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Jiang K, Luo P, Wang X, Lu L. Insight into advances for the biosynthetic progress of fermented echinocandins of antifungals. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14359. [PMID: 37885073 PMCID: PMC10832530 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections have increased remarkably, which have become unprecedented concern to human health. However, the effectiveness of current antifungal drugs is limited due to drug resistance and toxic side-effects. It is urgently required to establish the effective biosynthetic strategy for developing novel and safe antifungal molecules economically. Echinocandins become a promising option as a mainstay family of antifungals, due to specifically targeting the fungal specific cell wall. To date, three kinds of echinocandins for caspofungin, anidulafungin, and micafungin, which derived from pneumocandin B0 , echinocandin B, and FR901379, are commercially available in clinic and have shown potential in managing invasive fungal infections in a cost-effective manner. However, current echinocandins-derived precursors all are produced by environmental fungal isolates with long fermentation cycle and low yields, which challenge the production efficacy of these precursors in industry. Therefore, understanding their biosynthetic machinery is of great importance for improving antifungal titres and creating new echinocandins-derived products. With the development of genome-wide sequencing and establishment of gene-editing technology, there are a growing number of reports on echinocandins-derived products and their biosynthetic gene clusters. This review briefly summarizes the discovery and development history of echinocandins, compares their structural characteristics and biosynthetic processes, and sums up existed strategies for improving their production. Moreover, the genomic analysis of related biosynthetic gene clusters of echinocandins is discussed, highlighting the similarities and differences among the clusters. Last, the biosynthetic processes of echinocandins are compared, focusing on the activation and attachment of side-chains and the formation of the hexapeptide core. This review aims to provide insights into the development and production of new echinocandin drugs by modifying the structure of echinocandin-derived precursors and/or optimizing the fermentation processes; and achieve a new microbial chassis for efficient production of echinocandins in heterologous hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Microbiology, College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Pan Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Microbiology, College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Microbiology, College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ling Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Microbiology, College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina
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Wei TY, Wu YJ, Xie QP, Tang JW, Yu ZT, Yang SB, Chen SX. CRISPR/Cas9-Based Genome Editing in the Filamentous Fungus Glarea lozoyensis and Its Application in Manipulating gloF. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:1968-1977. [PMID: 32786921 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.9b00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Glarea lozoyensis is an important industrial fungus that produces the pneumocandin B0, which is used for the synthesis of antifungal drug caspofungin. However, because of the limitations and complications of traditional genetic tools, G. lozoyensis strain engineering has been hindered. In this study, we established an efficient CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing tool in G. lozoyensis SIPI1208. With this method, gene mutagenesis efficiency in the target locus can be up to 80%, which enables the rapid gene knockout. According to the reports, GloF and Ap-HtyE, proline hydroxylases involved in pneumocandin and Echinocandin B biosynthesis, respectively, can catalyze the proline to generate different ratios of trans-3-hydroxy-l-proline to trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline. Heterologous expression of Ap-HtyE in G. lozoyensis decreased the ratio of pneumocandin C0 to (pneumocandin B0 + pneumocandin C0) from 33.5% to 11% without the addition of proline to the fermentation medium. Furthermore, the gloF was replaced by ap-htyE to study the production of pneumocandin C0. However, the gene replacement has been hampered by traditional gene tools since gloF and gloG, two contiguous genes indispensable in the biosynthesis of pneumocandins, are cotranscribed into one mRNA. With the CRISPR/Cas9 strategy, ap-htyE was knocked in and successfully replaced gloF, and results showed that the knock-in strain retained the ability to produce pneumocandin B0, but the production of pneumocandin C0 was abolished. Thus, this strain displayed a competitive advantage in the industrial production of pneumocandin B0. In summary, this study showed that the CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing tool is efficient for manipulating genes in G. lozoyensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Yun Wei
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuan-Jie Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qiu-Ping Xie
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jia-Wei Tang
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhi-Tuo Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Song-Bai Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shao-Xin Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
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Cheng YN, Qiu S, Cheng F, Weng CY, Wang YJ, Zheng YG. Enhancing Catalytic Efficiency of an Actinoplanes utahensis Echinocandin B Deacylase through Random Mutagenesis and Site-Directed Mutagenesis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 190:1257-1270. [PMID: 31741208 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03170-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Echinocandin B deacylase (EBDA), from Actinoplanes utahensis ZJB-08196, is capable of cleaving the linoleoyl group from echinocandin B (ECB), forming the echinocandin B nucleus (ECBN), which is a key precursor of semisynthetic antifungal antibiotics. In the present study, molecular evolution of AuEBDA by random mutagenesis combined with site-directed mutagenesis (SDM) and screening was performed. Random mutagenesis on the wild-type (WT) AuEBDA generated two beneficial substitutions of G287Q, R527V. The "best" variant AuEBDA-G287Q/R527V was obtained by combining G287Q with R527V through SDM, which was most active at 35 °C, pH 7.5, with Km and vmax values of 0.68 mM and 395.26 U/mg, respectively. Mutation of G287Q/R527V markedly increased the catalytic efficiency kcat/Km by 290% compared with the WT-AuEBDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Nan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Yue Weng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
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Pinder N, Pelzl LH, Walther G, Backhaus J, Kurzai O, Hoppe-Tichy T. Caspofungin infusion solutions (50 mg/100 mL): chemical stability and antifungal activity against Candida spp. Pharmazie 2017; 72:197-199. [PMID: 29441986 DOI: 10.1691/ph.2017.6157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ready to use caspofungin infusion bags are centrally prepared in the Hospital Pharmacy, University Hospital of Heidelberg, for economic reasons and possibly occurring problems with drug shortages. The aim of this study was a quality control of the in-house preparation of caspofungin infusion bags and the preparation process. Caspofungin concentration with regard to chemical stability and antifungal activity of caspofungin preparations were defined as quality parameters. METHODS Three caspofungin infusion bags (50 mg in 100 mL 0.9% sodium chloride) were examined every seven days for a total of four weeks. Chemical stability of caspofungin solutions was analyzed using a validated high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Antifungal activity was assessed by microdilution tests according to the EUCAST protocol. Additionally, concentration and sterility were determined in returned caspofungin infusion bags. RESULTS The amount of caspofungin in the infusion solutions still exceeded 90% after four weeks (2-8 °C). Antifungal activity was consistent over 28 days with a MIC ≤2 mg/L for different Candida spp. In returned infusion bags, caspofungin concentration was found to be ≥90% in 12 out of 13 bags and sterility was given in all preparations. CONCLUSION These results show that chemical stability of caspofungin infusion solutions (50 mg/100 mL) can be guaranteed for four weeks at 2-8 °C and are confirmed by corresponding results regarding sterility and antifungal activity.
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Ortíz-López FJ, Monteiro MC, González-Menéndez V, Tormo JR, Genilloud O, Bills GF, Vicente F, Zhang C, Roemer T, Singh SB, Reyes F. Cyclic colisporifungin and linear cavinafungins, antifungal lipopeptides isolated from Colispora cavincola. J Nat Prod 2015; 78:468-475. [PMID: 25636062 DOI: 10.1021/np500854j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Colisporifungin (1), a cyclic depsilipopeptide structurally related to the aselacins, and cavinafungins A and B, two linear peptides, were isolated from liquid culture broths of the hitherto unstudied fungus Colispora cavincola using a Candida albicans whole-cell assay as well as a bioassay to detect compounds potentiating the antifungal activity of caspofungin. The structural elucidation, including the absolute configuration of the new molecules, was accomplished using a combination of spectroscopic and chemical techniques, including 1D and 2D NMR, HRMS, and Marfey's analysis. The cyclic peptide colisporifungin displayed a strong potentiation of the growth inhibitory effect of caspofungin against Aspergillus fumigatus and, to a lesser extent, against Candida albicans. The linear peptides displayed broad-spectrum antifungal activities inhibiting growth of Candida species (MIC values 0.5-4 μg/mL) as well as A. fumigatus with a prominent inhibition of 8 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Ortíz-López
- †Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Avenida del Conocimiento 34, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, E-18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Cândida Monteiro
- †Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Avenida del Conocimiento 34, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, E-18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Víctor González-Menéndez
- †Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Avenida del Conocimiento 34, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, E-18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - José R Tormo
- †Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Avenida del Conocimiento 34, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, E-18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Olga Genilloud
- †Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Avenida del Conocimiento 34, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, E-18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Gerald F Bills
- †Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Avenida del Conocimiento 34, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, E-18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisca Vicente
- †Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Avenida del Conocimiento 34, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, E-18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Chaowei Zhang
- ‡Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Terry Roemer
- ‡Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Sheo B Singh
- ‡Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Fernando Reyes
- †Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Avenida del Conocimiento 34, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, E-18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain
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Piotrowski JS, Okada H, Lu F, Li SC, Hinchman L, Ranjan A, Smith DL, Higbee AJ, Ulbrich A, Coon JJ, Deshpande R, Bukhman YV, McIlwain S, Ong IM, Myers CL, Boone C, Landick R, Ralph J, Kabbage M, Ohya Y. Plant-derived antifungal agent poacic acid targets β-1,3-glucan. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E1490-7. [PMID: 25775513 PMCID: PMC4378397 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1410400112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A rise in resistance to current antifungals necessitates strategies to identify alternative sources of effective fungicides. We report the discovery of poacic acid, a potent antifungal compound found in lignocellulosic hydrolysates of grasses. Chemical genomics using Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed that loss of cell wall synthesis and maintenance genes conferred increased sensitivity to poacic acid. Morphological analysis revealed that cells treated with poacic acid behaved similarly to cells treated with other cell wall-targeting drugs and mutants with deletions in genes involved in processes related to cell wall biogenesis. Poacic acid causes rapid cell lysis and is synergistic with caspofungin and fluconazole. The cellular target was identified; poacic acid localized to the cell wall and inhibited β-1,3-glucan synthesis in vivo and in vitro, apparently by directly binding β-1,3-glucan. Through its activity on the glucan layer, poacic acid inhibits growth of the fungi Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Alternaria solani as well as the oomycete Phytophthora sojae. A single application of poacic acid to leaves infected with the broad-range fungal pathogen S. sclerotiorum substantially reduced lesion development. The discovery of poacic acid as a natural antifungal agent targeting β-1,3-glucan highlights the potential side use of products generated in the processing of renewable biomass toward biofuels as a source of valuable bioactive compounds and further clarifies the nature and mechanism of fermentation inhibitors found in lignocellulosic hydrolysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff S Piotrowski
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53703;
| | - Hiroki Okada
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan 277-8561
| | - Fachuang Lu
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53703
| | - Sheena C Li
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan 351-0198
| | - Li Hinchman
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53703
| | | | | | - Alan J Higbee
- Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Arne Ulbrich
- Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Joshua J Coon
- Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Raamesh Deshpande
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455; and
| | - Yury V Bukhman
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53703
| | - Sean McIlwain
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53703
| | - Irene M Ong
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53703
| | - Chad L Myers
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455; and
| | - Charles Boone
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan 351-0198; Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3E1
| | - Robert Landick
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53703
| | - John Ralph
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53703
| | | | - Yoshikazu Ohya
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan 277-8561;
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Zhu S, Meng X, Su X, Luo Y, Sun Z. Development and validation of a stability-indicating high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the determination of related substances of micafungin sodium in drug substances. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:21202-14. [PMID: 24284389 PMCID: PMC3855999 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141121202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An isocratic, sensitive and stability-indicating high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for separation and determination of the related substances of micafungin sodium was developed. The chromatographic separation was achieved on Agilent Zorbax SB-C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm). Forced degradation study confirmed that the newly developed method was specific and selective to the degradation products. The performance of the method was validated according to the present ICH guidelines for specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness. Regression analysis showed correlation coefficient value greater than 0.999 for micafungin sodium and its six impurities. Limit of detection of impurities was in the range of 0.006%-0.013% indicating the high sensitivity of the newly developed method. Accuracy of the method was established based on the recovery obtained between 98.2% and 102.0% for all impurities. RSD obtained for the repeatability and intermediate precision experiments, was less than 1.0%. The method was successfully applied to quantify related substances of micafungin sodium in bulk drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengsheng Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University. Shanghai 200032, China; E-Mails: (S.Z.); (X.M.); (X.S.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiang Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University. Shanghai 200032, China; E-Mails: (S.Z.); (X.M.); (X.S.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xin Su
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University. Shanghai 200032, China; E-Mails: (S.Z.); (X.M.); (X.S.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yongwei Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University. Shanghai 200032, China; E-Mails: (S.Z.); (X.M.); (X.S.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zuyue Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai 200032, China
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Singh SB, Ondeyka J, Harris G, Herath K, Zink D, Vicente F, Bills G, Collado J, Platas G, González del Val A, Martin J, Reyes F, Wang H, Kahn JN, Galuska S, Giacobbe R, Abruzzo G, Roemer T, Xu D. Isolation, structure, and biological activity of Phaeofungin, a cyclic lipodepsipeptide from a Phaeosphaeria sp. Using the Genome-Wide Candida albicans Fitness Test. J Nat Prod 2013; 76:334-345. [PMID: 23259972 DOI: 10.1021/np300704s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Phaeofungin (1), a new cyclic depsipeptide isolated from Phaeosphaeria sp., was discovered by application of reverse genetics technology, using the Candida albicans fitness test (CaFT). Phaeofungin is comprised of seven amino acids and a β,γ-dihydroxy-γ-methylhexadecanoic acid arranged in a 25-membered cyclic depsipeptide. Five of the amino acids were assigned with d-configurations. The structure was elucidated by 2D-NMR and HRMS-MS analysis of the natural product and its hydrolyzed linear peptide. The absolute configuration of the amino acids was determined by Marfey's method by complete and partial hydrolysis of 1. The CaFT profile of the phaeofungin-containing extract overlapped with that of phomafungin (3), another structurally different cyclic lipodepsipeptide isolated from a Phoma sp. using the same approach. Comparative biological characterization further demonstrated that these two fungal lipodepsipeptides are functionally distinct. While phomafungin was potentiated by cyclosporin A (an inhibitor of the calcineurin pathway), phaeofungin was synergized with aureobasidin A (2) (an inhibitor of the sphingolipid biosynthesis) and to some extent caspofungin (an inhibitor of glucan synthase). Furthermore, phaeofungin caused ATP release in wild-type C. albicans strains but phomafungin did not. It showed modest antifungal activity against C. albicans (MIC 16-32 μg/mL) and better activity against Aspergillus fumigatus (MIC 8-16 μg/mL) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (MIC 4 μg/mL). The linear peptide was inactive, suggesting that the macrocyclic depsipeptide ring is essential for target engagement and antifungal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheo B Singh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories , PO Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA.
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9
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Jiang W, Cacho RA, Chiou G, Garg NK, Tang Y, Walsh CT. EcdGHK are three tailoring iron oxygenases for amino acid building blocks of the echinocandin scaffold. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:4457-66. [PMID: 23451921 PMCID: PMC3628723 DOI: 10.1021/ja312572v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The echinocandins are a small group of fungal N-acylated cyclic hexapeptides that are fungicidal for candida strains and fungistatic for aspergilli by targeting cell wall 1,3-β-glucan synthases. The side chains of all six amino acid building blocks have hydroxyl groups, including the nonproteinogenic 4R,5R-dihydroxy-Orn1, 4R-OH-Pro3, 3S,4S-dihydroxy-homoTyr4, and 3S-OH-4S-Me-Pro6. The echinocandin (ecd) gene cluster contains two predicted nonheme mononuclear iron oxygenase genes (ecdG,K) and one encoding a P450 type heme protein (ecdH). Deletion of the ecdH gene in the producing strain Emericella rugulosa generates an echinocandin scaffold (echinocandin D) lacking both hydroxyl groups on Orn1. Correspondingly, the ΔecdG strain failed to hydroxylate C3 of the homoTyr residue, and purified EcdG hydroxylated free L-homoTyr at C3. The ΔecdK strain failed to generate mature echinocandin unless supplemented with either 4R-Me-Pro or 3S-OH-4S-Me-Pro, indicating blockage of a step upstream of Me-Pro formation. Purified EcdK is a Leu 5-hydroxylase, acting iteratively at C5 to yield γ-Me-Glu-γ-semialdehyde in equilibrium with the cyclic imine product. Evaluation of deshydroxyechinocandin scaffolds in the in vitro anticandidal assays revealed up to a 3-fold loss of potency for the ΔecdG scaffolds, but a 3-fold gain of potency for the ΔecdH scaffold, in line with prior results on deoxyechinocandin homologues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Dotson B, Churchwell MD. Physical compatibility of 4% sodium citrate with 23.4% sodium chloride, fluconazole, and micafungin. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2011; 68:377-8. [PMID: 21330676 DOI: 10.2146/ajhp100396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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11
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Rodriguez-Tudela JL, Gomez-Lopez A, Arendrup MC, Garcia-Effron G, Perlin DS, Lass-Flörl C, Cuenca-Estrella M. Comparison of caspofungin MICs by means of EUCAST method EDef 7.1 using two different concentrations of glucose. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 54:3056-7. [PMID: 20479199 PMCID: PMC2897297 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00597-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 05/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the product insert for Cancidas (caspofungin acetate), the drug must not be diluted in solutions containing glucose as this decreases caspofungin stability. The aim of this study was to compare caspofungin MICs for a collection of yeasts by means of EUCAST method EDef7.1 but using two different concentrations of glucose: 2% versus 0.2%. MICs were identical or within one 2-fold dilution for 93 out of 95 strains (97.9%), showing that glucose does not interfere with susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Luis Rodriguez-Tudela
- Servicio de Micología, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2, 28220 Majadahonda, Spain.
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Abstract
This Perspective chronicles the conceptual development, proof of principle, exploration of scope, mechanistic investigations, and applications in natural product total synthesis of palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of silicon derivatives. The explication of how this new class of cross-coupling reactions evolved from problem formulation to use in complex molecule synthesis serves as one goal of the essay. The other goal is the presentation of the various stages of this methodological enterprise such that the reader gleans a first hand look at one approach to the creation of new synthetic reactions. These two goals are woven together such that the underlying thought processes that guide a program of reaction development emerge in clear view and imbue the chemical tapestry with a cohesive logic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott E Denmark
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
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13
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Abstract
In view of the large libraries of nucleoside analogues that are now being handled in organic synthesis, the identification of drug biological activity is advisable prior to synthesis and this can be achieved by employing predictive biological property methods. In this sense, Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSAR) or docking approaches have emerged as promising tools. Although a large number of in silico approaches have been described in the literature for the prediction of different biological activities, the use of QSAR applications to develop adenosine receptor (AR) antagonists is not common as for the case of the antibiotics and anticancer compounds for instance. The intention of this review is to summarize the present knowledge concerning computational predictions of new molecules as adenosine receptor antagonists.
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14
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Abstract
The effects of protein binding on the activities of caspofungin, anidulafungin, and micafungin were evaluated against Candida and Aspergillus species. Adding human serum sharply increased the MICs of micafungin and anidulafungin and modestly affected the MIC of caspofungin. The increase in MICs does not appear consistent with the rate of protein binding for the three compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekaver Odabasi
- Marmara University, Tophanelioglu caddesi, No:13, 34662 Altunizade, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Han L, Zheng D, Huang XS, Yu SS, Liang XT. [Natural products in clinical trials: antibacterial and antifungal agents]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2007; 42:236-44. [PMID: 17520820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Natural products have played an important role in drug discovery. Today, therapeutics from natural origin count for about 70% of the worldwide human therapeutic sales. For anti-infective treatment even higher figures are reported. This review describes antibacterial and antifungal natural products, semi-synthetic natural products and natural product derived compounds undergoing clinical evaluation or registration from 1998 to end of 2005. In addition, natural product derived drugs launched since 1998 are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
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