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Saint-Martin DRF, Barreto KA, Soares EMKVK, Machado MS, Morais CSS, Barbosa AMB, Nogueira RM, D'Isabel S, Smith DL, Molina GE, Porto LGG. A 7-month multi-disciplinary healthy lifestyle intervention effectively improved cardiometabolic risk profile of firefighters. J Occup Environ Med 2024:00043764-990000000-00548. [PMID: 38603581 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000003116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the effect of a 7-month healthy lifestyle intervention on cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF) among male career military firefighters (FFs). METHODS 49 FFs participated in a 7-month workplace multi-disciplinary healthy lifestyle intervention designed to reduce CMRF through exercise, diet, and improved sleep. Medical assessments, accelerometry, and surveys at the beginning and end determined program effectiveness. RESULTS At the end of the intervention period, there was a significant improvement in measures of body composition and blood glucose. The prevalence of hypertension also decreased significantly (p < 0.01). The 57% of participants who fully adhered to the program had significantly greater improvements across multiple CMRF. Participants increased their physical activity and improved their diet following the intervention. CONCLUSION This healthy lifestyle intervention was effective in changing behavior and lowering cardiometabolic risk among FFs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - M S Machado
- Federal District Military Firefighter Brigade CBMDF, Brasilia-DF, Brazil
| | - C S S Morais
- Federal District Military Firefighter Brigade CBMDF, Brasilia-DF, Brazil
| | | | | | - S D'Isabel
- First Responder Health and Safety Lab, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs-NY, USA
| | - D L Smith
- First Responder Health and Safety Lab, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs-NY, USA
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Blanco MB, Smith DL, Greene LK, Yoder AD, Ehmke EE, Lin J, Klopfer PH. Telomere dynamics during hibernation in a tropical primate. J Comp Physiol B 2024; 194:213-219. [PMID: 38466418 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-024-01541-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Hibernation is a widespread metabolic strategy among mammals for surviving periods of food scarcity. During hibernation, animals naturally alternate between metabolically depressed torpor bouts and energetically expensive arousals without ill effects. As a result, hibernators are promising models for investigating mechanisms that buffer against cellular stress, including telomere protection and restoration. In non-hibernators, telomeres, the protective structural ends of chromosomes, shorten with age and metabolic stress. In temperate hibernators, however, telomere shortening and elongation can occur in response to changing environmental conditions and associated metabolic state. We investigate telomere dynamics in a tropical hibernating primate, the fat-tailed dwarf lemur (Cheirogaleus medius). In captivity, these lemurs can hibernate when maintained under cold temperatures (11-15 °C) with limited food provisioning. We study telomere dynamics in eight fat-tailed dwarf lemurs at the Duke Lemur Center, USA, from samples collected before, during, and after the hibernation season and assayed via qPCR. Contrary to our predictions, we found that telomeres were maintained or even lengthened during hibernation, but shortened immediately thereafter. During hibernation, telomere lengthening was negatively correlated with time in euthermia. Although preliminary in scope, our findings suggest that there may be a preemptive, compensatory mechanism to maintain telomere integrity in dwarf lemurs during hibernation. Nevertheless, telomere shortening immediately afterward may broadly result in similar outcomes across seasons. Future studies could profitably investigate the mechanisms that offset telomere shortening within and outside of the hibernation season and whether those mechanisms are modulated by energy surplus or crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Blanco
- Duke Lemur Center, Durham, NC, 27705, USA.
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
| | - D L Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - L K Greene
- Duke Lemur Center, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - A D Yoder
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - E E Ehmke
- Duke Lemur Center, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
| | - J Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - P H Klopfer
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
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3
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Westrick NM, Dominguez EG, Bondy M, Hull CM, Smith DL, Kabbage M. A single laccase acts as a key component of environmental sensing in a broad host range fungal pathogen. Commun Biol 2024; 7:348. [PMID: 38514801 PMCID: PMC10957995 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Secreted laccases are important enzymes on a broad ecological scale for their role in mediating plant-microbe interactions, but within ascomycete fungi these enzymes have been primarily associated with melanin biosynthesis. In this study, a putatively secreted laccase, Sslac2, was characterized from the broad-host-range plant pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, which is largely unpigmented and is not dependent on melanogenesis for plant infection. Gene knockouts of Sslac2 demonstrate wide ranging developmental phenotypes and are functionally non-pathogenic. These mutants also displayed indiscriminate growth behaviors and enhanced biomass formation, seemingly as a result of their inability to respond to canonical environmental growth cues, a phenomenon further confirmed through chemical stress, physiological, and transcriptomic analyses. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy demonstrate apparent differences in extracellular matrix structure between WT and mutant strains that likely explain the inability of the mutants to respond to their environment. Targeting Sslac2 using host-induced gene silencing significantly improved resistance to S. sclerotiorum, suggesting that fungal laccases could be a valuable target of disease control. Collectively, we identified a laccase critical to the development and virulence of the broad-host-range pathogen S. sclerotiorum and propose a potentially novel role for fungal laccases in modulating environmental sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel M Westrick
- Valley Laboratory, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, Windsor, CT, USA
| | - Eddie G Dominguez
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Madeline Bondy
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Christina M Hull
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Damon L Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mehdi Kabbage
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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4
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Batzer JC, Shirazi A, Lawson M, Mathew FM, Sureshbabu BM, Smith DL, Mueller DS. Impact of Foliar Fungicide Application on the Culturable Fungal Endophyte Community of Soybean Seed in the Midwest United States. Plant Dis 2024; 108:647-657. [PMID: 37729650 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-23-1122-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of our study was to determine whether the application of quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) and pyrazole-carboxamide fungicides as a tank mix would impact the endophyte community of soybean seed. Field trials during 2018 in Iowa, South Dakota, and Wisconsin, U.S.A., investigated the impact of a single combination fungicide spray at early pod set in soybeans. The composition of culturable endophytic fungi in mature soybean seed was assessed on three cultivars per state, with maturity groups (MGs) ranging from 1.1 to 4.7. An unusually wet 2018 season delayed harvest, which led to a high level of fungal growth in grain. The survey included 1,080 asymptomatic seeds that were disinfested and individually placed on 5-cm-diameter Petri plates of acidified water agar. The survey yielded 721 fungal isolates belonging to 24 putative species in seven genera; taxa were grouped into genera based on a combination of morphological and molecular evidence. The dominant genera encountered in the survey were Alternaria, Diaporthe, and Fusarium. The study showed that the fungicide treatment reduced the incidence of Fusarium in Wisconsin seed, increased the incidence of Diaporthe in seed from all states, and had no impact on the incidence of Alternaria. This is one of the first attempts to characterize the diversity of seed endophytes in soybean and the first to characterize the impacts of fungicide spraying on these endophyte communities across three states. Our study provides evidence that the impact of a fungicide spray on soybean seed endophyte communities may be influenced by site, weather, and cultivar maturity group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Carlson Batzer
- Plant Pathology and Microbiology Department, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Amin Shirazi
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Maia Lawson
- Plant Pathology and Microbiology Department, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Febina M Mathew
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
| | | | - Damon L Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Daren S Mueller
- Integrated Pest Management Program and Plant Pathology and Microbiology Department, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
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5
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Chibuogwu M, Groves C, Mueller B, Smith DL. Effects of fungicide application and corn hybrid class on the presence of Fusarium graminearum and the concentration of deoxynivalenol in ear and stalk parts of corn ( Zea mays) used for silage. Plant Dis 2024. [PMID: 38393756 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-23-2662-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
In Wisconsin, the use of brown midrib (BMR) corn (Zea mays) hybrids for ensiling and subsequent feeding to dairy cows is quite common. The overall milk production from cows fed silage from BMR hybrids is typically higher than those fed silage made from dual-purpose hybrids. Gibberella diseases (ear and stalk rot) caused by Gibberella zeae (anamorph; Fusarium graminearum) and the accompanying accumulation of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) can be significant issues during field production of BMR hybrids. The work presented here aimed to understand the role of hybrid class on the distribution of F. graminearum DNA and DON in ear and stalk parts of corn for silage. An ear and stalk partitioned sample experiment was conducted on silage corn from field trials in Arlington, Wisconsin, in 2020 and 2021. The trials were arranged in a randomized complete block design in both years, including one BMR hybrid, one dual-purpose hybrid, and seven fungicide application regimes. Paired ear and stalk samples were physically separated, dried, and ground at harvest before determining the concentration of F. graminearum DNA and DON in each sample. Across both years, main effects of hybrid, treatment, and plant part were not significant (P > 0.1) on DON concentration. However, the hybrid-by-plant part interaction effect was significant (P < 0.01). Ears of the BMR hybrid accumulated the most DON, while the dual-purpose hybrid ears had the lowest DON concentration. The concentrations of DON and F. graminearum DNA were significantly (P < 0.01) and highly correlated in the ear (r = 0.73) but not in the stalk (r = 0.09, P = 0.33). These findings suggest that DON accumulation in the corn ear is a major contributor in the difference observed in total DON between the hybrid classes. Therefore, growers and researchers are encouraged to focus production and breeding on hybrids in both classes that accumulate less DON in ears, resulting in lower total DON in corn chopped for silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell Chibuogwu
- University of Wisconsin, Plant Pathology, Madison, Wisconsin, United States;
| | - Carol Groves
- University of Wisconsin, Plant Pathology, 1630 Linden DR, 489 Russell Labs, Madison, Wisconsin, United States, 53706
- University of Wisconsin-Madison;
| | - Brian Mueller
- University of Wisconsin Madison, 5228, Plant Pathology, Madison, Wisconsin, United States;
| | - Damon L Smith
- University of Wisconsin, Plant Pathology, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin, United States, 53706;
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Bissonnette KM, Barizon J, Adee EA, Ames KA, Becker TM, Biggs M, Bradley C, Brown MT, Byamukama E, Chilvers MI, Faske TR, Harbach CJ, Jackson-Ziems TA, Kandel YR, Kleczewski NM, Koehler AM, Markell SG, Mueller DS, Sjarpe D, Smith DL, Telenko DEP, Tenuta A. Management of soybean cyst nematode and sudden death syndrome with nematode-protectant seed treatments across multiple environments in soybean. Plant Dis 2024. [PMID: 38199961 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-23-0292-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
As soybean (Glycine max) production continues to expand in the U.S. and Canada, so do pathogens and pests which directly threaten soybean yield potential and economic returns for farmers. One such pathogen is the soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines). SCN has traditionally been managed using SCN-resistant cultivars and rotation with non-host crops, but the interaction of SCN with sudden death syndrome (SDS; caused by Fusarium virguliforme) in the field makes management more difficult. Nematode-protectant seed treatments have become options for SCN and SDS management. The objectives of this study were to evaluate nematode-protectant seed treatments for their effects on: (i) early and full season SCN reproduction, (ii) foliar symptoms and root-rot caused by SDS, and (iii) soybean yield across environments accounting for the above factors. Using a standard protocol, field trials were implemented in 13 U.S. States and 1 Canadian Province from 2019 to 2021 constituting 51 site-years. Six nematode-protectant seed treatment products were compared to a fungicide + insecticide base treatment and a non-treated check. Initial (at soybean planting) and final (at soybean harvest) SCN egg populations were enumerated and SCN females were extracted from roots and counted at 30 to 35 days post-planting. Foliar disease index (FDX) and root rot caused by the SDS pathogen were evaluated, and yield data were collected for each plot. No seed treatment offered significant nematode control versus the non-treated check for in-season and full season nematode response, no matter the initial SCN population or FDX level. Of all treatments, ILEVO (fluopyram) and Saltro (pydiflumetofen) provided more consistent increases in yield over the non-treated check in a broader range of SCN environments, even when FDX level was high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn M Bissonnette
- Cotton Inc, 2296, Cary, North Carolina, United States
- University of Missouri, 14716, Division of Plant Science and Technology, Columbia, Missouri, United States;
| | - Jefferson Barizon
- University of Missouri, 14716, Division of Plant Science and Technology, Columbia, Missouri, United States;
| | - Eric A Adee
- Kansas State University, Kansas River Valley Experiment Field, Agronomy, 6347 NW 17th St., Topeka, Kansas, United States, 66618;
| | - Keith A Ames
- University of Illinois, Crop Sciences, Urbana, Illinois, United States;
| | - Talon M Becker
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 14589, Department of Crop Science, Urbana, Illinois, United States;
| | - Meghan Biggs
- University of Missouri, 14716, Division of Plant Science and Technology, Columbia, Missouri, United States;
| | - Carl Bradley
- University of Kentucky, Plant Pathology, UKREC, 1205 Hopkinsville St., PO Box 469, Princeton, Kentucky, United States, 42445;
| | - Mariama T Brown
- Purdue Univeristy, Botany and Plant Pathology, 3171 Pheasant Run Drive Apt 112, lafayette, Indiana, United States, 47909;
| | - Emmanuel Byamukama
- USDA, 1097, Division of Plant Systems-Protection, Washington, District of Columbia, United States;
| | - Martin I Chilvers
- Michigan State University, Plant Soil and Microbial Sciences, 578 Wilson Road, 104 CIPS bldg, East Lansing, Michigan, United States, 48824;
| | - Travis R Faske
- University of Arkansas, Department of Plant Pathology, Lonoke Extension Center, 2001 Hwy 70 E., Lonoke, Arkansas, United States, 72086;
| | - Chelsea J Harbach
- Iowa State University, 1177, Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Ames, Iowa, United States;
| | - Tamra A Jackson-Ziems
- Univ. of Nebraska, Dept. of Plant Pathology, 406 Plant Sciences Hall, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States, 68583
- 85056 506th AveEwing, Nebraska, United States, 68735;
| | - Yuba Raj Kandel
- Iowa State University , Plant Pathology and Microbiology, 351 Bessey Hall, Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States, 50011
- 2310 Mortensen PKWYUnit # 16Ames, Iowa, United States, 5014;
| | - Nathan Michael Kleczewski
- University of Illinois, Crop Sciences, 065 National Soybean Research Building, Champaign, United States, 61820;
| | - Alyssa M Koehler
- University of Delaware, 5972, Plant and Soil Sciences , 16483 County Seat Hwy, Georgetown, Delaware, United States, 19947;
| | - Samuel G Markell
- North Dakota State Universtiy, Plant Pathology, NDSU Dept 7660, Box 6050, Fargo, North Dakota, United States, 58108-6050;
| | - Daren S Mueller
- Iowa State University, Plant Pathology, 351 Bessey Hall, Ames, Iowa, United States, 50011;
| | - Daniel Sjarpe
- University of Missouri, 14716, Division of Plant Science and Technology, Columbia, Missouri, United States;
| | - Damon L Smith
- University of Wisconsin, Plant Pathology, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin, United States, 53706;
| | - Darcy E P Telenko
- Purdue Univeristy, Botany and Plant Pathology, 914 W. State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States, 47907;
| | - Albert Tenuta
- Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs, P.O. Box 400, 120 Main St. East, Ridgetown, Ontario, Canada, N0P2C0
- Canada;
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Webster RW, Nicolli C, Allen TW, Bish MD, Bissonnette K, Check JC, Chilvers MI, Duffeck MR, Kleczewski N, Luis JM, Mueller BD, Paul PA, Price PP, Robertson AE, Ross TJ, Schmidt C, Schmidt R, Schmidt T, Shim S, Telenko DEP, Wise K, Smith DL. Uncovering the environmental conditions required for Phyllachora maydis infection and tar spot development on corn in the United States for use as predictive models for future epidemics. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17064. [PMID: 37816924 PMCID: PMC10564858 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44338-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Phyllachora maydis is a fungal pathogen causing tar spot of corn (Zea mays L.), a new and emerging, yield-limiting disease in the United States. Since being first reported in Illinois and Indiana in 2015, P. maydis can now be found across much of the corn growing regions of the United States. Knowledge of the epidemiology of P. maydis is limited but could be useful in developing tar spot prediction tools. The research presented here aims to elucidate the environmental conditions necessary for the development of tar spot in the field and the creation of predictive models to anticipate future tar spot epidemics. Extended periods (30-day windowpanes) of moderate mean ambient temperature (18-23 °C) were most significant for explaining the development of tar spot. Shorter periods (14- to 21-day windowpanes) of moisture (relative humidity, dew point, number of hours with predicted leaf wetness) were negatively correlated with tar spot development. These weather variables were used to develop multiple logistic regression models, an ensembled model, and two machine learning models for the prediction of tar spot development. This work has improved the understanding of P. maydis epidemiology and provided the foundation for the development of a predictive tool for anticipating future tar spot epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Webster
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Camila Nicolli
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Tom W Allen
- Delta Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS, 38776, USA
| | - Mandy D Bish
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Bissonnette
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Jill C Check
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Martin I Chilvers
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Maíra R Duffeck
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
| | - Nathan Kleczewski
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jane Marian Luis
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
| | - Brian D Mueller
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Pierce A Paul
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
| | - Paul P Price
- Macon Ridge Research Station, LSU AgCenter, Winnsboro, LA, 71295, USA
| | - Alison E Robertson
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology, and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Tiffanna J Ross
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Clarice Schmidt
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology, and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Roger Schmidt
- Nutrient and Pest Management Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Teryl Schmidt
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Sujoung Shim
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Darcy E P Telenko
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Kiersten Wise
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Princeton, KY, 42445, USA
| | - Damon L Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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McCoy AG, Belanger RR, Bradley CA, Cerritos-Garcia DG, Garnica VC, Giesler LJ, Grijalba PE, Guillin E, Henriquez MA, Kim YM, Malvick DK, Matthiesen RL, Mideros SX, Noel ZA, Robertson AE, Roth MG, Schmidt CL, Smith DL, Sparks AH, Telenko DEP, Tremblay V, Wally O, Chilvers MI. A global-temporal analysis on Phytophthora sojae resistance-gene efficacy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6043. [PMID: 37758723 PMCID: PMC10533513 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41321-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant disease resistance genes are widely used in agriculture to reduce disease outbreaks and epidemics and ensure global food security. In soybean, Rps (Resistance to Phytophthora sojae) genes are used to manage Phytophthora sojae, a major oomycete pathogen that causes Phytophthora stem and root rot (PRR) worldwide. This study aims to identify temporal changes in P. sojae pathotype complexity, diversity, and Rps gene efficacy. Pathotype data was collected from 5121 isolates of P. sojae, derived from 29 surveys conducted between 1990 and 2019 across the United States, Argentina, Canada, and China. This systematic review shows a loss of efficacy of specific Rps genes utilized for disease management and a significant increase in the pathotype diversity of isolates over time. This study finds that the most widely deployed Rps genes used to manage PRR globally, Rps1a, Rps1c and Rps1k, are no longer effective for PRR management in the United States, Argentina, and Canada. This systematic review emphasizes the need to widely introduce new sources of resistance to P. sojae, such as Rps3a, Rps6, or Rps11, into commercial cultivars to effectively manage PRR going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eduardo Guillin
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Yong Min Kim
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Adam H Sparks
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Perth, WA, Australia
- University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Qld, Australia
| | | | | | - Owen Wally
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Harrow, ON, Canada
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9
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Cedillo YE, Kelly T, Davis E, Durham L, Smith DL, Kennedy RE, Fernández JR. Evaluation of food security status, psychological well-being, and stress on BMI and diet-related behaviors among a sample of college students. Public Health 2023; 224:32-40. [PMID: 37708714 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate food insecurity on body mass index (BMI) and diet-related behaviors among college students and whether psychological well-being (PWB) and stress levels mediate this relationship. STUDY DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study. METHODS Data from 1439 students from the American College Health Association National College Health Assessment III (Fall 2020) were used. Food security status was evaluated by the USDA Six-Item Short Form. PWB was measured using the Diener Flourishing Scale. Diet-related behaviors included the average servings of fruits, vegetables, and sugar-sweetened beverages consumed per day. Stress was measured by self-reported levels. Regression model analysis evaluated the influence of food security status, PWB, and stress levels on BMI. PWB and stress were also tested as mediators in the relationship between food insecurity and BMI. RESULTS Among our sample of college students, 44.54% (n = 641) were food insecure, and 55.46% (n = 798) were food secure. Multiple regression analysis showed that higher food insecurity, older age, full-time enrollment status, and fifth-year student status were positively associated with a higher BMI score (P < 0.05). Results from mediation models revealed that PWB, but not stress, mediated the relationship between food security and BMI among Black/African American students. Regarding diet-related behaviors, high stress levels mediated the relationship between food insecurity and sugar-sweetened beverage intake among students. CONCLUSIONS Food insecurity appears to influence BMI in college students. This relationship seems to be mediated by disrupted PWB and a higher intake of sugar-sweetened beverages due to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y E Cedillo
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Webb Building, 1675 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294-3360, USA.
| | - T Kelly
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Webb Building, 1675 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294-3360, USA
| | - E Davis
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Webb Building, 1675 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294-3360, USA
| | - L Durham
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Webb Building, 1675 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294-3360, USA
| | - D L Smith
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Webb Building, 1675 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294-3360, USA
| | - R E Kennedy
- Assistant Vice President for Student Health and Wellbeing, Division of Student Affairs, Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - J R Fernández
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Webb Building, 1675 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294-3360, USA
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10
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Panca M, Blackstone J, Stirrup O, Cutino-Moguel MT, Thomson E, Peters C, Snell LB, Nebbia G, Holmes A, Chawla A, Machin N, Taha Y, Mahungu T, Saluja T, de Silva TI, Saeed K, Pope C, Shin GY, Williams R, Darby A, Smith DL, Loose M, Robson SC, Laing K, Partridge DG, Price JR, Breuer J. Evaluating the cost implications of integrating SARS-CoV-2 genome sequencing for infection prevention and control investigation of nosocomial transmission within hospitals. J Hosp Infect 2023; 139:23-32. [PMID: 37308063 PMCID: PMC10257337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COG-UK hospital-onset COVID-19 infection (HOCI) trial evaluated the impact of SARS-CoV-2 whole-genome sequencing (WGS) on acute infection, prevention, and control (IPC) investigation of nosocomial transmission within hospitals. AIM To estimate the cost implications of using the information from the sequencing reporting tool (SRT), used to determine likelihood of nosocomial infection in IPC practice. METHODS A micro-costing approach for SARS-CoV-2 WGS was conducted. Data on IPC management resource use and costs were collected from interviews with IPC teams from 14 participating sites and used to assign cost estimates for IPC activities as collected in the trial. Activities included IPC-specific actions following a suspicion of healthcare-associated infection (HAI) or outbreak, as well as changes to practice following the return of data via SRT. FINDINGS The mean per-sample costs of SARS-CoV-2 sequencing were estimated at £77.10 for rapid and £66.94 for longer turnaround phases. Over the three-month interventional phases, the total management costs of IPC-defined HAIs and outbreak events across the sites were estimated at £225,070 and £416,447, respectively. The main cost drivers were bed-days lost due to ward closures because of outbreaks, followed by outbreak meetings and bed-days lost due to cohorting contacts. Actioning SRTs, the cost of HAIs increased by £5,178 due to unidentified cases and the cost of outbreaks decreased by £11,246 as SRTs excluded hospital outbreaks. CONCLUSION Although SARS-CoV-2 WGS adds to the total IPC management cost, additional information provided could balance out the additional cost, depending on identified design improvements and effective deployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Panca
- Comprehensive Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, UCL, London, UK.
| | - J Blackstone
- Comprehensive Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, UCL, London, UK
| | - O Stirrup
- Institute for Global Health, UCL, London, UK
| | | | - E Thomson
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - C Peters
- NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - L B Snell
- Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - G Nebbia
- Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A Holmes
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - A Chawla
- Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - N Machin
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Y Taha
- Departments of Virology and Infectious Diseases, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK
| | - T Mahungu
- Royal Free NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - T Saluja
- Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, UK
| | - T I de Silva
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - K Saeed
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - C Pope
- St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - G Y Shin
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - R Williams
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, UK
| | - A Darby
- Centre for Genomic Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - D L Smith
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK
| | - M Loose
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - S C Robson
- Centre for Enzyme Innovation & School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - K Laing
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - D G Partridge
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - J R Price
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - J Breuer
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, UK
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11
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Webster RW, Mueller BD, Conley SP, Smith DL. Integration of Soybean ( Glycine max) Resistance Levels to Sclerotinia Stem Rot into Predictive Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Apothecial Models. Plant Dis 2023; 107:2763-2768. [PMID: 36724034 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-22-2875-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) is a major disease of soybean across the Upper Midwest region of the United States. Management of this disease has relied on fungicide applications, but due to the environmental conditions necessary for SSR to develop, many of these applications are unnecessary. To mitigate this, predictive models have been developed using localized weather data for predicting the formation of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum apothecia, the inoculum source of SSR, and these models were integrated into a decision support system called Sporecaster. However, these models do not account for the soybean resistance levels to SSR. In this study, fungicide trials were performed across seven site-years in Wisconsin between 2020 and 2022 examining fungicide applications applied at one of three action thresholds (low, moderate, and high) following Sporecaster recommendations in combination with four soybean varieties representing three SSR resistance levels (susceptible, moderately resistant, and resistant). From these trials, the low and moderate action thresholds resulted in similarly low disease severity index (DIX) levels comparable to the standard across all varieties. However, the low action threshold was most accurate for predicting SSR development in the susceptible variety, and the high action threshold was most accurate for predicting SSR development for the three resistant varieties. Both the susceptible soybean and a moderately resistant line yielded similarly high results. Additionally, the use of all fungicide applications led to similar partial profits at grain sale prices of either $0.44 or $0.55 kg-1. Overall, this study uncovered relationships between soybean resistance levels to SSR and Sporecaster, allowing for improved recommendations for fungicide applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Webster
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Brian D Mueller
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Shawn P Conley
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Damon L Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
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12
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Nieto-Lopez EH, Miorini TJJ, Wulkop-Gil CA, I Chilvers M, Giesler LJ, Jackson-Ziems TA, Kabbage M, Mueller DS, Smith DL, Tovar-Pedraza JM, Willbur JF, Everhart SE. Fungicide Sensitivity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from U.S. Soybean and Dry Bean, Compared to Different Regions and Climates. Plant Dis 2023; 107:2395-2406. [PMID: 36691269 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-22-1707-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fungicide use is integral to reduce yield loss from Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on dry bean and soybean. Increasing fungicide use against this fungus may lead to resistance to the most common fungicides. Resistance has been reported in Brazil (Glycine max) and China (Brassica napus subsp. napus), however, few studies have investigated fungicide sensitivity of S. sclerotiorum in the United States. This work was conducted to determine if there was a difference in fungicide sensitivity of S. sclerotiorum isolates in the United States from: (i) dry bean versus soybean and (ii) fields with different frequencies of fungicide application. We further hypothesized that isolates with fungicide applications of a single active ingredient from tropical Brazil and subtropical Mexico were less sensitive than temperate U.S. isolates due to different management practices and climates. The EC50(D) fungicide sensitivity of 512 S. sclerotiorum isolates from the United States (443), Brazil (36), and Mexico (33) was determined using a discriminatory concentration (DC) previously identified for tetraconazole (2.0 ppm; EC50(D) range of 0.197 to 2.27 ppm), boscalid (0.2; 0.042 to 0.222), picoxystrobin (0.01; 0.006 to 0.027), and thiophanate-methyl, which had a qualitative DC of 10 ppm. Among the 10 least sensitive isolates to boscalid and picoxystrobin, 2 presented mutations known to confer resistance in the SdhB (qualitative) and SdhC (quantitative) genes; however, no strong resistance was found. This study established novel DCs that can be used for further resistance monitoring and baseline sensitivity of S. sclerotiorum to tetraconazole worldwide plus baseline sensitivity to boscalid in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar H Nieto-Lopez
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, U.S.A
| | | | - Cristian A Wulkop-Gil
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, U.S.A
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, U.S.A
| | - Martin I Chilvers
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - Loren J Giesler
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, U.S.A
| | | | - Mehdi Kabbage
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A
| | - Daren S Mueller
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
| | - Damon L Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A
| | - Juan Manuel Tovar-Pedraza
- Coordinación Regional Culiacán, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Culiacán, Sinaloa 80110, Mexico
| | - Jaime F Willbur
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A
| | - Sydney E Everhart
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, U.S.A
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-4067, U.S.A
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13
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Kandel YR, Lawson MN, Brown MT, Chilvers MI, Kleczewski NM, Telenko DEP, Tenuta AU, Smith DL, Mueller DS. Field and Greenhouse Assessment of Seed Treatment Fungicides for Management of Sudden Death Syndrome and Yield Response of Soybean. Plant Dis 2023; 107:1131-1138. [PMID: 36190301 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-22-0527-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Seed treatments for the management of sudden death syndrome (SDS) caused by Fusarium virguliforme are available in the United States and Canada; however, side-by-side comparisons of these seed treatments are lacking. Sixteen field experiments were established in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, and Wisconsin, United States, and Ontario, Canada, in 2019 and 2020 to evaluate seed treatment combinations. Treatments included a nontreated check (NTC), fungicide and insecticide base seed treatments (base), fluopyram, base + fluopyram, base + saponin extracts from Chenopodium quinoa, base + fluopyram + heat-killed Burkholderia rinojenses, base + pydiflumetofen, base + thiabendazole + heat-killed B. rinojenses, and base + thiabendazole + C. quinoa extracts + heat-killed B. rinojenses. Treatments were tested on SDS moderately resistant and susceptible soybean cultivars at each location. Overall, NTC and base had the most root rot, most foliar disease index (FDX), and lowest yield. Base + fluopyram and base + pydiflumetofen were most effective for managing SDS. Moderately resistant cultivars reduced FDX in both years but visual root rot was greater on the moderately resistant than the susceptible cultivars in 2020. Yield response to cultivar was also inconsistent between the 2 years. In 2020, the susceptible cultivar provided significantly more yield than the moderately resistant cultivar. Treatment effect for root rot and FDX was similar in field and greenhouse evaluations. These results reinforce the need to include root rot evaluations in addition to foliar disease evaluations in the breeding process for resistance to F. virguliforme and highlights the importance of an integrated SDS management plan because not a single management tactic alone provides adequate control of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuba R Kandel
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
| | - Maia N Lawson
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
| | - Mariama T Brown
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, U.S.A
| | - Martin I Chilvers
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - Nathan M Kleczewski
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, U.S.A
| | - Darcy E P Telenko
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, U.S.A
| | - Albert U Tenuta
- Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, Ontario N0P2C0, Canada
| | - Damon L Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A
| | - Daren S Mueller
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
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14
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Westrick NM, Park SC, Keller NP, Smith DL, Kabbage M. A broadly conserved fungal alcohol oxidase (AOX) facilitates fungal invasion of plants. Mol Plant Pathol 2023; 24:28-43. [PMID: 36251755 PMCID: PMC9742500 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol oxidases (AOXs) are ecologically important enzymes that facilitate a number of plant-fungal interactions. Within Ascomycota they are primarily associated with methylotrophy, as a peroxisomal AOX catalysing the conversion of methanol to formaldehyde in methylotrophic yeast. In this study we demonstrate that AOX orthologues are phylogenetically conserved proteins that are common in the genomes of nonmethylotrophic, plant-associating fungi. Additionally, AOX orthologues are highly expressed during infection in a range of diverse pathosystems. To study the role of AOX in plant colonization, AOX knockout mutants were generated in the broad host range pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Disease assays in soybean showed that these mutants had a significant virulence defect as evidenced by markedly reduced stem lesions and mortality rates. Chemical genomics suggested that SsAOX may function as an aromatic AOX, and growth assays demonstrated that ΔSsAOX is incapable of properly utilizing plant extract as a nutrient source. Profiling of known aromatic alcohols pointed towards the monolignol coniferyl alcohol (CA) as a possible substrate for SsAOX. As CA and other monolignols are ubiquitous among land plants, the presence of highly conserved AOX orthologues throughout Ascomycota implies that this is a broadly conserved protein used by ascomycete fungi during plant colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel M. Westrick
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- United States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research ServiceMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Sung Chul Park
- Department of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Nancy P. Keller
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Damon L. Smith
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Mehdi Kabbage
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
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15
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Elmore MG, Groves CL, Hajimorad MR, Stewart TP, Gaskill MA, Wise KA, Sikora E, Kleczewski NM, Smith DL, Mueller DS, Whitham SA. Detection and discovery of plant viruses in soybean by metagenomic sequencing. Virol J 2022; 19:149. [PMID: 36100874 PMCID: PMC9472442 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01872-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viruses negatively impact soybean production by causing diseases that affect yield and seed quality. Newly emerging or re-emerging viruses can also threaten soybean production because current control measures may not be effective against them. Furthermore, detection and characterization of new plant viruses requires major efforts when no sequence or antibody-based resources are available. METHODS In this study, soybean fields were scouted for virus-like disease symptoms during the 2016-2019 growing seasons. Total RNA was extracted from symptomatic soybean parts, cDNA libraries were prepared, and RNA sequencing was performed using high-throughput sequencing (HTS). A custom bioinformatic workflow was used to identify and assemble known and unknown virus genomes. RESULTS Several viruses were identified in single or mixed infections. Full- or nearly full-length genomes were generated for tobacco streak virus (TSV), alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV), soybean dwarf virus (SbDV), bean pod mottle virus (BPMV), soybean vein necrosis virus (SVNV), clover yellow vein virus (ClYVV), and a novel virus named soybean ilarvirus 1 (SIlV1). Two distinct ClYVV isolates were recovered, and their biological properties were investigated in Nicotiana benthamiana, broad bean, and soybean. In addition to infections by individual viruses, we also found that mixed viral infections in various combinations were quite common. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the results of this study showed that HTS-based technology is a valuable diagnostic tool for the identification of several viruses in field-grown soybean and can provide rapid information about expected viruses as well as viruses that were previously not detected in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjula G Elmore
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology, and Microbiology, Iowa State University, 2213 Pammel Drive, Ames, IA, 50011-1101, USA.
| | - Carol L Groves
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - M R Hajimorad
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Tracey P Stewart
- Roy J. Carver High Resolution Microscopy Facility, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Mikaela A Gaskill
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology, and Microbiology, Iowa State University, 2213 Pammel Drive, Ames, IA, 50011-1101, USA
| | - Kiersten A Wise
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Princeton, KY, 43445, USA
| | - Edward Sikora
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | | | - Damon L Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Daren S Mueller
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology, and Microbiology, Iowa State University, 2213 Pammel Drive, Ames, IA, 50011-1101, USA
| | - Steven A Whitham
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology, and Microbiology, Iowa State University, 2213 Pammel Drive, Ames, IA, 50011-1101, USA.
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16
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Webster RW, Roth MG, Mueller BD, Mueller DS, Chilvers MI, Willbur JF, Mourtzinis S, Conley SP, Smith DL. Integration of Row Spacing, Seeding Rates, and Fungicide Applications for Control of Sclerotinia Stem Rot in Glycine max. Plant Dis 2022; 106:1183-1191. [PMID: 34813712 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-21-1931-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) farmers in the Upper Midwest region of the United States often experience severe yield losses due to Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR). Previous studies have revealed benefits of individual management practices for SSR. This study examined the integration of multiple control practices on the development of SSR, yield, and the economic implications of these practices. Combinations of row spacings, seeding rates, and fungicide applications were examined in multisite field trials across the Upper Midwest from 2017 to 2019. These trials revealed that wide row spacing and low seeding rates individually reduced SSR levels but also reduced yields. Yields were similar across the three highest seeding rates examined. However, site-years where SSR developed showed the highest partial profits at the intermediate seeding rates. This finding indicates that partial profits in diseased fields were reduced by high seeding rates, but this trend was not observed when SSR did not develop. Fungicides strongly reduced the development of SSR while also increasing yields. However, there was a reduction in partial profits due to their use at a low soybean sale price, but at higher sale prices fungicide use was similar to not treating. Additionally, the production of new inoculum was predicted from disease incidence, serving as an indicator of increased risk for SSR development in future years. Overall, this study suggests using wide rows and low seeding rates in fields with a history of SSR while reserving narrow rows and higher seeding rates for fields without a history of SSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Webster
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Mitchell G Roth
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691
| | - Brian D Mueller
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Daren S Mueller
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Martin I Chilvers
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Jaime F Willbur
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | | | - Shawn P Conley
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Damon L Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
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17
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Reed H, Mueller B, Groves CL, Smith DL. Presence and Correlation of Fusarium graminearum and Deoxynivalenol Accumulation in Silage Corn Plant Parts. Plant Dis 2022; 106:87-92. [PMID: 34491093 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-21-0641-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Corn silage, made from Zea mays, is a high-energy feed that is important for feeding dairy cows. Plant diseases, such as those caused by Fusarium graminearum, can decrease silage corn yields and quality. F. graminearum (teleomorph Gibberella zeae) is an ascomycete fungus that causes Gibberella ear and stalk rot in corn. F. graminearum produces deoxynivalenol (DON), a secondary metabolite toxic to humans and animals. An understanding of the distribution of DON and F. graminearum throughout the corn plant is important for determining the quality of corn silage. A partitioned sample experiment that included two brown midrib silage hybrids and three fungicide treatments was conducted in research plots located in Arlington, WI, U.S.A., in 2018 and 2019. At harvest, stalk and ear parts were physically separated, dried, and ground for analysis. DON concentration (in parts per million) was determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and F. graminearum DNA concentration (in picograms per nanogram) was determined using quantitative PCR. DON and F. graminearum DNA were detected in all samples, demonstrating accumulation of the fungus in stalks and ears of the plant. In 2018, DON contamination was as high as 30 ppm and varied drastically between stalks and ears. In 2019, DON concentrations were much lower (<5 ppm), but were consistently higher in stalk samples than ear samples. Across all samples, DON concentrations and F. graminearum accumulation were highly correlated within the separated stalk (r = 0.78) and ear portions (r = 0.87) but were not correlated between ears and stalks. Depending on the weather and planting conditions in a given year, stalk infections or ear infections may occur by F. graminearum, leading to subsequent DON increases in those respective parts that are independent of each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Reed
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Brian Mueller
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Carol L Groves
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Damon L Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
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18
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Mueller B, Groves CL, Smith DL. Chemotype and Aggressiveness Evaluation of Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum Isolates from Wheat Fields in Wisconsin. Plant Dis 2021; 105:3686-3693. [PMID: 33487016 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-20-1376-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum commonly causes Fusarium head blight on wheat, barley, rice, and oats. F. graminearum produces nivalenol (NIV) and deoxynivalenol (DON) and forms derivatives of DON based on its acetylation sites. The fungus is profiled into chemotypes based on DON derivative chemotypes (3 acetyldeoxynivalenol [3ADON] chemotype; 15 acetyldeoxynivalenol [15ADON] chemotype), and/or the NIV chemotype. This study assessed the Fusarium population found on wheat and the chemotype profile of the isolates collected from 2016 and 2017 in Wisconsin. F. graminearum was isolated from all locations sampled in both 2016 and 2017. Fusarium culmorum was isolated only from Door County in 2016. Over both growing seasons, 91% of isolates were identified as the 15ADON chemotype, while 9% of isolates were identified as the 3ADON chemotype. Aggressiveness was quantified by area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). The isolates with the highest AUDPC values were from the highest wheat-producing cropping districts in the state. Deoxynivalenol production in grain and sporulation and growth rate in vitro were compared with aggressiveness in the greenhouse. Our results showed that 3ADON isolates in Wisconsin were among the highest in sporulation capacity, growth rate, and DON production in grain. However, there were no significant differences in aggressiveness between the 3ADON and 15ADON isolates. The results of this research detail the baseline frequency and distribution of 3ADON and 15ADON chemotypes observed in Wisconsin. Chemotype distributions within populations of F. graminearum in Wisconsin should continue to be monitored in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Mueller
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Carol L Groves
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Damon L Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
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19
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Baetsen-Young AM, Araldi Da Silva G, Kandel YR, Jacobs JL, Byrne AM, Mueller DS, Smith DL, Tenuta AU, Wise KA, Day B, Chilvers MI. Influence of Fusarium virguliforme Temporal Colonization of Corn, Tillage, and Residue Management on Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome and Soybean Yield. Plant Dis 2021; 105:3250-3260. [PMID: 33406860 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-20-1964-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The asymptomatic host range of Fusarium virguliforme includes corn, a common crop rotated with soybean that we hypothesize may alter F. virguliforme population dynamics and disease management. A field-based approach explored the temporal dynamics of F. virguliforme colonization of corn and soybean roots under different tillage and residue managements. Experiments were conducted in Iowa, Indiana, Michigan, and Wisconsin, United States and Ontario, Canada from 2016 to 2018. Corn and soybean roots were sampled at consecutive timepoints between 1 and 16 weeks after planting. DNA was extracted from all roots and analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR for F. virguliforme quantification. Trials were rotated between corn and soybean, containing a two-by-two factorial of tillage (no-tilled or tilled) and corn residue (with or without) in several experimental designs. In 2016, low amounts (approximately 100 fg per 10 mg of root tissue) of F. virguliforme were detected in the inoculated Iowa, Indiana, and Michigan locations and noninoculated Wisconsin corn fields. However, in 2017, greater levels of F. virguliforme DNA were detected in Iowa, Indiana, and Michigan across sampling timepoints. Tillage practices showed inconsistent effects on F. virguliforme root colonization and sudden death syndrome (SDS) foliar symptoms among trials and locations. However, residue management did not alter root colonization of corn or soybean by F. virguliforme. Plots with corn residue had greater SDS foliar disease index in Iowa in 2016. However, this trend was not observed across the site-years, indicating that corn residue may occasionally increase SDS foliar symptoms depending on the disease level and soil and weather factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Baetsen-Young
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | | | - Yuba R Kandel
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
| | - Janette L Jacobs
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
| | - Adam M Byrne
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
| | - Daren S Mueller
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
| | - Damon L Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A
| | - Albert U Tenuta
- Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N0P2C0, Canada
| | - Kiersten A Wise
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky Research and Education Center, Princeton, KY 43445, U.S.A
| | - Brad Day
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - Martin I Chilvers
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
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20
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Webster RW, Roth MG, Reed H, Mueller B, Groves CL, McCaghey M, Chilvers MI, Mueller DS, Kabbage M, Smith DL. Identification of Soybean ( Glycine max) Check Lines for Evaluating Genetic Resistance to Sclerotinia Stem Rot. Plant Dis 2021; 105:2189-2195. [PMID: 33231521 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-20-2193-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Soybean production in the upper midwestern United States is affected by Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) caused by the fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Genetic resistance is an important management strategy for this disease; however, assessing genetic resistance to S. sclerotiorum is challenging because a standardized method of examining resistance across genotypes is lacking. Using a panel of nine diverse S. sclerotiorum isolates, four soybean lines were assessed for reproducible responses to S. sclerotiorum infection. Significant differences in SSR severity were found across isolates (P < 0.01) and soybean lines (P < 0.01), including one susceptible, two moderately resistant, and one highly resistant line. These four validated lines were used to screen 11 other soybean genotypes to evaluate their resistance levels, and significant differences were found across genotypes (P < 0.01). Among these 11 genotypes, five commercial and public cultivars displayed high resistance and were assessed during field studies across the upper midwestern United States growing region to determine their response to SSR and yield. These five cultivars resulted in low disease levels (P < 0.01) in the field that were consistent with greenhouse experiment results. The yields were significantly different in fields with disease present (P < 0.01) and disease absent (P < 0.01), and the order of cultivar performance was consistent between environments where disease was present or absent, suggesting that resistance prevented yield loss to disease. This study suggests that the use of a soybean check panel can accurately assess SSR resistance in soybean germplasm and aid in breeding and commercial soybean development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Webster
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Mitchell G Roth
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Hannah Reed
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Brian Mueller
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Carol L Groves
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Megan McCaghey
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Martin I Chilvers
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Daren S Mueller
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Mehdi Kabbage
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Damon L Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
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21
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Abstract
Plant diseases caused by necrotrophic fungal pathogens result in large economic losses in field crop production worldwide. Effectors are important players of plant-pathogen interaction and deployed by pathogens to facilitate plant colonization and nutrient acquisition. Compared to biotrophic and hemibiotrophic fungal pathogens, effector biology is poorly understood for necrotrophic fungal pathogens. Recent bioinformatics advances have accelerated the prediction and discovery of effectors from necrotrophic fungi, and their functional context is currently being clarified. In this review we examine effectors utilized by necrotrophic fungi and hemibiotrophic fungi in the latter stages of disease development, including plant cell death manipulation. We define "effectors" as secreted proteins and other molecules that affect plant physiology in ways that contribute to disease establishment and progression. Studying and understanding the mechanisms of necrotrophic effectors is critical for identifying avenues of genetic intervention that could lead to improved resistance to these pathogens in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mitchell G. Roth
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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22
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Petrović K, Skaltsas D, Castlebury LA, Kontz B, Allen TW, Chilvers MI, Gregory N, Kelly HM, Koehler AM, Kleczewski NM, Mueller DS, Price PP, Smith DL, Mathew FM. Diaporthe Seed Decay of Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] Is Endemic in the United States, But New Fungi Are Involved. Plant Dis 2021; 105:1621-1629. [PMID: 33231523 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-20-0604-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Diaporthe seed decay can compromise seed quality in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in the warm and humid production areas of the United States during crop maturation. In the current study, 45 isolates of Diaporthe were recovered from seed sampled from soybean fields affected by Diaporthe-associated diseases in eight U.S. states in 2017. The isolates obtained belonged to 10 species of Diaporthe based on morphology and phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer, partial translation elongation factor 1-α, and β-tubulin gene sequences. The associated species included D. aspalathi, D. caulivora, D. kongii, D. longicolla, D. sojae, D. ueckerae, D. unshiuensis, and three novel fungi, D. bacilloides, D. flavescens, and D. insulistroma. One isolate each of the 10 species was examined for pathogenicity on seed of cultivar Sava under controlled conditions. Seven days postinoculation, significant differences in the percentages of decayed seeds and seedling necrosis were observed among the isolates and the noninoculated control (P < 0.0001). While the isolates of D. bacilloides, D. longicolla, and D. ueckerae caused a significantly greater percentage of decayed seeds (P < 0.0001), the isolate of D. aspalathi caused the greatest seedling necrosis (P < 0.0001). The observation of new fungi causing Diaporthe seed decay suggests the need for a more comprehensive survey in U.S. soybean producing areas since members of the genus Diaporthe appear to form a complex that causes seed decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Petrović
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, U.S.A
- Department of Soybean, Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
| | - Demetra Skaltsas
- Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, U.S.A
| | - Lisa A Castlebury
- Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, U.S.A
| | - Brian Kontz
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, U.S.A
| | - Tom W Allen
- Delta Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS 38776, U.S.A
| | - Martin I Chilvers
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - Nancy Gregory
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, U.S.A
| | - Heather M Kelly
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, U.S.A
| | - Alyssa M Koehler
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Georgetown, DE 19947, U.S.A
| | - Nathan M Kleczewski
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61820, U.S.A
| | - Daren S Mueller
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
| | - Paul P Price
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Winnsboro, LA 71295, U.S.A
| | - Damon L Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A
| | - Febina M Mathew
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, U.S.A
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23
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Kandel YR, Hunt C, Ames K, Arneson N, Bradley CA, Byamukama E, Byrne A, Chilvers MI, Giesler LJ, Halvorson J, Hooker DC, Kleczewski NM, Malvick DK, Markell S, Potter B, Pedersen W, Smith DL, Tenuta AU, Telenko DEP, Wise KA, Mueller DS. Meta-Analysis of Soybean Yield Response to Foliar Fungicides Evaluated from 2005 to 2018 in the United States and Canada. Plant Dis 2021; 105:1382-1389. [PMID: 33245257 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-20-1578-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Random-effect meta-analyses were performed on data from 240 field trials conducted between 2005 and 2018 across nine U.S. states and Ontario, Canada, to quantify the yield response of soybean after application of foliar fungicides at beginning pod (R3) stage. Meta-analysis showed that the overall mean yield response when fungicide was used compared with not applying a fungicide was 2.7% (110 kg/ha). Moderator variables were also investigated and included fungicide group, growing season, planting date, and base yield, which all significantly influenced the yield response. There was also evidence that precipitation from the time of planting to the R3 growth stage influenced yield when fungicide was used (P = 0.059). Fungicides containing a premix of active ingredients from multiple groups (either two or three ingredients) increased the yield by 3.0% over not applying a fungicide. The highest and lowest yield responses were observed in 2005 and 2007, respectively. Better yield response to fungicides (a 3.0% increase) occurred when soybean crops were planted not later than 21 May and when total precipitation between planting and the R3 application date was above historic averages. Temperatures during the season did not influence the yield response. Yield response to fungicide was higher (a 4.7% increase) in average yield category (no spray control yield 2,878 to 3,758 kg/ha) and then gradually decreased with increasing base yield. Partial economic analyses indicated that use of foliar fungicides is less likely to be profitable when foliar diseases are absent or at low levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuba R Kandel
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
| | - Cathi Hunt
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
| | - Keith Ames
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, U.S.A
| | - Nicholas Arneson
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A
| | - Carl A Bradley
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky Research and Education Center, Princeton, KY 42445, U.S.A
| | - Emmanuel Byamukama
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, U.S.A
| | - Adam Byrne
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - Martin I Chilvers
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - Loren J Giesler
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, U.S.A
| | - Jessica Halvorson
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, U.S.A
| | - David C Hooker
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus, Ridgetown, ON N0P 2C0, Canada
| | - Nathan M Kleczewski
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, U.S.A
| | | | - Samuel Markell
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, U.S.A
| | - Bruce Potter
- University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, U.S.A
| | - Wayne Pedersen
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, U.S.A
| | - Damon L Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A
| | - Albert U Tenuta
- Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada
| | - Darcy E P Telenko
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, U.S.A
| | - Kiersten A Wise
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky Research and Education Center, Princeton, KY 42445, U.S.A
| | - Daren S Mueller
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
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24
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McCaghey M, Shao D, Kurcezewski J, Lindstrom A, Ranjan A, Whitham SA, Conley SP, Williams B, Smith DL, Kabbage M. Host-Induced Gene Silencing of a Sclerotinia sclerotiorum oxaloacetate acetylhydrolase Using Bean Pod Mottle Virus as a Vehicle Reduces Disease on Soybean. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:677631. [PMID: 34354721 PMCID: PMC8329588 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.677631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A lack of complete resistance in the current germplasm complicates the management of Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soybean. In this study, we used bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) as a vehicle to down-regulate expression of a key enzyme in the production of an important virulence factor in S. sclerotiorum, oxalic acid (OA). Specifically, we targeted a gene encoding oxaloacetate acetylhydrolase (Ssoah1), because Ssoah1 deletion mutants are OA deficient and non-pathogenic on soybean. We first established that S. sclerotiorum can uptake environmental RNAs by monitoring the translocation of Cy3-labeled double-stranded and small interfering RNA (ds/siRNAs) into fungal hyphae using fluorescent confocal microscopy. This translocation led to a significant decrease in Ssoah1 transcript levels in vitro. Inoculation of soybean plants with BPMV vectors targeting Ssoah1 (pBPMV-OA) also led to decreased expression of Ssoah1. Importantly, pBPMV-OA inoculated plants showed enhanced resistance to S. sclerotiorum compared to empty-vector control plants. Our combined results provide evidence supporting the use of HIGS and exogenous applications of ds/siRNAs targeting virulence factors such as OA as viable strategies for the control of SSR in soybean and as discovery tools that can be used to identify previously unknown virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan McCaghey
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Dandan Shao
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jake Kurcezewski
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Ally Lindstrom
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Ashish Ranjan
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Steven A. Whitham
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Shawn P. Conley
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Brett Williams
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Damon L. Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Damon L. Smith
| | - Mehdi Kabbage
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- *Correspondence: Mehdi Kabbage
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25
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Westrick NM, Smith DL, Kabbage M. Disarming the Host: Detoxification of Plant Defense Compounds During Fungal Necrotrophy. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:651716. [PMID: 33995447 PMCID: PMC8120277 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.651716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
While fungal biotrophs are dependent on successfully suppressing/subverting host defenses during their interaction with live cells, necrotrophs, due to their lifestyle are often confronted with a suite of toxic metabolites. These include an assortment of plant defense compounds (PDCs) which can demonstrate broad antifungal activity. These PDCs can be either constitutively present in plant tissue or induced in response to infection, but are nevertheless an important obstacle which needs to be overcome for successful pathogenesis. Fungal necrotrophs have developed a number of strategies to achieve this goal, from the direct detoxification of these compounds through enzymatic catalysis and modification, to the active transport of various PDCs to achieve toxin sequestration and efflux. Studies have shown across multiple pathogens that the efficient detoxification of host PDCs is both critical for successful infection and often a determinant factor in pathogen host range. Here, we provide a broad and comparative overview of the various mechanisms for PDC detoxification which have been identified in both fungal necrotrophs and fungal pathogens which depend on detoxification during a necrotrophic phase of infection. Furthermore, the effect that these mechanisms have on fungal host range, metabolism, and disease control will be discussed.
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26
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Valle-Torres J, Ross TJ, Plewa D, Avellaneda MC, Check J, Chilvers MI, Cruz AP, Dalla Lana F, Groves C, Gongora-Canul C, Henriquez-Dole L, Jamann T, Kleczewski N, Lipps S, Malvick D, McCoy AG, Mueller DS, Paul PA, Puerto C, Schloemer C, Raid RN, Robertson A, Roggenkamp EM, Smith DL, Telenko DEP, Cruz CD. Tar Spot: An Understudied Disease Threatening Corn Production in the Americas. Plant Dis 2020; 104:2541-2550. [PMID: 32762502 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-20-0449-fe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Tar spot of corn has been a major foliar disease in several Latin American countries since 1904. In 2015, tar spot was first documented in the United States and has led to significant yield losses of approximately 4.5 million t. Tar spot is caused by an obligate pathogen, Phyllachora maydis, and thus requires a living host to grow and reproduce. Due to its obligate nature, biological and epidemiological studies are limited and impact of disease in corn production has been understudied. Here we present the current literature and gaps in knowledge of tar spot of corn in the Americas, its etiology, distribution, impact and known management strategies as a resource for understanding the pathosystem. This will in tern guide current and future research and aid in the development of effective management strategies for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Valle-Torres
- Zamorano University, San Antonio de Oriente, Fco. Morazán, Honduras
| | - T J Ross
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, U.S.A
| | - D Plewa
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, U.S.A
| | - M C Avellaneda
- Zamorano University, San Antonio de Oriente, Fco. Morazán, Honduras
| | - J Check
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - M I Chilvers
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - A P Cruz
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, U.S.A
| | - F Dalla Lana
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, U.S.A
| | - C Groves
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A
| | - C Gongora-Canul
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, U.S.A
| | - L Henriquez-Dole
- Zamorano University, San Antonio de Oriente, Fco. Morazán, Honduras
| | - T Jamann
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, U.S.A
| | - N Kleczewski
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, U.S.A
| | - S Lipps
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, U.S.A
| | - D Malvick
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, U.S.A
| | - A G McCoy
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - D S Mueller
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
| | - P A Paul
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, U.S.A
| | - C Puerto
- Zamorano University, San Antonio de Oriente, Fco. Morazán, Honduras
| | - C Schloemer
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, U.S.A
| | - R N Raid
- IFAS Everglades Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Belle Glade, FL 33430, U.S.A
| | - A Robertson
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
| | - E M Roggenkamp
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - D L Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A
| | - D E P Telenko
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, U.S.A
| | - C D Cruz
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, U.S.A
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27
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Kandel YR, Bradley CA, Chilvers MI, Mathew FM, Tenuta AU, Smith DL, Wise KA, Mueller DS. Relationship Between Sudden Death Syndrome caused by Fusarium virguliforme and Soybean Yield: A Meta-Analysis. Plant Dis 2020; 104:1736-1743. [PMID: 32289247 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-19-2441-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In total, 52 uniform field experiments were conducted in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, South Dakota, and Wisconsin in the United States and Ontario, Canada from 2013 to 2017 comparing crop protection products against sudden death syndrome (SDS) of soybean. Data were analyzed using meta-analytic models to summarize the relationship between foliar disease index (FDX) and yield. For each study, correlation and regression analyses were performed separately to determine three effect sizes: Fisher's transformation of correlation coefficients (Z r ), intercept (β0), and slope (β1). Random- and mixed-effect meta-analyses were used to summarize the effect sizes. Study- and location-specific moderator variables FDX (low < 10% and high ≥ 10%), date of planting (early = prior to 7 May, conventional = 7 to 21 May, and late = after 21 May) cultivar (susceptible and partially resistant to SDS), study location, and growing season were used as fixed effects. The overall mean effect sizes of transformed correlation coefficient [Formula: see text] r was -0.41 and different from zero (P < 0.001), indicating that yield was negatively correlated with FDX. The [Formula: see text] r was affected by disease level (P < 0.01) and cultivar (P = 0.02), with a greater effect at higher disease levels and with susceptible cultivars. The mean [Formula: see text] 0 was 4,121 kg/ha and mean [Formula: see text] 1 was -21 kg/ha/% FDX and were different from zero (P < 0.01). Results from these data indicate that, for every unit of FDX increase, yield was decreased by 0.5%. Study locations and year affected the [Formula: see text] 0 , whereas none of the moderator variables significantly affected [Formula: see text] 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuba R Kandel
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, U.S.A
| | - Carl A Bradley
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky Research and Education Center, Princeton 42445, U.S.A
| | - Martin I Chilvers
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, U.S.A
| | - Febina M Mathew
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007, U.S.A
| | - Albert U Tenuta
- Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada
| | - Damon L Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706, U.S.A
| | - Kiersten A Wise
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky Research and Education Center, Princeton 42445, U.S.A
| | - Daren S Mueller
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, U.S.A
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Ranjan A, Westrick NM, Jain S, Piotrowski JS, Ranjan M, Kessens R, Stiegman L, Grau CR, Conley SP, Smith DL, Kabbage M. Resistance against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soybean involves a reprogramming of the phenylpropanoid pathway and up-regulation of antifungal activity targeting ergosterol biosynthesis. Plant Biotechnol J 2019; 17:1567-1581. [PMID: 30672092 PMCID: PMC6662107 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, a predominately necrotrophic fungal pathogen with a broad host range, causes a significant yield-limiting disease of soybean called Sclerotinia stem rot. Resistance mechanisms against this pathogen in soybean are poorly understood, thus hindering the commercial deployment of resistant varieties. We used a multiomic approach utilizing RNA-sequencing, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and chemical genomics in yeast to decipher the molecular mechanisms governing resistance to S. sclerotiorum in soybean. Transcripts and metabolites of two soybean recombinant inbred lines, one resistant and one susceptible to S. sclerotiorum were analysed in a time course experiment. The combined results show that resistance to S. sclerotiorum in soybean is associated in part with an early accumulation of JA-Ile ((+)-7-iso-jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine), a bioactive jasmonate, increased ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species, and importantly, a reprogramming of the phenylpropanoid pathway leading to increased antifungal activities. Indeed, we noted that phenylpropanoid pathway intermediates, such as 4-hydroxybenzoate, cinnamic acid, ferulic acid and caffeic acid, were highly accumulated in the resistant line. In vitro assays show that these metabolites and total stem extracts from the resistant line clearly affect S. sclerotiorum growth and development. Using chemical genomics in yeast, we further show that this antifungal activity targets ergosterol biosynthesis in the fungus, by disrupting enzymes involved in lipid and sterol biosynthesis. Overall, our results are consistent with a model where resistance to S. sclerotiorum in soybean coincides with an early recognition of the pathogen, leading to the modulation of the redox capacity of the host and the production of antifungal metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Ranjan
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | | | - Sachin Jain
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Jeff S. Piotrowski
- The Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
- Present address:
Yumanity TherapeuticsCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Manish Ranjan
- School of Computational and Integrative SciencesJawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew DelhiIndia
| | - Ryan Kessens
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Logan Stiegman
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Craig R. Grau
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Shawn P. Conley
- Department of AgronomyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Damon L. Smith
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Mehdi Kabbage
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
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29
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Kandel YR, Bradley CA, Chilvers MI, Mathew FM, Tenuta AU, Smith DL, Wise KA, Mueller DS. Effect of Seed Treatment and Foliar Crop Protection Products on Sudden Death Syndrome and Yield of Soybean. Plant Dis 2019; 103:1712-1720. [PMID: 31059383 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-18-2199-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sudden death syndrome (SDS), caused by Fusarium virguliforme, is an important soilborne disease of soybean. Risk of SDS increases when cool and wet conditions occur soon after planting. Recently, multiple seed treatment and foliar products have been registered and advertised for management of SDS but not all have been tested side by side in the same field experiment at multiple field locations. In 2015 and 2016, seed treatment fungicides fluopyram and thiabendazole; seed treatment biochemical pesticides citric acid and saponins extract of Chenopodium quinoa; foliar fungicides fluoxastrobin + flutriafol; and an herbicide, lactofen, were evaluated in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, South Dakota, Wisconsin, and Ontario for SDS management. Treatments were tested on SDS-resistant and -susceptible cultivars at each location. Overall, fluopyram provided the highest level of control of root rot and foliar symptoms of SDS among all the treatments. Foliar application of lactofen reduced foliar symptoms in some cases but produced the lowest yield. In 2015, fluopyram reduced the foliar disease index (FDX) by over 50% in both resistant and susceptible cultivars and provided 8.9% yield benefit in susceptible cultivars and 3.5% yield benefit in resistant cultivars compared with the base seed treatment (control). In 2016, fluopyram reduced FDX in both cultivars by over 40% compared with the base seed treatment. For yield in 2016, treatment effect was not significant in the susceptible cultivar while, in the resistant cultivar, fluopyram provided 3.5% greater yield than the base seed treatment. In this study, planting resistant cultivars and using fluopyram seed treatment were the most effective tools for SDS management. However, plant resistance provided an overall better yield-advantage than using fluopyram seed treatment alone. Effective seed treatments can be an economically viable consideration to complement resistant cultivars for managing SDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuba R Kandel
- 1 Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, U.S.A
| | - Carl A Bradley
- 2 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky Research and Education Center, Princeton 42445, U.S.A
| | - Martin I Chilvers
- 3 Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, U.S.A
| | - Febina M Mathew
- 4 Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007, U.S.A
| | - Albert U Tenuta
- 5 Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada
| | - Damon L Smith
- 6 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706, U.S.A
| | - Kiersten A Wise
- 2 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky Research and Education Center, Princeton 42445, U.S.A
| | - Daren S Mueller
- 1 Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, U.S.A
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30
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Willbur JF, Mitchell PD, Fall ML, Byrne AM, Chapman SA, Floyd CM, Bradley CA, Ames KA, Chilvers MI, Kleczewski NM, Malvick DK, Mueller BD, Mueller DS, Kabbage M, Conley SP, Smith DL. Meta-Analytic and Economic Approaches for Evaluation of Pesticide Impact on Sclerotinia Stem Rot Control and Soybean Yield in the North Central United States. Phytopathology 2019; 109:1157-1170. [PMID: 30860431 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-04-18-0124-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As complete host resistance in soybean has not been achieved, Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum continues to be of major economic concern for farmers. Thus, chemical control remains a prevalent disease management strategy. Pesticide evaluations were conducted in Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, and Wisconsin from 2009 to 2016, for a total of 25 site-years (n = 2,057 plot-level data points). These studies were used in network meta-analyses to evaluate the impact of 10 popular pesticide active ingredients, and seven common application timings on SSR control and yield benefit, compared with not treating with a pesticide. Boscalid and picoxystrobin frequently offered the best reductions in disease severity and best yield benefit (P < 0.0001). Pesticide applications (one- or two-spray programs) made during the bloom period provided significant reductions in disease severity index (DIX) (P < 0.0001) and led to significant yield benefits (P = 0.0009). Data from these studies were also used in nonlinear regression analyses to determine the effect of DIX on soybean yield. A three-parameter logistic model was found to best describe soybean yield loss (pseudo-R2 = 0.309). In modern soybean cultivars, yield loss due to SSR does not occur until 20 to 25% DIX, and considerable yield loss (-697 kg ha-1 or -10 bu acre-1) is observed at 68% DIX. Further analyses identified several pesticides and programs that resulted in greater than 60% probability for return on investment under high disease levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime F Willbur
- 1 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- 4 Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Paul D Mitchell
- 2 Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Mamadou L Fall
- 3 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC
- 4 Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Adam M Byrne
- 4 Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Scott A Chapman
- 5 Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Crystal M Floyd
- 6 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN
| | - Carl A Bradley
- 7 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Princeton, KY
| | - K A Ames
- 8 Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - Martin I Chilvers
- 4 Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | | | - Dean K Malvick
- 6 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN
| | - Brian D Mueller
- 1 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Daren S Mueller
- 10 Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Integrated Pest Management, Iowa State University, Ames, IA; and
| | - Mehdi Kabbage
- 1 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Shawn P Conley
- 11 Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Damon L Smith
- 1 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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31
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Ghimire K, Petrović K, Kontz BJ, Bradley CA, Chilvers MI, Mueller DS, Smith DL, Wise KA, Mathew FM. Inoculation Method Impacts Symptom Development Associated with Diaporthe aspalathi, D. caulivora, and D. longicolla on Soybean (Glycine max). Plant Dis 2019. [PMID: 30742552 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-18-1078-re103(4):677-684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
One hundred fifty-two Diaporthe isolates were recovered from symptomatic soybean (Glycine max) stems sampled from the U.S. states of Iowa, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, and South Dakota. Using morphology and DNA sequencing, isolates were identified as D. aspalathi (8.6%), D. caulivora (24.3%), and D. longicolla (67.1%). Aggressiveness of five isolates each of the three pathogens was studied on cultivars Hawkeye (D. caulivora and D. longicolla) and Bragg (D. aspalathi) using toothpick, stem-wound, mycelium contact, and spore injection inoculation methods in the greenhouse. For D. aspalathi, methods significantly affected disease severity (P < 0.001) and pathogen recovery (P < 0.001). The relative treatment effects (RTE) of stem-wound and toothpick methods were significantly greater than for the other methods. For D. caulivora and D. longicolla, a significant isolate × method interaction affected disease severity (P < 0.05) and pathogen recovery (P < 0.001). Significant differences in RTEs were observed among D. caulivora and D. longicolla isolates only when the stem-wound and toothpick methods were used. Our study has determined that the stem-wound and toothpick methods are reliable to evaluate the three pathogens; however, the significant isolate × method interactions for D. caulivora and D. longicolla indicate that multiple isolates should also be considered for future pathogenicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Ghimire
- 1 Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, U.S.A
| | - Kristina Petrović
- 1 Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, U.S.A
- 2 Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Department of Soybean, Maksima Gorkog 30, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
| | - Brian J Kontz
- 1 Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, U.S.A
| | - Carl A Bradley
- 3 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky Research and Education Center, Princeton, KY 42445, U.S.A
| | - Martin I Chilvers
- 4 Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - Daren S Mueller
- 5 Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
| | - Damon L Smith
- 6 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A.; and
| | - Kiersten A Wise
- 7 Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, West Lafayette, IN 47907, U.S.A
| | - Febina M Mathew
- 1 Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, U.S.A
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32
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Ghimire K, Petrović K, Kontz BJ, Bradley CA, Chilvers MI, Mueller DS, Smith DL, Wise KA, Mathew FM. Inoculation Method Impacts Symptom Development Associated with Diaporthe aspalathi, D. caulivora, and D. longicolla on Soybean (Glycine max). Plant Dis 2019; 103:677-684. [PMID: 30742552 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-18-1078-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
One hundred fifty-two Diaporthe isolates were recovered from symptomatic soybean (Glycine max) stems sampled from the U.S. states of Iowa, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, and South Dakota. Using morphology and DNA sequencing, isolates were identified as D. aspalathi (8.6%), D. caulivora (24.3%), and D. longicolla (67.1%). Aggressiveness of five isolates each of the three pathogens was studied on cultivars Hawkeye (D. caulivora and D. longicolla) and Bragg (D. aspalathi) using toothpick, stem-wound, mycelium contact, and spore injection inoculation methods in the greenhouse. For D. aspalathi, methods significantly affected disease severity (P < 0.001) and pathogen recovery (P < 0.001). The relative treatment effects (RTE) of stem-wound and toothpick methods were significantly greater than for the other methods. For D. caulivora and D. longicolla, a significant isolate × method interaction affected disease severity (P < 0.05) and pathogen recovery (P < 0.001). Significant differences in RTEs were observed among D. caulivora and D. longicolla isolates only when the stem-wound and toothpick methods were used. Our study has determined that the stem-wound and toothpick methods are reliable to evaluate the three pathogens; however, the significant isolate × method interactions for D. caulivora and D. longicolla indicate that multiple isolates should also be considered for future pathogenicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Ghimire
- 1 Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, U.S.A
| | - Kristina Petrović
- 1 Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, U.S.A
- 2 Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Department of Soybean, Maksima Gorkog 30, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
| | - Brian J Kontz
- 1 Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, U.S.A
| | - Carl A Bradley
- 3 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky Research and Education Center, Princeton, KY 42445, U.S.A
| | - Martin I Chilvers
- 4 Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - Daren S Mueller
- 5 Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
| | - Damon L Smith
- 6 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A.; and
| | - Kiersten A Wise
- 7 Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, West Lafayette, IN 47907, U.S.A
| | - Febina M Mathew
- 1 Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, U.S.A
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33
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Kraemer MUG, Golding N, Bisanzio D, Bhatt S, Pigott DM, Ray SE, Brady OJ, Brownstein JS, Faria NR, Cummings DAT, Pybus OG, Smith DL, Tatem AJ, Hay SI, Reiner RC. Utilizing general human movement models to predict the spread of emerging infectious diseases in resource poor settings. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5151. [PMID: 30914669 PMCID: PMC6435716 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41192-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mobility is an important driver of geographic spread of infectious pathogens. Detailed information about human movements during outbreaks are, however, difficult to obtain and may not be available during future epidemics. The Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in West Africa between 2014–16 demonstrated how quickly pathogens can spread to large urban centers following one cross-species transmission event. Here we describe a flexible transmission model to test the utility of generalised human movement models in estimating EVD cases and spatial spread over the course of the outbreak. A transmission model that includes a general model of human mobility significantly improves prediction of EVD’s incidence compared to models without this component. Human movement plays an important role not only to ignite the epidemic in locations previously disease free, but over the course of the entire epidemic. We also demonstrate important differences between countries in population mixing and the improved prediction attributable to movement metrics. Given their relative rareness, locally derived mobility data are unlikely to exist in advance of future epidemics or pandemics. Our findings show that transmission patterns derived from general human movement models can improve forecasts of spatio-temporal transmission patterns in places where local mobility data is unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- M U G Kraemer
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Computational Epidemiology Lab, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - N Golding
- Department of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - D Bisanzio
- RTI International, Washington, D.C., USA.,Epidemiology and Public Health Division, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - S Bhatt
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - D M Pigott
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S E Ray
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - O J Brady
- Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - J S Brownstein
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Computational Epidemiology Lab, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - N R Faria
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - D A T Cummings
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - O G Pybus
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - D L Smith
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Sanaria Institute for Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Rockville, USA
| | - A J Tatem
- WorldPop, Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Flowminder Foundation, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S I Hay
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - R C Reiner
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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34
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Westrick NM, Ranjan A, Jain S, Grau CR, Smith DL, Kabbage M. Gene regulation of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum during infection of Glycine max: on the road to pathogenesis. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:157. [PMID: 30808300 PMCID: PMC6390599 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5517-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a broad-host range necrotrophic pathogen which is the causative agent of Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR), and a major disease of soybean (Glycine max). A time course transcriptomic analysis was performed in both compatible and incompatible soybean lines to identify pathogenicity and developmental factors utilized by S. sclerotiorum to achieve pathogenic success. RESULTS A comparison of genes expressed during early infection identified the potential importance of toxin efflux and nitrogen metabolism during the early stages of disease establishment. The later stages of infection were characterized by an apparent shift to survival structure formation. Analysis of genes highly upregulated in-planta revealed a temporal regulation of hydrolytic and detoxification enzymes, putative secreted effectors, and secondary metabolite synthesis genes. Redox regulation also appears to play a key role during the course of infection, as suggested by the high expression of genes involved in reactive oxygen species production and scavenging. Finally, distinct differences in early gene expression were noted based on the comparison of S. sclerotiorum infection of resistant and susceptible soybean lines. CONCLUSIONS Although many potential virulence factors have been noted in the S. sclerotiorum pathosystem, this study serves to highlight soybean specific processes most likely to be critical in successful infection. Functional studies of genes identified in this work are needed to confirm their importance to disease development, and may constitute valuable targets of RNAi approaches to improve resistance to SSR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashish Ranjan
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Sachin Jain
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Craig R. Grau
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Damon L. Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Mehdi Kabbage
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
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35
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Willbur JF, Fall ML, Byrne AM, Chapman SA, McCaghey MM, Mueller BD, Schmidt R, Chilvers MI, Mueller DS, Kabbage M, Giesler LJ, Conley SP, Smith DL. Validating Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Apothecial Models to Predict Sclerotinia Stem Rot in Soybean (Glycine max) Fields. Plant Dis 2018; 102:2592-2601. [PMID: 30334675 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-18-0245-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In soybean, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum apothecia are the sources of primary inoculum (ascospores) critical for Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) development. We recently developed logistic regression models to predict the presence of apothecia in irrigated and nonirrigated soybean fields. In 2017, small-plot trials were established to validate two weather-based models (one for irrigated fields and one for nonirrigated fields) to predict SSR development. Additionally, apothecial scouting and disease monitoring were conducted in 60 commercial fields in three states between 2016 and 2017 to evaluate model accuracy across the growing region. Site-specific air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed data were obtained through the Integrated Pest Information Platform for Extension and Education (iPiPE) and Dark Sky weather networks. Across all locations, iPiPE-driven model predictions during the soybean flowering period (R1 to R4 growth stages) explained end-of-season disease observations with an accuracy of 81.8% using a probability action threshold of 35%. Dark Sky data, incorporating bias corrections for weather variables, explained end-of-season disease observations with 87.9% accuracy (in 2017 commercial locations in Wisconsin) using a 40% probability threshold. Overall, these validations indicate that these two weather-based apothecial models, using either weather data source, provide disease risk predictions that both reduce unnecessary chemical application and accurately advise applications at critical times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime F Willbur
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Mamadou L Fall
- Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC, Canada; and Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing
| | - Adam M Byrne
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University
| | - Scott A Chapman
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | | | - Brian D Mueller
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Roger Schmidt
- Nutrient and Pest Management, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Martin I Chilvers
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University
| | - Daren S Mueller
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames
| | - Mehdi Kabbage
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Loren J Giesler
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
| | | | - Damon L Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison
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36
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Fall ML, Willbur JF, Smith DL, Byrne AM, Chilvers MI. Spatiotemporal Distribution Pattern of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Apothecia is Modulated by Canopy Closure and Soil Temperature in an Irrigated Soybean Field. Plant Dis 2018; 102:1794-1802. [PMID: 30125202 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-17-1821-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the optimal timing for fungicide application is crucial in order to maximize the control of Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR), which is caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. In this study, the impact of canopy closure and soil temperature on apothecia production was investigated to optimize fungicide application timing. Replicated soybean plots with a row spacing of 0.36 and 0.38 or 0.76 m were established in 2015 and 2016 in an irrigated soybean field at Michigan State University's Montcalm Research Center. The number of apothecia and ascospores and the incidence of SSR were monitored two times per week for 10 to 12 weeks. In both row-spacing trials, apothecia were observed earlier in 2016 (before the R1 growth stage) than in 2015 (between R1 and R2). The maximum number of apothecia was 50 times higher with the 0.36-m row spacing than with the 0.76-m row spacing in 2015 but was 2.5 times higher with the 0.76-m row spacing than with the 0.38-m row spacing in 2016, though the overall numbers were much lower in 2016. The apothecia distribution pattern was synchronized with the canopy closure pattern and the soil temperature profile. The peak number of apothecia was observed when canopy closure reached at least 50% and when average soil temperature in the row was between 21.5 and 23.5°C. In 91% of the cases, the presence of apothecia was observed when the percentage of light blocked was 70%, and no apothecia germinated in the absence of light or under full light exposure. During the first 50 days after plant emergence, the rate of canopy closure was higher in 2016 than in 2015, and the first diseased plant was observed earlier in 2016 (R2) than in 2015 (R5). Canopy closure and the distance of the sampling point from the soybean row explained much of the variability in the number of apothecia. These results can partially explain the inconsistent efficacy of fungicide applications based on the soybean growth stage and will be helpful for informing disease models and fine-tuning fungicide application strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamadou L Fall
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing
| | - Jaime F Willbur
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison
| | - Damon L Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison
| | - Adam M Byrne
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University
| | - Martin I Chilvers
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University
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Elliott RC, Smith DL, Echodu D. Medical and entomological malarial interventions, a comparison and synergy of two control measures using a Ross/Macdonald model variant and openmalaria simulation. Math Biosci 2018; 300:187-200. [PMID: 29655551 PMCID: PMC6013649 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
An adaptation of the classical Ross–Macdonald model for vector disease transmission to incorporate time-dependent medical and entomological control measures. Modeling both mass drug administration and indoor residual spraying campaigns, the synchronous deployment of both yields a synergy where the impact of a joint intervention exceeds that of isolated campaigns. Openmalaria simulations, separately run, indicate comparable intervention impacts to the Ross/Macdonald model variant. The vector reservoir of parasitemia is found to be labile, and this dictates the impacts of the medical and entomological interventions. A scaling-law level of analysis is performed that estimates the rebound of infections in a community after interventions expire, and not only do higher transmission environments bounce back to prevalent infections faster, communities with stronger interventions are shown to have a slower relapse to parasitemia.
Using an established Ross/Macdonald model variant for mosquito-born parasite transmission, we extend the formalism to simply incorporate time-dependent control measures. In particular, two interventions are considered, mass drug administration (MDA) and indoor residual spraying (IRS), whose individual intensities during their respective campaigns are set to the same intervention-reduced reproductive number R0. The impacts of these interventions, measured as each campaign’s ability over time to reduce infections in a community, are found based on the transmission setting, coverage, and their associated durations. These impacts are compared for both interventions and their joint deployment. Synchronous campaigns of IRS deployed with MDA have a cooperative, synergistic effect whose impact exceeds that when the campaigns are deployed in isolation. Simulations with openmalaria, with its more complex model of transmission, are separately performed and show a similar impact enhancement with these interventions. A new, associated analysis yields simple scaling relationships that estimate the dynamical resurgence time, post-intervention, to infection proliferation in a community.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Elliott
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Engineering Building Suite 338, Boise, ID 83725, USA; Pilgrim Africa, 115 N 85th St #202, Seattle, WA 98103, USA.
| | - D L Smith
- Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 2301 Fifth Ave., Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98121, USA.
| | - D Echodu
- Pilgrim Africa, 115 N 85th St #202, Seattle, WA 98103, USA.
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Fall ML, Boyse JF, Wang D, Willbur JF, Smith DL, Chilvers MI. Case Study of an Epidemiological Approach Dissecting Historical Soybean Sclerotinia Stem Rot Observations and Identifying Environmental Predictors of Epidemics and Yield Loss. Phytopathology 2018; 108:469-478. [PMID: 29231778 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-12-16-0446-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a significant threat to soybean production worldwide. In this study, an epidemiological approach was used to examine 11 years of historical data from a soybean management performance trial in order to advance our understanding of Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) development and to identify environmental predictors of SSR epidemics and associated yield losses. Recursive partitioning analysis suggested that average air temperature and total precipitation in July were the most significant variables associated with disease severity. High levels of SSR disease severity index were observed when the average temperature in July was below 19.5°C and total precipitation in July was moderate, between 20 and 108.5 mm. A biphasic sigmoidal curve accurately described the relationship between SSR disease severity index (DSI) and yield, with a DSI threshold of 22, below which minimal yield loss was observed. A 10% increase in the DSI, from 22.0 to 24.2, led to an 11% decrease in yield, from 3,308.14 to 2,951.29 kg/ha. Also, a yield threshold (3,353 kg/ha) that was higher than the annual U.S. average soybean yield (3,039.7 kg/ha) was suggested as an expected yield under low or no SSR pressure in the U.S. Midwest. These thresholds can allow soybean stakeholders to assess the value of disease control and establish an SSR baseline for cost-effective management to protect yields. Because S. sclerotiorum has more than 400 plant host species, and because having quantitative information concerning crop losses is crucial for decision making, this study shows the usefulness of historical data on SSR and, hence, can serve as a model in other SSR pathosystems (canola, dry bean, potato, pea, and so on).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamadou L Fall
- First, second, third, and sixth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing; and fourth and fifth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison
| | - John F Boyse
- First, second, third, and sixth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing; and fourth and fifth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison
| | - Dechun Wang
- First, second, third, and sixth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing; and fourth and fifth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison
| | - Jaime F Willbur
- First, second, third, and sixth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing; and fourth and fifth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison
| | - Damon L Smith
- First, second, third, and sixth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing; and fourth and fifth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison
| | - Martin I Chilvers
- First, second, third, and sixth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing; and fourth and fifth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison
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Ranjan A, Jayaraman D, Grau C, Hill JH, Whitham SA, Ané J, Smith DL, Kabbage M. The pathogenic development of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soybean requires specific host NADPH oxidases. Mol Plant Pathol 2018; 19:700-714. [PMID: 28378935 PMCID: PMC6638103 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The plant membrane-localized NADPH oxidases, also known as respiratory burst oxidase homologues (RBOHs), play crucial roles in various cellular activities, including plant disease responses, and are a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a cosmopolitan fungal pathogen that causes Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) in soybean. Via a key virulence factor, oxalic acid, it induces programmed cell death (PCD) in the host plant, a process that is reliant on ROS generation. In this study, using protein sequence similarity searches, we identified 17 soybean RBOHs (GmRBOHs) and studied their contribution to SSR disease development, drought tolerance and nodulation. We clustered the soybean RBOH genes into six groups of orthologues based on phylogenetic analysis with their Arabidopsis counterparts. Transcript analysis of all 17 GmRBOHs revealed that, of the six identified groups, group VI (GmRBOH-VI) was specifically and drastically induced following S. sclerotiorum challenge. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of GmRBOH-VI using Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) resulted in enhanced resistance to S. sclerotiorum and markedly reduced ROS levels during disease development. Coincidently, GmRBOH-VI-silenced plants were also found to be drought tolerant, but showed a reduced capacity to form nodules. Our results indicate that the pathogenic development of S. sclerotiorum in soybean requires the active participation of specific host RBOHs, to induce ROS and cell death, thus leading to the establishment of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Ranjan
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI53706USA
| | | | - Craig Grau
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI53706USA
| | - John H. Hill
- Department of Plant Pathology and MicrobiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA
| | - Steven A. Whitham
- Department of Plant Pathology and MicrobiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA
| | - Jean‐Michel Ané
- Department of BacteriologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI53706USA
- Department of AgronomyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI53706USA
| | - Damon L. Smith
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI53706USA
| | - Mehdi Kabbage
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI53706USA
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Willbur JF, Fall ML, Bloomingdale C, Byrne AM, Chapman SA, Isard SA, Magarey RD, McCaghey MM, Mueller BD, Russo JM, Schlegel J, Chilvers MI, Mueller DS, Kabbage M, Smith DL. Weather-Based Models for Assessing the Risk of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Apothecial Presence in Soybean (Glycine max) Fields. Plant Dis 2018; 102:73-84. [PMID: 30673449 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-17-0504-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) epidemics in soybean, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, are currently responsible for annual yield reductions in the United States of up to 1 million metric tons. In-season disease management is largely dependent on chemical control but its efficiency and cost-effectiveness depends on both the chemistry used and the risk of apothecia formation, germination, and further dispersal of ascospores during susceptible soybean growth stages. Hence, accurate prediction of the S. sclerotiorum apothecial risk during the soybean flowering period could enable farmers to improve in-season SSR management. From 2014 to 2016, apothecial presence or absence was monitored in three irrigated (n = 1,505 plot-level observations) and six nonirrigated (n = 2,361 plot-level observations) field trials located in Iowa (n = 156), Michigan (n = 1,400), and Wisconsin (n = 2,310), for a total of 3,866 plot-level observations. Hourly air temperature, relative humidity, dew point, wind speed, leaf wetness, and rainfall were also monitored continuously, throughout the season, at each location using high-resolution gridded weather data. Logistic regression models were developed for irrigated and nonirrigated conditions using apothecial presence as a binary response variable. Agronomic variables (row width) and weather-related variables (defined as 30-day moving averages, prior to apothecial presence) were tested for their predictive ability. In irrigated soybean fields, apothecial presence was best explained by row width (r = -0.41, P < 0.0001), 30-day moving averages of daily maximum air temperature (r = 0.27, P < 0.0001), and daily maximum relative humidity (r = 0.16, P < 0.05). In nonirrigated fields, apothecial presence was best explained by using moving averages of daily maximum air temperature (r = -0.30, P < 0.0001) and wind speed (r = -0.27, P < 0.0001). These models correctly predicted (overall accuracy of 67 to 70%) apothecial presence during the soybean flowering period for four independent datasets (n = 1,102 plot-level observations or 30 daily mean observations).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime F Willbur
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison
| | - Mamadou L Fall
- Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC, Canada
| | | | - Adam M Byrne
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing
| | - Scott A Chapman
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Scott A Isard
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, and Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park
| | - Roger D Magarey
- NSF Center for Integrated Pest Management, North Carolina State University, Raleigh
| | | | - Brian D Mueller
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | | | | | - Martin I Chilvers
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University
| | - Daren S Mueller
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames
| | - Mehdi Kabbage
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Damon L Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison
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McCaghey M, Willbur J, Ranjan A, Grau CR, Chapman S, Diers B, Groves C, Kabbage M, Smith DL. Development and Evaluation of Glycine max Germplasm Lines with Quantitative Resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:1495. [PMID: 28912790 PMCID: PMC5584390 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the causal agent of Sclerotinia stem rot, is a devastating fungal pathogen of soybean that can cause significant yield losses to growers when environmental conditions are favorable for the disease. The development of resistant varieties has proven difficult. However, poor resistance in commercial cultivars can be improved through additional breeding efforts and understanding the genetic basis of resistance. The objective of this project was to develop soybean germplasm lines that have a high level of Sclerotinia stem rot resistance to be used directly as cultivars or in breeding programs as a source of improved Sclerotinia stem rot resistance. Sclerotinia stem rot-resistant soybean germplasm was developed by crossing two sources of resistance, W04-1002 and AxN-1-55, with lines exhibiting resistance to Heterodera glycines and Cadophora gregata in addition to favorable agronomic traits. Following greenhouse evaluations of 1,076 inbred lines derived from these crosses, 31 lines were evaluated for resistance in field tests during the 2014 field season. Subsequently, 11 Sclerotinia stem rot resistant breeding lines were moved forward for field evaluation in 2015, and seven elite breeding lines were selected and evaluated in the 2016 field season. To better understand resistance mechanisms, a marker analysis was conducted to identify quantitative trait loci linked to resistance. Thirteen markers associated with Sclerotinia stem rot resistance were identified on chromosomes 15, 16, 17, 18, and 19. Our markers confirm previously reported chromosomal regions associated with Sclerotinia stem rot resistance as well as a novel region of chromosome 16. The seven elite germplasm lines were also re-evaluated within a greenhouse setting using a cut petiole technique with multiple S. sclerotiorum isolates to test the durability of physiological resistance of the lines in a controlled environment. This work presents a novel and comprehensive classical breeding method for selecting lines with physiological resistance to Sclerotinia stem rot and a range of agronomic traits. In these studies, we identify four germplasm lines; 91-38, 51-23, SSR51-70, and 52-82B exhibiting a high level of Sclerotinia stem rot resistance combined with desirable agronomic traits, including high protein and oil contents. The germplasm identified in this study will serve as a valuable source of physiological resistance to Sclerotinia stem rot that could be improved through further breeding to generate high-yielding commercial soybean cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan McCaghey
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, MadisonWI, United States
| | - Jaime Willbur
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, MadisonWI, United States
| | - Ashish Ranjan
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, MadisonWI, United States
| | - Craig R. Grau
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, MadisonWI, United States
| | - Scott Chapman
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, MadisonWI, United States
| | - Brian Diers
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, ChampaignIL, United States
| | - Carol Groves
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, MadisonWI, United States
| | - Mehdi Kabbage
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, MadisonWI, United States
| | - Damon L. Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, MadisonWI, United States
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Moellers TC, Singh A, Zhang J, Brungardt J, Kabbage M, Mueller DS, Grau CR, Ranjan A, Smith DL, Chowda-Reddy RV, Singh AK. Main and epistatic loci studies in soybean for Sclerotinia sclerotiorum resistance reveal multiple modes of resistance in multi-environments. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3554. [PMID: 28620159 PMCID: PMC5472596 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03695-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association (GWAS) and epistatic (GWES) studies along with expression studies in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] were leveraged to dissect the genetics of Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) [caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary], a significant fungal disease causing yield and quality losses. A large association panel of 466 diverse plant introduction accessions were phenotyped in multiple field and controlled environments to: (1) discover sources of resistance, (2) identify SNPs associated with resistance, and (3) determine putative candidate genes to elucidate the mode of resistance. We report 58 significant main effect loci and 24 significant epistatic interactions associated with SSR resistance, with candidate genes involved in a wide range of processes including cell wall structure, hormone signaling, and sugar allocation related to plant immunity, revealing the complex nature of SSR resistance. Putative candidate genes [for example, PHYTOALEXIN DEFFICIENT 4 (PAD4), ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE 3-LIKE 1 (EIL3), and ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR 1 (ERF1)] clustered into salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ET) pathways suggest the involvement of a complex hormonal network typically activated by both necrotrophic (ET/JA) and biotrophic (SA) pathogens supporting that S. sclerotiorum is a hemibiotrophic plant pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara C Moellers
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, United States of America
| | - Arti Singh
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, United States of America
| | - Jiaoping Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, United States of America
| | - Jae Brungardt
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, United States of America
| | - Mehdi Kabbage
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States of America
| | - Daren S Mueller
- Department of Plant Pathology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, United States of America
| | - Craig R Grau
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States of America
| | - Ashish Ranjan
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States of America
| | - Damon L Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States of America
| | - R V Chowda-Reddy
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, United States of America
| | - Asheesh K Singh
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, United States of America.
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Alejandro Rojas J, Jacobs JL, Napieralski S, Karaj B, Bradley CA, Chase T, Esker PD, Giesler LJ, Jardine DJ, Malvick DK, Markell SG, Nelson BD, Robertson AE, Rupe JC, Smith DL, Sweets LE, Tenuta AU, Wise KA, Chilvers MI. Oomycete Species Associated with Soybean Seedlings in North America-Part I: Identification and Pathogenicity Characterization. Phytopathology 2017; 107:280-292. [PMID: 27801078 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-04-16-0177-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Oomycete pathogens are commonly associated with soybean root rot and have been estimated to reduce soybean yields in the United States by 1.5 million tons on an annual basis. Limited information exists regarding the frequency and diversity of oomycete species across the major soybean-producing regions in North America. A survey was conducted across 11 major soybean-producing states in the United States and the province of Ontario, Canada. In 2011, 2,378 oomycete cultures were isolated from soybean seedling roots on a semiselective medium (CMA-PARPB) and were identified by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region of rDNA. Sequence results distinguished a total of 51 Pythium spp., three Phytophthora spp., three Phytopythium spp., and one Aphanomyces sp. in 2011, with Pythium sylvaticum (16%) and P. oopapillum (13%) being the most prevalent. In 2012, the survey was repeated, but, due to drought conditions across the sampling area, fewer total isolates (n = 1,038) were collected. Additionally, in 2012, a second semiselective medium (V8-RPBH) was included, which increased the Phytophthora spp. isolated from 0.7 to 7% of the total isolates. In 2012, 54 Pythium spp., seven Phytophthora spp., six Phytopythium spp., and one Pythiogeton sp. were recovered, with P. sylvaticum (14%) and P. heterothallicum (12%) being recovered most frequently. Pathogenicity and virulence were evaluated with representative isolates of each of the 84 species on soybean cv. Sloan. A seed-rot assay identified 13 and 11 pathogenic species, respectively, at 13 and 20°C. A seedling-root assay conducted at 20°C identified 43 species as pathogenic, having a significantly detrimental effect on the seedling roots as compared with the noninoculated control. A total of 15 species were pathogenic in both the seed and seedling assays. This study provides a comprehensive characterization of oomycete species present in soybean seedling roots in the major production areas in the United States and Ontario, Canada and provides a basis for disease management and breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Alejandro Rojas
- First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University; fifth author: Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteeenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Janette L Jacobs
- First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University; fifth author: Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteeenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Stephanie Napieralski
- First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University; fifth author: Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteeenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Behirda Karaj
- First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University; fifth author: Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteeenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Carl A Bradley
- First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University; fifth author: Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteeenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Thomas Chase
- First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University; fifth author: Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteeenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Paul D Esker
- First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University; fifth author: Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteeenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Loren J Giesler
- First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University; fifth author: Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteeenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Doug J Jardine
- First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University; fifth author: Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteeenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Dean K Malvick
- First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University; fifth author: Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteeenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Samuel G Markell
- First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University; fifth author: Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteeenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Berlin D Nelson
- First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University; fifth author: Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteeenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Alison E Robertson
- First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University; fifth author: Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteeenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - John C Rupe
- First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University; fifth author: Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteeenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Damon L Smith
- First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University; fifth author: Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteeenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Laura E Sweets
- First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University; fifth author: Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteeenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Albert U Tenuta
- First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University; fifth author: Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteeenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Kiersten A Wise
- First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University; fifth author: Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteeenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Martin I Chilvers
- First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University; fifth author: Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteeenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
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Rojas JA, Jacobs JL, Napieralski S, Karaj B, Bradley CA, Chase T, Esker PD, Giesler LJ, Jardine DJ, Malvick DK, Markell SG, Nelson BD, Robertson AE, Rupe JC, Smith DL, Sweets LE, Tenuta AU, Wise KA, Chilvers MI. Oomycete Species Associated with Soybean Seedlings in North America-Part II: Diversity and Ecology in Relation to Environmental and Edaphic Factors. Phytopathology 2017; 107:293-304. [PMID: 27841963 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-04-16-0176-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is produced across a vast swath of North America, with the greatest concentration in the Midwest. Root rot diseases and damping-off are a major concern for production, and the primary causal agents include oomycetes and fungi. In this study, we focused on examination of oomycete species distribution in this soybean production system and how environmental and soil (edaphic) factors correlate with oomycete community composition at early plant growth stages. Using a culture-based approach, 3,418 oomycete isolates were collected from 11 major soybean-producing states and most were identified to genus and species using the internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal DNA. Pythium was the predominant genus isolated and investigated in this study. An ecology approach was taken to understand the diversity and distribution of oomycete species across geographical locations of soybean production. Metadata associated with field sample locations were collected using geographical information systems. Operational taxonomic units (OTU) were used in this study to investigate diversity by location, with OTU being defined as isolate sequences with 97% identity to one another. The mean number of OTU ranged from 2.5 to 14 per field at the state level. Most OTU in this study, classified as Pythium clades, were present in each field in every state; however, major differences were observed in the relative abundance of each clade, which resulted in clustering of states in close proximity. Because there was similar community composition (presence or absence) but differences in OTU abundance by state, the ordination analysis did not show strong patterns of aggregation. Incorporation of 37 environmental and edaphic factors using vector-fitting and Mantel tests identified 15 factors that correlate with the community composition in this survey. Further investigation using redundancy analysis identified latitude, longitude, precipitation, and temperature as factors that contribute to the variability observed in community composition. Soil parameters such as clay content and electrical conductivity also affected distribution of oomycete species. The present study suggests that oomycete species composition across geographical locations of soybean production is affected by a combination of environmental and edaphic conditions. This knowledge provides the basis to understand the ecology and distribution of oomycete species, especially those able to cause diseases in soybean, providing cues to develop management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Alejandro Rojas
- First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, and first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; fifth author; Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Janette L Jacobs
- First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, and first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; fifth author; Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Stephanie Napieralski
- First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, and first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; fifth author; Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Behirda Karaj
- First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, and first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; fifth author; Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Carl A Bradley
- First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, and first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; fifth author; Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Thomas Chase
- First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, and first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; fifth author; Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Paul D Esker
- First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, and first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; fifth author; Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Loren J Giesler
- First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, and first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; fifth author; Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Doug J Jardine
- First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, and first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; fifth author; Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Dean K Malvick
- First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, and first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; fifth author; Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Samuel G Markell
- First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, and first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; fifth author; Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Berlin D Nelson
- First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, and first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; fifth author; Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Alison E Robertson
- First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, and first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; fifth author; Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - John C Rupe
- First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, and first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; fifth author; Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Damon L Smith
- First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, and first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; fifth author; Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Laura E Sweets
- First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, and first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; fifth author; Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Albert U Tenuta
- First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, and first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; fifth author; Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Kiersten A Wise
- First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, and first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; fifth author; Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Martin I Chilvers
- First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, and first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; fifth author; Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
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45
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Bloomingdale C, Irizarry MD, Groves RL, Mueller DS, Smith DL. Seasonal Population Dynamics of Thrips (Thysanoptera) in Wisconsin and Iowa Soybean Fields. J Econ Entomol 2017; 110:133-141. [PMID: 28011679 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tow242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
With the discovery of Neohydatothrips variabilis (Beach) as a vector of Soybean vein necrosis virus (Family Bunyaviridae Genus Tospovirus), a relatively new pathogen of soybean, a multiyear study was initiated in Wisconsin (2013 and 2014) and Iowa (2014 and 2015) to determine the phenology and species composition of thrips in soybean fields. Yellow sticky card traps were used to sample thrips at regular intervals in five counties within each state's primary soybean-growing region. The assemblage of species present in Wisconsin was determined in all site-years, revealing that N. variabilis and other known vectors of tospoviruses were a relatively small percentage of the total thrips captures in 2013 (1.6%) and 2014 (3.6%). A repeated measures analysis was conducted on cumulative proportion thrips capture data within each state's sampling year to investigate differences in phenology, and standardized cumulative insect days were analyzed between sampling years within each state to determine differences in the relative magnitude of populations. Distinct seasonal trends were not detected based on location, as originally hypothesized, and thrips populations varied significantly among locations and between years. These results suggest that thrips populations may be overwintering in northern climates instead of relying solely on migrations to colonize northern soybean fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Bloomingdale
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Russell L Groves
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Daren S Mueller
- Department of Plant Pathology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Damon L Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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46
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Willbur JF, Ding S, Marks ME, Lucas H, Grau CR, Groves CL, Kabbage M, Smith DL. Comprehensive Sclerotinia Stem Rot Screening of Soybean Germplasm Requires Multiple Isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Plant Dis 2017; 101:344-353. [PMID: 30681926 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-16-1055-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum population variability directly affects Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) resistance breeding programs. In the north-central United States, however, soybean germplasm selection has often involved only a single isolate. Forty-four S. sclerotiorum isolates from Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, Wisconsin, Poland, and across 11 different host species were evaluated for variation in isolate in vitro growth, in vitro oxalate production, and in planta aggressiveness on the susceptible soybean 'Williams 82'. Significant differences (P < 0.0001) were detected in isolate in planta aggressiveness, in vitro growth, and in vitro oxalate production. Furthermore, diverse isolate characteristics were observed within all hosts and locations of collection. Aggressiveness was not correlated to colony growth and was only weakly correlated (r = 0.26, P < 0.0001) to isolate oxalate production. In addition, the host or location of collection did not explain isolate aggressiveness. Isolate oxalic acid production, however, may be partially explained by the host (P < 0.05) and location (P < 0.01) of collection. Using a representative subset of nine S. sclerotiorum isolates and soybean genotypes exhibiting susceptible or resistant responses (determined using a single isolate), a significant interaction (P = 0.04) was detected between isolates and genotypes when SSR severity was evaluated. Our findings suggest that screening of S. sclerotiorum-resistant soybean germplasm should be performed with multiple isolates to account for the overall diversity of S. sclerotiorum isolates found throughout the soybean-growing regions of the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Willbur
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706
| | - S Ding
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706
| | - M E Marks
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706
| | - H Lucas
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706
| | - C R Grau
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706
| | - C L Groves
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706
| | - M Kabbage
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706
| | - D L Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706
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47
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Baturo-Ciesniewska A, Groves CL, Albrecht KA, Grau CR, Willis DK, Smith DL. Molecular Identification of Sclerotinia trifoliorum and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Isolates from the United States and Poland. Plant Dis 2017; 101:192-199. [PMID: 30682302 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-16-0896-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Symptoms of clover rot caused by Sclerotinia trifoliorum or S. sclerotiorum are identical, making differentiation and identification of the causal species difficult and time consuming. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and nucleotide sequencing were used to examine 40 isolates of S. trifoliorum (29 from Poland, 11 from the United States) and 55 isolates of S. sclerotiorum (26 from Poland, 29 from the United States). We determined that amplification of the β-tubulin and calmodulin genes with TU1/TU2/TU3 and SscadF1/SscadR1 PCR primers and the presence of introns and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) within the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) as detected with NS1/NS8 and internal transcribed spacer (ITS)1/ITS4 PCR primers are effective for rapidly and accurately differentiating between the two species of Sclerotinia. In addition, our research revealed a lack of intraspecies variation within S. sclerotiorum isolates from the United States and Poland using these same molecular markers. We detected a relatively high degree of intraspecies variability among isolates of S. trifoliorum from the United States and Poland using the presence of introns and SNP within the rDNA. SNP and nuclear small-subunit rDNA analyses revealed distinct groups of S. trifoliorum among the isolates used in this study. The results of this study provide useful information for clover breeders and pathologists looking to develop clover varieties with durable resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Baturo-Ciesniewska
- Department of Phytopathology and Molecular Mycology, UTP University of Science and Technology, Kordeckiego 20, 85-225 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | | | - Craig R Grau
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706
| | - David K Willis
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706
| | - Damon L Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706
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48
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Marburger DA, Smith DL, Conley SP. Revisiting Planting Date and Cultivar Effects on Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome Development and Yield Loss. Plant Dis 2016; 100:2152-2157. [PMID: 30683002 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-15-1411-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The impact of today's optimal planting dates on sudden death syndrome (SDS) (caused by Fusarium virguliforme) development and soybean yield loss are not yet well understood. Field trials established in Hancock, Wisconsin during 2013 and 2014 investigated interactions between planting date and cultivar on SDS development and soybean yield. In 2013, disease index (DX) levels differed among cultivars, but results showed no difference between the 6 May and 24 May planting dates. Significantly lower DX levels were observed for the 17 June date. Greatest yields were found in the 6 May planting date, and yield losses were 720 (17%), 770 (20%), and 400 kg ha-1 (12%) for the 6 May, 24 May, 17 and June planting dates, respectively. In 2014, cultivars again differed for DX, but results showed highest DX levels in the 5 May planting date, with little disease observed in the 22 May and 11 June dates. Yield losses were 400 (12%) and 270 kg ha-1 (9%) for the 5 May and 22 May dates, respectively, but no difference was found in the 11 June date. Despite the most symptom development, these results suggest early May planting coupled with appropriate cultivar selection provides maximum yield potential and profitability in Wisconsin.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Marburger
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Damon L Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706
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49
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Kraemer MUG, Perkins TA, Cummings DAT, Zakar R, Hay SI, Smith DL, Reiner RC. Big city, small world: density, contact rates, and transmission of dengue across Pakistan. J R Soc Interface 2016; 12:20150468. [PMID: 26468065 PMCID: PMC4614486 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2015.0468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroscopic descriptions of populations commonly assume that encounters between individuals are well mixed; i.e. each individual has an equal chance of coming into contact with any other individual. Relaxing this assumption can be challenging though, due to the difficulty of acquiring detailed knowledge about the non-random nature of encounters. Here, we fitted a mathematical model of dengue virus transmission to spatial time-series data from Pakistan and compared maximum-likelihood estimates of 'mixing parameters' when disaggregating data across an urban-rural gradient. We show that dynamics across this gradient are subject not only to differing transmission intensities but also to differing strengths of nonlinearity due to differences in mixing. Accounting for differences in mobility by incorporating two fine-scale, density-dependent covariate layers eliminates differences in mixing but results in a doubling of the estimated transmission potential of the large urban district of Lahore. We furthermore show that neglecting spatial variation in mixing can lead to substantial underestimates of the level of effort needed to control a pathogen with vaccines or other interventions. We complement this analysis with estimates of the relationships between dengue transmission intensity and other putative environmental drivers thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- M U G Kraemer
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
| | - T A Perkins
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - D A T Cummings
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - R Zakar
- Department of Public Health, University of Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - S I Hay
- Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - D L Smith
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Sanaria Institute for Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - R C Reiner
- Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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50
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Groves C, German T, Dasgupta R, Mueller D, Smith DL. Seed Transmission of Soybean vein necrosis virus: The First Tospovirus Implicated in Seed Transmission. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147342. [PMID: 26784931 PMCID: PMC4718560 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean vein necrosis virus (SVNV; genus Tospovirus; Family Bunyaviridae) is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus that has been detected across the United States and in Ontario, Canada. In 2013, a seed lot of a commercial soybean variety (Glycine max) with a high percentage of discolored, deformed and undersized seed was obtained. A random sample of this seed was planted in a growth room under standard conditions. Germination was greater than 90% and the resulting seedlings looked normal. Four composite samples of six plants each were tested by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using published primers complimentary to the S genomic segment of SVNV. Two composite leaflet samples retrieved from seedlings yielded amplicons with a size and sequence predictive of SVNV. Additional testing of twelve arbitrarily selected individual plants resulted in the identification of two SVNV positive plants. Experiments were repeated by growing seedlings from the same seed lot in an isolated room inside a thrips-proof cage to further eliminate any external source of infection. Also, increased care was taken to reduce any possible PCR contamination. Three positive plants out of forty-eight were found using these measures. Published and newly designed primers for the L and M RNAs of SVNV were also used to test the extracted RNA and strengthen the diagnosis of viral infection. In experiments, by three scientists, in two different labs all three genomic RNAs of SVNV were amplified in these plant materials. RNA-seq analysis was also conducted using RNA extracted from a composite seedling sample found to be SVNV-positive and a symptomatic sample collected from the field. This analysis revealed both sense and anti-sense reads from all three gene segments in both samples. We have shown that SVNV can be transmitted in seed to seedlings from an infected seed lot at a rate of 6%. To our knowledge this is the first report of seed-transmission of a Tospovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Groves
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, United States of America
| | - Thomas German
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, United States of America
| | - Ranjit Dasgupta
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, United States of America
| | - Daren Mueller
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, 351 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA, 50011, United States of America
| | - Damon L. Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, United States of America
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