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Salaria P, Akshinthala P, Kapavarapu R, M AR. Identification of novel C-15 fluoro isosteviol derivatives for GABA-AT inhibition by in silico investigations. J Mol Model 2023; 29:76. [PMID: 36826597 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05479-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The treatment of epilepsy is associated with the inhibition of γ-aminobutyric acid-aminotransferase (GABA-AT), which suppresses the concentration of a key neurotransmitter GABA. Isosteviol, a natural bioactive molecule, has been reported to possess an anticonvulsant property. In this work, we first reported a series of C-15 fluoro isosteviol analogs which are bearing different functional groups at C-16 to investigate the interactions with GABA-AT by applying molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation approach. The results revealed that all fluoro isosteviol analogs displayed a greater binding affinity than references vigabatrin, an FDA-approved GABA-AT inactivator, and CPP-115, which has Orphan Drug Designation status, and positioned at the same binding site as references. Furthermore, molecular dynamic (MD) simulation studies on minimum (A1), maximum (E1) binding energy score of fluoro isosteviol analogs, and isosteviol (G1) revealed their stable complex formation in terms of RMSD, RMSF, RG, and hydrogen bond formation. All analogs were found to have drug-like nature, non-toxic, >80% absorption, and the majority tend to penetrate brain-blood-barrier (BBB). The investigations found in this study can help in the development of isosteviol derivatives as drugs for the treatment of epilepsy. METHODS The two-dimensional (2D) ligand structures were drawn using ChembioDraw Ultra 14.0. Molecular docking with Autodock4 and molecular dynamic simulation with GROMACS version 2020.1 were performed. The CHARMM27 all-atom force field was applied for writing the topology. Biovia Discovery Studio DS2021 was used for viewing and analyzing the protein-ligand complexes. The data generated from molecular dynamic simulation trajectories were plotted using the Origin® 8 software. The Open Babel software was utilized for extracting SMILEs files of all the fluoro isosteviol analogs. The drug-likeness and ADMET of the molecules were evaluated by SwissADME and ADMETlab 2.0 web tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punam Salaria
- School of Sciences (Chemistry), National Institute of Technology Andhra Pradesh, Tadepalligudem, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Parameswari Akshinthala
- Department of Science and Humanities, MLR Institute of Technology, Dundigal, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ravikumar Kapavarapu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Photochemistry, Nirmala College of Pharmacy, Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Amarendar Reddy M
- School of Sciences (Chemistry), National Institute of Technology Andhra Pradesh, Tadepalligudem, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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2
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Shen S, Butrin A, Beaupre BA, Ferreira GM, Doubleday PF, Grass DH, Zhu W, Kelleher NL, Moran GR, Liu D, Silverman RB. Structural and Mechanistic Basis for the Inactivation of Human Ornithine Aminotransferase by (3 S,4 S)-3-Amino-4-fluorocyclopentenecarboxylic Acid. Molecules 2023; 28:1133. [PMID: 36770800 PMCID: PMC9921285 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ornithine aminotransferase (OAT) is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and we previously showed that inactivation of OAT inhibits the growth of HCC. Recently, we found that (3S,4S)-3-amino-4-fluorocyclopentenecarboxylic acid (5) was a potent inactivator of γ-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase (GABA-AT), proceeding by an enamine mechanism. Here we describe our investigations into the activity and mechanism of 5 as an inactivator of human OAT. We have found that 5 exhibits 10-fold less inactivation efficiency (kinact/KI) against hOAT than GABA-AT. A comprehensive mechanistic study was carried out to understand its inactivation mechanism with hOAT. pKa and electrostatic potential calculations were performed to further support the notion that the α,β-unsaturated alkene of 5 is critical for enhancing acidity and nucleophilicity of the corresponding intermediates and ultimately responsible for the improved inactivation efficiency of 5 over the corresponding saturated analogue (4). Intact protein mass spectrometry and the crystal structure complex with hOAT provide evidence to conclude that 5 mainly inactivates hOAT through noncovalent interactions, and that, unlike with GABA-AT, covalent binding with hOAT is a minor component of the total inhibition which is unique relative to other monofluoro-substituted derivatives. Furthermore, based on the results of transient-state measurements and free energy calculations, it is suggested that the α,β-unsaturated carboxylate group of PLP-bound 5 may be directly involved in the inactivation cascade by forming an enolate intermediate. Overall, compound 5 exhibits unusual structural conversions which are catalyzed by specific residues within hOAT, ultimately leading to an enamine mechanism-based inactivation of hOAT through noncovalent interactions and covalent modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sida Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Arseniy Butrin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60660, USA
| | - Brett A. Beaupre
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60660, USA
| | - Glaucio M. Ferreira
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Peter F. Doubleday
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Daniel H. Grass
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Neil L. Kelleher
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Graham R. Moran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60660, USA
| | - Dali Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60660, USA
| | - Richard B. Silverman
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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3
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Garsi JB, Guggari S, Deis T, Ma M, Hocine S, Hanessian S. 2-Oxa-5-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane as a Platform for Functional Diversity: Synthesis of Backbone-Constrained γ-Amino Acid Analogues. J Org Chem 2022; 87:11261-11273. [PMID: 35900070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We communicate a versatile synthetic approach to C-3 disubstituted 2-oxa-5-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes as carbon-atom bridged morpholines, starting with 4R-hydroxy-l-proline as a chiron. Attaching an acetic acid moiety on the C-3 carbon of the 2-oxa-5-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane core reveals the framework of an embedded γ-amino butyric acid (GABA). Variations in the nature of the substituent on the tertiary C-3 atom with different alkyls or aryls led to backbone-constrained analogues of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs baclofen and pregabalin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Garsi
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Solène Guggari
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Thomas Deis
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Myles Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Sofiane Hocine
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Stephen Hanessian
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada
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4
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McLean LA, Ashford MW, Fyfe JWB, Slawin AMZ, Leach AG, Watson AJB. Asymmetric Synthesis of Heterocyclic Chloroamines and Aziridines by Enantioselective Protonation of Catalytically Generated Enamines. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200060. [PMID: 35133031 PMCID: PMC9306946 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We report a method for the synthesis of chiral vicinal chloroamines via asymmetric protonation of catalytically generated prochiral chloroenamines using chiral Brønsted acids. The process is highly enantioselective, with the origin of asymmetry and catalyst substituent effects elucidated by DFT calculations. We show the utility of the method as an approach to the synthesis of a broad range of heterocycle-substituted aziridines by treatment of the chloroamines with base in a one-pot process, as well as the utility of the process to allow access to vicinal diamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam A McLean
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, Fife, UK
| | - Matthew W Ashford
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, Fife, UK
| | - James W B Fyfe
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, Fife, UK
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, Fife, UK
| | - Andrew G Leach
- School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Allan J B Watson
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, Fife, UK
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5
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Kato T, Okada Y, Fujii Y, Uyanik M, Ishihara K. Oxidative Ritter‐type Chloroamidation of Alkenes Using NaCl and Oxone. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Kato
- Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Yuya Okada
- Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Yuto Fujii
- Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Muhammet Uyanik
- Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Kazuaki Ishihara
- Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
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6
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Morales JF, Chuguransky S, Alberca LN, Alice JI, Goicoechea S, Ruiz ME, Bellera CL, Talevi A. Positive Predictive Value Surfaces as a Complementary Tool to Assess the Performance of Virtual Screening Methods. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 20:1447-1460. [PMID: 32072906 DOI: 10.2174/1871525718666200219130229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since their introduction in the virtual screening field, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve-derived metrics have been widely used for benchmarking of computational methods and algorithms intended for virtual screening applications. Whereas in classification problems, the ratio between sensitivity and specificity for a given score value is very informative, a practical concern in virtual screening campaigns is to predict the actual probability that a predicted hit will prove truly active when submitted to experimental testing (in other words, the Positive Predictive Value - PPV). Estimation of such probability is however, obstructed due to its dependency on the yield of actives of the screened library, which cannot be known a priori. OBJECTIVE To explore the use of PPV surfaces derived from simulated ranking experiments (retrospective virtual screening) as a complementary tool to ROC curves, for both benchmarking and optimization of score cutoff values. METHODS The utility of the proposed approach is assessed in retrospective virtual screening experiments with four datasets used to infer QSAR classifiers: inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi trypanothione synthetase; inhibitors of Trypanosoma brucei N-myristoyltransferase; inhibitors of GABA transaminase and anticonvulsant activity in the 6 Hz seizure model. RESULTS Besides illustrating the utility of PPV surfaces to compare the performance of machine learning models for virtual screening applications and to select an adequate score threshold, our results also suggest that ensemble learning provides models with better predictivity and more robust behavior. CONCLUSION PPV surfaces are valuable tools to assess virtual screening tools and choose score thresholds to be applied in prospective in silico screens. Ensemble learning approaches seem to consistently lead to improved predictivity and robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Morales
- Laboratory of Bioactive Research and Development (LIDeB), Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, University of La Plata (UNLP) - 47 & 115, La Plata (1900), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sara Chuguransky
- Laboratory of Bioactive Research and Development (LIDeB), Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, University of La Plata (UNLP) - 47 & 115, La Plata (1900), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucas N Alberca
- Laboratory of Bioactive Research and Development (LIDeB), Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, University of La Plata (UNLP) - 47 & 115, La Plata (1900), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan I Alice
- Laboratory of Bioactive Research and Development (LIDeB), Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, University of La Plata (UNLP) - 47 & 115, La Plata (1900), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sofía Goicoechea
- Laboratory of Bioactive Research and Development (LIDeB), Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, University of La Plata (UNLP) - 47 & 115, La Plata (1900), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María E Ruiz
- Laboratory of Bioactive Research and Development (LIDeB), Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, University of La Plata (UNLP) - 47 & 115, La Plata (1900), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina L Bellera
- Laboratory of Bioactive Research and Development (LIDeB), Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, University of La Plata (UNLP) - 47 & 115, La Plata (1900), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alan Talevi
- Laboratory of Bioactive Research and Development (LIDeB), Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, University of La Plata (UNLP) - 47 & 115, La Plata (1900), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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7
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Shen S, Butrin A, Doubleday PF, Melani RD, Beaupre BA, Tavares MT, Ferreira GM, Kelleher NL, Moran GR, Liu D, Silverman RB. Turnover and Inactivation Mechanisms for ( S)-3-Amino-4,4-difluorocyclopent-1-enecarboxylic Acid, a Selective Mechanism-Based Inactivator of Human Ornithine Aminotransferase. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:8689-8703. [PMID: 34097381 PMCID: PMC8367020 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The inhibition of human ornithine δ-aminotransferase (hOAT) is a potential therapeutic approach to treat hepatocellular carcinoma. In this work, (S)-3-amino-4,4-difluorocyclopent-1-enecarboxylic acid (SS-1-148, 6) was identified as a potent mechanism-based inactivator of hOAT while showing excellent selectivity over other related aminotransferases (e.g., GABA-AT). An integrated mechanistic study was performed to investigate the turnover and inactivation mechanisms of 6. A monofluorinated ketone (M10) was identified as the primary metabolite of 6 in hOAT. By soaking hOAT holoenzyme crystals with 6, a precursor to M10 was successfully captured. This gem-diamine intermediate, covalently bound to Lys292, observed for the first time in hOAT/ligand crystals, validates the turnover mechanism proposed for 6. Co-crystallization yielded hOAT in complex with 6 and revealed a novel noncovalent inactivation mechanism in hOAT. Native protein mass spectrometry was utilized for the first time in a study of an aminotransferase inactivator to validate the noncovalent interactions between the ligand and the enzyme; a covalently bonded complex was also identified as a minor form observed in the denaturing intact protein mass spectrum. Spectral and stopped-flow kinetic experiments supported a lysine-assisted E2 fluoride ion elimination, which has never been observed experimentally in other studies of related aminotransferase inactivators. This elimination generated the second external aldimine directly from the initial external aldimine, rather than the typical E1cB elimination mechanism, forming a quinonoid transient state between the two external aldimines. The use of native protein mass spectrometry, X-ray crystallography employing both soaking and co-crystallization methods, and stopped-flow kinetics allowed for the detailed elucidation of unusual turnover and inactivation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sida Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, and Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Arseniy Butrin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60660, United States
| | - Peter F. Doubleday
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Rafael D. Melani
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Brett A. Beaupre
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60660, United States
| | - Mauricio T. Tavares
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Glaucio M. Ferreira
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Neil L. Kelleher
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, and Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States,Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Graham R. Moran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60660, United States
| | - Dali Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60660, United States,Corresponding authors: (R.B.S.) . Phone: +1-847-491-5653; (D.L.) . Phone: +1-773-508-3093
| | - Richard B. Silverman
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, and Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States,Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States,Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, United States,Corresponding authors: (R.B.S.) . Phone: +1-847-491-5653; (D.L.) . Phone: +1-773-508-3093
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8
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Weerawarna PM, Moschitto MJ, Silverman RB. Theoretical and Mechanistic Validation of Global Kinetic Parameters of the Inactivation of GABA Aminotransferase by OV329 and CPP-115. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:615-630. [PMID: 33735567 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
((S)-3-Amino-(difluoromethylenyl)cyclopent-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid (OV329) is a recently discovered inactivator of γ-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase (GABA-AT), which has 10 times better inactivation efficiency than its predecessor, CPP-115, despite the only structural difference being an endocyclic double bond in OV329. Both compounds are mechanism-based enzyme inactivators (MBEIs), which inactivate GABA-AT by a similar mechanism. Here, a combination of a variety of computational chemistry tools and experimental methods, including quantum mechanical (QM) calculations, molecular dynamic simulations, progress curve analysis, and deuterium kinetic isotope effect (KIE) experiments, are utilized to comprehensively study the mechanism of inactivation of GABA-AT by CPP-115 and OV329 and account for their experimentally obtained global kinetic parameters kinact and KI. Our first key finding is that the rate-limiting step of the inactivation mechanism is the deprotonation step, and according to QM calculations and the KIE experiments, kinact accurately represents the enhancement of the rate-limiting step for the given mechanism. Second, the present study shows that the widely used simple QM models do not accurately represent the geometric criteria that are present in the enzyme for the deprotonation step. In contrast, QM cluster models successfully represent both the ground state destabilization and the transition state stabilization, as revealed by natural bond orbital analysis. Furthermore, the globally derived KI values for both of the inactivators represent the inhibitor constants for the initial binding complexes (Kd) and indicate the inactivator competition with the substrate according to progress curve analysis and the observed binding isotope effect. The configurational entropy loss accounts for the difference in KI values between the inactivators. The approach we describe in this work can be employed to determine the validity of globally derived parameters in the process of MBEI optimization for given inactivation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pathum M. Weerawarna
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, and Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Matthew J. Moschitto
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, and Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Richard B. Silverman
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, and Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
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9
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Brittain WDG, Lloyd CM, Cobb SL. Synthesis of complex unnatural fluorine-containing amino acids. J Fluor Chem 2020; 239:109630. [PMID: 33144742 PMCID: PMC7583769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2020.109630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The area of fluorinated amino acid synthesis has seen rapid growth over the past decade. As reports of singly fluorinated natural amino acid derivatives have grown, researchers have turned their attention to develop methodology to access complex proteinogenic examples. A variety of reaction conditions have been employed in this area, exploiting new advances in the wider synthetic community such as photocatalysis and palladium cross-coupling. In addition, novel fluorinated functional groups have also been incorporated into amino acids, with SFX and perfluoro moieties now appearing with more frequency in the literature. This review focuses on synthetic methodology for accessing complex non-proteinogenic amino acids, along with amino acids containing multiple fluorine atoms such as CF3, SF5 and perfluoroaromatic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carissa M Lloyd
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Steven L Cobb
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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10
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Shen S, Doubleday PF, Weerawarna PM, Zhu W, Kelleher NL, Silverman RB. Mechanism-Based Design of 3-Amino-4-Halocyclopentenecarboxylic Acids as Inactivators of GABA Aminotransferase. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:1949-1955. [PMID: 33062178 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aminotransferases are pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzymes that catalyze reversible transamination reactions between an amino acid and an α-keto acid, playing a critical role in cellular nitrogen metabolism. It is evident that γ-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase (GABA-AT), which balances the levels of inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters, has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for epilepsy and cocaine addiction based on mechanism-based inactivators (MBIs). In this work, we established an integrated approach using computational simulation, organic synthesis, biochemical evaluation, and mass spectrometry to facilitate our design and mechanistic studies of MBIs, which led to the identification of a new cyclopentene-based analogue (6a), 25-times more efficient as an inactivator of GABA-AT compared to the parent compound (1R,3S,4S)-3-amino-4-fluorocyclopentane carboxylic acid (FCP, 4).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Richard B. Silverman
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
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11
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Zhu W, Doubleday PF, Catlin DS, Weerawarna PM, Butrin A, Shen S, Wawrzak Z, Kelleher NL, Liu D, Silverman RB. A Remarkable Difference That One Fluorine Atom Confers on the Mechanisms of Inactivation of Human Ornithine Aminotransferase by Two Cyclohexene Analogues of γ-Aminobutyric Acid. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:4892-4903. [PMID: 32114761 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Human ornithine aminotransferase (hOAT), a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme, plays a critical role in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Pharmacological selective inhibition of hOAT has been shown to be a potential therapeutic approach for HCC. Inspired by the discovery of the nonselective aminotransferase inactivator (1R,3S,4S)-3-amino-4-fluoro cyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid (1), in this work, we rationally designed, synthesized, and evaluated a novel series of fluorine-substituted cyclohexene analogues, thereby identifying 8 and 9 as novel selective hOAT time-dependent inhibitors. Intact protein mass spectrometry and protein crystallography demonstrated 8 and 9 as covalent inhibitors of hOAT, which exhibit two distinct inactivation mechanisms resulting from the difference of a single fluorine atom. Interestingly, they share a similar turnover mechanism, according to the mass spectrometry-based analysis of metabolites and fluoride ion release experiments. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and electrostatic potential (ESP) charge calculations were conducted, which elucidated the significant influence of the one-fluorine difference on the corresponding intermediates, leading to two totally different inactivation pathways. The novel addition-aromatization inactivation mechanism for 9 contributes to its significantly enhanced potency, along with excellent selectivity over other aminotransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, and Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Peter F Doubleday
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Daniel S Catlin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60660, United States
| | - Pathum M Weerawarna
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, and Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Arseniy Butrin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60660, United States
| | - Sida Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, and Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zdzislaw Wawrzak
- Synchrotron Research Center, LS-CAT, Sector 21, Northwestern University, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Neil L Kelleher
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, and Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Dali Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60660, United States
| | - Richard B Silverman
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, and Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
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12
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Mei H, Han J, Klika KD, Izawa K, Sato T, Meanwell NA, Soloshonok VA. Applications of fluorine-containing amino acids for drug design. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 186:111826. [PMID: 31740056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Fluorine-containing amino acids are becoming increasingly prominent in new drugs due to two general trends in the modern pharmaceutical industry. Firstly, the growing acceptance of peptides and modified peptides as drugs; and secondly, fluorine editing has become a prevalent protocol in drug-candidate optimization. Accordingly, fluorine-containing amino acids represent one of the more promising and rapidly developing areas of research in organic, bio-organic and medicinal chemistry. The goal of this Review article is to highlight the current state-of-the-art in this area by profiling 42 selected compounds that combine fluorine and amino acid structural elements. The compounds under discussion represent pharmaceutical drugs currently on the market, or in clinical trials as well as examples of drug-candidates that although withdrawn from development had a significant impact on the progress of medicinal chemistry and/or provided a deeper understanding of the nature and mechanism of biological action. For each compound, we present features of biological activity, a brief history of the design principles and the development of the synthetic approach, focusing on the source of tailor-made amino acid structures and fluorination methods. General aspects of the medicinal chemistry of fluorine-containing amino acids and synthetic methodology are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Mei
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Jianlin Han
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Karel D Klika
- Molecular Structure Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kunisuke Izawa
- Hamari Chemicals Ltd., 1-4-29 Kunijima, Higashi-Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, 533-0024, Japan.
| | - Tatsunori Sato
- Hamari Chemicals Ltd., 1-4-29 Kunijima, Higashi-Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, 533-0024, Japan
| | - Nicholas A Meanwell
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ, 08543-4000, United States.
| | - Vadim A Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 3, Plaza Bizkaia, 48013, Bilbao, Spain.
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13
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Giofrè S, Sala R, Beccalli EM, Presti LL, Broggini G. Iodoamination of Alkenyl Sulfonamides by Potassium Iodide and Hydrogen Peroxide in Aqueous Medium. Helv Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201900088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Giofrè
- DISFARM, Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica ‘A. Marchesini'Università degli Studi di Milano Via Venezian 21 IT-20133 Milano Italy
| | - Roberto Sala
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta TecnologiaUniversità degli Studi dell'Insubria Via Valleggio 9 IT-22100 Como Italy
| | - Egle Maria Beccalli
- DISFARM, Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica ‘A. Marchesini'Università degli Studi di Milano Via Venezian 21 IT-20133 Milano Italy
| | - Leonardo Lo Presti
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19 IT-20133 Milano Italy
| | - Gianluigi Broggini
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta TecnologiaUniversità degli Studi dell'Insubria Via Valleggio 9 IT-22100 Como Italy
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14
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Lei B, Miao Q, Ma L, Fu R, Hu F, Ni N, Li Z. Efficient metal-free aminoiodination of alkenes with N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide under mild conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:2126-2133. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob03019g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel regioselective and stereoselective transition-metal-free aminoiodination of alkenes through an iodonium intermediate using NFSI as both the oxidant and amino precursor under mild conditions with a broad alkene scope is disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Lei
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Qi Miao
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Lifang Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Ruoqi Fu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Fangrong Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Ni Ni
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Ziyuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
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15
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Remete AM, Nonn M, Fustero S, Fülöp F, Kiss L. Synthesis of fluorinated amino acid derivatives through late-stage deoxyfluorinations. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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16
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Kong DH, An YL, Shao ZY, Zhao SY. Copper-Catalysed Bromoamination of Maleimides using NBS as the Bromine Source. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.3184/174751918x15359929315492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
CuBr2-catalysed bromoamination of maleimides has been achieved in THF with alkylamines and N-bromosuccinimide as nitrogen and bromine sources respectively. The reaction conditions were optimised. A series of bromoamination products such as 3-amino-4-bromomaleimides was synthesised with satisfactory yields. Furthermore, a plausible mechanism of the bromoamination of maleimides was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Huan Kong
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Long An
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Yu Shao
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Yin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P.R. China
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17
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Mo JN, Yu WL, Chen JQ, Hu XQ, Xu PF. Regiospecific Three-Component Aminofluorination of Olefins via Photoredox Catalysis. Org Lett 2018; 20:4471-4474. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Nan Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Wan-Lei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Qiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Qin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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18
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Moschitto MJ, Silverman RB. Synthesis of ( S)-3-Amino-4-(difluoromethylenyl)-cyclopent-1-ene-1-carboxylic Acid (OV329), a Potent Inactivator of γ-Aminobutyric Acid Aminotransferase. Org Lett 2018; 20:4589-4592. [PMID: 30009604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
( S)-3-Amino-4-(difluoromethylenyl)cyclopent-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid (OV329, 1) is being developed for the treatment of epilepsy and addiction. The previous 14-step synthesis of OV329 was low yielding, involved an unselective α-elimination to form the cyclopentene, required the use of tert-butyllithium, and produced toxic selenium byproducts in the penultimate step. A new synthesis, which avoids the aforementioned issues, was carried out on large scale, reducing the step count from 14 to 9 steps and increasing the overall yield from 3.7% to 8.1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Moschitto
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, and Center for Developmental Therapeutics , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Richard B Silverman
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, and Center for Developmental Therapeutics , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
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19
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Silverman RB. Design and Mechanism of GABA Aminotransferase Inactivators. Treatments for Epilepsies and Addictions. Chem Rev 2018; 118:4037-4070. [PMID: 29569907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
When the brain concentration of the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) diminishes below a threshold level, the excess neuronal excitation can lead to convulsions. This imbalance in neurotransmission can be corrected by inhibition of the enzyme γ-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase (GABA-AT), which catalyzes the conversion of GABA to the excitatory neurotransmitter l-glutamic acid. It also has been found that raising GABA levels can antagonize the rapid elevation and release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens, which is responsible for the reward response in addiction. Therefore, the design of new inhibitors of GABA-AT, which increases brain GABA levels, is an important approach to new treatments for epilepsy and addiction. This review summarizes findings over the last 40 or so years of mechanism-based inactivators (unreactive compounds that require the target enzyme to catalyze their conversion to the inactivating species, which inactivate the enzyme prior to their release) of GABA-AT with emphasis on their catalytic mechanisms of inactivation, presented according to organic chemical mechanism, with minimal pharmacology, except where important for activity in epilepsy and addiction. Patents, abstracts, and conference proceedings are not covered in this review. The inactivation mechanisms described here can be applied to the inactivations of a wide variety of unrelated enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Silverman
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Center for Developmental Therapeutics , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , United States
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20
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Wang Z, Lin L, Zhou P, Liu X, Feng X. Chiral N,N′-dioxide-Sc(NTf2)3 complex-catalyzed asymmetric bromoamination of chalones with N-bromosuccinimide as both bromine and amide source. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:3462-3465. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc00470b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A chiral N,N′-dioxide-Sc(NTf2)3 complex catalytic system has been developed to catalyze the asymmetric bromoamination reaction of chalones with N-bromosuccinimide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengmeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
| | - Lili Lin
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
| | - Pengfei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
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21
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Zhang J, Liu Y, Borjihan G, He W. Crystal structure of 2-(bromomethyl)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-tosylpyrrolidine, C 18H 19BrClNO 2S 2. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2016-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C18H19BrClNO2S2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 21.324(6) Å, b = 5.8597(16) Å, c = 14.966(4) Å, β = 95.558(5)°, V = 1861.2(9) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0454, wR
ref
(F
2) = 0.1258, T = 296(2) K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfang Zhang
- Institute of Inner Mongolia Medicine Chemistry, Inner Mongolia University, 235 Da Xue West Road, Hohhot 010020, PR China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi an 710032, PR China
| | - Yulong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi an 710032, PR China
| | - Gereltu Borjihan
- Institute of Inner Mongolia Medicine Chemistry, Inner Mongolia University, 235 Da Xue West Road, Hohhot 010020, PR China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi an 710032, PR China
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22
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Ivleva EA, Tkachenko IM, Gavrilova VS, Klimochkin YN. Synthesis of amino polycarboxylic acids of the adamantane series. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428016100043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Zhang J, Wang X, Liu Y, Wang X, He W. Palladium-catalyzed highly selective intramolecular bromoamination of alkenes: Efficient synthesis of substituted pyrrolidines. Appl Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingfang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an 710032 People's Republic of China
| | - Xie Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an 710032 People's Republic of China
| | - Yulong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an 710032 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an 710032 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an 710032 People's Republic of China
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24
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Palladium-catalyzed intramolecular aminoiodination of alkenes using molecular oxygen as oxidant. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-016-1819-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qiu Pu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & Institute of Fine Chemicals; East China University of Science and Technology; 130 Meilong Road Shanghai China
| | - Hai-Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & Institute of Fine Chemicals; East China University of Science and Technology; 130 Meilong Road Shanghai China
| | - Ze-Hai Lu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & Institute of Fine Chemicals; East China University of Science and Technology; 130 Meilong Road Shanghai China
| | - Xiao-Peng He
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & Institute of Fine Chemicals; East China University of Science and Technology; 130 Meilong Road Shanghai China
| | - Xian-Jin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & Institute of Fine Chemicals; East China University of Science and Technology; 130 Meilong Road Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Science; 345 Lingling Road 200032 Shanghai China
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26
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Song L, Luo S, Cheng JP. Visible-light promoted intermolecular halofunctionalization of alkenes with N-halogen saccharins. Org Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5qo00432b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple and efficient visible-light promoted intermolecular haloamination and haloetherification of alkenes was reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Sanzhong Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Jin-Pei Cheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
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27
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Chen Z, Xia W, Liu D, Liu Y, Du M, Cao C. NaHCO3-Catalyzed Hihgly Regiospecific Aminobromination of ß,ß-Dicyanostyrene Derivatives with 1,3-Dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DBDMH). J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201400526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Saulnier S, Ciardi M, Lopez-Carrillo V, Gualandi A, Cozzi PG. A Versatile Organocatalytic Approach for the Synthesis of Enantioenriched gem-Difluorinated Compounds. Chemistry 2015; 21:13689-95. [PMID: 26239866 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The combination of a practical and highly enantioselective organocatalytic reaction, which allows the stereoselective introduction of a benzodithiol group, with a fluorination step, gives a new and effective strategy for the stereoselective synthesis of difluorinated building blocks. The benzodithiol group is a versatile and chameleonic group that can be further functionalized before fluorination, giving customized and tailored useful synthetic strategies. As an example of the application of this facile strategy, the effective enantioselective synthesis of difluoroarundic acid is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Saulnier
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", ALMA MATER STUDIORUM, Università di Bologna, Via A. Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna (Italy)
| | - Moira Ciardi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", ALMA MATER STUDIORUM, Università di Bologna, Via A. Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna (Italy).,Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Croix du Sud, 1 bte L7.04.02, room a.241, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve (Belgium)
| | - Veronica Lopez-Carrillo
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", ALMA MATER STUDIORUM, Università di Bologna, Via A. Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna (Italy)
| | - Andrea Gualandi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", ALMA MATER STUDIORUM, Università di Bologna, Via A. Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna (Italy)
| | - Pier Giorgio Cozzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", ALMA MATER STUDIORUM, Università di Bologna, Via A. Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna (Italy).
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29
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Chen P, Liu G. Advancements in Aminofluorination of Alkenes and Alkynes: Convenient Access to β-Fluoroamines. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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30
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Qi J, Fan GT, Chen J, Sun MH, Dong YT, Zhou L. Catalytic enantioselective bromoamination of allylic alcohols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:13841-4. [PMID: 25259372 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc05772d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An enantioselective bromoamination of allylic alcohols has been developed for the first time using a newly designed cinchona-derived thiourea as the catalyst and N,N-dibromo-4-nitrobenzenesulfonamide as a bromine and amine source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China.
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31
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Yu WZ, Chen F, Cheng YA, Yeung YY. Catalyst-Free and Metal-Free Electrophilic Bromoamidation of Unactivated Olefins Using the N-Bromosuccinimide/Sulfonamide Protocol. J Org Chem 2015; 80:2815-21. [DOI: 10.1021/jo502416r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Zongrong Yu
- 3 Science Drive 3, Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Feng Chen
- 3 Science Drive 3, Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Yi An Cheng
- 3 Science Drive 3, Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Ying-Yeung Yeung
- 3 Science Drive 3, Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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32
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Aminobromination of ethyl α-cyanocinnamate derivatives with 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin(DBDMH) as nitrogen and halogen sources. Chem Res Chin Univ 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-015-4341-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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33
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Sun K, Ma F, Liu L, Sun J, Liu X, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Zhang G. Iodine-mediated regioselective C–N and C–I bond formation of alkenes. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14407h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Iodine mediated intermolecular C–N and C–I bonds formation of alkenes was realized. A series of alkenes could be converted into the aminoiodination products, which are versatile building blocks in organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Normal University
| | - Fengji Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anyang Normal University
- Anyang
- P. R. China
| | - Lulu Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anyang Normal University
- Anyang
- P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anyang Normal University
- Anyang
- P. R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anyang Normal University
- Anyang
- P. R. China
| | - Yachao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anyang Normal University
- Anyang
- P. R. China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Normal University
| | - Guisheng Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Normal University
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34
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Liu GQ, Li YM. Regioselective (Diacetoxyiodo)benzene-Promoted Halocyclization of Unfunctionalized Olefins. J Org Chem 2014; 79:10094-109. [DOI: 10.1021/jo501739j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gong-Qing Liu
- College
of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue-Ming Li
- College
of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
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35
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Mizar P, Burrelli A, Günther E, Söftje M, Farooq U, Wirth T. Organocatalytic stereoselective iodoamination of alkenes. Chemistry 2014; 20:13113-6. [PMID: 25156303 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A new chiral thiohydantoin catalyst is used for the stereoselective iodoamination of alkenes. N-iodosuccinimide as the source of the electrophilic iodine is activated by catalytic amounts of different additives which also influence the regioselectivity of some cyclizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpak Mizar
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Main Building, Cardiff CF10 3AT (UK), Fax: (+44) 29-2087-6968
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36
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Slama S, Besbes R. Stereoselective synthesis of erythro-β-chloroamines and their conversion into functionalized trans-oxazolidin-2-ones. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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37
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Liu L, Zhang-Negrerie D, Du Y, Zhao K. PhICl2 and Wet DMF: An Efficient System for Regioselective Chloroformyloxylation/α-Chlorination of Alkenes/α,β-Unsaturated Compounds. Org Lett 2014; 16:436-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol403321n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Le Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Daisy Zhang-Negrerie
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yunfei Du
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Kang Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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38
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Song L, Luo S, Cheng JP. Catalytic Intermolecular Haloamidation of Simple Alkenes with N-Halophthalimide as Both Nitrogen and Halogen Source. Org Lett 2013; 15:5702-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol402726d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecule Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory for Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Sanzhong Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecule Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory for Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jin-Pei Cheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecule Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory for Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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39
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Geoghegan K, Smullen S, Evans P. Halonium ion triggered rearrangement of unsaturated benzo-annulated bi- and tricyclic sulfonamides. J Org Chem 2013; 78:10443-51. [PMID: 24090121 DOI: 10.1021/jo401888f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The halonium ion mediated 1,2-Wagner-Meerwein-type rearrangement of a series of benzo-fused bi- and tricyclic sulfonamides is reported. During this rearrangement the carbon-carbon bond that migrates was selectively set in the intramolecular Mizoroki-Heck (IHR) synthesis of the starting materials. Consequently, this method constitutes a means to access the regioisomeric series of cyclic sulfonamides not observed during the Mizoroki-Heck reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Geoghegan
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin , Dublin 4, Ireland
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40
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Cai Y, Liu X, Zhou P, Kuang Y, Lin L, Feng X. Iron-catalyzed asymmetric haloamination reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:8054-6. [PMID: 23903004 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc44421j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first iron(III)/N,N'-dioxide-catalyzed asymmetric haloamination of 3-alkylidene- and 3-arylidene-indolin-2-ones was developed, affording the corresponding chiral oxindole derivatives bearing vicinal haloamine substituents with excellent results (up to 99% yield, 99% ee, >19 : 1 dr). This iron catalyst also exhibits perfect enantioselectivity for chalcone derivatives. The cooperative activation of the substrate and the reagent in concert guarantees the high stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
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41
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Abstract
Catalytic aminohalogenation methods enable the regio- and stereoselective vicinal difunctionalization of alkynes, allenes and alkenes with amine and halogen moieties. A range of protocols and reaction mechanisms including organometallic, Lewis base, Lewis acid and Brønsted acid catalysis have been disclosed, enabling the regio- and stereoselective synthesis of halogen-functionalized acyclic amines and nitrogen heterocycles. Recent advances including aminofluorination and catalytic enantioselective aminohalogenation reactions are summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry R. Chemler
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Michael T. Bovino
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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42
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Chen S, Han J, Li G, Pan Y. Highly diastereoselective aminobromination of β-methyl-β-nitrostyrenes with t-butyl N,N-dibromocarbamate/t-butyl carbamate as bromine/nitrogen sources. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.02.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry R. Chemler
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo,
New York, United States
| | - Michael T. Bovino
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo,
New York, United States
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44
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Vainer AY, Dyumaev KM, Eremina LA, Malbin LA, Pronyagin PV, Sukharskaya SN. Polymers for nanolitography: New strategy of the design and synthesis of copolymers based on methacrylic acid derivatives with cyclobutyldicyclopropylmethyloxymethyl, 3-sulfolanyl, and 1-perfluoroethylcyclohexyl pendant groups. DOKLADY PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0012501613040039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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45
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Rodríguez-Vázquez N, Salzinger S, Silva LF, Amorín M, Granja JR. Synthesis of Cyclic γ-Amino Acids for Foldamers and Peptide Nanotubes. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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46
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Tay DW, Tsoi IT, Er JC, Leung GYC, Yeung YY. Lewis basic selenium catalyzed chloroamidation of olefins using nitriles as the nucleophiles. Org Lett 2013; 15:1310-3. [PMID: 23461531 DOI: 10.1021/ol400249x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A Lewis base catalyzed chloroamidation of olefinic substrates was achieved using diphenyl selenide as the catalyst. The reaction conditions are mild and suitable for a wide range of substrates including those which are acid labile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Weiliang Tay
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
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47
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Brindle CS, Yeung CS, Jacobsen EN. Chiral β-Iodoamines by Urea-Catalyzed Iodocyclization of Trichloroacetimidates. Chem Sci 2013; 4. [PMID: 24416631 DOI: 10.1039/c3sc50410g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly enantioselective vicinal iodoamination of olefins is accomplished through the iodocyclization of alkenyl trichloroacetimidates catalyzed by a new chiral Schiff-base urea derivative. The resulting products are converted readily to a variety of polyfunctional amine-containing chiral building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheyenne S Brindle
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Charles S Yeung
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Eric N Jacobsen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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48
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Hawker DD, Silverman RB. Synthesis and evaluation of novel heteroaromatic substrates of GABA aminotransferase. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:5763-73. [PMID: 22944334 PMCID: PMC3448830 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two principal neurotransmitters are involved in the regulation of mammalian neuronal activity, namely, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), an inhibitory neurotransmitter, and L-glutamic acid, an excitatory neurotransmitter. Low GABA levels in the brain have been implicated in epilepsy and several other neurological diseases. Because of GABA's poor ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a successful strategy to raise brain GABA concentrations is the use of a compound that does cross the BBB and inhibits or inactivates GABA aminotransferase (GABA-AT), the enzyme responsible for GABA catabolism. Vigabatrin, a mechanism-based inactivator of GABA-AT, is currently a successful therapeutic for epilepsy, but has harmful side effects, leaving a need for improved GABA-AT inactivators. Here, we report the synthesis and evaluation of a series of heteroaromatic GABA analogues as substrates of GABA-AT, which will be used as the basis for the design of novel enzyme inactivators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin D. Hawker
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, and Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA
| | - Richard B. Silverman
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, and Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA
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49
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Qian Y, Ji X, Zhou W, Han J, Li G, Pan Y. Aminochlorination reaction with N-chlorophthalimide as a new nitrogen/chlorine source resulting in α-amino derivatives. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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50
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Alix A, Lalli C, Retailleau P, Masson G. Highly enantioselective electrophilic α-bromination of enecarbamates: chiral phosphoric acid and calcium phosphate salt catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:10389-92. [PMID: 22686436 DOI: 10.1021/ja304095z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metal-free chiral phosphoric acids and chiral calcium phosphates both catalyze highly enantio- and diastereoselective electrophilic α-bromination of enecarbamates to provide an atom-economical synthesis of enantioenriched vicinal haloamines. Either enantiomer can be formed in good yield with excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivity simply by switching the catalyst from a phosphoric acid to its calcium salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Alix
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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