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against S. aureus ATCC 29213, B. subtilis ATCC6633 and Gram-negative bacteria such as P. aeruginosa ATCC27953 and E. coli ATCC 25922 with MIC values of 6.25 and 12.50 μg/ml. CONCLUSIONS It was clear that many of the synthesized compounds exhibited good antimicrobial activity. This study has revealed that compounds 6, 9, 13, 14, and 11 have been disclosed as moderate antimicrobial agents. These compounds could be useful as templates for further development through modification or derivatization to design more potent antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashad Al-Salahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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14
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Al-Salahi RA, Gamal-Eldeen AM, Alanazi AM, Al-Omar MA, Marzouk MA, Fouda MMG. Cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activity of methylsulfanyl-triazoloquinazolines. Molecules 2013; 18:1434-46. [PMID: 23348996 PMCID: PMC6270609 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18021434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of twenty five 2-methylsulfanyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]quinazoline derivatives 1-25 was previously synthesized. We have now investigated their cytotoxic effects against hepatocellular Hep-G2 and colon HCT-116 carcinoma cells and effect on the macrophage growth, in addition to their influence of the inflammatory mediators [nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), prostaglandin E-2 (PGE-2) and in bacterial lipopolysachharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages]. The findings revealed that compounds 13 and 17 showed the highest cytotoxicity and that 3, 6-8 and 25 are promising multi-potent anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashad A Al-Salahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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15
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Kovalenko SI, Antypenko LM, Bilyi AK, Kholodnyak SV, Karpenko OV, Antypenko OM, Mykhaylova NS, Los TI, Kolomoets OS. Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of 2-(Alkyl-, Alkaryl-, Aryl-, Hetaryl-)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazolines. Sci Pharm 2012; 81:359-91. [PMID: 23833709 PMCID: PMC3700071 DOI: 10.3797/scipharm.1211-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The combinatorial library of novel potential anticancer agents, namely, 2-(alkyl-, alkaryl-, aryl-, hetaryl-)[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazolines, was synthesized by the heterocyclization of the alkyl-, alkaryl-, aryl-, hetarylcarboxylic acid (3H-quinazoline-4-ylidene)hydrazides by oxidative heterocyclization of the 4-(arylidenehydrazino)quinazolines using bromine, and by the heterocyclization of N-(2-cyanophenyl)formimidic acid ethyl ester. The optimal method for synthesis of the s-triazolo[1,5-c]quinazolines appeared to be cyclocondensation of the corresponding carboxylic acid (3H-quinazoline-4-ylidene)hydrazides. The compounds’ structures were established by 1H, 13C NMR, LC- and EI-MS analysis. The in vitro screening of anticancer activity determined the most active compound to be 3,4,5-trimethoxy-N′-[quinazolin-4(3H)-ylidene]benzohydrazide (3.20) in micromolar concentrations with the GI50 level (MG_MID, GI50 is 2.29). Thus, the cancer cell lines whose growth is greatly inhibited by compound 3.20 are: non-small cell lung cancer (NCI-H522, GI50=0.34), CNS (SF-295, GI50=0.95), ovarian (OVCAR-3, GI50=0.33), prostate (PC-3, GI50=0.56), and breast cancer (MCF7, GI50=0.52), leukemia (K-562, GI50=0.41; SR, GI50=0.29), and melanoma (MDA-MB-435, GI50=0.31; SK-MEL-5, GI50=0.74; UACC-62, GI50=0.32). SAR-analysis is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiy I Kovalenko
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry Department, Zaporizhzhya State Medical University, Mayakovsky Ave. 26, 69035, Zaporizhzhya, Ukraine
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Xu Z, Cheng F, Li J, Zhou Y, Su N, Li W, Liu G, Tang Y. Comparative pharmacophore modeling of human adenosine receptor A1 and A3 antagonists. Sci China Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-012-4606-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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17
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Functional selectivity of adenosine A1 receptor ligands? Purinergic Signal 2012; 9:91-100. [PMID: 23054444 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-012-9334-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of functional selectivity offers great potential for the development of drugs that selectively activate a specific intracellular signaling pathway. During the last few years, it has become possible to systematically analyse compound libraries on G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) for this 'biased' form of signaling. We screened over 800 compounds targeting the class of adenosine A(1) receptors using a β-arrestin-mediated signaling assay in U2OS cells as a G protein-independent readout for GPCR activation. A selection of compounds was further analysed in a G protein-mediated GTPγS assay. Additionally, receptor affinity of these compounds was determined in a radioligand binding assay with the agonist [(3)H]CCPA. Of all compounds tested, only LUF5589 9 might be considered as functionally selective for the G protein-dependent pathway, particularly in view of a likely overestimation of β-arrestin signaling in the U2OS cells. Altogether, our study shows that functionally selective ligands for the adenosine A(1) receptor are rare, if existing at all. A thorough analysis of biased signaling on other GPCRs also reveals that only very few compounds can be considered functionally selective. This might indicate that the concept of functional selectivity is less common than speculated.
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Fanelli F, De Benedetti PG. Update 1 of: computational modeling approaches to structure-function analysis of G protein-coupled receptors. Chem Rev 2011; 111:PR438-535. [PMID: 22165845 DOI: 10.1021/cr100437t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fanelli
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 183, 41125 Modena, Italy.
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Cheong SL, Federico S, Venkatesan G, Mandel AL, Shao YM, Moro S, Spalluto G, Pastorin G. The A3 adenosine receptor as multifaceted therapeutic target: pharmacology, medicinal chemistry, and in silico approaches. Med Res Rev 2011; 33:235-335. [PMID: 22095687 DOI: 10.1002/med.20254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is an ubiquitous local modulator that regulates various physiological and pathological functions by stimulating four membrane receptors, namely A(1), A(2A), A(2B), and A(3). Among these G protein-coupled receptors, the A(3) subtype is found mainly in the lung, liver, heart, eyes, and brain in our body. It has been associated with cerebroprotection and cardioprotection, as well as modulation of cellular growth upon its selective activation. On the other hand, its inhibition by selective antagonists has been reported to be potentially useful in the treatment of pathological conditions including glaucoma, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. In this review, we focused on the pharmacology and the therapeutic implications of the human (h)A(3) adenosine receptor (AR), together with an overview on the progress of hA(3) AR agonists, antagonists, allosteric modulators, and radioligands, as well as on the recent advances pertaining to the computational approaches (e.g., quantitative structure-activity relationships, homology modeling, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations) applied to the modeling of hA(3) AR and drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew Lee Cheong
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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Al-Salahi R, Detlef G, Ahmed B. 2-Benz-yloxy-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]quinazolin-5(4H)-one. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2011; 67:o1861. [PMID: 21837225 PMCID: PMC3151920 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536811024962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, C16H12N4O2, is a functionalized triazoloquinazoline with a substituted benzyloxy group attached at the 2-position of a triazole spacer. The triazoloquinazoline fused-ring system is approximately planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.016 Å) while the benzyl substituent is perpendicular to the ring system, making a dihedral angle of 65.29 (6)°. The phenyl ring of the benzyloxy moiety is equally disordered over two sets of sites. A centrosymmetric N—H⋯N hydrogen bond connects molecules into dimers.
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Schiedel AC, Hinz S, Thimm D, Sherbiny F, Borrmann T, Maass A, Müller CE. The four cysteine residues in the second extracellular loop of the human adenosine A2B receptor: role in ligand binding and receptor function. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:389-99. [PMID: 21620804 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The adenosine A(2B) receptor is of considerable interest as a new drug target for the treatment of asthma, inflammatory diseases, pain, and cancer. In the present study we investigated the role of the cysteine residues in the extracellular loop 2 (ECL2) of the receptor, which is particularly cysteine-rich, by a combination of mutagenesis, molecular modeling, chemical and pharmacological experiments. Pretreatment of CHO cells recombinantly expressing the human A(2B) receptor with dithiothreitol led to a 74-fold increase in the EC(50) value of the agonist NECA in cyclic AMP accumulation. In the C78(3.25)S and the C171(45.50)S mutant high-affinity binding of the A(2B) antagonist radioligand [(3)H]PSB-603 was abolished and agonists were virtually inactive in cAMP assays. This indicates that the C3.25-C45.50 disulfide bond, which is highly conserved in GPCRs, is also important for binding and function of A(2B) receptors. In contrast, the C166(45.45)S and the C167(45.46)S mutant as well as the C166(45.45)S-C167(45.46)S double mutant behaved like the wild-type receptor, while in the C154(45.33)S mutant significant, although more subtle effects on cAMP accumulation were observed - decrease (BAY60-6583) or increase (NECA) - depending on the structure of the investigated agonist. In contrast to the X-ray structure of the closely related A(2A) receptor, which showed four disulfide bonds, the present data indicate that in the A(2B) receptor only the C3.25-C45.50 disulfide bond is essential for ligand binding and receptor activation. Thus, the cysteine residues in the ECL2 of the A(2B) receptor not involved in stabilization of the receptor structure may have other functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke C Schiedel
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
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Al-Salahi R, Geffken D. Synthesis of novel 2-alkoxy(aralkoxy)-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]quinazolin-5-ones starting with dialkyl-N-cyanoimidocarbonates. J Heterocycl Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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23
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Al-Salahi R, Geffken D, Koellner M. A New Series of 2-Alkoxy(aralkoxy)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]quinazolin-5-ones as Adenosine Receptor Antagonists. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2011; 59:730-3. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.59.730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rashad Al-Salahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University
| | - Detlef Geffken
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Hamburg University
| | - Maria Koellner
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Hamburg University
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Abstract
This paper reports the synthesis of phenyl-substituted 2-alkoxy(methylsulfanyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]quinazolines starting from N-cyanoimidocarbonates and substituted hydrazinobenzoic acids as building blocks. Thionation or chlorination of the inherent lactam moiety in the target compounds followed by treatment with multifunctional nucleophiles provided access to a variety of derivatives.
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Mahmoud MR, Derbala HAY. Heteroannulated Quinazoline and Quinazolinone Derivatives from (Z)-2-[1-Benzamido-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)]vinyl-3,1-benzoxazin-4(3H)-one. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910903098722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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26
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Miwatashi S, Arikawa Y, Matsumoto T, Uga K, Kanzaki N, Imai YN, Ohkawa S. Synthesis and biological activities of 4-phenyl-5-pyridyl-1,3-thiazole derivatives as selective adenosine A3 antagonists. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2008; 56:1126-37. [PMID: 18670113 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.56.1126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the potency of an adenosine A3 receptor (A3AR) antagonist as an anti-asthmatic drug, a novel series of 4-phenyl-5-pyridyl-1,3-thiazole derivatives was synthesized and evaluated in human adenosine A1, A2A and A3 receptor and rat adenosine A3 receptor binding assays. From investigation of the SAR study, compound 7af was identified as a highly potent human and rat A3AR antagonist. This compound inhibited IB-MECA-induced plasma protein extravasation in the skin of rats and showed good oral absorption. Also, compound 7af significantly inhibited antigen-induced hyper-responsiveness to acetylcholine in actively sensitized Brown Norway rats. These results show that 4-phenyl-5-pyridyl-1,3-thiazole derivatives are potential candidates to enable the evaluation of A3AR antagonists. Further evaluation of this class of compounds may afford a novel anti-inflammatory agent such as an anti-asthmatic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Miwatashi
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd, Osaka, Japan.
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27
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Martinelli A, Tuccinardi T. Molecular modeling of adenosine receptors: new results and trends. Med Res Rev 2008; 28:247-77. [PMID: 17492754 DOI: 10.1002/med.20106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is a ubiquitous neuromodulator, which carries out its biological task by stimulating four cell surface receptors (A(1), A(2A), A(2B), and A(3)). Adenosine receptors (ARs) are members of the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Their discovery opened up new avenues for potential drug treatment of a variety of conditions such as asthma, neurodegenerative disorders, chronic inflammatory diseases, and many other physiopathological states that are believed to be associated with changes in adenosine levels. Knowledge of the 3D structure of ARs could be of great help in the task of understanding their function and in the rational design of specific ligands. However, since GPCRs are membrane-bound proteins, high-resolution structural characterization is still an extremely difficult task. For this reason, great importance has been placed on molecular modeling studies and, particularly in the last few years, on homology modeling (HM) techniques. The publication of the first high-resolution crystal structure for bovine rhodopsin (bRh), a GPCR superfamily member, provides the option of utilizing HM to generate 3D models based on detailed structural information. In this review we report, analyze, and compare the main experimental data, computational HM procedures and validation methods used for ARs, describing in detail the most successful results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Martinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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28
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González MP, Terán C, Teijeira M. Search for new antagonist ligands for adenosine receptors from QSAR point of view. How close are we? Med Res Rev 2008; 28:329-71. [PMID: 17668454 DOI: 10.1002/med.20108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In view of the large libraries of nucleoside analogues that are now being handled in organic synthesis, the identification of drug biological activity is advisable prior to synthesis and this can be achieved by employing predictive biological property methods. In this sense, Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSAR) or docking approaches have emerged as promising tools. Although a large number of in silico approaches have been described in the literature for the prediction of different biological activities, the use of QSAR applications to develop adenosine receptor (AR) antagonists is not common as for the case of the antibiotics and anticancer compounds for instance. The intention of this review is to summarize the present knowledge concerning computational predictions of new molecules as adenosine receptor antagonists.
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Beukers MW, Meurs I, Ijzerman AP. Structure-affinity relationships of adenosine A2B receptor ligands. Med Res Rev 2007; 26:667-98. [PMID: 16847822 DOI: 10.1002/med.20069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Many selective and high affinity agonists and antagonists have been developed for the adenosine A(1), A(2A), and A(3) receptors. Very recently such compounds have been identified for the adenosine A(2B) receptors. This review presents an overview of the structure-affinity relationships of antagonists and agonists for this receptor subtype as published in the scientific and patent literature. To date the most selective >370-fold, high affinity adenosine A(2B) receptor antagonist is the xanthine analog, compound 16 (8-(1-(3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)methyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,3-dipropyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione). The pyrrolopyrimidine analog OSIP339391 (73) is slightly less selective, 70-fold, but has a higher affinity 0.41 nM compared to 1 nM for compound 16. Other promising classes of compounds with selectivities ranging from 10- to 160-fold and affinities ranging from 3 to 112 nM include triazolo, aminothiazole, quinazoline, and pyrimidin-2-amine analogs. Progress has also been achieved concerning the development of selective high affinity agonists for the adenosine A(2B) receptor. For years the most potent, albeit non-selective adenosine A(2B) receptor agonist was (S)PHPNECA (88). Last year, a new class of non-ribose ligands was reported. Several compounds displayed selectivity with respect to adenosine A(2A) and A(3) receptors. In addition, full and partial agonists for the adenosine A(2B) receptor were identified with EC(50) values of 10 nM (LUF5835, 103) and 9 nM (LUF5845, 105), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot W Beukers
- Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Cacciari B, Bolcato C, Spalluto G, Klotz KN, Bacilieri M, Deflorian F, Moro S. Pyrazolo-triazolo-pyrimidines as adenosine receptor antagonists: A complete structure-activity profile. Purinergic Signal 2007; 3:183-93. [PMID: 18404432 PMCID: PMC2096643 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-006-9027-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2006] [Revised: 09/05/2006] [Accepted: 09/07/2006] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last 5 years, many efforts have been conducted searching potent and selective human A(3) adenosine antagonists. In this field several different classes of compounds, possessing very good affinity (nM range) and with a broad range of selectivity, have been proposed. Recently, our group synthesized a new series of pyrazolo-triazolo-pyrimidines bearing different substitutions at the N(5) and N(8) positions, which have been described as highly potent and selective human A(3) adenosine receptor antagonists. The present review summarizes available data and provides an overview of the structure-activity relationships found for this class of human A(3) adenosine receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Cacciari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17–19, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiara Bolcato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giampiero Spalluto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Karl-Norbet Klotz
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Bacilieri
- Molecular Modeling Section, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Deflorian
- Molecular Modeling Section, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Moro
- Molecular Modeling Section, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Kim SK, Gao ZG, Jeong LS, Jacobson KA. Docking studies of agonists and antagonists suggest an activation pathway of the A3 adenosine receptor. J Mol Graph Model 2006; 25:562-77. [PMID: 16793299 PMCID: PMC6262875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2006.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2006] [Revised: 05/03/2006] [Accepted: 05/03/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Structural determinants of ligand efficacy in the human A(3) adenosine receptor (AR) were studied using pharmacophore and docking analyses of various categories of A(3) selective ligands: inverse agonist, neutral antagonist (nonnucleoside and nucleoside), and agonist (partial and full). The homology modeling of GPCRs was adapted to provide two templates: the rhodopsin-based resting state for antagonist binding and a putative Meta I state, conformationally altered at a key residue (W6.48), for agonist binding. The preferential binding domains and/or local conformational changes associated with docking of three high affinity A(3)AR ligands were compared: inverse agonist PSB-11 1 ((R)-8-ethyl-4-methyl-2-phenyl-imidazo[2,1-i]purin-5-one); neutral antagonist MRE-3008F20 7 (5-[[(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]carbonyl]amino-8-methyl-2-(2-furyl)pyra-zolo[4,3-e]1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine), and full agonist Cl-IB-MECA 21 (2-chloro-N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine) to define a distinct recognition mode for each. Ribose-containing agonists were more hydrophilic than nonnucleoside antagonists, and H-bonding ability at the ribose 3'- and 5'-positions was required for agonism. From the receptor perspective, common requirements for activation included the destabilization of H-bond networks at W6.48 and H7.43, the specific interactions of the ribose moiety in its putative hydrophilic pocket at T3.36, S7.42, and H7.43, the stabilization of the complex by inward movement of F5.43, and the characteristic rotation of W6.48. By analogy, outward rotation of the W6.48 side-chain upon activation of an internally-crosslinking mutant M(3) muscarinic receptor was indicated by constrained molecular dynamics (MD). Our results are consistent with an anti-clockwise rotation (from the extracellular view) of transmembrane domains 3, 5, 6, and 7, as proposed for other Family A GPCRs. Thus, the putative conformational changes associated with A(3)AR activation indicate a shared mechanism of GPCR activation similar to rhodopsin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Kyung Kim
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lak Shin Jeong
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, South Korea
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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32
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Triazoloquinazolines as Human A3 Adenosine Receptor Antagonists: A QSAR Study. Int J Mol Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.3390/i7110485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Moro S, Gao ZG, Jacobson KA, Spalluto G. Progress in the pursuit of therapeutic adenosine receptor antagonists. Med Res Rev 2006; 26:131-59. [PMID: 16380972 PMCID: PMC9194718 DOI: 10.1002/med.20048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ever since the discovery of the hypotensive and bradycardiac effects of adenosine, adenosine receptors continue to represent promising drug targets. First, this is due to the fact that the receptors are expressed in a large variety of tissues. In particular, the actions of adenosine (or methylxanthine antagonists) in the central nervous system, in the circulation, on immune cells, and on other tissues can be beneficial in certain disorders. Second, there exists a large number of ligands, which have been generated by introducing several modifications in the structure of the lead compounds (adenosine and methylxanthine), some of them highly specific. Four adenosine receptor subtypes (A1, A2A, A2B, and A3) have been cloned and pharmacologically characterized, all of which are G protein-coupled receptors. Adenosine receptors can be distinguished according to their preferred mechanism of signal transduction: A1 and A3 receptors interact with pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins of the Gi and Go family; the canonical signaling mechanism of the A2A and of the A2B receptors is stimulation of adenylyl cyclase via Gs proteins. In addition to the coupling to adenylyl cyclase, all four subtypes may positively couple to phospholipase C via different G protein subunits. The development of new ligands, in particular, potent and selective antagonists, for all subtypes of adenosine receptors has so far been directed by traditional medicinal chemistry. The availability of genetic information promises to facilitate understanding of the drug-receptor interaction leading to the rational design of a potentially therapeutically important class of drugs. Moreover, molecular modeling may further rationalize observed interactions between the receptors and their ligands. In this review, we will summarize the most relevant progress in developing new therapeutic adenosine receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Moro
- Molecular Modeling Section, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 5, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
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Baraldi PG, Fruttarolo F, Tabrizi MA, Romagnoli R, Preti D, Carriòn MD, Iaconinoto A, Borea PA. Recent improvements in the field of A3adenosine receptor ligands. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2005. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.15.11.1507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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35
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Manera C, Betti L, Cavallini T, Giannaccini G, Martinelli A, Ortore G, Saccomanni G, Trincavelli L, Tuccinardi T, Ferrarini PL. 1,8-Naphthyridin-4-one derivatives as new ligands of A2A adenosine receptors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:4604-10. [PMID: 16099648 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2005] [Revised: 06/23/2005] [Accepted: 06/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of 1,8-naphthyridine derivatives bearing various substituents in position 3, 4, and 7 of the heterocyclic nucleus have been synthesized and evaluated for their affinity at the bovine and human adenosine receptors. The new compounds were found to lack the affinity toward A(1)AR, whereas many of them are able to acquire an interesting affinity and selectivity for the A(2A)AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clementina Manera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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36
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Trifilieff A, Keller TH, Press NJ, Howe T, Gedeck P, Beer D, Walker C. CGH2466, a combined adenosine receptor antagonist, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibitor with potent in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities. Br J Pharmacol 2005; 144:1002-10. [PMID: 15685201 PMCID: PMC1576082 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Theophylline, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor and adenosine receptor antagonist, is used in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treatment. However, the relatively low effectiveness of theophylline have recently led to reduced usage. The goal of the present study was to identify a theophylline-like compound with improved effectiveness. We discovered CGH2466, which not only antagonised the adenosine A1, A2b and A3 receptors with IC50 values of 19 +/- 4, 21 +/- 3 and 80 +/- 14 nM, respectively, but also inhibited the p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases alpha and beta and the phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) isoenzyme with IC50 values of 187 +/- 18, 400 +/- 38 and 22 +/- 5 nM, respectively. Despite similar potencies on individual targets, CGH2466 inhibited the production of cytokines and oxygen radicals by human peripheral blood leucocytes in vitro, more potently (IC50 values between 30 and 50 nM) than the standard p38 MAP kinase inhibitor SB203580 (30 nM to >1 microM), the PDE4 inhibitor cilomilast (120-400 nM) and the broad spectrum adenosine receptor antagonist CGS15943 (>10 microM). When given either orally or locally into the lungs, CGH2466 (3 to 10 mg kg(-1)) inhibited the ovalbumin- or lipopolysaccharide-induced airway inflammation in mice more potently than the single receptor antagonists or enzyme inhibitors used alone. In conclusion, CGH2466 through its combined activities at multiple targets exerted a powerful anti-inflammatory effect and therefore may have beneficial therapeutic value in diseases such as asthma and COPD.
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MESH Headings
- 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases/antagonists & inhibitors
- 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases/metabolism
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/chemistry
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Cricetinae
- Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 3
- Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Female
- Humans
- Imidazoles/chemistry
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/chemistry
- Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/chemistry
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists
- Pyridines/chemistry
- Pyridines/pharmacology
- Receptors, Purinergic P1/metabolism
- Thiazoles/chemistry
- Thiazoles/pharmacology
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Trifilieff
- Novartis Institutes of BioMedical Research, Respiratory Diseases Area, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB
| | - Thomas H Keller
- Novartis Institutes of BioMedical Research, Respiratory Diseases Area, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB
| | - Neil J Press
- Novartis Institutes of BioMedical Research, Respiratory Diseases Area, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB
| | - Trevor Howe
- Novartis Institutes of BioMedical Research, Respiratory Diseases Area, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB
| | - Peter Gedeck
- Novartis Institutes of BioMedical Research, Respiratory Diseases Area, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB
| | - David Beer
- Novartis Institutes of BioMedical Research, Respiratory Diseases Area, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB
| | - Christoph Walker
- Novartis Institutes of BioMedical Research, Respiratory Diseases Area, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB
- Author for correspondence:
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37
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Fanelli F, De Benedetti PG. Computational Modeling Approaches to Structure−Function Analysis of G Protein-Coupled Receptors. Chem Rev 2005; 105:3297-351. [PMID: 16159154 DOI: 10.1021/cr000095n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fanelli
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy.
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38
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New heterocyclic ligands for the adenosine receptors P1 and for the ATP receptors P2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 60:185-202. [PMID: 15784237 DOI: 10.1016/j.farmac.2004.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2004] [Revised: 07/08/2004] [Accepted: 09/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular adenosine and adenine nucleotides induce various cellular responses through activation of P1 and P2 receptors. P1 receptors preferentially recognize adenosine and four different G protein-coupled receptors (A(1), A(2A), A(2B), and A(3) subtypes) have been identified. On the other hand, P2 receptors are activated by adenine and/or uridine nucleotides and classified into two families: ionotropic P2X and G protein-coupled P2Y receptors. In this article, we summarize our studies which led to development of new potent and selective heterocyclic ligands for the adenosine receptors P1 and for the ATP receptors P2X(7).
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39
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Catarzi D, Colotta V, Varano F, Calabri FR, Lenzi O, Filacchioni G, Trincavelli L, Martini C, Tralli A, Montopoli C, Moro S. 2-aryl-8-chloro-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]quinoxalin-4-amines as highly potent A1 and A3 adenosine receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:705-15. [PMID: 15653338 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2004] [Revised: 10/20/2004] [Accepted: 10/25/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Some 2-aryl-8-chloro-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives 2-18, obtained by introducing different substituents on either the 4-amino moiety (acyl or carbamoyl groups) or the 2-phenyl ring (4-OCH3) of previously reported 8-chloro-2-phenyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]quinoxalin-4-amine (1), have been synthesized and tested in radioligand binding assays at bovine A1 and A(2A) and at cloned human A1 and A3 adenosine receptors. The rationally designed 8-chloro-2-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]quinoxalin-4-acetylamine (14) can be considered one of the most potent and hA3 versus hA1 selective AR antagonists reported till now. The structure-activity relationships of compounds 2-18 are in agreement with those of previously reported 2-aryl-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalines (series A) and 2-arylpyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolines (series B), thus suggesting a similar AR binding mode. In fact, the importance for the A3 receptor-ligand interaction of both a strong acidic NH proton donor and a C=O proton acceptor at position-4, able to engage hydrogen-bonding interactions with specific sites on the A3 AR, has been confirmed. Using our recently published hA3 receptor model, to better elucidate our experimental results, we decided to theoretically depict the putative TM binding motif of the herein reported 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives on human A3 receptor. Structure-activity relationships have been explained analyzing the three-dimensional structure of the antagonist-receptor models obtained by molecular docking simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Catarzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy.
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40
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41
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Wolber C, Fozard JR. The receptor mechanism mediating the contractile response to adenosine on lung parenchymal strips from actively sensitised, allergen-challenged Brown Norway rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2005; 371:158-68. [PMID: 15778904 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-004-1012-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2004] [Accepted: 11/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Parenchymal strips prepared from lungs removed from actively sensitised Brown Norway rats challenged with allergen show hyperresponsiveness to adenosine. The response is mast cell mediated and a preliminary pharmacological analysis suggested the involvement of a receptor (or receptors) that could not be classified as any of the known adenosine receptor subtypes. We present a further analysis of the response. Male Brown Norway (BN) rats, actively sensitised to ovalbumin (OA), were challenged intratracheally with OA and killed 3 h later to provide parenchymal strip preparations. The augmented contractile responses to adenosine were partially blocked by the 5-HT receptor antagonist, methysergide, or the A(1) receptor antagonist, DPCPX, and abolished in the presence of both antagonists. Responses to high concentrations of the A(1) receptor agonist, CPA were, like those to adenosine, augmented on tissues from allergen-challenged animals and blocked by a combination of methysergide and DPCPX. The A(3) receptor agonist, Cl-IB-MECA, did not contract the tissue, but partially blocked the response to adenosine. A combination of Cl-IB-MECA and methysergide induced a similar degree of blockade to that seen with either drug given alone. Combination of Cl-IB-MECA and/or methysergide with DPCPX abolished the response to adenosine. The effects of the A(3) receptor agonist, inosine, were augmented on tissues from allergen-challenged animals and markedly inhibited by disodium cromoglycate, methysergide or Cl-IB-MECA. Responses to adenosine were abolished when parenchymal strips were taken from rats pretreated 48 h previously with pertussis toxin. 8-SPT, CGS 15943, XAC, MRS 1754, DPCPX and theophylline, at concentrations which inhibit the A(1) A(2A) and/or A(2B) receptors but have negligible affinity for the rat A(3) receptor, inhibited responses to adenosine, but high concentrations were required and blockade was incomplete. MRS 1523 and MRS 1191, which are antagonists at the rat A(3) receptor, had no effect on the response to adenosine. The present results support and clarify our earlier conclusion that an atypical receptor mechanism mediates contraction of the parenchymal strip prepared from the lungs of actively sensitised BN rats challenged with allergen to adenosine. The response arises from a combined effect of adenosine on the A(1) receptor and a receptor with similarities to the A(3) receptor, but where Cl-IB-MECA behaves as an antagonist and MRS 1523 and MRS 1191 are inactive at concentrations that substantially exceed their affinities for the rat A(3) receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Wolber
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
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42
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Jung KY, Kim SK, Gao ZG, Gross AS, Melman N, Jacobson KA, Kim YC. Structure-activity relationships of thiazole and thiadiazole derivatives as potent and selective human adenosine A3 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:613-23. [PMID: 14738972 PMCID: PMC8611645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2003.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
4-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-2-aminothiazole and 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-aminothiadiazole derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated as selective antagonists for human adenosine A3 receptors. A methoxy group in the 4-position of the phenyl ring and N-acetyl or propionyl substitutions of the aminothiazole and aminothiadiazole templates displayed great increases of binding affinity and selectivity for human adenosine A3 receptors. The most potent A3 antagonist of the present series, N-[3-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-[1,2,4]thiadiazol-5-yl]-acetamide (39) exhibiting a Ki value of 0.79 nM at human adenosine A3 receptors, showed antagonistic property in a functional assay of cAMP biosynthesis involved in one of the signal transduction pathways of adenosine A3 receptors. Molecular modeling study of conformation search and receptor docking experiments to investigate the dramatic differences of binding affinities between two regioisomers of thiadiazole analogues, (39) and (42), suggested possible binding mechanisms in the binding pockets of adenosine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan-Young Jung
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery, Department of Life Science, Kwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
| | - Soo-Kyung Kim
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892-0810, USA
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892-0810, USA
| | - Ariel S. Gross
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892-0810, USA
| | - Neli Melman
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892-0810, USA
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892-0810, USA
| | - Yong-Chul Kim
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery, Department of Life Science, Kwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +82-62-970-2502; fax: +82-62-970-2484;
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43
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Okamura T, Kurogi Y, Hashimoto K, Nishikawa H, Nagao Y. Facile synthesis of fused 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine derivatives as human adenosine A3 receptor ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:2443-6. [PMID: 15109629 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2004] [Revised: 03/03/2004] [Accepted: 03/04/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A facile synthetic method for fused triazolopyrimidine derivatives having high affinity and selectivity for human adenosine A(3) receptors is reported. The fused triazolopyrimidine derivatives were easily prepared by one-pot reaction using acylhydrazines and imidates prepared from amine derivatives bearing cyano group and orthoesters in situ. This synthetic method was useful in finding new tricyclic adenosine A(3) receptor antagonists and also in diversifying the substituents at two positions on the fused triazolopyrimidine ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Okamura
- Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc. Tateiwa, Muya-cho, Naruto, Tokushima 772-8601, Japan.
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44
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Beukers MW, van Oppenraaij J, van der Hoorn PPW, Blad CC, den Dulk H, Brouwer J, IJzerman AP. Random mutagenesis of the human adenosine A2B receptor followed by growth selection in yeast. Identification of constitutively active and gain of function mutations. Mol Pharmacol 2004; 65:702-10. [PMID: 14978249 DOI: 10.1124/mol.65.3.702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To gain insight in spontaneous as well as agonist-induced activation of the human adenosine A2B receptor, we applied a random mutagenesis approach in yeast to create a large number of receptor mutants and selected mutants of interest with a robust screening assay based on growth. The amino acid sequence of 14 mutated receptors was determined. All these mutated receptors displayed constitutive activity. In particular, single-point mutations at T42A, V54L, and F84S and a triple-point mutation at N36S, T42A, and T66A resulted in high constitutive activity. In addition, a C-terminally truncated (after Lys269) mutant, Q214L I230N V240M V250M N254Y T257S K269stop, was highly constitutively active. The T42A, V54L, and F84S mutants showed a considerable decrease, 4.9- to 6.9-fold, in the EC50 value of 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA), an adenosine analog. Combined mutation of I242T, K269R, V284A, and H302Q, as well as F84L together with S95G, resulted in an even greater potency of NECA of 10- and 18-fold, respectively. In fact, all constitutively active mutants had an increased potency for NECA. This suggests that the wild-type (wt) human A2B receptor itself is rather silent, which may explain the low affinity of agonists for this receptor. To verify the ability of the mutant receptors to activate mammalian second messenger systems, cAMP experiments were performed in CHO cells stably expressing the wt and T42A receptors. These experiments confirmed the increased sensitivity of T42A for NECA, because the EC50 values of T42A and the wt receptor were 0.15 +/- 0.04 and 1.3 +/- 0.4 microM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot W Beukers
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, LACDR, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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45
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Baraldi PG, Tabrizi MA, Fruttarolo F, Bovero A, Avitabile B, Preti D, Romagnoli R, Merighi S, Gessi S, Varani K, Borea PA. Recent developments in the field of A3 adenosine receptor antagonists. Drug Dev Res 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.10167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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46
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Baraldi PG, Tabrizi MA, Bovero A, Avitabile B, Preti D, Fruttarolo F, Romagnoli R, Varani K, Borea PA. Recent developments in the field of A2A and A3 adenosine receptor antagonists. Eur J Med Chem 2003; 38:367-82. [PMID: 12750024 DOI: 10.1016/s0223-5234(03)00042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the last years adenosine receptors have been extensively studied, and mainly at present we understand the importance of A(2A) and A(3) adenosine receptors. A(2A) selective adenosine receptors antagonists are promising new drugs for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, while A(3) selective adenosine receptors antagonists have been postulated as novel anti-inflammatory and antiallergic agents; recent studies also indicated a possible employment of these derivatives as antitumour agents. Lately different classes of compounds have been identified as potent A(2A) and A(3) antagonists. In this article we report the past and present efforts which led to development of more potent and selective A(2A) and A(3) antagonists. Our group has mainly worked on the pyrazolo[4,3-e]-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine nucleus both as A(2A) and A(3) antagonists, aiming to improve the affinity, selectivity and the hydrophilic profile. In fact, we have synthesised several compounds endowed with high affinity and selectivity versus A(2A) adenosine receptors, as 2, 2a-c (K(i)A(2A)=0.12-0.19 nM), or A(3) adenosine receptors, as 4p (K(i)A(3)=0.01 nM) and 4q (K(i)A(3)=0.04 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Giovanni Baraldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44100, Ferrara, Italy.
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47
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Yasuda N, Inoue T, Horizoe T, Nagata K, Minami H, Kawata T, Hoshino Y, Harada H, Yoshikawa S, Asano O, Nagaoka J, Murakami M, Abe S, Kobayashi S, Tanaka I. Functional characterization of the adenosine receptor contributing to glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in rat hepatocytes. Eur J Pharmacol 2003; 459:159-66. [PMID: 12524141 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(02)02832-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The adenosine receptor subtype mediating glucose production by glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis was studied in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. Adenosine and adenosine agonists caused cyclic AMP accumulation in rat hepatocytes. The order of potency was 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA)>R(-)-N(6)-(2-phenylisopropyl)adenosine (RPIA)>adenosine>2-[p-(carboxyethyl)phenylethylamino]-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (CGS21680). Furthermore, adenosine agonists stimulated glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. The order of potency was NECA>RPIA>CGS21680. The rank order of potency is typical for adenosine A(2B) receptors. Glycogenolysis stimulated by NECA was fully inhibited by nonselective adenosine antagonists, 9-chloro-2-(2-furanyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazolin-5-amine (CGS15943). However, the adenosine A(2A) receptor-selective antagonist, 8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine (CSC), and the adenosine A(1) receptor-selective antagonist, (+)-(R)-[(E)-3-(2-phenylpyrazolo[1,5-alpha]pyridin-3-yl)acryloyl]-2-piperidine ethanol (FK453), had a low inhibitory potency. A strong correlation was found between the inhibitory effect of adenosine antagonists on NECA-induced glucose production and that on intracellular cyclic AMP generation in rat hepatocytes. Our results suggest that adenosine stimulates cyclic AMP formation and regulates glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, most likely through the adenosine A(2B) receptor subtype in rat hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Yasuda
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co. Ltd., 5-1-3 Tokodai, Ibaraki 300-2635, Tsukuba, Japan.
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48
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Hannon JP, Tigani B, Wolber C, Williams I, Mazzoni L, Howes C, Fozard JR. Evidence for an atypical receptor mediating the augmented bronchoconstrictor response to adenosine induced by allergen challenge in actively sensitized Brown Norway rats. Br J Pharmacol 2002; 135:685-96. [PMID: 11834616 PMCID: PMC1573180 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2001] [Accepted: 11/11/2001] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The bronchoconstrictor response to adenosine is markedly and selectively increased following ovalbumin (OA) challenge in actively sensitized, Brown Norway rats. We present a pharmacological analysis of the receptor mediating this response. Like adenosine, the broad-spectrum adenosine receptor agonist, NECA, induced dose-related bronchoconstriction in actively sensitized, OA-challenged animals. In contrast, CPA, CGS 21680 and 2-Cl-IB-MECA, agonists selective for A(1) A(2A) and A(3) receptors, respectively, induced no, or minimal, bronchoconstriction. Neither the selective A(1) receptor antagonist, DPCPX, nor the selective A(2A) receptor antagonist, ZM 241385, blocked the bronchoconstrictor response to adenosine. MRS 1754, which has similar affinity for rat A(2B) and A(1) receptors, failed to block the bronchoconstrictor response to adenosine despite blockade of the A(1) receptor-mediated bradycardia induced by NECA. 8-SPT and CGS 15943, antagonists at A(1), A(2A), and A(2B) but not A(3) receptors, inhibited the bronchoconstrictor response to adenosine. However, the degree of blockade (approximately 3 fold) did not reflect the plasma concentrations, which were 139 and 21 times greater than the K(B) value at the rat A(2B) receptor, respectively. Adenosine and NECA, but not CPA, CGS 21680 or 2-Cl-IB-MECA, induced contraction of parenchymal strip preparations from actively sensitized OA-challenged animals. Responses to adenosine could not be antagonized by 8-SPT or MRS 1754 at concentrations >50 times their affinities at the rat A(2B) receptor. The receptor mediating the bronchoconstrictor response to adenosine augmented following allergen challenge in actively sensitized BN rats cannot be categorized as one of the four recognized adenosine receptor subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Hannon
- Research Department, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - B Tigani
- Research Department, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - C Wolber
- Research Department, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - I Williams
- Research Department, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - L Mazzoni
- Research Department, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - C Howes
- Novartis Horsham Research Centre, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham RH12 4AB
| | - J R Fozard
- Research Department, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
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49
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Ravi RG, Kertesy SB, Dubyak GR, Jacobson KA. Potent P2X 7 Receptor Antagonists: Tyrosyl Derivatives Synthesized Using a Sequential Parallel Synthetic Approach. Drug Dev Res 2001; 54:75-87. [PMID: 27019545 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.1207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Novel analogs of 1-(N,O-bis[5-isoquinolinesulfonyl]-N-methyl-L-tyrosyl)-4-phenylpiperazine (KN-62,1) were synthesized and found to be potent antagonists in a functional assay, inhibition of ATP-induced K+ efflux in HEK293 cells expressing recombinant human P2X7 receptors. Antagonism of murine P2X7 receptors was also observed. The analogs consisted of L-tyrosine derivatives, of the general structure R1-Tyr(OR2)-piperazinyl-R3, in which three positions were systematically varied in structure through facile acylation reactions. Each of the three positions was optimized in sequence through parallel synthesis alternating with biological evaluation, leading to the identification and optimization of potent P2X7 antagonists. The optimal groups at R1 were found to be large hydrophobic groups, linked to the α-amino position through carbamate, amide, or sulfonamide groups. The benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz) group was preferred over most sulfonamides and other acyl groups examined, except for quinoline sulfonyl. At R2, an arylsulfonate ester was preferred, and the order of potency was p-tolyl, p-methoxyphenyl, phenyl > α-naphthyl, β-naphthyl. A benzoyl ester was of intermediate potency. Aliphatic esters and carbonate derivatives at the tyrosyl phenol were inactive, while a tyrosyl O-benzyl ether was relatively potent. The most potent P2X7 receptor antagonists identified in this study contained Cbz at the R1 position, an aryl sulfonate at the R2 position, and various acyl groups at the R3 position. At R3, t-butyloxycarbonyl- and benzoyl groups were preferred. The opening of the piperazinyl ring to an ethylene diamine moiety abolished antagonism. In concentration-response studies, a di-isoquinolinyl, Boc derivative, 4 (MRS2306), displayed an IC50 value of 40 nM as an antagonist of P2X7 receptor-mediated ion flux and was more potent than the reference compound 1. Nα-Cbz, Boc-piperazinyl derivatives, 11 (MRS2317), 22 (MRS2326), and 41 (MRS2409) were less potent than 1, with IC50 values of 200-300 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gnana Ravi
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sylvia B Kertesy
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - George R Dubyak
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Baraldi PG, Cacciari B, Romagnoli R, Klotz KN, Spalluto G, Varani K, Gessi S, Merighi S, Borea PA. Pyrazolo[4,3-e]1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine derivatives as adenosine receptor ligands: A starting point for searching A2B adenosine receptor antagonists. Drug Dev Res 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.1191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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