1
|
Malki Y, Martinez J, Masurier N. 1,3-Diazepine: A privileged scaffold in medicinal chemistry. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:2247-2315. [PMID: 33645848 DOI: 10.1002/med.21795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Privileged structures have been widely used as effective templates for drug discovery. While benzo-1,4-diazepine constitutes the first historical example of such a structure, the 1,3 analogue is just as rich in terms of applications in medicinal chemistry. The 1,3-diazepine moiety is present in numerous biological active compounds including natural products, and is used to design compounds displaying a large range of biological activities. It is present in the clinically used anticancer compound pentostatin, in several recent FDA approved β-lactamase inhibitors (e.g., avibactam) and also in coformycin, a natural product known as a ring-expanded purine analogue displaying antiviral and anticancer activities. Several other 1,3-diazepine containing compounds have entered into clinical trials. This heterocyclic structure has been and is still widely used in medicinal chemistry to design enzyme inhibitors, GPCR ligands, and so forth. This review endeavours to highlight the main use of the 1,3-diazepine scaffold and its derivatives, and their applications in medicinal chemistry, drug design, and therapy. We will focus more particularly on the development of enzyme inhibitors incorporating this scaffold, with a strong emphasis on the molecular interactions involved in the inhibition mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Malki
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean Martinez
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Masurier
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ishikawa F, Hirano A, Yoshimori Y, Nishida K, Nakamura S, Takashima K, Marumoto S, Ninomiya K, Nakanishi I, Xie W, Morikawa T, Muraoka O, Tanabe G. Ligand compatibility of salacinol-type α-glucosidase inhibitors toward the GH31 family. RSC Adv 2021; 11:3221-3225. [PMID: 35424309 PMCID: PMC8694024 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10038b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We show that salacinol-type α-glucosidase inhibitors are ligand-compatible with the GH 31 family. Salacinol and its 3′-O-benzylated analogs inhibit human lysosomal α-glucosidase at submicromolar levels. Simple structure-activity relationship studies reveal that the salacinol side-chain stereochemistry significantly influences binding to GH31 α-glucosidases. Salacinol-type α-glucosidase inhibitors are ligand-compatible with the GH 31 family. Salacinol and its 3′-O-benzylated analogs inhibit human lysosomal α-glucosidase at submicromolar levels.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiro Ishikawa
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University 3-4-1 Kowakae Higashi-Osaka Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Aiko Hirano
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University 3-4-1 Kowakae Higashi-Osaka Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Yuuto Yoshimori
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University 3-4-1 Kowakae Higashi-Osaka Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Kana Nishida
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University 3-4-1 Kowakae Higashi-Osaka Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Shinya Nakamura
- Computational Drug Design and Discovery Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University 3-4-1 Kowakae Higashi-Osaka Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Katsuki Takashima
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University 3-4-1 Kowakae Higashi-Osaka Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Shinsuke Marumoto
- Joint Research Center, Kindai University 3-4-1 Kowakae Higashi-Osaka Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Ninomiya
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University 3-4-1 Kowakae Higashi-Osaka Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Isao Nakanishi
- Computational Drug Design and Discovery Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University 3-4-1 Kowakae Higashi-Osaka Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Weijia Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 2100009 P. R. China
| | - Toshio Morikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University 3-4-1 Kowakae Higashi-Osaka Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Osamu Muraoka
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University 3-4-1 Kowakae Higashi-Osaka Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Genzoh Tanabe
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University 3-4-1 Kowakae Higashi-Osaka Osaka 577-8502 Japan.,Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University 3-4-1 Kowakae Higashi-Osaka Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Anti-obesity effect with reduced adverse effect of the co-administration of mini-tablets containing orlistat and mini-tablets containing xanthan gum: In vitro and in vivo evaluation. Int J Pharm 2020; 591:119998. [PMID: 33115696 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop an oral dosage form of orlistat for the treatment of obesity with reduced adverse effects, for example, fatty and oily stool that have been reported to be associated with the mechanism of action of orlistat. Based on the in vitro results obtained in this study, xanthan gum was selected as an oil-entrapping agent. Thus, the co-administration of mini-tablets containing orlistat and mini-tablets containing xanthan gum was proposed as the optimized dosage form for orlistat. The prepared mini-tablets showed an equivalent drug release profile with a similarity factor value, f2, more than 50 to that of commercially marketed orlistat immediate-release capsules, Xenical® capsules. In addition, the optimized formulation also showed the in vivo anti-obesity effects similar to those of Xenical® capsules. In particular, the analysis of feces excreted by Sprague-Dawley rats revealed that the optimized formulation resulted in significantly less oily stool, steatorrhea, than Xenical® capsules (P < 0.05). Consequently, the proposed formulation, the co-administration of mini-tablets containing orlistat and mini-tablets containing xanthan gum, may be considered as a promising anti-obesity treatment with reduced adverse effects related to orlistat.
Collapse
|
4
|
Gao Y, Cao Z, Zhang Q, Guo R, Ding F, You Q, Bi J, Zhang Y. Total Synthesis of the Proposed Structure of Penasulfate A: l-Arabinose as a Source of Chirality. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:1908-1916. [PMID: 31241928 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The total synthesis of putative penasulfate A was effectively achieved by a convergent strategy with a longest linear sequence of 14 steps and overall yield of 8.6%. The highlights of our strategy involved an E-selective olefin cross-metathesis, Suzuki cross-coupling, and a copper(I)-catalyzed coupling reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangguang Gao
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research , Jianghan University , Wuhan 430056 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Cao
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research , Jianghan University , Wuhan 430056 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research , Jianghan University , Wuhan 430056 , People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Guo
- Institute of Environment and Health , Jianghan University , Wuhan 430056 , People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Ding
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research , Jianghan University , Wuhan 430056 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qingliang You
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education , Jianghan University , Wuhan 430056 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Bi
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Henan Normal University , Xinxiang 453007 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232 CNRS , Sorbonne Université , Paris 75005 , France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu D, Xie W, Liu L, Xu J, Yao H, Tanabe G, Muraoka O, Wu X. Practical Synthesis of Neoponkoranol and its Related Sulfonium Salt, an Optimised Protocol using Isopropylidene as an Effective Protecting Group. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3184/174751913x13823645011477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Weijia Xie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Long Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Jinyi Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Hequan Yao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Genzoh Tanabe
- School of Pharmacy, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Osamu Muraoka
- School of Pharmacy, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Xiaoming Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Antiradical, antimicrobial and enzyme inhibition evaluation of sulfonamide derived esters; synthesis, X-Ray analysis and DFT studies. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.07.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
7
|
Sun J, Dong S, Wu Y, Zhao H, Li X, Gao W. Inhibitor discovery from pomegranate rind for targeting human salivary α-amylase. Med Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-018-2164-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
8
|
Zukerman-Schpector J, Soto-Monsalve M, De Almeida Santos RH, Garcia ALL, Correia CRD, Jotani MM, Tiekink ERT. (4-Nitro-phen-yl)methyl 2,3-di-hydro-1 H-pyrrole-1-carboxyl-ate: crystal structure and Hirshfeld analysis. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2018; 74:371-375. [PMID: 29765726 PMCID: PMC5947806 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989018002451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C12H12N2O4, the di-hydro-pyrrole ring is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0049 Å) and is nearly coplanar with the adjacent C2O2 residue [dihedral angle = 4.56 (9)°], which links to the 4-nitro-benzene substituent [dihedral angle = 4.58 (8)°]. The mol-ecule is concave, with the outer rings lying to the same side of the central C2O2 residue and being inclined to each other [dihedral angle = 8.30 (7)°]. In the crystal, supra-molecular layers parallel to (10-5) are sustained by nitro-benzene-C-H⋯O(carbon-yl) and pyrrole-C-H⋯O(nitro) inter-actions. The layers are connected into a three-dimensional architecture by π(pyrrole)-π(nitro-benzene) stacking [inter-centroid separation = 3.7414 (10) Å] and nitro-O⋯π(pyrrole) inter-actions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julio Zukerman-Schpector
- Laboratório de Cristalografia, Esterodinâmica e Modelagem Molecular, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Monica Soto-Monsalve
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ariel L. L. Garcia
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, CP 6154, CEP. 13084-971, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roque D. Correia
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, CP 6154, CEP. 13084-971, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mukesh M. Jotani
- Department of Physics, Bhavan’s Sheth R. A. College of Science, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380 001, India
| | - Edward R. T. Tiekink
- Centre for Crystalline Materials, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ibrar A, Zaib S, Khan I, Shafique Z, Saeed A, Iqbal J. New prospects for the development of selective inhibitors of α -glucosidase based on coumarin-iminothiazolidinone hybrids: Synthesis, in-vitro biological screening and molecular docking analysis. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2017.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
10
|
Sun J, Dong S, Wu Y, Zhao H, Li X, Gao W. Oleanolic acid and ursolic acid as potential inhibitors of human salivary α-amylase: insights from in vitro assays and in silico simulations. J Mol Model 2017; 23:248. [PMID: 28766112 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-017-3416-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
It is known that inhibiting α-amylase, an important enzyme in digestion of starch and glycogen, is a useful strategy for treating disorders in carbohydrate uptake. Two natural components distributed in many fruits and plants, oleanolic acid and ursolic acid, are endowed with important pharmacological activities and wide therapeutic possibilities. Until now, only a tiny fraction of their applications have been identified and exploited. Our in vitro inhibition studies demonstrated that oleanolic acid and ursolic acid non-competitively inhibit the activity and function of human salivary α-amylase. The molecular simulations revealed that oleanolic acid and ursolic acid interact with amino acid residues within the binding pocket of human salivary α-amylase, among which the side chain of Arg195 and Asp 197 was supposed to be important in imparting the inhibitory activity of triterpenoids. The present work will provide meaningful information for future development of functional drugs for the treatment of disorders in carbohydrate metabolism. Graphical abstract This work is valuable for providing a deeper insight into the interaction mechanism of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid with α-amylase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Sun
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Shengjie Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yueting Wu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Physics, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Xia Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Structure-Activity Relationships ofN-Cinnamoyl and Hydroxycinnamoyl Amides onα-Glucosidase Inhibition. J CHEM-NY 2017. [DOI: 10.1155/2017/6080129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is an increasing interest towardsα-glucosidase inhibition of various diseases including diabetes mellitus type 2, cancer, HIV, and B- and C-type viral hepatitis. Cinnamic acid derivatives have been shown to be potentially valuable as a new group ofα-glucosidase inhibitors. Therefore, herein, theα-glucosidase inhibitory activity oftrans-N-cinnamoyl and hydroxycinnamoyl amides was studied in vitro. Results revealed that the tested hydroxycinnamoyl amides (1–16) inhibiteda-glucosidase with IC50s ranging between 0.76 and 355.1 μg/ml. Compounds1,2,5,6,9,14, and15showed significant inhibition of yeastα-glucosidase, being even more potent ones than the used positive inhibitor acarbose (IC50=2.50±0.21 μg/ml).
Collapse
|
12
|
Synthesis of 3-acyloxyxanthone derivatives as α-glucosidase inhibitors: A further insight into the 3-substituents’ effect. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:1431-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
13
|
de Oliveira MH, Ferreira PCL, Carlos G, Salazar FR, Bergold AM, Pechansky F, Limberger RP, Fröehlich PE. Validation and application of a liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometric method for determination of mazindol in human plasma and urine. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2016; 79:1-6. [PMID: 26718151 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Even after removal of some stimulants, like fenproporex, amfepramone and mazindol, from Brazilian market, the use of these substances is still high, especially by drivers. Mazindol is the second most used anorectic agent in the world acting as an indirect sympathomimetic agonist, having stimulatory action on central nervous system. Plasma is a good matrix to monitor since it reflects the psychomotor effects of these drugs, but unlike urine has an invasive collection; drug levels and detection time are quite low. METHOD The method involved a liquid-liquid extraction of the samples and a LC-MS analysis was fully validated. Method was used to analyze samples of urine and plasma collected from health volunteers in a period of 24h. Metabolite of mazindol was synthesized using alkaline conditions. RESULTS After validation the method proved to be adequate to analyze samples collected from health volunteers. Method was linear in the concentration range of 0.1-10ng/mL (r=0.9982) for plasma and 5-50ng/mL (r=0.9973) for urine. DISCUSSION Analysis of the samples showed that mazindol can be detected after 1h of administration and that concentration levels in urine were always higher than in plasma. Mazindol metabolite was detected only in urine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Herbstrith de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Pâmela Cristina Lukasewicz Ferreira
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.
| | - Graciela Carlos
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Fernanda Rodrigues Salazar
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Ana Maria Bergold
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Flavio Pechansky
- Centro de Pesquisas Álcool e Drogas (CPAD), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Álvaro Alvim, 400, 90420-020 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Renata Pereira Limberger
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Pedro Eduardo Fröehlich
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Chen J, Pu Y, Pei H, He L, Fu S, Chen L. Synthesis and biological evaluation of tert-butyl-5-methylpyrimidin-piperazine derivatives as anti-obesity agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2014; 347:908-22. [PMID: 25220533 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201400227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of tert-butyl-5-methylpyrimidin-piperazine derivatives were synthesized and their anti-obesity activities were evaluated. Compounds 4g and 5j were found to have significant effects in down-regulating the triglyceride level of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. 5j exhibited remarkable therapeutic effects on the diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model at 20 mg kg(-1) day(-1) for 4 weeks by decreasing the weights of body, liver, and fat. 5j also regulated serum biomarkers to appropriate ranges, exerted therapeutic activity of steatosis in liver tissue and ameliorated the obese-related symptoms. In addition, 5j significantly decreased the blood glucose levels in oral glucose tolerance tests and improved the insulin sensitivity in insulin tolerance tests. These results suggest that 5j could be a candidate for obesity treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
A new phenylpropanoid and an alkylglycoside from Piper retrofractum leaves with their antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:4120-4. [PMID: 25127165 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Two new compounds, piperoside (1) and isoheptanol 2(S)-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl (1→6)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (11), along with 10 known compounds 3,4-dihydroxyallylbenzene (2), 1,2-di-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-4-allylbenzene (3), tachioside (4), benzyl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), icariside F2 (6), dihydrovomifoliol-3'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), isopropyl O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8), isopropyl primeveroside (9), n-butyl O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10), isoheptanol 2(S)-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (12), were isolated from the leaves of Piper retrofractum. Their structures were determined from 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR, and HR-ESI-MS spectral, a modified Mosher's method, and comparisons with previous reports. All of the isolated compounds showed modest α-glucosidase inhibitory (4.60±1.74% to 11.97±3.30%) and antioxidant activities under the tested conditions.
Collapse
|
17
|
Lee Y, Kim S, Kim JY, Arooj M, Kim S, Hwang S, Kim BW, Park KH, Lee KW. Binding mode analyses and pharmacophore model development for stilbene derivatives as a novel and competitive class of α-glucosidase inhibitors. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85827. [PMID: 24465730 PMCID: PMC3897524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stilbene urea derivatives as a novel and competitive class of non-glycosidic α-glucosidase inhibitors are effective for the treatment of type II diabetes and obesity. The main purposes of our molecular modeling study are to explore the most suitable binding poses of stilbene derivatives with analyzing the binding affinity differences and finally to develop a pharmacophore model which would represents critical features responsible for α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Three-dimensional structure of S. cerevisiae α-glucosidase was built by homology modeling method and the structure was used for the molecular docking study to find out the initial binding mode of compound 12, which is the most highly active one. The initial structure was subjected to molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for protein structure adjustment at compound 12-bound state. Based on the adjusted conformation, the more reasonable binding modes of the stilbene urea derivatives were obtained from molecular docking and MD simulations. The binding mode of the derivatives was validated by correlation analysis between experimental Ki value and interaction energy. Our results revealed that the binding modes of the potent inhibitors were engaged with important hydrogen bond, hydrophobic, and π-interactions. With the validated compound 12-bound structure obtained from combining approach of docking and MD simulation, a proper four featured pharmacophore model was generated. It was also validated by comparison of fit values with the Ki values. Thus, these results will be helpful for understanding the relationship between binding mode and bioactivity and for designing better inhibitors from stilbene derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuno Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center (SSAC), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Songmi Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center (SSAC), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center (SSAC), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahreen Arooj
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center (SSAC), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Siu Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center (SSAC), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Swan Hwang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center (SSAC), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Woo Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center (SSAC), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hun Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center (SSAC), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Woo Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center (SSAC), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), Jinju, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang JL, Zheng QC, Li ZQ, Zhang HX. Theoretical evaluation and improvement on the potency of the rhodanine-based inhibitors for human serotoninN-acetyltransferase. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2013.854894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
19
|
Total synthesis of neokotalanol, a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor isolated from Salacia reticulata. Chin J Nat Med 2013; 11:676-83. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(13)60079-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
20
|
Uvarani C, Sankaran M, Jaivel N, Chandraprakash K, Ata A, Mohan PS. Bioactive dimeric carbazole alkaloids from Murraya koenigii. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2013; 76:993-1000. [PMID: 23691929 DOI: 10.1021/np300464t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical studies on the CHCl3 extract of the fruit pulp of Murraya koenigii afforded three new dimeric carbazole alkaloids, bisgerayafolines A-C (1-3). Bisgerayafolines A-C (1-3) are structurally unique dimeric carbazole alkaloids comprising geranyl moieties incorporated in their structures. Compounds 1-3 exhibited various levels of antioxidant, anti-α-glucosidase, DNA binding, and cytotoxic activities and protein interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chokkalingam Uvarani
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sun Y, Chen JD. Rimonabant, gastrointestinal motility and obesity. Curr Neuropharmacol 2013; 10:212-8. [PMID: 23449551 PMCID: PMC3468875 DOI: 10.2174/157015912803217297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity and overweight affect more than half of the US population and are associated with a number of diseases. Rimonabant, a cannabinoid receptor 1 blocker in the endocannabinoid (EC) system, was indicated in Europe for the treatment of obesity and overweight patients with associated risk factors but withdrawn on Jan, 2009 because of side effects. Many studies have reported the effects of rimonabant on gastrointestinal (GI) motility and food intake. The aims of this review are: to review the relationship of EC system with GI motility and food intake; to review the
studies of rimonabant on GI motility, food intake and obesity; and to report the tolerance and side effects of rimonabant.
Methods: the literature (Pubmed database) was searched using keywords: rimonabant, obesity and GI motility. Results: GI motility is related with appetite, food intake and nutrients absorption. The EC system inhibits GI motility, reduces emesis and increases food intake; Rimonabant accelerates gastric emptying and intestinal transition but decreases energy metabolism and food intake. There is rapid onset of tolerance to the prokinetic effect of rimonabant. The main side effects of rimonabant are depression and GI symptoms. Conclusions: Rimonabant has significant effects on energy metabolism and food intake, probably mediated via its effects on GI motility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Veterans Research and Education Foundation, VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yang HY, Tae J, Seo YW, Kim YJ, Im HY, Choi GD, Cho H, Park WK, Kwon OS, Cho YS, Ko M, Jang H, Lee J, Choi K, Kim CH, Lee J, Pae AN. Novel pyrimidoazepine analogs as serotonin 5-HT(2A) and 5-HT(2C) receptor ligands for the treatment of obesity. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 63:558-69. [PMID: 23537943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the most serious public health problems worldwide in the 21st century. Current therapeutic treatment for obesity is mostly focused on preventive measures involving dietary control and physical exercises in combination with anti-obesity medications. However, most of these anti-obesity medications have little or no effect on weight loss, and some cases have demonstrated fatal side effects. Due to the urgent need for highly potent and selective anti-obesity agents, the serotonin receptors (5-HTR) have been the focus of much interest as a novel therapeutic target. In this report, we have developed pyrimidoazepine analogs targeting the 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors and evaluated their biological activity in vitro and in vivo as novel anti-obesity agents. We were able to identify 6p as the most potent 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C ligand in vitro (IC50 = 3 nM and 2.3 nM, respectively), and this compound also demonstrated the greatest potency in vivo. In an acute obesity model, mice treated with 6p showed significant decrease in body weight gain and food intake over approximately 77-94% compared to a control group. In a chronic obesity model, mice treated with 6p also showed a marked decrease in food intake and body weight gain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ha Yun Yang
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, PO Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kushner RF. Pharmacologic management of obesity. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58:140-3. [PMID: 22009632 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.23366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Recent discoveries of processes that govern regulation of body weight and energy expenditure have led to development of new anti-obesity pharmacological agents. This article will inform health professionals of new anti-obesity medications that target neuronal systems within the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral humoral proteins that send signals to the CNS. An emerging theme of new therapies is to use combination medications that are directed toward several targets or leverage existing gastrointestinal satiety hormonal signals. By using combination therapies, it is anticipated that greater weight loss will be achieved compared to monotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Kushner
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pistarà V, Rescifina A, Punzo F, Greco G, Barbera V, Corsaro A. Design, Synthesis, Molecular Docking and Crystal Structure Prediction of New Azasugar Analogues of α-Glucosidase Inhibitors. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
25
|
Loizzo MR, Di Lecce G, Boselli E, Bonesi M, Menichini F, Menichini F, Frega NG. In vitroantioxidant and hypoglycemic activities of Ethiopian spice blendBerbere. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2011; 62:740-9. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2011.573470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
26
|
Xie W, Tanabe G, Matsuoka K, Amer MF, Minematsu T, Wu X, Yoshikawa M, Muraoka O. Role of the side chain stereochemistry in the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of kotalanol, a potent natural α-glucosidase inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:2252-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
27
|
Jin F, Lu C, Sun X, Li W, Liu G, Tang Y. Insights into the binding modes of human β3-adrenergic receptor agonists with ligand-based and receptor-based methods. Mol Divers 2011; 15:817-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-011-9311-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
28
|
Common binding requirements of PPAR-α/δ/γ pan agonists: quantitative structure–activity relationship analysis of indanylacetic acid derivatives carrying 4-thiazolyl-phenoxy tail group. Med Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-011-9599-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
29
|
Xie W, Tanabe G, Akaki J, Morikawa T, Ninomiya K, Minematsu T, Yoshikawa M, Wu X, Muraoka O. Isolation, structure identification and SAR studies on thiosugar sulfonium salts, neosalaprinol and neoponkoranol, as potent α-glucosidase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:2015-22. [PMID: 21345683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two hitherto missing members of sulfonium salts family in Salacia genus plants as a new class of α-glucosidase inhibitors, neoponkoranol (7) and neosalaprinol (8), were isolated from the water extracts, and their structures were unambiguously identified. For further SAR studies on this series of sulfonium salts, several epimers of 7 and 8 were synthesized, and their inhibitory activities against rat small intestinal α-glucosidases were evaluated. Among them, 3'-epimer of 7 was found most potent in this class of molecules, and revealed as potent as currently used antidiabetics, voglibose and acarbose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sakulsombat M, Zhang Y, Ramström O. Dynamic Systemic Resolution. CONSTITUTIONAL DYNAMIC CHEMISTRY 2011; 322:55-86. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2011_203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
31
|
Thienopyrimidines as β3-adrenoceptor agonists: Hit-to-lead optimization. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:6108-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Revised: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
32
|
Loizzo MR, Tundis R, Menichini F, Pugliese A, Bonesi M, Solimene U, Menichini F. Chelating, antioxidant and hypoglycaemic potential of Muscari comosum (L.) Mill. bulb extracts. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2010; 61:780-91. [PMID: 20465433 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2010.482521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The metal chelating activity, antioxidant properties and the effect on carbohydrate-hydrolysing enzyme inhibition of Muscari comosum extracts have been investigated. M. comosum bulbs contain a total amount of the phenols with a value of 56.6 mg chlorogenic acid equivalent per gram of extract and a flavonoid content of 23.4 mg quercetin equivalent per gram of extract. In order to evaluate the non-polar constituents, n-hexane extract was obtained. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of fatty acids and ethyl esters as major constituents, with different aldehydes and alkanes as minor components. Ethanolic extract had the highest ferric-reducing ability power (66.7 μM Fe(II)/g) and DPPH scavenging activity with a concentration giving 50% inhibition (IC₅₀) value of 40.9 μg/ml. Moreover, this extract exhibited a good hypoglycaemic activity with IC₅₀ values of 81.3 and 112.8 μg/ml for α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively. In conclusion, M. comosum bulbs show promising antioxidant and hypoglycaemic activity via the inhibition of carbohydrate digestive enzymes. These activities may be of interest from a functional point of view and for the revalorization of this ancient non-cultivated vegetable of Mediterranean traditional gastronomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica R Loizzo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Liu J, He S, Jian T, Dobbelaar PH, Sebhat IK, Lin LS, Goodman A, Guo C, Guzzo PR, Hadden M, Henderson AJ, Pattamana K, Ruenz M, Sargent BJ, Swenson B, Yet L, Tamvakopoulos C, Peng Q, Pan J, Kan Y, Palyha O, Kelly TM, Guan XM, Howard AD, Marsh DJ, Metzger JM, Reitman ML, Wyvratt MJ, Nargund RP. Synthesis and SAR of derivatives based on 2-biarylethylimidazole as bombesin receptor subtype-3 (BRS-3) agonists for the treatment of obesity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:2074-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.02.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Revised: 02/16/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
34
|
|
35
|
Senthil Kumar P, Bharatam PV. Comparative 3D QSAR study on β(1)-, β(2)-, and β(3)-adrenoceptor agonists. Med Chem Res 2009; 19:1121-1140. [PMID: 21170122 PMCID: PMC2988205 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-009-9257-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A quantitative structure–activity relationship study of tryptamine-based derivatives of β1-, β2-, and β3-adrenoceptor agonists was conducted using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA). Correlation coefficients (cross-validated r2) of 0.578, 0.595, and 0.558 were obtained for the three subtypes, respectively, in three different CoMFA models. All three CoMFA models have different steric and electrostatic contributions, implying different requirements inside the binding cavity. The CoMFA coefficient contour plots of the three models and comparisons among these plots provide clues regarding the main chemical features responsible for the biological activity variations and also result in predictions which correlate very well with the observed biological activity. Based on the analysis, a summary regeospecific description of the requirements for improving β-adrenoceptor subtype selectivity is given.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, (NIPER), Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Mohali, 160 062 India
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Highly Enantioselective Rh-catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation of α-Functionalized Arylketones. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2009. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2009.30.6.1317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
37
|
Pierson PD, Fettes A, Freichel C, Gatti-McArthur S, Hertel C, Huwyler J, Mohr P, Nakagawa T, Nettekoven M, Plancher JM, Raab S, Richter H, Roche O, Rodríguez Sarmiento RM, Schmitt M, Schuler F, Takahashi T, Taylor S, Ullmer C, Wiegand R. 5-Hydroxyindole-2-carboxylic Acid Amides: Novel Histamine-3 Receptor Inverse Agonists for the Treatment of Obesity. J Med Chem 2009; 52:3855-68. [DOI: 10.1021/jm900409x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alec Fettes
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Freichel
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Cornelia Hertel
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Huwyler
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Mohr
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Toshito Nakagawa
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Nettekoven
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marc Plancher
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Raab
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hans Richter
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Roche
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Monique Schmitt
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Franz Schuler
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tadakatsu Takahashi
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sven Taylor
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Ullmer
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ruby Wiegand
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhu D, Hyatt BA, Hua L. Enzymatic hydrogen transfer reduction of α-chloro aromatic ketones catalyzed by a hyperthermophilic alcohol dehydrogenase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2008.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
39
|
Kim SS, Lee HW, Lee KT. Validated method for determination of mazindol in human plasma by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:1011-6. [PMID: 19272843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2008] [Revised: 02/18/2009] [Accepted: 02/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method with electrospray ionization in positive ion multiple reaction monitoring mode was developed for the quantification of mazindol (an anorectic agent) in human plasma. Fluoxetine was adopted as an internal standard (IS), and sample preparation involved one-step liquid/liquid extraction using ethyl acetate. The transition monitored were m/z 285>44 for mazindol and m/z 310>44 for IS. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Capcell Pak MGII C(18) column using an isocratic mobile phase, consisting of acetonitrile-20mM ammonium formate in water (50:50, v/v, adjusted to pH 3.5 with formic acid) at a flow-rate of 0.2mL/min. The retention times of mazindol and fluoxetine were 1.03min and 1.45min, respectively. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) was 0.1ng/mL using 200microL of plasma, and no interferences were detected in chromatograms. The bench top stability of mazindol was evaluated in buffered and non-buffered plasma. The selectivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, recovery, and stability of the devised method were fully validated and absolute and relative matrix effects were evaluated. The described method provides a fast and sensitive analytical tool for determining mazindol levels in plasma, and was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in 24 healthy human subjects after oral administration of 2mg tablet formulation of mazindol under fasting conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Su Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung-Hee University, Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of biotin-labeled (−)-ternatin, a potent fat-accumulation inhibitor against 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:92-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2008] [Revised: 10/29/2008] [Accepted: 11/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
41
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent discoveries about the metabolic and genetic control systems that govern regulation of body weight and energy expenditure have afforded the opportunity to develop pharmacological agents that can be used as adjunctive treatments for patients with obesity. However, the scarcity of medications available or those that have made it to Phase III trials reflects the difficult challenge of manipulating the biology of appetite regulation. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to inform health professionals about new anti-obesity medications that target neuronal systems within the central nervous system and peripheral humoral proteins that send signals to the central nervous system. METHODS A critical review was conducted of information available from the medical literature. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS An emerging theme is to use combination therapies that are directed towards several targets or leverage existing gastrointestinal satiety hormonal signals. By using combination therapies, it is anticipated that greater weight loss will be achieved compared to monotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Kushner
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 750 North Lake Shore Drive, Rubloff 9-976, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wei G, Yu B. Isoflavone Glycosides: Synthesis and Evaluation as α-Glucosidase Inhibitors. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
43
|
Alig L, Alsenz J, Andjelkovic M, Bendels S, Bénardeau A, Bleicher K, Bourson A, David-Pierson P, Guba W, Hildbrand S, Kube D, Lübbers T, Mayweg AV, Narquizian R, Neidhart W, Nettekoven M, Plancher JM, Rocha C, Rogers-Evans M, Röver S, Schneider G, Taylor S, Waldmeier P. Benzodioxoles: novel cannabinoid-1 receptor inverse agonists for the treatment of obesity. J Med Chem 2008; 51:2115-27. [PMID: 18335976 DOI: 10.1021/jm701487t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The application of the evolutionary fragment-based de novo design tool TOPology Assigning System (TOPAS), starting from a known CB1R (CB-1 receptor) ligand, followed by further refinement principles, including pharmacophore compliance, chemical tractability, and drug likeness, allowed the identification of benzodioxoles as a novel CB1R inverse agonist series. Extensive multidimensional optimization was rewarded by the identification of promising lead compounds, showing in vivo activity. These compounds reversed the CP-55940-induced hypothermia in Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice and reduced body-weight gain, as well as fat mass, in diet-induced obese Sprague-Dawley rats. Herein, we disclose the tools and strategies that were employed for rapid hit identification, synthesis and generation of structure-activity relationships, ultimately leading to the identification of (+)-[( R)-2-(2,4-dichloride-phenyl)-6-fluoro-2-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl]-morpholin-4-yl-methanone ( R)-14g . Biochemical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic characteristics of ( R)-14g are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leo Alig
- Pharmaceuticals Division, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Vongvilai P, Larsson R, Ramström O. Direct Asymmetric Dynamic Kinetic Resolution by Combined Lipase Catalysis and Nitroaldol (Henry) Reaction. Adv Synth Catal 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200700432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
45
|
Nasi R, Sim L, Rose DR, Pinto BM. Synthesis and glycosidase inhibitory activities of chain-modified analogues of the glycosidase inhibitors salacinol and blintol. Carbohydr Res 2007; 342:1888-94. [PMID: 17359953 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2007.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2007] [Revised: 02/14/2007] [Accepted: 02/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of chain-modified analogues of the naturally-occurring glycosidase inhibitor, salacinol, and its selenium analogue, blintol is described. The modification consists of a frame shift of the sulfate moiety by one carbon atom in the zwitterionic structures as well as an extension of the acyclic chain to five carbons. The target molecules were synthesized by alkylation of 1,4-anhydro-2,3,5-tri-O-p-methoxybenzyl-4-thio (or seleno)-D-arabinitol at the ring heteroatom by 2,3,5-tri-O-p-methoxybenzyl D- or L-xylitol-1,4-cyclic sulfate, followed by deprotection with trifluoroacetic acid. Two of the four compounds inhibit recombinant human maltase glucoamylase, one of the key intestinal enzymes involved in the breakdown of glucose oligosaccharides in the small intestine, with Ki values of 20+/-4 and 53+/-5 microM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravindranath Nasi
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Shearer BG, Chao EY, Uehling DE, Deaton DN, Cowan C, Sherman BW, Milliken T, Faison W, Brown K, Adkison KK, Lee F. Synthesis and evaluation of potent and selective β3 adrenergic receptor agonists containing heterobiaryl carboxylic acids. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:4670-7. [PMID: 17560786 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2007] [Revised: 05/18/2007] [Accepted: 05/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis, and SAR of a novel series of heterobiaryl phenethanolamine beta3 adrenergic receptor agonists are described. The furan analogue 49 was shown to elicit a significant dose-dependent lowering of plasma glucose in a rodent model of type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barry G Shearer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Conforti F, Statti GA, Tundis R, Loizzo MR, Menichini F. In vitro activities of Citrus medica L. cv. Diamante (Diamante citron) relevant to treatment of diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. Phytother Res 2007; 21:427-33. [PMID: 17236166 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The present study showed for the first time the in vitro properties (antioxidant, hypoglycaemic and anticholinesterase) of Citrus medica L. cv. Diamante which belongs to the Rutaceae family. The n-hexane extract of Diamante citron peel is characterized by the presence of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. The most abundant constituents were two monoterpenes: limonene and gamma-terpinene. The extract showed significant antioxidant activity that was carried out using different assays (DPPH test, beta-carotene bleaching test and bovine brain peroxidation assay). Oxidative damage, caused by the action of free radicals, may initiate and promote the progression of a number of chronic diseases, including diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. Diamante citron peel extract showed hypoglycaemic activity and an anticholinesterase effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Conforti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Shimokawa K, Yamada K, Kita M, Uemura D. Convergent synthesis and in vivo inhibitory effect on fat accumulation of (-)-ternatin, a highly N-methylated cyclic peptide. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:4447-9. [PMID: 17590333 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2007] [Accepted: 06/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
(-)-Ternatin (1), a highly N-methylated cyclic heptapeptide, is a potent inhibitor of fat accumulation against 3T3-L1 murine adipocytes (EC50 = 0.14 microg/mL) [Shimokawa, K.; Mashima, I.; Asai, A.; Yamada, K.; Kita, M.; Uemura, D. Tetrahedron Lett. 2006, 47, 4445]. Compound 1 was synthesized from Boc-protected amino acids in solution. Upon treatment with 1 at 5 mg/kg/day, increases in body weight and fat accumulation in high-fat-fed mice were both significantly suppressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Shimokawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Richman A, Heinrichs SC. Seizure prophylaxis in an animal model of epilepsy by dietary fluoxetine supplementation. Epilepsy Res 2007; 74:19-27. [PMID: 17215106 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2006.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2006] [Revised: 11/20/2006] [Accepted: 11/30/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and animal model evidence suggests that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) act as anticonvulsants. The present studies tested the possibility that the El mouse model of genetically predisposed/handling-triggered epilepsy would exhibit fewer seizures following SSRI treatment via dietary fluoxetine adulteration. In particular, potential bioenergetic and neural mechanisms for anticonvulsant efficacy of fluoxetine were explored using food intake/body weight monitoring and quantification of brain serotonin transporter protein. El mice consuming a chow diet ad libitum or yoked in quantity to fluoxetine diet intake exhibited seizure incidence of 40% in response to tail-suspension handling, whereas seizures were abolished (0%) among El mice consuming a fluoxetine-adultered diet over 7 days. A 3 day period of fluoxetine administration was insufficient to exert anticonvulsant efficacy and all treatment groups exhibited the same circadian locomotor activity patterns at the time of seizure susceptibility testing. Bioenergetic factors could not account for the anticonvulsant efficacy of fluoxetine since yoked diet controls with matched food intake, body weight change and blood glucose levels exhibited the same 40% seizure incidence as ad libitum chow controls. Importantly, the 7 day period of dietary fluoxetine exposure was effective in selectively reducing cell density in the parietal cortex and increasing serotonin transporter protein content in the nucleus accumbens. Taken together, these results suggest that dietary fluoxetine supplementation abolishes handling-induced seizure susceptibility in El mice via a neural remodeling mechanism independent of energy balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Richman
- Department of Psychology, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Narender T, Shweta S, Tiwari P, Papi Reddy K, Khaliq T, Prathipati P, Puri A, Srivastava AK, Chander R, Agarwal SC, Raj K. Antihyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic agent from Aegle marmelos. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 17:1808-11. [PMID: 17197179 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2006] [Revised: 11/28/2006] [Accepted: 12/12/2006] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The plant Aegle marmelos belongs to the family of Rutaceae. From the leaves of A. marmelos an alkaloidal-amide, Aegeline 2, was isolated and found to have antihyperglycemic activity as evidenced by lowering the blood glucose levels by 12.9% and 16.9% at 5 and 24h, respectively, in sucrose challenged streptozotocin induced diabetic rats (STZ-S) model at the dose of 100mg/kg body weight. Aegeline 2 has also significantly decreased the plasma triglyceride (Tg) levels by 55% (P<0.001), total cholesterol (TC) by 24% (P<0.05), and free fatty acids (FFA) by 24%, accompanied with increase in HDL-C by 28% and HDL-C/TC ratio by 66% in dyslipidemic hamster model at the dose of 50mg/kg body weight. The reasonable mapping of compound 2 to validated pharmacophoric hypothesis and 3D QSAR model with an estimated activity (283nM) suggest that the compound 2 might be a beta(3)-AR agonist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Narender
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226 001 (UP), India.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|