1
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Studies towards DIAD promoted N-demethylation of N,N-dimethylanilines. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.153915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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2
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Najmi AA, Bischoff R, Permentier HP. N-Dealkylation of Amines. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103293. [PMID: 35630770 PMCID: PMC9146227 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
N-dealkylation, the removal of an N-alkyl group from an amine, is an important chemical transformation which provides routes for the synthesis of a wide range of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, bulk and fine chemicals. N-dealkylation of amines is also an important in vivo metabolic pathway in the metabolism of xenobiotics. Identification and synthesis of drug metabolites such as N-dealkylated metabolites are necessary throughout all phases of drug development studies. In this review, different approaches for the N-dealkylation of amines including chemical, catalytic, electrochemical, photochemical and enzymatic methods will be discussed.
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3
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Lian P, Li R, Wang L, Wan X, Xiang Z, Wan X. Photoredox aerobic oxidation of unreactive amine derivatives through LMCT excitation of copper dichloride. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01032a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Taking advantage of the chlorine radical as a HAT catalyst, a versatile oxidation system for unreactive amines has been well established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Lian
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ruyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiao Wan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zixin Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaobing Wan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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4
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Li J, Kwon E, Lear MJ, Hayashi Y. Halogen Bonding of
N
‐Halosuccinimides with Amines and Effects of
Brønsted
Acids in Quinuclidine‐Catalyzed Halocyclizations. Helv Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202100080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Tohoku University Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Eunsang Kwon
- Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules, Graduate School of Science Tohoku University Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Martin J. Lear
- School of Chemistry University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool Lincoln LN6 7TS United Kingdom
| | - Yujiro Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Tohoku University Sendai 980-8578 Japan
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5
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Firoozi S, Hosseini-Sarvari M. Nanosized CdS as a Reusable Photocatalyst: The Study of Different Reaction Pathways between Tertiary Amines and Aryl Sulfonyl Chlorides through Visible-Light-Induced N-Dealkylation and C-H Activation Processes. J Org Chem 2021; 86:2117-2134. [PMID: 33464894 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
It has been found that the final products of the reaction of sulfonyl chlorides and tertiary amines in the presence of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles under visible light irradiation are highly dependent on the applied reaction conditions. Interestingly, with the change of a reaction condition, different pathways were conducted (visible-light-induced N-dealkylation or sp3 and sp2 C-H activation) that lead to different products such as secondary amines and various sulfonyl compounds. Remarkably, all of these reactions were performed under visible light irradiation and an air atmosphere without any additive or oxidant in benign solvents or under solvent-free conditions. During this study, the CdS nanoparticles as affordable, heterogeneous, and recyclable photocatalysts were designed, successfully synthesized, and fully characterized and applied for these protocols. During these studies, intermediates resulting from the oxidation of tertiary amines are trapped during the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process. The reaction was carried out efficiently with a variety of substrates to give the corresponding products at relatively short times in good to excellent yields in parallel with the use of the visible light irradiation as a renewable energy source. Most of these processes are novel or are superior in terms of cost-effectiveness, safety, and simplicity to published reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Firoozi
- Department of Chemistry, Shiraz University, Shiraz 7194684795, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mona Hosseini-Sarvari
- Department of Chemistry, Shiraz University, Shiraz 7194684795, Islamic Republic of Iran
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6
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Ueda M, Yasui M, Hasegawa M, Konishi K, Takeda N. Dihalogenative Cyclization for the Synthesis of 4-Bromo-1-bromoalkyl-5-aryl/alkyl/alkenyl-pyrazoles. HETEROCYCLES 2021. [DOI: 10.3987/com-20-s(k)43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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7
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Yi X, Lei S, Liu W, Che F, Yu C, Liu X, Wang Z, Zhou X, Zhang Y. Copper-Catalyzed Radical N-Demethylation of Amides Using N-Fluorobenzenesulfonimide as an Oxidant. Org Lett 2020; 22:4583-4587. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Yi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Siyu Lei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wangsheng Liu
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Fengrui Che
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chunzheng Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xuesong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yuexia Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
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8
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Powell WC, Walczak MA. Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral 1,2-Amino Alcohols and Morpholin-2-ones from Arylglyoxals. J Org Chem 2018; 83:10487-10500. [PMID: 30039699 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chiral 1,2-amino alcohols are privileged scaffolds with important applications as drug candidates and chiral ligands. Although various methods for the preparation of this structural motif have been reported, these methods are limited because of the use of precious metals and ligands. Here, we report a practical and high yielding synthesis of chiral 1,2-amino alcohols using arylglyoxals and pseudoephedrine auxiliary. This reaction is catalyzed by a Brønsted acid and provides morpholinone products in high yields and selectivities. The morpholine ring was converted into 1,2-amino alcohols in a two-step protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wyatt C Powell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
| | - Maciej A Walczak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
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9
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Design, synthesis and structure-bactericidal activity relationships of novel 9-oxime ketolides and reductive epimers of acylides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:1513-1524. [PMID: 28256375 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Erythromycin was long viewed as a bacteriostatic agent. The erythromycin derivatives, 9-oxime ketolides have a species-specific bactericidal profile. Among them, the 3'-allyl version of the 9-oxime ketolide 1 (Ar=3-quinolyl; 17a) is bactericidal against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes. In contrast, the 2-fluoro analogs of 1, 13a (Ar=6-quinolyl), 13b (Ar=3-quinolyl) and 24a (Ar=4-isoquinolyl), show bactericidal activities against S. pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Moraxella catarrhalis, while the 2-fluoro analogs 13c (Ar=3-aminopyridyl) and 24b (Ar=3-carbamoylpyridyl) are only bactericidal against S. pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. Reduction of the ketolides led to novel epiacylides, the 3-O-epimers of the acylides. Alteration of linker length (30b vs. 30a), 2-fluorination (33 vs. 30a) and incorporation of additional spacers at the 9-oxime or 6-OH (35, 40 vs. 30a) did not restore the epiacylides back to be as active as the acylide 31. Molecular docking suggested that epimerization at the 3-position reshapes the orientation of the 3-O-sidechain and leads to considerably weaker binding with bacterial ribosomes.
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10
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Wu G, Li Y, Yu X, Gao Y, Chen H. Acetic Acid Accelerated Visible-Light Photoredox CatalyzedN-Demethylation ofN,N-Dimethylaminophenyl Derivatives. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201601108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guolin Wu
- College of Chemistry; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou Fujian 350116 China
| | - Yazhen Li
- College of Chemistry; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou Fujian 350116 China
| | - Xuemei Yu
- College of Chemistry; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou Fujian 350116 China
| | - Yu Gao
- College of Chemistry; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou Fujian 350116 China
| | - Haijun Chen
- College of Chemistry; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou Fujian 350116 China
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11
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Wu J, Yu X, Liu J, Lin Y, Gao Y, Jia L, Chen H. Synthesis of metapristone through an efficient N-demethylation of mifepristone. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra26557f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An improved and efficient condition of N-demethylation of mifepristone in an excellent yield is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlei Wu
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Xuemei Yu
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Jian Liu
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Yuqin Lin
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Yu Gao
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Lee Jia
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Haijun Chen
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- China
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12
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Räisänen MT, Al-Hunaiti A, Atosuo E, Kemell M, Leskelä M, Repo T. Mn(ii) acetate: an efficient and versatile oxidation catalyst for alcohols. Catal Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cy00255e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A homogeneous catalytic system consisting of Mn(ii) acetate, tert-butylhydroperoxide, acetonitrile and trifluoroacetic acid oxidises various alcohols efficiently and selectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna T. Räisänen
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Afnan Al-Hunaiti
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elisa Atosuo
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marianna Kemell
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Leskelä
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Repo
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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13
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Mamane V, Chamas Z, Aubert E, Fort Y. Ag2O mediated N-demethylation and oxidative opening of indenopyrido[2,1-a]isoindolones. Efficient access to polysubstituted 1-azafluorenones. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43278e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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14
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Rueping M, Vila C, Szadkowska A, Koenigs RM, Fronert J. Photoredox Catalysis as an Efficient Tool for the Aerobic Oxidation of Amines and Alcohols: Bioinspired Demethylations and Condensations. ACS Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/cs300604k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Rueping
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Carlos Vila
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Anna Szadkowska
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Rene M. Koenigs
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jeanne Fronert
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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15
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LeTourneau N, Vimal P, Klepacki D, Mankin A, Melman A. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of desosamine-modified macrolide derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:4575-8. [PMID: 22738632 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.05.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Structural factors behind erm macrolide resistance were studied through synthesis of new macrolide derivates possessing truncated desosamine sugar moieties and subsequent determination of their antibacterial activity. Synthesized compounds with 2'-deoxy and 3'-desmethyl desosamine rings demonstrated decreased antibacterial activity on the native Staphylococcus aureus strain and were inactive against constitutively resistance S. aureus. The obtained results indicate that steric repulsion between the dimethylated A2058 and desosamine ring cannot be considered as a primary reason for erm-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas LeTourneau
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Ave., Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, United States
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16
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Novel desosamine-modified 14- and 15-membered macrolides without antibacterial activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:3527-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.03.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Dahal UP, Joswig-Jones C, Jones JP. Comparative study of the affinity and metabolism of type I and type II binding quinoline carboxamide analogues by cytochrome P450 3A4. J Med Chem 2011; 55:280-90. [PMID: 22087535 DOI: 10.1021/jm201207h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Compounds that coordinate to the heme-iron of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are assumed to increase metabolic stability. However, recently we observed that the type II binding quinoline carboxamide (QCA) compounds were metabolically less stable. To test if the higher intrinsic clearance of type II binding compounds relative to type I binding compounds is general for other metabolic transformations, we synthesized a library of QCA compounds that could undergo N-dealkylation, O-dealkylation, benzylic hydroxylation, and aromatic hydroxylation. The results demonstrated that type II binding QCA analogues were metabolically less stable (2- to 12-fold) at subsaturating concentration compared to type I binding counterparts for all the transformations. When the rates of different metabolic transformations between type I and type II binding compounds were compared, they were found to be in the order of N-demethylation > benzylic hydroxylation> O-demethylation > aromatic hydroxylation. Finally, for the QCA analogues with aza-heteroaromatic rings, we did not detect metabolism in aza-aromatic rings (pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine), indicating that electronegativity of the nitrogen can change regioselectivity in CYP metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upendra P Dahal
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, P.O. Box 644630, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, United States
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18
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Kumar R, Rathy S, Hajare AK, Surase YB, Dullu J, Jadhav JS, Venkataramanan R, Chakrabarti A, Pandya M, Bhateja P, Ramkumar G, Das B. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of a novel series of acylides active against community acquired respiratory pathogens. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 22:476-81. [PMID: 22153939 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.10.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of acylides 4 were designed to overcome antibacterial resistance and evaluated for in vitro and in vivo activity. This series of acylides was designed from clarithromycin by changing the substitution on the desosamine nitrogen, followed by conversion to 3-O-acyl and 11,12-carbamate. These compounds showed significantly potent antibacterial activity against not only Gram-positive pathogens, including macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLS(B))-resistant and efflux-resistant strains, but also Gram-negative pathogens such as Haemophilus influenzae. These acylides also showed better activity against telithromycin resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, New Drug Discovery Research, Ranbaxy Research Laboratories, Plot-20, Sector-18, Udyog Vihar, Gurgaon 122001, India
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19
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Dahal UP, Jones JP, Davis JA, Rock DA. Small molecule quantification by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for metabolites of drugs and drug candidates. Drug Metab Dispos 2011; 39:2355-60. [PMID: 21937735 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.111.040865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification and quantification of the metabolites of drugs and drug candidates are routinely performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The best practice is to generate a standard curve with the metabolite versus the internal standard. However, to avoid the difficulties in metabolite synthesis, standard curves are sometimes prepared using the substrate, assuming that the signal for substrate and the metabolite will be equivalent. We have tested the errors associated with this assumption using a series of very similar compounds that undergo common metabolic reactions using both conventional flow electrospray ionization LC-MS and low-flow captive spray ionization (CSI) LC-MS. The differences in standard curves for four different types of transformations (O-demethylation, N-demethylation, aromatic hydroxylation, and benzylic hydroxylation) are presented. The results demonstrate that the signals of the substrates compared with those of the metabolites are statistically different in 18 of the 20 substrate-metabolite combinations for both methods. The ratio of the slopes of the standard curves varied up to 4-fold but was slightly less for the CSI method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upendra P Dahal
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4630, USA
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20
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Vujasinović I, Marušić Ištuk Z, Kapić S, Bukvić Krajačić M, Hutinec A, Đilović I, Matković-Čalogović D, Kragol G. Novel Tandem Reaction for the Synthesis of N′-Substituted 2-Imino-1,3-oxazolidines from Vicinal (sec- or tert-)Amino Alcohol of Desosamine. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201001707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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21
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A facile procedure for synthesis of 3-[2-(N,N-dialkylamino)ethyl]-3-fluorooxindoles by direct fluorination of N,N-dialkyltryptamines. J Fluor Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2010.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Liu P, Liu Y, Wong ELM, Xiang S, Che CM. Iron oligopyridine complexes as efficient catalysts for practical oxidation of arenes, alkanes, tertiary amines and N-acyl cyclic amines with Oxone. Chem Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1sc00234a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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23
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Yu J, Cui J, Zhang C. A Simple and Effective Method for α-Hydroxylation of β-Dicarbonyl Compounds Using Oxone as an Oxidant without a Catalyst. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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24
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Abstract
The amide bond is one of nature's most common functional and structural elements, as the backbones of all natural peptides and proteins are composed of amide bonds. Amides are also present in many therapeutic small molecules. The construction of amide bonds using available methods relies principally on dehydrative approaches, although oxidative and radical-based methods are representative alternatives. In nearly every example, carbon and nitrogen bear electrophilic and nucleophilic character, respectively, during the carbon-nitrogen bond-forming step. Here we show that activation of amines and nitroalkanes with an electrophilic iodine source can lead directly to amide products. Preliminary observations support a mechanism in which the polarities of the two reactants are reversed (German, umpolung) during carbon-nitrogen bond formation relative to traditional approaches. The use of nitroalkanes as acyl anion equivalents provides a conceptually innovative approach to amide and peptide synthesis, and one that might ultimately provide for efficient peptide synthesis that is fully reliant on enantioselective methods.
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25
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26
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Ozeki M, Node M. Development of the Efficient Asymmetric Synthesis Utilizing Characteristic of Chiral Auxiliary. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2010. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.68.854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Ozeki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
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27
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Oyelere AK, Chen PC, Guerrant W, Mwakwari SC, Hood R, Zhang Y, Fan Y. Non-peptide macrocyclic histone deacetylase inhibitors. J Med Chem 2009; 52:456-68. [PMID: 19093884 DOI: 10.1021/jm801128g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) hold great promise in cancer therapy because of their demonstrated ability to arrest proliferation of nearly all transformed cell types. Of the several structurally distinct small molecule HDACi reported, macrocyclic depsipeptides have the most complex recognition cap-group moieties and present an excellent opportunity for the modulation of the biological activities of HDACi. Unfortunately, the structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies for this class of compounds have been impaired largely because most macrocyclic HDACi known to date comprise complex peptide macrocycles. In addition to retaining the pharmacologically disadvantaged peptidyl backbone, they offer only limited opportunity for side chain modifications. Here, we report the discovery of a new class of macrocyclic HDACi based on the macrolide antibiotics skeletons. SAR studies revealed that these compounds displayed both linker-length and macrolide-type dependent HDAC inhibition activities with IC(50) in the low nanomolar range. In addition, these non-peptide macrocyclic HDACi are more selective against HDACs 1 and 2 relative to HDAC 8, another class I HDAC isoform, and hence have subclass HDAC isoform selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adegboyega K Oyelere
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, USA.
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Wu L, Zhang W, Tian L, Bao K, Li P, Lin J. Immunomodulatory effects of erythromycin and its derivatives on human T-lymphocyte in vitro. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2008; 29:587-96. [PMID: 18075867 DOI: 10.1080/08923970701692841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the immunomodulatory mechanisms of macrolides, we investigated here the effects of erythromycin (EM) and its derivatives, 1 and 2, which show no antibacterial activity, on the proliferation and the activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) in Jurkat T cells. MTT assay revealed that EM, 1 and 2 could inhibit T lymphocyte proliferation markedly. Flow cytometry and TUNEL analysis showed EM (30 microg/mL-100 microg/mL) and 1 (3 microg/mL-30 microg/mL) could induce T lymphocyte apoptosis, 2 (3 microg/mL-30 microg/mL) induced a cell cycle arrest in G(2)/M. RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis conformed that EM and its two derivatives could inhibit the expressions of NF-kappaB mRNA and protein. Taken together, these data suggest EM and its derivatives, 1 and 2, have immunomodulatory effect, presumably via an interaction with the NF-kappaB expression, inhibiting the proliferation of T lymphocyte, implicating an approach for the development of new drugs for treating inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wu
- Department of Geratology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chinese Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
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Katoh T, Watanabe T, Nishitani M, Ozeki M, Kajimoto T, Node M. Selective C–N bond oxidation: demethylation of N-methyl group in N-arylmethyl-N-methyl-α-amino esters utilizing N-iodosuccinimide (NIS). Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.11.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Randolph JT, Waid P, Nichols C, Sauer D, Haviv F, Diaz G, Bammert G, Besecke LM, Segreti JA, Mohning KM, Bush EN, Wegner CD, Greer J. Nonpeptide luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone antagonists derived from erythromycin A: design, synthesis, and biological activity of cladinose replacement analogues. J Med Chem 2004; 47:1085-97. [PMID: 14971889 DOI: 10.1021/jm030418i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of a series of 11,12-cyclic carbamate derivatives of 6-O-methylerythromycin A that are novel, nonpeptide LHRH antagonists, is described. The macrolide antagonist 1, discovered during a screen of our chemical repository, was compared to a macrocyclic peptide antagonist 2 using molecular modeling, thus providing a model for the design of more potent antagonists. Medicinal chemistry efforts to find a replacement for cladinose at position 3 of the erythronolide core provided a series of oxazolidinone carbamates that were equally as active as the cladinose-containing parent macrolides. The descladinose LHRH antagonist 14 has 1-2 nM affinity for both rat and human LHRH receptors and is a potent inhibitor of LH release (pA2 = 8.76) in vitro. In vivo, 14 was found to produce a dose-dependent suppression of LH in male castrate rats via both i.v. and p.o. dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Randolph
- Global Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064, USA.
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Randolph JT, Sauer DR, Haviv F, Nilius AM, Greer J. Elimination of antibacterial activities of non-peptide luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) antagonists derived from erythromycin A. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:1599-602. [PMID: 15006412 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2003] [Accepted: 12/05/2003] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Antibacterial SAR for a series of macrolides derived from erythromycin A that are potent LHRH antagonists was developed in an attempt to eliminate the antibiotic activities of these compounds. Increasing the size of the alkyl substituents on the desosamine 3'-amine resulted in potent LHRH antagonists that were inactive against staphylococcal bacteria strains, and were significantly (>10-fold) less active against streptococcal bacteria strains. Complete elimination of antibacterial activities could be achieved by replacement of one or both methyl groups on the 3'-amine with a large alkyl substituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Randolph
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 200 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL 60064-6217, USA.
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Rosenau T, Hofinger A, Potthast A, Kosma P. A General, Selective, High-Yield N-Demethylation Procedure for Tertiary Amines by Solid Reagents in a Convenient Column Chromatography-like Setup. Org Lett 2004; 6:541-4. [PMID: 14961618 DOI: 10.1021/ol036319g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A traditional preparative chromatographic column can be used to achieve quantitative N-demethylation of tertiary N-methylamines and alkaloids. The filling is the crucial part and is loaded with different solid reagents in three reaction zones. The parent compound is charged on the column, and the neat N-demethylated secondary amine leaves the column some minutes later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rosenau
- Institute of Chemistry, Christian-Doppler Laboratory, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria. thomas.rosenau@.boku.ac.at
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Novel N-demethylation of ketolide: application to the solution phase parallel synthesis of N-desosaminyl-substituted ketolides using ion exchange resins. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)00746-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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