1
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Da Silva AMPW, Mittersteiner M, Da Silva FM, D'Avila F, Nogara PA, Nogara KF, Rocha JBT, Bonacorso HG, Martins MAP, Zanatta N. Design, Synthesis, and Cholinesterase Inhibitory Activity of 4‐Substituted‐6‐(trihalomethyl)‐2‐methylsulfanyl Pyrimidines. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreia M. P. W. Da Silva
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS Brazil
| | - Mateus Mittersteiner
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS Brazil
| | - Fabio M. Da Silva
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS Brazil
| | - Fernanda D'Avila
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Toxicológica Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS Brazil
| | - Pablo A. Nogara
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Toxicológica Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS Brazil
| | - Karise F. Nogara
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Toxicológica Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS Brazil
| | - João B. T. Rocha
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Toxicológica Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS Brazil
| | - Helio G. Bonacorso
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS Brazil
| | - Marcos A. P. Martins
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS Brazil
| | - Nilo Zanatta
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS Brazil
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Yasui H, Iizuka D, Hiraoka W, Kuwabara M, Matsuda A, Inanami O. Nucleoside analogs as a radiosensitizer modulating DNA repair, cell cycle checkpoints, and apoptosis. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 39:439-452. [PMID: 31560250 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2019.1670839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The combination of low dose of radiation and an anticancer drug is a potent strategy for cancer therapy. Nucleoside analogs are known to have a radiosensitizing effects via the inhibition of DNA damage repair after irradiation. Certain types of nucleoside analogs have the inhibitory effects on RNA synthesis, but not DNA synthesis, with multiple functions in cell cycle modulation and apoptosis. In this review, the most up-to-date findings regarding radiosensitizing nucleoside analogs will be discussed, focusing especially on the mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Yasui
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Applied Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Iizuka
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Wakako Hiraoka
- Laboratory of Biophysics, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Mikinori Kuwabara
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Applied Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akira Matsuda
- Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Osamu Inanami
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Applied Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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3
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Shelton J, Lu X, Hollenbaugh JA, Cho JH, Amblard F, Schinazi RF. Metabolism, Biochemical Actions, and Chemical Synthesis of Anticancer Nucleosides, Nucleotides, and Base Analogs. Chem Rev 2016; 116:14379-14455. [PMID: 27960273 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nucleoside, nucleotide, and base analogs have been in the clinic for decades to treat both viral pathogens and neoplasms. More than 20% of patients on anticancer chemotherapy have been treated with one or more of these analogs. This review focuses on the chemical synthesis and biology of anticancer nucleoside, nucleotide, and base analogs that are FDA-approved and in clinical development since 2000. We highlight the cellular biology and clinical biology of analogs, drug resistance mechanisms, and compound specificity towards different cancer types. Furthermore, we explore analog syntheses as well as improved and scale-up syntheses. We conclude with a discussion on what might lie ahead for medicinal chemists, biologists, and physicians as they try to improve analog efficacy through prodrug strategies and drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadd Shelton
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , 1760 Haygood Drive, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Xiao Lu
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , 1760 Haygood Drive, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Joseph A Hollenbaugh
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , 1760 Haygood Drive, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Jong Hyun Cho
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , 1760 Haygood Drive, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Franck Amblard
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , 1760 Haygood Drive, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Raymond F Schinazi
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , 1760 Haygood Drive, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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Tsukamoto Y, Ohtsu N, Echizenya S, Otsuguro S, Ogura R, Natsumeda M, Isogawa M, Aoki H, Ichikawa S, Sakaitani M, Matsuda A, Maenaka K, Fujii Y, Kondo T. Chemical Screening Identifies EUrd as a Novel Inhibitor Against Temozolomide-Resistant Glioblastoma-Initiating Cells. Stem Cells 2016; 34:2016-25. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Tsukamoto
- Division of Stem Cell Biology; Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University; Sapporo Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery; Brain Research Institute, Niigata University; Niigata Japan
| | - Naoki Ohtsu
- Division of Stem Cell Biology; Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University; Sapporo Japan
| | - Smile Echizenya
- Division of Stem Cell Biology; Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University; Sapporo Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine; Sapporo Japan
| | - Satoko Otsuguro
- Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ogura
- Department of Neurosurgery; Brain Research Institute, Niigata University; Niigata Japan
| | - Manabu Natsumeda
- Department of Neurosurgery; Brain Research Institute, Niigata University; Niigata Japan
| | - Mizuho Isogawa
- Department of Neurosurgery; Brain Research Institute, Niigata University; Niigata Japan
| | - Hiroshi Aoki
- Department of Neurosurgery; Brain Research Institute, Niigata University; Niigata Japan
| | - Satoshi Ichikawa
- Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Japan
| | - Masahiro Sakaitani
- Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Japan
| | - Akira Matsuda
- Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Japan
| | - Katsumi Maenaka
- Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Japan
| | - Yukihiko Fujii
- Department of Neurosurgery; Brain Research Institute, Niigata University; Niigata Japan
| | - Toru Kondo
- Division of Stem Cell Biology; Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University; Sapporo Japan
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5
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da Silva AMPW, da Silva FM, Bonacorso HG, Frizzo CP, Martins MAP, Zanatta N. Regioselectively Controlled Synthesis of N-Substituted (Trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2(1H)-ones. J Org Chem 2016; 81:3727-34. [PMID: 27070191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A simple and regioselectively controlled method for the preparation of both 1,4- and 1,6-regioisomers of 1-substituted 4(6)-trifluoromethyl-pyrimidin-2(1H)-ones is described. Both regioisomers were synthesized from the cyclocondensation reaction of 4-substituted 1,1,1-trifluoro-4-methoxybut-3-en-2-ones: with nonsymmetric ureas for the 1-substituted 4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2(1H)-ones (1,4-isomer) and with nonsymmetric 1-substituted 2-methylisothiourea sulfates for the synthesis of 1-substituted 6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2(1H)-ones (1,6-isomer). Each method furnished only the respective isomer in very good yields. The structure of the products was assigned based on the (1)H and (13)C NMR as well as 2D HMBC spectral analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia M P W da Silva
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabio M da Silva
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Helio G Bonacorso
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Clarissa P Frizzo
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcos A P Martins
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Nilo Zanatta
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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6
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Exploring the purine core of 3'-C-ethynyladenosine (EAdo) in search of novel nucleoside therapeutics. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:1970-2. [PMID: 26965865 PMCID: PMC7126545 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of new nucleoside analogues based on a C-3 branched ethynyl sugar derivative as present in 3′-C-ethynylcytidine (ECyd) and -adenosine (EAdo), combined with modified purine bases was synthetized and evaluated against a broad array of viruses and tumour cell lines. The pronounced cytostatic activity of EAdo was confirmed. EAdo and its 2,6-diaminopurine analogue showed inhibitory activity against vaccinia virus (EC50: 0.31 and 51 μM, respectively). Derivative 10 on the other hand was found active against varicella zoster virus (EC50: 4.68 μM).
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7
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Naik SD, Chandra G, Sahu PK, Kim HR, Qu S, Yoon JS, Jeong LS. Stereo- and regio-selective synthesis of 3′-C-substituted-(N)-methanocarba adenosines as potential anticancer agents. Org Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qo00358c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of 3′-C-substituted-(N)-methanocarba adenosines using stereoselective cyclopropanation, stereoselective nucleophilic addition, regioselective isopropylidene cleavage and regioselective cyclic sulfate condensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhi D. Naik
- College of Pharmacy
- Ewha Womans University
- Seoul 03760
- Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Girish Chandra
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- Central University of Bihar
- Gaya
- India
| | - Pramod K. Sahu
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- College of Pharmacy
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Korea
| | - Hong-Rae Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- College of Pharmacy
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Korea
| | - Shuhao Qu
- College of Pharmacy
- Ewha Womans University
- Seoul 03760
- Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Ji-seong Yoon
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- College of Pharmacy
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Korea
| | - Lak Shin Jeong
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- College of Pharmacy
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Korea
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8
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Winter E, Dal Pizzol C, Filippin-Monteiro FB, Brondani P, Silva AMPW, Silva AH, Bonacorso HG, Martins MAP, Zanatta N, Creczynski-Pasa TB. Antitumoral activity of a trichloromethyl pyrimidine analogue: molecular cross-talk between intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:1040-9. [PMID: 24848672 DOI: 10.1021/tx500094x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant disorder caused by the proliferation of lymphoid progenitor cells and is the most common cancer in children. Cytotoxic nucleoside analogues are important chemotherapeutic agents, which are used in many cancers, including leukemias. In this study, we investigated the effects of the synthetic nucleoside analogue 1-(5,5,5-trichloro-2-methoxy-4-oxopenten-2-yl)-4-trichloromethyl-pyrimidin-2(1H)-one, named compound 3 or C3, on leukemia cell lines. The compound stimulated cell death by apoptosis, evidenced by DNA fragmentation, phosphatidylserine externalization, and caspase-3 activation. Compound 3 seemed to trigger several cell death pathways. The mitochondrial pathway was evidenced through a disturbance of mitochondrial membrane potential, strong cytochrome c liberation, decrease of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein expression, and caspase-9 activation. The C3 also induced caspase-8 and -12 activation, an increase in the intracellular calcium level, and an overproduction of reactive oxygen species. Increased caspase 8 activity suggests that the extrinsic pathway was activated and that the ROS production and enzyme activity alteration (glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione reductase) might be related to oxidative stress. Finally, the increase in calcium release, CHOP expression, and caspase-12 activity might characterize endoplasmic reticulum stress. Compound 3 was likewise cytotoxic to leukemic and melanoma human cell lines. Taken together, the results contribute to further understanding the new pyrimidine analogue as a potential chemotherapeutic drug or lead molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Winter
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina , 88040-900 Florianópolis SC, Brazil
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9
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10
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Clark JL, Clark CB, Mason JC. Synthesis and biological evaluation of (3'S)-3'-deoxy-3'-fluoro-3'-C-ethynylcytidine. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2012; 31:286-92. [PMID: 22444191 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2011.652753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The novel pyrimidine nucleoside, (3'S)-3'-deoxy-3'-fluoro-3'-C-ethynylcytidine (1) was synthesized from cytidine in seven steps. The key step in the synthesis was the introduction of the tertiary fluorine at the 3'-position. Compound 1 was evaluated in vitro against several RNA viruses.
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11
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Romeo R, Giofrè SV, Iaria D, Sciortino MT, Ronsisvalle S, Chiacchio MA, Scala A. Synthesis of 5-Alkynyl Isoxazolidinyl Nucleosides. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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12
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Lalot J, Tite T, Wadouachi A, Postel D, Nguyen Van Nhien A. Spiro-sulfamidate and sulfate nucleosides via 2′ and 3′-C-branched-chain sugars and nucleosides. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Shibuya M, Osada Y, Sasano Y, Tomizawa M, Iwabuchi Y. Highly Efficient, Organocatalytic Aerobic Alcohol Oxidation. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:6497-500. [DOI: 10.1021/ja110940c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Shibuya
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama 6-3, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yuji Osada
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama 6-3, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sasano
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama 6-3, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Masaki Tomizawa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama 6-3, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Iwabuchi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama 6-3, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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14
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15
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Oh CH, Yoo KH, Hong JH. Synthesis and Antiviral Evaluation of 1'-Branched-5'-Norcarbocyclic Adenosine Phosphonic Acid Analogues. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2010.31.9.2473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Synthesis and structural study of N-methyl-2-methylthiopyrimidine derivatives from trihalomethylated enones. J Heterocycl Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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18
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Zlatopolskiy BD, Morgenroth A, Kunkel FHG, Urusova EA, Dinger C, Kull T, Lepping C, Reske SN. Synthesis and Biologic Study of IV-14, a New Ribonucleoside Radiotracer for Tumor Visualization. J Nucl Med 2009; 50:1895-903. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.109.065623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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19
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Zanatta N, Faoro D, da S. Fernandes L, Brondani PB, Flores DC, Flores AFC, Bonacorso HG, Martins MAP. Comparative Study of the Chemoselectivity and Yields of the Synthesis ofN-Alkyl-4-(trihalomethyl)-1H-pyrimidin-2-ones. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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20
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Ichikawa S. [Medicinal chemistry targeting nucleosides and nucleic acids based on fine synthetic chemistry]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2008; 128:1403-30. [PMID: 18827462 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.128.1403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nucleosides and nucleotides are one of the most important elements for cells by the fact that they are components of DNAs and RNAs. In addition, they play important roles in most fundamental cellular metabolic pathways such as energy donors, second messengers, and cofactors for various enzymes. Therefore, there exists a rich source in drug discovery targeting nucleosides and nucleotides. In order to utilize nucleosides and nucleic acids on the drug development, it is very important to develop reactions and methods, by which the highly coordinating and labile nucleoside intermediates can be used. With these in mind, we have been working on synthetic nucleoside and nucleic acid chemistry. First, branched sugar nucleoside derivatives, which are potential antitumor agents, have been synthesized utilizing samarium diiodide (SmI(2)) mediated Reformatsky reaction or aldol reaction. 3'-beta-Carbamoylmethylcytidine (CAMC) was found to exhibit potent cytotoxicity against various human tumor cell lines. Synthetic methodology of the caprazamycins, which are promising antibacterial nucleoside natural products, was also developed by the strategy including beta-selective ribosylation without using a neighboring group participation. Our synthetic route provided a range of key analogues with partial structures to define the pharmacophore. Simplification of the caprazamycins was further pursued to develop diketopiperazine analogs. Medicinal chemistry of oligodeoxynucleotides has been conducted. Thus, novel triazole-linked dumbbell oligodeoxynucleotides and modular bent oligodeoxynucleotides were synthesized. They exhibit excellent binding affinity to NF-kappaB or HMGB1 A-box protein, which are important therapeutic targets. Therefore, the results obtained conclusively demonstrated these oligodeoxynucleotides could be proposed as powerful decoy molecules.
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Lolk L, Pøhlsgaard J, Jepsen AS, Hansen LH, Nielsen H, Steffansen SI, Sparving L, Nielsen AB, Vester B, Nielsen P. A click chemistry approach to pleuromutilin conjugates with nucleosides or acyclic nucleoside derivatives and their binding to the bacterial ribosome. J Med Chem 2008; 51:4957-67. [PMID: 18680270 DOI: 10.1021/jm800261u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pleuromutilin and its derivatives are antibacterial drugs that inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria by binding to ribosomes. To promote rational design of pleuromutilin based drugs, 19 pleuromutilin conjugates with different nucleoside fragments as side chain extensions were synthesized by a click chemistry protocol. Binding was assessed by chemical footprinting of nucleotide U2506 in 23S rRNA, and all conjugates bind to varying degree reflecting their binding affinity to the peptidyl transferase center. The side chain extensions also show various protections at position U2585. Docking studies of the conjugates with the highest affinities support the conclusion that despite the various conjugations, the pleuomutilin skeleton binds in the same binding pocket. The conjugated triazole moiety is well accommodated, and the nucleobases are placed in different pockets in the 50S ribosomal subunit. The derivative showing the highest affinity and a significantly better binding than pleuromutilin itself contains an adenine-9-ylpropylene triazole conjugate to pleuromutilin C-22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Lolk
- Nucleic Acid Center, Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
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22
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Pei X, Choi WJ, Kim YM, Zhao LX, Jeong LS. Synthesis of 3′-C-hydroxymethyl-substituted pyrimidine and purine nucleosides as potential anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) agents. Arch Pharm Res 2008; 31:843-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-001-1236-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2008] [Revised: 03/04/2008] [Accepted: 07/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Ichikawa S. Fine Synthetic Nucleoside Chemistry Based on Nucleoside Natural Products Synthesis. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2008; 56:1059-72. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.56.1059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Adamo MFA, Pergoli R. Studies on the Generation of Unnatural C-Nucleosides with 1-Alkynyl-2-deoxy-d-riboses. Org Lett 2007; 9:4443-6. [PMID: 17910462 DOI: 10.1021/ol701794u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
1-alkynyl-2-deoxy-D-riboses 7 and 8 were independently synthesized and subsequently used to generate several novel C-nucleosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro F A Adamo
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology (CSCB), Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland.
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Lazrek HB, Rochdi A, Engels JW. Synthesis of 5′-Ethynyl-2′-deoxynucleoside Analogues as Building Block for Antisense Oligonucleotide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/07328319908044684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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26
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HSAB-driven chemoselective N1-alkylation of pyrimidine bases and their 4-methoxy- or 4-acetylamino-derivatives. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.04.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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27
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Li Q, Shi M, Timmons C, Li G. FeCl3-Catalyzed Aminohalogenation of Arylmethylenecyclopropanes and Arylvinylidenecyclopropanes and Corresponding Mechanistic Studies. Org Lett 2006; 8:625-8. [PMID: 16468727 DOI: 10.1021/ol052806f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] The aminochlorination of methylenecyclopropanes (MCPs) 1 and vinylidenecyclopropanes (VCPs) has been explored with use of FeCl(3) (20 mol %) as a Lewis acid catalyst in acetonitrile under convenient mild conditions. The stereochemistry has been unambiguously confirmed by X-ray structural analysis. The aziridinium-based mechanism, accounting for both regio- and stereoselectivity, has been carefully studied. A linear free-energy relationship study of this reaction confirms consistency with the Hammet equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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28
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Ichikawa S, Minakawa N, Shuto S, Tanaka M, Sasaki T, Matsuda A. Synthesis of 3′-β-carbamoylmethylcytidine (CAMC) and its derivatives as potential antitumor agents. Org Biomol Chem 2006; 4:1284-96. [PMID: 16557317 DOI: 10.1039/b517602f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
3'-beta-Carbamoylmethylcytidine (CAMC) and its derivatives were synthesized using an intramolecular Reformatsky-type reaction promoted by SmI2 as the key step. In vitro tumor cell growth inhibitory activity was evaluated and CAMC was found to exhibit potent cytotoxicity against various human tumor cell lines. From a structure-activity relationship study it was postulated that the cytotoxic mechanism of action of CAMC did not require phosphorylation at the 5'-hydroxyl group. This study provides a novel strategy for the development of a new type of antitumor nucleoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Ichikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi 6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
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29
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Hrdlicka PJ, Andersen NK, Jepsen JS, Hansen FG, Haselmann KF, Nielsen C, Wengel J. Synthesis and biological evaluation of branched and conformationally restricted analogs of the anticancer compounds 3'-C-ethynyluridine (EUrd) and 3'-C-ethynylcytidine (ECyd). Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:2597-621. [PMID: 15755661 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2004] [Revised: 01/13/2005] [Accepted: 01/18/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of branched and conformationally restricted analogs of the anticancer nucleosides 3'-C-ethynyluridine (EUrd) and 3'-C-ethynylcytidine (ECyd) is presented. Molecular modeling and (1)H NMR coupling constant analysis revealed that the furanose rings of all analogs except the LNA analog are conformationally biased towards South conformation, and are thus mimicking the structure of ECyd. All target nucleosides were devoid of anti-HIV or anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Hrdlicka
- Nucleic Acid Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
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30
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Franchetti P, Cappellacci L, Pasqualini M, Petrelli R, Vita P, Jayaram HN, Horvath Z, Szekeres T, Grifantini M. Antitumor Activity of C-Methyl-β-d-ribofuranosyladenine Nucleoside Ribonucleotide Reductase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2005; 48:4983-9. [PMID: 16033277 DOI: 10.1021/jm048944c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of adenosine derivatives substituted at the 1'-, 2'-, or 3'-position of the ribose ring with a methyl group was synthesized and evaluated for antitumor activity. From this study 3'-C-methyladenosine (3'-Me-Ado) emerged as the most active compound, showing activity against human myelogenous leukemia K562, multidrug resistant human leukemia K562IU, human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60, human colon carcinoma HT-29, and human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cell lines with IC(50) values ranging from 11 to 38 muM. Structure-activity relationship studies showed that the structure of 3'-Me-Ado is crucial for the activity. Substitution of a hydrogen atom of the N(6)-amino group with a small alkyl or cycloalkyl group, the introduction of a chlorine atom in the 2-position of the purine ring, or the moving of the methyl group from the 3'-position to other ribose positions brought about a decrease or loss of antitumor activity. The antiproliferative activity of 3'-Me-Ado appears to be related to its ability to deplete both intracellular purine and pyrimidine deoxynucleotides through ribonucleotide reductase inhibition.
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31
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Hrdlicka PJ, Jepsen JS, Nielsen C, Wengel J. Synthesis and biological evaluation of nucleobase-modified analogs of the anticancer compounds 3′-C-ethynyluridine (EUrd) and 3′-C-ethynylcytidine (ECyd). Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:1249-60. [PMID: 15670934 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2004] [Accepted: 11/26/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of nucleobase-modified analogs of the anticancer compounds 3'-C-ethynyluridine (EUrd) and 3'-C-ethynylcytidine (ECyd) were designed to overcome the strict substrate specificity of the activating uridine-cytidine kinase. EUrd, ECyd and target nucleosides were obtained using a short convergent synthetic route utilizing diacetone-alpha-D-glucose as starting material. 5-Iodo-substituted EUrd was the most potent inhibitor among the novel nucleobase-modified analogs in in vitro assays against human adenocarcinoma breast and prostate cancer cells with IC50 values down to 35 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Hrdlicka
- Nucleic Acid Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
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32
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Matsuda A, Sasaki T. Antitumor activity of sugar-modified cytosine nucleosides. Cancer Sci 2004; 95:105-11. [PMID: 14965358 PMCID: PMC11159627 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2004.tb03189.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2003] [Revised: 12/19/2003] [Accepted: 12/22/2003] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleoside analogues which show antimetabolic activity in cells have been successfully used in the treatment of various tumors. Nucleosides such as 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (araC), 6-mercaptopurine, fludarabine and cladribine play an important role in the treatment of leukemias, while gemcitabine, 5-fluorouracil and its prodrugs are used extensively in the treatment of many types of solid tumors. All of these compounds are metabolized similarly to endogenous nucleosides and nucleotides. Active metabolites interfere with the de novo synthesis of nucleosides and nucleotides or inhibit the DNA chain elongation after being incorporated into the DNA strand as terminators. Furthermore, nucleoside antimetabolites incorporated into the DNA strand induce strand-breaks and finally cause apoptosis. Nucleoside antimetabolites target one or more specific enzyme(s). The mode of inhibitory action on the target enzyme is not always similar even among nucleoside antimetabolites which have the same nucleoside base, such as araC and gemcitabine. Although both nucleosides are phosphorylated by deoxycytidine kinase and are also good substrates of cytidine deaminase, only gemcitabine shows antitumor activity against solid tumors. This suggests that differences in the pharmacological activity of these nucleoside antimetabolites may reflect different modes of action on target molecules. The design, in vitro cytotoxicity, in vivo antitumor activity, metabolism and mechanism of action of sugar-modified cytosine nucleosides, such as (2'S)-2'-deoxy-2'-C-methylcytidine (SMDC), 1-(2-deoxy-2-methylene-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)cytosine (DMDC), 1-(2-C-cyano-2-deoxy-1-beta-D-arabino-pentofuranosyl)cytosine (CNDAC) and 1-(3-C-ethynyl-beta-D-ribo-pentofura-nosyl)cytosine (ECyd), developed by our groups, are discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Matsuda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
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33
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Sukeda M, Ichikawa S, Matsuda A, Shuto S. The first radical method for the introduction of an ethynyl group using a silicon tether and its application to the synthesis of 2'-deoxy-2'-C-ethynylnucleosides. J Org Chem 2003; 68:3465-75. [PMID: 12713347 DOI: 10.1021/jo0206667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel radical method for the stereoselective introduction of an ethynyl group has been developed. When a solution of ethynyldimethylsilyl (EDMS) or [2-(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl]dimethylsilyl (TEDMS) ethers of trans-2-iodoindanol was treated with Et(3)B followed by tetrabutylammonium fluoride in toluene, atom transfer 5-exo-cyclization and subsequent elimination occurred to give cis-2-ethynylindanol in high yield. The method was shown to be useful in the introduction of an ethynyl group in various five- and six-membered-ring iodohydrins. Furthermore, 2'-deoxy-2'-C-ethynyluridine (6) and -cytidine (7), which were designed as novel antimetabolites, were readily synthesized by using this method as the key step. This would be the first example in which a radical reaction was used for introducing an ethynyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Sukeda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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34
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Nomura M, Sato T, Washinosu M, Tanaka M, Asao T, Shuto S, Matsuda A. Nucleosides and nucleotides. Part 212: Practical large-scale synthesis of 1-(3-C-ethynyl-β-d-ribo-pentofuranosyl)cytosine (ECyd), a potent antitumor nucleoside. Isobutyryloxy group as an efficient anomeric leaving group in the Vorbrüggen glycosylation reaction. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)01249-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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35
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Minakawa N, Kaga D, Kato Y, Endo K, Tanaka M, Sasaki T, Matsuda A. Synthesis and structural elucidation of 1-(3-C-ethynyl-4-thio-β-D-ribofuranosyl)cytosine (4′-thioECyd). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1039/b204993g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Dauvergne J, Burger A, Biellmann JF. Preparation of 1-(3-C-(propa-1,2-dienyl)-D-ribo-pentofuranosyl)uracil, an allenic nucleoside. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2001; 20:1775-81. [PMID: 11719991 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-100107189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The Crabbé reaction was extended to the preparation of C-3'-allenyl-uridine. The effects of solvent and protecting group on the reaction were studied. The conversion in refluxing dioxan of disilyl either 3 proceeds to the corresponding allenic nucleoside 7; whereas, in refluxing THF the Mannich base 5 was obtained. Fully deprotected Mannich base and allenic uridines 6 and 9 were tested for their antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dauvergne
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Biologique Associé au CNRS, Faculté de Chimie, Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France
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37
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Kodama T, Shuto S, Nomura M, Matsuda A. An efficient method for the preparation of 1'alpha-branched-chain sugar pyrimidine ribonucleosides from uridine: the first conversion of a natural nucleoside into 1'-substituted ribonucleosides. Chemistry 2001; 7:2332-40. [PMID: 11446636 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3765(20010601)7:11<2332::aid-chem23320>3.0.co;2-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The 1'alpha-phenylselenouridine derivative 13 was successfully synthesized by enolization of the 3',5'-O-TIPDS-2'-ketouridine 8, and was subjected to a radical reaction with a vinylsilyl tether--an efficient procedure for preparing 1'alpha-branched-chain sugar pyrimidine nucleosides. Successive treatment of 8 with LiHMDS and PhSeCl in THF at < -70 degrees C gave the desired 1'-phenylseleno products in 85% yield as an anomeric mixture of the 1'alpha-product 11 and the 1'beta-product 12 (11/12= 2.5:1). Highly stereoselective reduction at the 2'-carbonyl of the 1'alpha-product 11 occurred from the beta-face by using NaBH4/CeCl3 in MeOH, and subsequent introduction of a dimethylvinylsilyl tether at the 2'-hydroxyl gave the radical reaction substrate 14. The photochemical radical atom-transfer reaction of 14 by using a high-pressure mercury lamp proceeded effectively in benzene to give the exo-cyclized PhSe-transferred product 18, in which (PhSe)2 proved to be essential as an additive for radical atom-transfer cyclization reactions. Subsequent phenylseleno-group elimination of 18 gave the sugar-protected 1'alpha-vinyluridine. With this procedure, 1'alpha-vinyluridine (22) and -cytidine (25), designed to be potential antitumor agents, were successfully synthesized. This study is the first example of functionalization at the anomeric 1'-position of a nucleoside by starting from a natural nucleoside to produce a ribo-type 1'-modified nucleoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kodama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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38
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Azuma A, Matsuda A, Sasaki T, Fukushima M. 1-(3-C-ethynyl-beta-D-ribo-pentofuranosyl)cytosine (ECyd, TAS-106)1: antitumor effect and mechanism of action. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2001; 20:609-19. [PMID: 11563078 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-100002337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The antitumor activity, cellular metabolism and mechanism of action of the antitumor nucleoside analog, 1-(3-C-ethynyl-beta-D-ribo-pentofuranosyl)cytosine (ECyd) are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Azuma
- Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hanno 357-8527, Saitama, Japan
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39
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Wnuk SF, Valdez CA, Valdez NX. RHODIUM(I)-CATALYZED REGIO- AND STEREOSELECTIVE CHLOROESTERIFICATION OF FURANOSE-DERIVED TERMINAL ALKYNES WITH ETHYL CHLOROFORMATE. J Carbohydr Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1081/car-100102544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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40
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Gunic E, Girardet JL, Pietrzkowski Z, Esler C, Wang G. Synthesis and cytotoxicity of 4'-C- and 5'-C-substituted toyocamycins. Bioorg Med Chem 2001; 9:163-70. [PMID: 11197336 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(00)00221-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Toyocamycin and some analogues have shown potent antitumor activities; however, none of them could be used clinically primarily owing to their cytotoxicity to normal human cells. In order to overcome the weakness of these nucleoside analogues, substitution of a variety of modified sugars for the ribofuranose was explored in our laboratories with expectation that certain sugar-modified toyocamycin analogues may be selectively cytotoxic to cancer cells. In this article, we report synthesis and cytotoxicity of 4'-C- and 5'-C-substituted toyocamycins, which were prepared via the condensations of 4-C- and 5-C-substituted ribofuranose derivatives 11, 12, 13, 20, 21, and 26 with the silylated form of 4-amino-6-bromo-5-cyanopyrrolo[2,3-]pyrimidine (27) and subsequent debromination and debenzoylation. When compared to the parent toyocamycin, all these analogues showed much lower cytotoxicity to human prostate cancer cells (HTB-81), mouse melanoma cancer cells (B16) as well as normal human fibroblasts. Compound 1e showed a significant cytotoxicity to the prostate cancer cells and a moderate selectivity. The results suggested that sugar modifications, especially those that may affect phosphorylation of nucleosides, could alter cytotoxicity profile significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gunic
- Chemistry Laboratories, ICN Phartmaceuticals. Inc., Costa Mesa, California 92626, USA
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41
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Sukeda M, Shuto S, Sugimoto I, Ichikawa S, Matsuda A. Synthesis of pyrimidine 2'-deoxy ribonucleosides branched at the 2'-position via radical atom-transfer cyclization reaction with a vinylsilyl group as a radical-acceptor tether. J Org Chem 2000; 65:8988-96. [PMID: 11149841 DOI: 10.1021/jo000967l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we developed a regio- and stereoselective method for introducing a vinyl group at the position beta to a hydroxyl group in halohydrins or alpha-phenylselenoalkanols via a radical atom-transfer cyclization reaction with a vinylsilyl group as a temporary connecting radical-acceptor tether. The synthesis of 2'-deoxy-2'-C-vinyl- and 2'-deoxy-2'-C-hydroxymethyluridines (7 and 8, respectively) and the corresponding 2'-deoxycytidine congeners (10 and 11, respectively), which were designed as potential antitumor and/or antiviral agents, was achieved using this radical atom-transfer cyclization as the key step. When the 2'-deoxy-2'-iodo-5'-O-monomethoxytrityl (MMTr) uridine derivative 19a, bearing a vinylsilyl group at the 3'-hydroxyl group, was heated with (Me(3)Sn)(2) and AIBN in benzene, the corresponding radical atom-transfer product was generated, which in turn was successively treated with tetrabutylammonium fluoride and TBSCl/imidazole to give the desired 2'-deoxy-5'-O-MMTr-3'-O-TBS-2'-C-vinyluridine (25). Compound 25 was successfully converted into the target 2'-deoxy-2'-branched pyrimidine ribonucleosides 7, 8, 10, and 11.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sukeda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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42
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Tritsch D, Jung PM, Burger A, Biellmann JF. 3'-Beta-ethynyl and 2'-deoxy-3'-beta-ethynyl adenosines: first 3'-beta-branched-adenosines substrates of adenosine deaminase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:139-41. [PMID: 10673097 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00639-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The 3'-C-branched-adenosine and 2'-deoxyadenosine analogues 1-7 were tested as substrate of adenosine deaminase. The 9-(3'-C-ethynyl-beta-D-ribo-pentofuranosyl)adenine 1 and its 2'-deoxy analogue 7 were deaminated by the enzyme while the vinyl and ethyl derivatives 2 and 3 were not. The 9-(3'-C-branched-beta-D-xylo-pentofuranosyl)adenines 4-6 were deaminated by the deaminase.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Tritsch
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Biologique UMR 7509 du CNRS, Université Louis Pasteur, Faculté de Chimie, Strasbourg, France.
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43
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Nomura M, Shuto S, Tanaka M, Sasaki T, Mori S, Shigeta S, Matsuda A. Nucleosides and nucleotides. 185. Synthesis and biological activities of 4'alpha-C-branched-chain sugar pyrimidine nucleosides. J Med Chem 1999; 42:2901-8. [PMID: 10425099 DOI: 10.1021/jm990050i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of 4'alpha-C-branched-chain pyrimidine nucleosides was synthesized from 2'-deoxycytidine or uridine. In the 2'-deoxycytidine series, the substituent at the 4'alpha-position affected cytotoxicity against L1210 mouse leukemic cells in vitro in the order Me (23) > CN (22) > C(symbol)CH (21) > CH=CH(2) (19) > Et (24) > CH=CHCl (20). However, uridine and cytidine derivatives with ethynyl and cyano groups at the 4'alpha-position did not show any cytotoxicity. The antiviral activities of these nucleosides against HSV-1, HSV-2, and HIV-1 in vitro were also examined. Compounds 22 and 23 showed antiviral activities against HSV-1 and HSV-2 without showing significant toxicity to the host cells (MRC-5 cells). Although almost all of the nucleosides showed anti-HIV-1 activities, they were also cytotoxic to the host cells (MT-4).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nomura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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44
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Matsuda A, Fukushima M, Wataya Y, Sasaki T. A new antitumor nucleoside, 1-(3-C-ethynyl-beta-D-ribo-pentofuranosyl)cytosine (ECyd), is a potent inhibitor of RNA synthesis. NUCLEOSIDES & NUCLEOTIDES 1999; 18:811-4. [PMID: 10432683 DOI: 10.1080/15257779908041568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The antitumor activity, metabolism, and mechanism of action of a newly developed antitumor nucleoside, 1-(3-C-Ethynyl-beta-D-ribo-pentofuranosyl)cytosine (ECyd) are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Matsuda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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45
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Ogawa A, Tanaka M, Sasaki T, Matsuda A. Nucleosides and nucleotides. 180. Synthesis and antitumor activity of nucleosides that have a hydroxylamino group instead of a hydroxyl group at the 2'- or 3'-position of the sugar moiety. J Med Chem 1998; 41:5094-107. [PMID: 9836625 DOI: 10.1021/jm980466g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of potential antitumor antimetabolites 2'-deoxy-2'-(hydroxylamino)uridine (15), -cytidine (19, 2'-DHAC), and -adenosine (35), their regioisomers, 3'-deoxy-3'-(hydroxylamino)uridine (40) and -cytidine (45, 3'-DHAC), and their 2'-deoxy analogues, 2', 3'-dideoxy-3'-(hydroxylamino)uridine (49) and -cytidine (52, 3'-dDHAC), are described. We measured the pKa values of the hydroxylamino group in 15 and 40 using 13C NMR spectroscopy as a function of pH to be 2.9 and 3.4, respectively. We also found that these nucleosides gradually decomposed in neutral solution but not in acidic solution. This decomposition may be related to the generation of aminoxy radicals at the sugar moiety. The in vitro cytotoxicity of these nucleosides was evaluated using L1210 and KB cells. 2'-DHAC (19) inhibited the growth of L1210 and KB cells, with IC50 values of 1.58 and 1.99 microM, respectively. 3'-DHAC (45) and 3'-dDHAC (52) were also cytotoxic against L1210 cells, with IC50 values of 4.03 and 1.84 microM, respectively, but not against KB cells. The cytotoxicity of 2'-DHAC (19) and 3'-DHAC (45) against L1210 cells in vitro was reversed by the addition of cytidine, while that of 3'-dDHAC (52) was reversed by 2'-deoxycytidine. 2'-DHAC (19) and 3'-dDHAC (52) mainly inhibited DNA synthesis in L1210 cells, while 3'-DHAC (45) inhibited RNA synthesis. We also evaluated the antitumor activities of 2'-DHAC (19) and 3'-DHAC (45) against murine Meth-A fibrosarcoma cells in vivo. 2'-DHAC (19) was more active than 3'-DHAC (45) when administered intravenously on days 1-10 consecutively at 10 mg/kg/day. 2'-DHAC (19) inhibited tumor growth at a rate of 66.9%.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ogawa
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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