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Taliani S, Da Settimo F, Martini C, Laneri S, Novellino E, Greco G. Exploiting the Indole Scaffold to Design Compounds Binding to Different Pharmacological Targets. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102331. [PMID: 32429433 PMCID: PMC7287756 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several indole derivatives have been disclosed by our research groups that have been collaborating for nearly 25 years. The results of our investigations led to a variety of molecules binding selectively to different pharmacological targets, specifically the type A γ-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) chloride channel, the translocator protein (TSPO), the murine double minute 2 (MDM2) protein, the A2B adenosine receptor (A2B AR) and the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1). Herein, we describe how these works were conceived and carried out thanks to the versatility of indole nucleus to be exploited in the design and synthesis of drug-like molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Taliani
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano, 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.D.S.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence: (S.T.); (G.G.); Tel.: +39-050-2219547 (S.T.); +39-081-678645 (G.G.)
| | - Federico Da Settimo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano, 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.D.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Claudia Martini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano, 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.D.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Sonia Laneri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.L.); (E.N.)
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.L.); (E.N.)
| | - Giovanni Greco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.L.); (E.N.)
- Correspondence: (S.T.); (G.G.); Tel.: +39-050-2219547 (S.T.); +39-081-678645 (G.G.)
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Li L, Zhang F, Deng GJ, Gong H. Palladium-Catalyzed Direct α-Ketoesterification of 8-Methylquinoline Derivatives with α-Ketoacids via Dehydrogenation Coupling Reaction. Org Lett 2018; 20:7321-7325. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lesong Li
- The Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province; The Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- College of Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Guo-Jun Deng
- The Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province; The Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Hang Gong
- The Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province; The Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
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3
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Novel fluorescent triazinobenzimidazole derivatives as probes for labelling human A 1 and A 2B adenosine receptor subtypes. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:5885-5895. [PMID: 30415894 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The expression levels and the subcellular localization of adenosine receptors (ARs) are affected in several pathological conditions as a consequence of changes in adenosine release and metabolism. In this respect, labelled probes able to monitor the AR expression could be a useful tool to investigate different pathological conditions. Herein, novel ligands for ARs, bearing the fluorescent 7-nitrobenzofurazan (NBD) group linked to the N1 (1,2) or N10 (3,4) nitrogen of a triazinobenzimidazole scaffold, were synthesized. The compounds were biologically evaluated as fluorescent probes for labelling A1 and A2B AR subtypes in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) that express both receptor subtypes. The binding affinity of the synthetized compounds towards the different AR subtypes was determined. The probe 3 revealed a higher affinity to A1 and A2B ARs, showing interesting spectroscopic properties, and it was selected as the most suitable candidate to label both AR subtypes in undifferentiated MSCs. Fluorescence confocal microscopy showed that compound 3 significantly labelled ARs on cell membranes and the fluorescence signal was decreased by the cell pre-incubation with the A1 AR and A2B AR selective agonists, R-PIA and BAY 60-6583, respectively, thus confirming the specificity of the obtained signal. In conclusion, compound 3 could represent a useful tool to investigate the expression pattern of both A1 and A2B ARs in different pathological and physiological processes. Furthermore, these results provide an important basis for the design of new and more selective derivatives able to monitor the expression and localization of each different ARs in several tissues and living cells.
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Petroni D, Giacomelli C, Taliani S, Barresi E, Robello M, Daniele S, Bartoli A, Burchielli S, Pardini S, Salvadori PA, Da Settimo F, Martini C, Trincavelli ML, Menichetti L. Toward PET imaging of A2B adenosine receptors: a carbon-11 labeled triazinobenzimidazole tracer: Synthesis and imaging of a new A2B PET tracer. Nucl Med Biol 2016; 43:309-17. [PMID: 27150034 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A2B adenosine receptors (ARs) are commonly defined as "danger" sensors because they are triggered during cell injury when the endogenous molecule, adenosine, increases rapidly. These receptors, together with the other receptor subtypes (A1, A2A and A3), exert a wide variety of immunomodulating and (cyto)protective effects, thus representing a pivotal therapeutic target for different pathologies including diabetes, tumors, cardiovascular diseases, pulmonary fibrosis and others. The limited availability of potent and selective ligands for A2B ARs has prevented this receptor to emerge both as therapeutic and diagnostic target. METHODS Recently, a new class of potent A2B ARs antagonists was developed featuring the triazinobenzimidazole scaffold. Starting from this chemotype, we synthesized a new radiotracer, [(11)C]-4 (1-[(11)C]methyl-3-phenyl triazino[4,3-a]benzimidazol-4(1H)-one), and investigated the pharmacokinetics of this compound in vivo to define its potential use in the imaging of A2B AR with positron emission tomography. RESULTS [(11)C]-4 showed a very high chemical and blood stability. Results of in vivo and ex vivo experiments underlined the ability of this molecule to bind the A2B AR and correlated with the A2B AR protein and gene expression data. CONCLUSIONS Although further studies are necessary, these data suggest that [(11)C]-4 may represent a good lead compound for the development of novel selective and potent A2B AR radiotracers, and a new option for the clinical investigation of several pathophysiological processes and chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Petroni
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Moruzzi, 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Giacomelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sabrina Taliani
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, I-56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Barresi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Robello
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Daniele
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonietta Bartoli
- Molecular Imaging Center, Università di Torino, Via Nizza, 52, I-10125 Ivrea, Italy
| | - Silvia Burchielli
- Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Via Moruzzi, 1, I-56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Pardini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Moruzzi, 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Piero A Salvadori
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Moruzzi, 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Da Settimo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Martini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Luca Menichetti
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Moruzzi, 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy; Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Via Moruzzi, 1, I-56124, Pisa, Italy
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Da Pozzo E, La Pietra V, Cosimelli B, Da Settimo F, Giacomelli C, Marinelli L, Martini C, Novellino E, Taliani S, Greco G. p53 functional inhibitors behaving like pifithrin-β counteract the Alzheimer peptide non-β-amyloid component effects in human SH-SY5Y cells. ACS Chem Neurosci 2014; 5:390-9. [PMID: 24646317 DOI: 10.1021/cn4002208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) develops from a complex setting of genetic and biochemical alterations, including an increased level of p53 in the brain. Here, the robust and specific activation of p53 by the fibrillar non-β-amyloid component (NAC) of AD was demonstrated in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. For the first time, the increase in the level of p53 target gene transcription, the cell cycle arrest, and the induction of apoptosis elicited by NAC were evidenced. These effects were counterbalanced by pifithrin-β, a small molecule interfering with the p53 functions. Using the structure of a pifithrin-β analogue as a reference, a pharmacophore-based virtual screening of the ZINC database was performed. Among the resulting hits, 20 druglike heterocyclic compounds were selected and evaluated for their neuroprotective activity against fibrillar NAC in the human SH-SY5Y cellular model. Three compounds exhibited neuroprotective effects. In particular, 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-7H-pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine resulted in a promising lead compound for further development of anti-AD agents in terms of neuroprotection, reducing the rate of NAC-induced cell death with an activity higher than that of pifithrin-β, as a result of a more effective functional inhibition of p53 target gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Da Pozzo
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valeria La Pietra
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Barbara Cosimelli
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Federico Da Settimo
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Giacomelli
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luciana Marinelli
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Martini
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sabrina Taliani
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Greco
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
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6
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Taliani S, Trincavelli ML, Cosimelli B, Laneri S, Severi E, Barresi E, Pugliesi I, Daniele S, Giacomelli C, Greco G, Novellino E, Martini C, Da Settimo F. Modulation of A2B adenosine receptor by 1-Benzyl-3-ketoindole derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 69:331-7. [PMID: 24077183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We have disclosed a series of 1-benzyl-3-ketoindole derivatives acting as either positive or negative modulators of the human A(2B) adenosine receptor (A(2B) AR) depending on small differences in their side chain. The new compounds were designed taking into account structural similarities between AR antagonists and ligands of the GABA(A)/benzodiazepine receptor. All compounds resulted totally inactive at A(2A) and A₃ ARs and showed small (8a,b) or none (7a,b, 8c and 9a,b) affinity for A₁ AR. When tested on A(2B) AR-transfected CHO cells, 7a,b and 8a acted as positive modulators, whereas 8b,c and 9a,b acted as negative modulators, enhancing or weakening the NECA-induced increase of cAMP levels, respectively. Compounds 7-9 might be regarded as useful biological and pharmacological tools to explore the therapeutic potential of A(2B) AR modulators, while their 3-ketoindole scaffold might be taken as a reference to design new analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Taliani
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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7
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Taliani S, Pugliesi I, Barresi E, Simorini F, Salerno S, La Motta C, Marini AM, Cosimelli B, Cosconati S, Di Maro S, Marinelli L, Daniele S, Trincavelli ML, Greco G, Novellino E, Martini C, Da Settimo F. 3-aryl-[1,2,4]triazino[4,3-a]benzimidazol-4(10H)-one: a novel template for the design of highly selective A₂B adenosine receptor antagonists. J Med Chem 2012; 55:1490-9. [PMID: 22257095 DOI: 10.1021/jm201177b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to identify novel ligands possessing high affinity and selectivity for the A(2B) AR subtype, we further investigated the class of 3-aryl[1,2,4]triazino[4,3-a]benzimidazol-4(10H)-ones V, previously disclosed by us as selective A(1) AR antagonists. Preliminary assays on a number of triazinobenzimidazoles derived from our "in-house" collection revealed that all the derivatives selected showed significant affinity at A(2B) AR, no affinity at A(3) AR, and various degrees of selectivity toward A(1) and A(2A) ARs. Investigation of a new series featuring modified substituents at the 10-position (4'-chlorophenyl or phenylethyl groups), and a chlorine atom at the 7-position (X) of the triazinobenzimidazole nucleus, yielded highly potent and selective A(2B) AR antagonists. The presence of a pendant 3-phenyl ring appears to hamper the interaction with A(2A) AR, conferring high A(2B)/A(2A) AR selectivity. Derivative 13 (X = Cl, R = C(6)H(5)) is the most potent and selective compound, with an IC(50) of 3.10 nM at A(2B) AR and no affinity at A(1), A(2A), and A(3) ARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Taliani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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8
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Scatena A, Fornai F, Trincavelli ML, Taliani S, Daniele S, Pugliesi I, Cosconati S, Martini C, Da Settimo F. 3-(Fur-2-yl)-10-(2-phenylethyl)-[1,2,4]triazino[4,3-a]benzimidazol-4(10H)-one, a novel adenosine receptor antagonist with A(2A)-mediated neuroprotective effects. ACS Chem Neurosci 2011; 2:526-35. [PMID: 22860174 DOI: 10.1021/cn200036s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, compound FTBI (3-(2-furyl)-10-(2-phenylethyl)[1,2,4]triazino[4,3-a]benzimidazol-4(10H)-one) was selected from a small library of triazinobenzimidazole derivatives as a potent A(2A) adenosine receptor (AR) antagonist and tested for its neuroprotective effects against two different kinds of dopaminergic neurotoxins, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and methamphetamine (METH), in rat PC12 and in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell lines. FTBI, in a concentration range corresponding to its affinity for A(2A) AR subtype, significantly increased the number of viable PC12 cells after their exposure to METH and, to a similar extent, to MPP+, as demonstrated in both trypan blue exclusion assay and in cytological staining. These neuroprotective effects were also observed with a classical A(2A) AR antagonist, ZM241385, and appeared to be completely counteracted by the AR agonist, NECA, supporting A(2A) ARs are directly involved in FTBI-mediated effects. Similarly, in human SH-SY5Y cells, FTBI was able to prevent cell toxicity induced by MPP+ and METH, showing that this A(2A) AR antagonist has a neuroprotective effect independently by the specific cell model. Altogether these results demonstrate that the A(2A) AR blockade mediates cell protection against neurotoxicity induced by dopaminergic neurotoxins in dopamine containing cells, supporting the potential use of A(2A) AR antagonists in dopaminergic degenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Scatena
- Dipartimento di Morfologia Umana e Biologia Applicata, Università di Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Fornai
- Dipartimento di Morfologia Umana e Biologia Applicata, Università di Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Neurobiologia dei disturbi del movimento, IRCCS INM Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Trincavelli
- Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Neurobiologia, Farmacologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sabrina Taliani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Daniele
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Isabella Pugliesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sandro Cosconati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Seconda Università di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Claudia Martini
- Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Neurobiologia, Farmacologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Da Settimo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Synthesis of 2-aryl-4-(benzimidazol-2-yl)-1,2-dihydro[1,2,4]triazino-[4,5-a]benzimidazol-1-one derivatives with preferential cytotoxicity against carcinoma cell lines. Eur J Med Chem 2008; 43:449-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2007.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2006] [Revised: 01/03/2007] [Accepted: 01/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Da Settimo F, Primofiore G, Taliani S, Marini AM, La Motta C, Simorini F, Salerno S, Sergianni V, Tuccinardi T, Martinelli A, Cosimelli B, Greco G, Novellino E, Ciampi O, Trincavelli ML, Martini C. 5-amino-2-phenyl[1,2,3]triazolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]benzotriazin-1-one: a versatile scaffold to obtain potent and selective A3 adenosine receptor antagonists. J Med Chem 2007; 50:5676-84. [PMID: 17927167 DOI: 10.1021/jm0708376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Binding assays on human A1, A2A, and A3 adenosine receptors (ARs) and functional studies on A2B ARs revealed that various 2-phenyl[1,2,3]triazolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]benzotriazin-1,5(6H)-diones VIII, previously reported as ligands at the central benzodiazepine receptor (BzR), possess nanomolar affinity at the A3 AR. Replacement of the amide of VIII with an amidine moiety gave the 5-amino-2-phenyl[1,2,3]triazolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]benzotriazin-1-ones IX, which maintain a nanomolar potency at the A3 AR with selectivity over the BzR. Insertion of a p-methoxybenzoyl at the 5-amino moiety enhanced A3 AR affinity and selectivity over the A1, A2A, and A2B ARs. The best result of our lead optimization efforts is 9-chloro-5-(4-methoxybenzoyl)amino-2-phenyl[1,2,3]triazolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]benzotriazin-1-one (23), which displayed a Ki of 1.6 nM at the A3 AR and no significant affinity at the other ARs or the BzR. Docking simulations on selected ligands into a model of the A3 AR allowed us to rationalize the structure-activity relationships of phenyltriazolobenzotriazindiones VIII and aminophenyltriazolobenzotriazinones IX at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Da Settimo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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11
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12
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Primofiore G, Da Settimo F, Marini AM, Simorini F, La Motta C, Taliani S, Laneri S, Trincavelli L, Martini C. Synthesis and benzodiazepine receptor affinity of derivatives of the new tricyclic heteroaromatic system pyrido[3',2':5,6]thiopyrano[4,3-c]pyridazin-3(2H,5H)-one. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2005; 338:126-32. [PMID: 15799013 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.200400948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Derivatives 7-13 of a new tricyclic heteroaromatic system, pyrido[3',2':5,6]thiopyrano[4,3-c]pyridazin-3(2H,5H)-one, were prepared as potential ligands at the benzodiazepine receptor, in view of their structural analogy with potent ligands such as the pyrazoloquinolines of the CGS series II, and especially with the benzothiopyrano[4,3-c]pyridazinones VI. They were obtained starting from the versatile ketones 2,3-dihydrothiopyrano[2,3-b]pyridin-4(4H)-one 1 and the corresponding 7-methyl derivative 2, via condensation with glyoxylic acid, and reaction of the intermediate acid mixtures with hydrazine or substituted phenylhydrazines. When evaluated for their binding affinity at the benzo diazepine receptor in bovine cortical membranes, the target compounds 8-13 displayed an affinity in the micromolar/submicromolar order. A hypothesis is presented to rationalize these results.
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13
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Primofiore G, Da Settimo F, Taliani S, Salerno S, Novellino E, Greco G, Cosimelli B, Besnard F, Costa B, Montali M, Martini C. High Affinity Central Benzodiazepine Receptor Ligands: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a Series of Phenyltriazolobenzotriazindione Derivatives. J Med Chem 2005; 48:2936-43. [PMID: 15828832 DOI: 10.1021/jm0408722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2-phenyl[1,2,3]triazolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]benzotriazin-1,5(6H)-diones (PTBTs), VII, were prepared and tested at the central benzodiazepine receptor (BzR). The skeleton of these compounds was designed by formally combining the N-C=O moieties of the known BzR ligands, triazoloquinoxalines (IV) and triazinobenzimidazoles (ATBIs) (VI). Most of the PTBTs displayed submicromolar/nanomolar potency at the BzR. The 9-chloro derivatives (45-49) were generally found to be more potent than their 9-unsubstituted counterparts (37-44). Compound 45 turned out to be the most potent of the PTBTs (K(i) 2.8 nM). A subset of compounds (37, 42, 45, 49), when tested for their affinity on recombinant rat alpha1beta2gamma2, alpha2beta2gamma2, and alpha5beta3gamma2 GABA(A)/Bz receptor subtypes, showed enhanced affinities for the alpha1beta2gamma2 isoform, with compounds 45 and 49 exhibiting the highest selectivity. Moreover, compounds 45 and 49 were found to display a full agonist efficacy profile at alpha1 and alpha2 receptor subtypes, and an antagonist efficacy at alpha5-containing receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampaolo Primofiore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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14
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Kieć-Kononowicz K, Karolak-Wojciechowska J, Michalak B, Pekala E, Schumacher B, Müller CE. Imidazo[2,1-b]thiazepines: synthesis, structure and evaluation of benzodiazepine receptor binding. Eur J Med Chem 2004; 39:205-18. [PMID: 15051168 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2003.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2001] [Revised: 11/10/2003] [Accepted: 11/14/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
As a continuation of our search for new ligands acting on benzodiazepine receptors among the fused 2-thiohydantoin derivatives, a series of 5-substituted imidazo[2,1-b]thiazepines was synthesized and investigated in radioligand binding studies at the benzodiazepine binding site of GABA(A) receptors in rat brain cortical membranes. Among ortho-substituted 5-arylidene-imidazo[2,1-b]thiazepines compounds could be identified which exhibit affinity for the benzodiazepine binding site at low micromolar concentrations. X-ray structure analyses for two compounds (6ae and 6ag) have been performed. In order to analyze the structure-activity relationships, 3D models of all compounds have been completed (using X-ray data). Physicochemical properties calculated (log P and log D) as well as experimental thin layer chromatography data were examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
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Klein G, Acharya AN, Ostresh JM, Houghten RA. Parallel solid-phase synthesis of trisubstituted triazinobenzimidazolediones. JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY 2002; 4:345-51. [PMID: 12099852 DOI: 10.1021/cc010089k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An efficient method for the solid-phase synthesis of trisubstituted [1,3,5]triazino[1,2-a]benzimidazole-2,4(3H,10H)-diones from resin-bound amino acids is described. N-acylation of the primary amine of a resin-bound amino acid with 4-fluoro-3-nitrobenzoic acid, followed by displacement of the fluoro group and reduction of the nitro group, generated a resin-bound o-dianilino derivative. The dianilino compound was treated with cyanogen bromide to generate the corresponding iminobenzimidazole, which, following treatment with N-(chlorocarbonyl)isocyanate, afforded the resin-bound triazinodione derivative. Alkylation of the triazinodione compound with an alkyl halide yielded, following cleavage of the solid-support, the trisubstituted [1,3,5]triazino[1,2-a]benzimidazole-2,4(3H,10H)-dione.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérard Klein
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 3550 General Atomics Court, San Diego, California 92121, USA
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Kieć-Kononowicz K, Handzlik J, Lazewska D, Pȩkala E, Müller CE, Karolak-Wojciechowska J. Imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles, imidazo[2,1-b]imidazoles and Pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazoles. synthesis, structure and evaluation of benzodiazepine receptor binding. J Heterocycl Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570390201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Bilek P, Slouka J. Cyclocondensation Reactions of Heterocyclic Carbonyl Compounds VII‡ Synthesis of some substituted benzo-[1,2,4]triazino[2,3-a]benzimidazoles. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2002. [DOI: 10.1515/hc.2002.8.2.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Da Settimo F, Primofiore G, Da Settimo A, La Motta C, Taliani S, Simorini F, Novellino E, Greco G, Lavecchia A, Boldrini E. [1,2,4]Triazino[4,3-a]benzimidazole acetic acid derivatives: a new class of selective aldose reductase inhibitors. J Med Chem 2001; 44:4359-69. [PMID: 11728182 DOI: 10.1021/jm0109210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Acetic acid derivatives of [1,2,4]triazino[4,3-a]benzimidazole (TBI) were synthesized and tested in vitro and in vivo as a novel class of aldose reductase (ALR2) inhibitors. Compound 3, (10-benzyl[1,2,4]triazino[4,3-a]benzimidazol-3,4(10H)-dion-2-yl)acetic acid, displayed the highest inhibitory activity (IC(50) = 0.36 microM) and was found to be effective in preventing cataract development in severely galactosemic rats when administered as an eyedrop solution. All the compounds investigated were selective for ALR2, since none of them inhibited appreciably aldehyde reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, or glutathione reductase. The activity of 3 was lowered by inserting various substituents on the pendant phenyl ring, by shifting the acetic acid moiety from the 2 to the 3 position of the TBI nucleus, or by cleaving the TBI system to yield benzimidazolylidenehydrazines as open-chain analogues. A three-dimensional model of human ALR2 was built, taking into account the conformational changes induced by the binding of inhibitors such as zopolrestat, to simulate the docking of 3 into the enzyme active site. The theoretical binding mode of 3 was fully consistent with the structure-activity relationships in the TBI series and will guide the design of novel ALR2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Da Settimo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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Da Settimo F, Primofiore G, Taliani S, Marini AM, La Motta C, Novellino E, Greco G, Lavecchia A, Trincavelli L, Martini C. 3-Aryl[1,2,4]triazino[4,3-a]benzimidazol-4(10H)-ones: a new class of selective A1 adenosine receptor antagonists. J Med Chem 2001; 44:316-27. [PMID: 11462973 DOI: 10.1021/jm001054m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Radioligand binding assays using bovine cortical membrane preparations and biochemical in vitro studies revealed that various 3-aryl[1,2,4]triazino[4,3-a]benzimidazol-4(10H)-one (ATBI) derivatives, previously reported by us as ligands of the central benzodiazepine receptor (BzR) (Primofiore, G.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2000, 43, 96-102), behaved as antagonists at the A1 adenosine receptor (A1AR). Alkylation of the nitrogen at position 10 of the triazinobenzimidazole nucleus conferred selectivity for the A1AR vs the BzR. The most potent ligand of the ATBI series (10-methyl-3-phenyl[1,2,4]triazino[4,3-a]benzimidazol-4(10H)-one 12) displayed a Ki value of 63 nM at the A1AR without binding appreciably to the adenosine A2A and A3 nor to the benzodiazepine receptor. Pharmacophore-based modeling studies in which 12 was compared against a set of well-established A1AR antagonists suggested that three hydrogen bonding sites (HB1 acceptor, HB2 and HB3 donors) and three lipophilic pockets (L1, L2, and L3) might be available to antagonists within the A1AR binding cleft. According to the proposed pharmacophore scheme, the lead compound 12 engages interactions with the HB2 site (via the N2 nitrogen) as well as with the L2 and L3 sites (through the pendant and the fused benzene rings). The results of these studies prompted the replacement of the methyl with more lipophilic groups at the 10-position (to fill the putative L1 lipophilic pocket) as a strategy to improve A1AR affinity. Among the new compounds synthesized and tested, the 3,10-diphenyl[1,2,4]triazino[4,3-a]benzimidazol-4(10H)-one (23) was characterized by a Ki value of 18 nM which represents a 3.5-fold gain of A1AR affinity compared with the lead 12. A rhodopsin-based model of the bovine adenosine A1AR was built to highlight the binding mode of 23 and two well-known A1AR antagonists (III and VII) and to guide future lead optimization projects. In our docking simulations, 23 receives a hydrogen bond (via the N1 nitrogen) from the side chain of Asn247 (corresponding to the HB1 and HB2 sites) and fills the L1, L2, and L3 lipophilic pockets with the 10-phenyl, 3-phenyl, and fused benzene rings, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Da Settimo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Pisa, Italy.
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