1
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Wang H, Ni J, Wang H, Zhang Y. An efficient free radical ester synthesis through a visible light-induced hydrogen atom transfer process. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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2
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Anthraquinone derivatives as ADP-competitive inhibitors of liver pyruvate kinase. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 234:114270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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3
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Lupi M, Onori M, Menichetti S, Abbate S, Longhi G, Viglianisi C. Resolution of a Configurationally Stable Hetero[4]helicene. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041160. [PMID: 35208947 PMCID: PMC8874595 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed an efficient chemical resolution of racemic hydroxy substituted dithia-aza[4]helicenes (DTA[4]H) 1(OH) using enantiopure acids as resolving agents. The better diastereomeric separation was achieved on esters prepared with (1S)-(−)-camphanic acid. Subsequent simple manipulations produced highly optically pure (≥ 99% enantiomeric excess) (P) and (M)-1(OH) in good yields. The role of the position where the chiral auxiliary is inserted (cape- vs. bay-zone) and the structure of the enantiopure acid used on successful resolution are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Lupi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” (DICUS), University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), 50019 Florence, Italy; (M.L.); (M.O.); (S.M.)
| | - Martina Onori
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” (DICUS), University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), 50019 Florence, Italy; (M.L.); (M.O.); (S.M.)
| | - Stefano Menichetti
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” (DICUS), University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), 50019 Florence, Italy; (M.L.); (M.O.); (S.M.)
| | - Sergio Abbate
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (DMMT), University of Brescia, V.le Europa 11 Brescia (BS), 25121 Brescia, Italy; (S.A.); (G.L.)
| | - Giovanna Longhi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (DMMT), University of Brescia, V.le Europa 11 Brescia (BS), 25121 Brescia, Italy; (S.A.); (G.L.)
| | - Caterina Viglianisi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” (DICUS), University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), 50019 Florence, Italy; (M.L.); (M.O.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence:
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4
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Nishida JI, Matsuno K, Kawase T. Synthesis and photophysical and electrochemical study of 1,3,6,8‐tetraarylsubstituted X‐shaped phenanthrene derivatives. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ichi Nishida
- University of Hyogo Department of Materials Science and Chemistry 2167 Shosha 671-2280 Himeji JAPAN
| | - Kouhei Matsuno
- University of Hyogo: Hyogo Kenritsu Daigaku Department of Applied Chemistry JAPAN
| | - Takeshi Kawase
- University of Hyogo: Hyogo Kenritsu Daigaku Department of Applied Chemistry 2167 Shosha 671-2280 Himeji JAPAN
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5
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Zhao L, Kaiser RI, Xu B, Ablikim U, Lu W, Ahmed M, Evseev MM, Bashkirov EK, Azyazov VN, Zagidullin MV, Morozov AN, Howlader AH, Wnuk SF, Mebel AM, Joshi D, Veber G, Fischer FR. Gas phase synthesis of [4]-helicene. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1510. [PMID: 30944302 PMCID: PMC6447558 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09224-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A synthetic route to racemic helicenes via a vinylacetylene mediated gas phase chemistry involving elementary reactions with aryl radicals is presented. In contrast to traditional synthetic routes involving solution chemistry and ionic reaction intermediates, the gas phase synthesis involves a targeted ring annulation involving free radical intermediates. Exploiting the simplest helicene as a benchmark, we show that the gas phase reaction of the 4-phenanthrenyl radical ([C14H9]•) with vinylacetylene (C4H4) yields [4]-helicene (C18H12) along with atomic hydrogen via a low-barrier mechanism through a resonance-stabilized free radical intermediate (C18H13). This pathway may represent a versatile mechanism to build up even more complex polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as [5]- and [6]-helicene via stepwise ring annulation through bimolecular gas phase reactions in circumstellar envelopes of carbon-rich stars, whereas secondary reactions involving hydrogen atom assisted isomerization of thermodynamically less stable isomers of [4]-helicene might be important in combustion flames as well. Helicenes represent key building blocks leading eventually to carbonaceous nanostructures. Here, exploiting [4]-helicene as a benchmark, the authors present a synthetic route to racemic helicenes via a vinylacetylene mediated gas phase chemistry with aryl radicals involving ring annulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Ralf I Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
| | - Bo Xu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Utuq Ablikim
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Wenchao Lu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexander N Morozov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - A Hasan Howlader
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Stanislaw F Wnuk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Alexander M Mebel
- Samara National Research University, Samara, 443086, Russia.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Dharati Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Gregory Veber
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Felix R Fischer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Kavli Energy Nano Sciences Institute at the University of California Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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6
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Hellou N, Macé A, Martin C, Dorcet V, Roisnel T, Jean M, Vanthuyne N, Berrée F, Carboni B, Crassous J. Synthesis of Carbo[6]helicene Derivatives Grafted with Amino or Aminoester Substituents from Enantiopure [6]Helicenyl Boronates. J Org Chem 2017; 83:484-490. [PMID: 29224347 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Enantiopure carbo[6]helicenyl boronates were synthesized using a photocyclization reaction as the key step. These compounds were further converted to various amino derivatives using copper-catalyzed azidation or amination and reductive alkylation of benzylazide by a helicenyl dichloroborane. Asymmetric Petasis condensation with glyoxylic acid and morpholine controlled by the helical chirality afforded the corresponding amino esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Hellou
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR [(Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)] - UMR 6226 , F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Aurélie Macé
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR [(Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)] - UMR 6226 , F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Clothilde Martin
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR [(Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)] - UMR 6226 , F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Dorcet
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR [(Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)] - UMR 6226 , F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR [(Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)] - UMR 6226 , F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Marion Jean
- CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille, France
| | - Fabienne Berrée
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR [(Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)] - UMR 6226 , F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Bertrand Carboni
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR [(Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)] - UMR 6226 , F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Jeanne Crassous
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR [(Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)] - UMR 6226 , F-35000, Rennes, France
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7
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Kiel GR, Patel SC, Smith PW, Levine DS, Tilley TD. Expanded Helicenes: A General Synthetic Strategy and Remarkable Supramolecular and Solid-State Behavior. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:18456-18459. [PMID: 29215272 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b10902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A divergent synthetic strategy allowed access to several members of a new class of helicenes, the "expanded helicenes", which are composed of alternating linearly and angularly fused rings. The strategy is based on a three-fold, partially intermolecular [2+2+n] (n = 1 or 2) cycloaddition with substrates containing three diyne units. Investigation of aggregation behavior, both in solution and in the solid state, revealed that one of these compounds forms an unusual homochiral, π-stacked dimer via an equilibrium that is slow on the NMR time scale. The versatility of the method was harnessed to access a selenophene-annulated expanded helicene that, in contrast to its benzannulated analogue, exhibits long-range π-stacking in the solid state. The new helicenes possess low racemization barriers, as demonstrated by dynamic 1H NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin R Kiel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Sajan C Patel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Patrick W Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Daniel S Levine
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - T Don Tilley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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8
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Synthesis and characterization of phenanthrene derivatives with anticancer property against human colon and epithelial cancer cell lines. CR CHIM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Lin W, Hu X, Song S, Cai Q, Wang Y, Shi D. Microwave-assisted synthesis of novel hetero[5]helicene-like molecules and coumarin derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:7909-7916. [PMID: 28895604 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01742a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A concise and efficient approach to design and synthesize hetero[5]helicene-like molecules and coumarin derivatives is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lin
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Jiangsu University of Technology
- Changzhou 213001
- P. R. China
| | - Xiuxiu Hu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Jiangsu University of Technology
- Changzhou 213001
- P. R. China
| | - Shuai Song
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Jiangsu University of Technology
- Changzhou 213001
- P. R. China
| | - Qi Cai
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Jiangsu University of Technology
- Changzhou 213001
- P. R. China
| | - Yun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Jiangsu University of Technology
- Changzhou 213001
- P. R. China
| | - Daqing Shi
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- P. R. China
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10
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Tran PH, Hansen PE, Hoang HM, Chau DKN, Le TN. Indium triflate in 1-isobutyl-3-methylimidazolium dihydrogen phosphate: an efficient and green catalytic system for Friedel–Crafts acylation. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Guédouar H, Aloui F, Moussa S, Marrot J, Ben Hassine B. Synthesis and characterization of new heptacyclic helicenes. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Shen C, Anger E, Srebro M, Vanthuyne N, Deol KK, Jefferson TD, Muller G, Gareth Williams JA, Toupet L, Roussel C, Autschbach J, Réau R, Crassous J. Straightforward access to mono- and bis-cycloplatinated helicenes that display circularly polarized phosphorescence using crystallization resolution methods. Chem Sci 2014; 5:1915-1927. [PMID: 24855556 DOI: 10.1039/c3sc53442a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Enantiopure mono-cycloplatinated-[8]helicene and bis-cycloplatinated-[6]helicene derivatives were prepared through column chromatography combined with crystallization of diastereomeric complexes using a chiral ancillary sulfoxide ligand. The UV-visible spectra, circular dichroism, molar rotations, and (circularly polarized) luminescence activity of these new helical complexes have been examined in detail and analysed with the help of first-principles quantum-chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengshuo Shen
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226, Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR 6251, Campus de Beaulieu, CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Emmanuel Anger
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226, Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR 6251, Campus de Beaulieu, CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Monika Srebro
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Chirosciences, UMR 7313, Stéréochimie Dynamique et Chiralité, Aix-Marseille University, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Kirandeep K Deol
- Department of Chemistry, San José State University, San José, CA 95192-0101, USA
| | - Truman D Jefferson
- Department of Chemistry, San José State University, San José, CA 95192-0101, USA
| | - Gilles Muller
- Department of Chemistry, San José State University, San José, CA 95192-0101, USA
| | | | - Loïc Toupet
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226, Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR 6251, Campus de Beaulieu, CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Christian Roussel
- Chirosciences, UMR 7313, Stéréochimie Dynamique et Chiralité, Aix-Marseille University, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Jochen Autschbach
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Régis Réau
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226, Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR 6251, Campus de Beaulieu, CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Jeanne Crassous
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226, Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR 6251, Campus de Beaulieu, CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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13
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14
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Kaneko E, Matsumoto Y, Kamikawa K. Synthesis of AzaheliceneN-Oxide by Palladium-Catalyzed Direct CH Annulation of a Pendant (Z)-Bromovinyl Side Chain. Chemistry 2013; 19:11837-41. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Lin W, Dou GL, Hu MH, Cao CP, Huang ZB, Shi DQ. Facile, efficient, and diastereoselective synthesis of heterohelicene-like molecules. Org Lett 2013; 15:1238-41. [PMID: 23451838 DOI: 10.1021/ol400154j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A concise and efficient route to new and interesting heterohelicene-like molecules has been developed through the one-pot, cascade reductive coupling reaction of o-hydroxydiimines or o-nitrodiimines and triphosgene in the presence of TiCl4/Sm. Purification of the final products only required a single recrystallization leading to high purity. High diastereoselectivity was also achieved, and two structures of the final products were confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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16
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Kawano SI, Baumgarten M, Chercka D, Enkelmann V, Müllen K. Electron donors and acceptors based on 2,7-functionalized pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraone. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:5058-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc39141h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Gingras M. One hundred years of helicene chemistry. Part 1: non-stereoselective syntheses of carbohelicenes. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:968-1006. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35154d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 516] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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18
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Urbano A, Carreño MC. Enantioselective synthesis of helicenequinones and -bisquinones. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:699-708. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob27108g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Gingras M, Félix G, Peresutti R. One hundred years of helicene chemistry. Part 2: stereoselective syntheses and chiral separations of carbohelicenes. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:1007-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35111k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 480] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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20
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Geng X, Mague JT, Pascal RA. Synthesis and chiroptical properties of arylimines of cholest-4-ene-3,6-dione. J Org Chem 2012; 77:10920-4. [PMID: 23121678 DOI: 10.1021/jo301591g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the hope of generating a new class of materials with large optical rotations, various arylamines were condensed with cholest-4-ene-3,6-dione (2) to give 3-arylimino steroids. These compounds possess moderately high specific rotations ([α](D) ~300-800) and strong circular dichroism. One such derivative, 3-(4-methoxyphenylimino)cholest-4-en-6-one (3), crystallizes as the (E)-imine and upon dissolution undergoes mutarotation to an equilibrium mixture of (E)- and (Z)-isomers with a half-life of approximately 1 h at room temperature, as judged by both NMR spectroscopy and polarimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Geng
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
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21
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Surampudi SK, Nagarjuna G, Okamoto D, Chaudhuri PD, Venkataraman D. Apical Functionalization of Chiral Heterohelicenes. J Org Chem 2012; 77:2074-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo202623u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sravan K. Surampudi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst,
Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - G. Nagarjuna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst,
Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Daiki Okamoto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst,
Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Piyali D. Chaudhuri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst,
Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - D. Venkataraman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst,
Massachusetts 01003, United States
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22
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Vávra J, Severa L, Švec P, Císařová I, Koval D, Sázelová P, Kašička V, Teplý F. Preferential Crystallization of a Helicene-Viologen Hybrid - An Efficient Method to Resolve [5]Helquat Enantiomers on a 20 g Scale. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chuan-Feng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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24
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Fuchibe K, Jyono H, Fujiwara M, Kudo T, Yokota M, Ichikawa J. Domino Friedel-Crafts-type cyclizations of difluoroalkenes promoted by the α-cation-stabilizing effect of fluorine: an efficient method for synthesizing angular PAHs. Chemistry 2011; 17:12175-85. [PMID: 21922570 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201100618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In order to synthesize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with nonlinear arrangements (angular PAHs), acid-promoted domino cyclizations of 1,1-difluoroalk-1-enes and 1,1-difluoroalka-1,3-dienes were studied. 1,1-Difluoroalkenes, each bearing two aryl substituents, were regioselectively protonated with FSO(3)H⋅SbF(5) to generate fluorine-stabilized carbocations, which readily underwent domino Friedel-Crafts-type cyclizations to give carbocycles based on 6/n/m/6 ring systems (n,m=5-7) in good to high yields. Protonation of 1,1-difluoroalka-1,3-dienes took place at their electron-rich methylene (CH(2)) carbon atoms in the presence of milder acids such as camphorsulfonic acid and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid. Domino cyclizations of the resulting fluorine-stabilized allylic carbocations afford carbocycles based on 6/6/6/6 or 6/6/5/6 ring systems in high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Fuchibe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan
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25
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Venkataramana G, Dongare P, Dawe LN, Thompson DW, Zhao Y, Bodwell GJ. 1,8-Pyrenylene-ethynylene macrocycles. Org Lett 2011; 13:2240-3. [PMID: 21446755 DOI: 10.1021/ol200485x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A concise, highly regioselective synthesis of 1,8-dibromo-4,5-dialkoxypyrenes has been developed and exploited in the synthesis of some 1,8-pyrenylene-ethynylene macrocycles. The (1)H NMR data and NICS calculations indicate that there is little or no macrocyclic ring current. Concentration-dependent UV-visible studies indicate no aggregation at low concentration, but 8b forms dimers with voids suitable for intercalation of small molecules in the solid state.
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Storch J, Sýkora J, Čermák J, Karban J, Císařová I, Růžička A. Synthesis of Hexahelicene and 1-Methoxyhexahelicene via Cycloisomerization of Biphenylyl-Naphthalene Derivatives. J Org Chem 2009; 74:3090-3. [DOI: 10.1021/jo900077j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Storch
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, AS CR, Rozvojová 135, CZ-16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic, Center of Molecular and Crystal Structures, Faculty of Natural Science, Charles University, Ovocný trh 5, Praha 1, 116 36, Czech Republic, and Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 95, 532 10 Pardubice 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Sýkora
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, AS CR, Rozvojová 135, CZ-16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic, Center of Molecular and Crystal Structures, Faculty of Natural Science, Charles University, Ovocný trh 5, Praha 1, 116 36, Czech Republic, and Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 95, 532 10 Pardubice 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Čermák
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, AS CR, Rozvojová 135, CZ-16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic, Center of Molecular and Crystal Structures, Faculty of Natural Science, Charles University, Ovocný trh 5, Praha 1, 116 36, Czech Republic, and Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 95, 532 10 Pardubice 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jindřich Karban
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, AS CR, Rozvojová 135, CZ-16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic, Center of Molecular and Crystal Structures, Faculty of Natural Science, Charles University, Ovocný trh 5, Praha 1, 116 36, Czech Republic, and Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 95, 532 10 Pardubice 2, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, AS CR, Rozvojová 135, CZ-16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic, Center of Molecular and Crystal Structures, Faculty of Natural Science, Charles University, Ovocný trh 5, Praha 1, 116 36, Czech Republic, and Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 95, 532 10 Pardubice 2, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Růžička
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, AS CR, Rozvojová 135, CZ-16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic, Center of Molecular and Crystal Structures, Faculty of Natural Science, Charles University, Ovocný trh 5, Praha 1, 116 36, Czech Republic, and Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 95, 532 10 Pardubice 2, Czech Republic
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Gautrot JE, Hodge P, Helliwell M, Raftery J, Cupertino D. Synthesis of electron-accepting polymers containing phenanthra-9,10-quinone units. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b901853k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Ichikawa J, Yokota M, Kudo T, Umezaki S. Efficient Helicene Synthesis: Friedel–Crafts-type Cyclization of 1,1-Difluoro-1-alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:4870-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200801396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Ichikawa J, Yokota M, Kudo T, Umezaki S. Efficient Helicene Synthesis: Friedel–Crafts-type Cyclization of 1,1-Difluoro-1-alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200801396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Marsella MJ, Rahbarnia S, Wilmot N. Molecular springs, muscles, rheostats, and precessing gyroscopes: from review to preview. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:391-400. [PMID: 17252118 DOI: 10.1039/b613891h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The concepts of molecular springs and gyroscopes have existed for some time, and there have been numerous reports published about these fascinating topics. Here we describe our interest in this topic, reviewing our initial progress. This is not a complete story, rather an offering of synthetic strategies, interesting molecular structures, observations, and possibilities. In many cases, the "properties" component of the structure-property relationship for a given compound is the result of a computational prediction. Given the present state of theoretical chemistry, a computer's predictive power can far exceed that which can be presently accomplished by existing experimental analytical means. The theoretical results reported here allude to intriguing possibilities. Hopefully, this intrigue will help catalyze the development of definitive, albeit rather esoteric, single-molecule analytical experiments. The intentionally speculative nature of this review is intended to stimulate new challenges for and perspectives from those in related fields of interest; hopefully presenting a preview of what is to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Marsella
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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31
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Harrowven DC, Guy IL, Nanson L. Efficient Phenanthrene, Helicene, and Azahelicene Syntheses. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200504287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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32
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Harrowven DC, Guy IL, Nanson L. Efficient Phenanthrene, Helicene, and Azahelicene Syntheses. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:2242-5. [PMID: 16506249 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200504287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David C Harrowven
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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33
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Alexandrová Z, Sehnal P, Stará IG, Starý I, Šaman D, Urquhart SG, Otero E. Modified Synthesis of Heptahelicene and Its Resolution Into Single Enantiomers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1135/cccc20061256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A practical synthesis of racemic heptahelicene has been develeped being based on key [2+2+2] cycloisomerization of bis[2-(but-3-yn-1-yl)-1-naphthyl]acetylene under CpCo(CO)2/PPh3 or CpCo(C2H4)2 catalysis. The application of the Ni(cod)2 catalyst with (-)-(Sa)-(2'-methoxy-1,1'-binaphthalen-2-yl)diphenylphosphane resulted in enantioselective triyne cyclization to provide (+)-7,8,11,12-tetrahydroheptahelicene in 40% ee. Optically pure (-)-(M)- and optically highly enriched (+)-(P)-heptahelicene were obtained on a milligram scale by resolution of racemate by chiral HPLC on a semipreparative Whelk-O1 column.
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34
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Wang DZ, Katz TJ. A [5]HELOL Analogue That Senses Remote Chirality in Alcohols, Phenols, Amines, and Carboxylic Acids. J Org Chem 2005; 70:8497-502. [PMID: 16209598 DOI: 10.1021/jo0512913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A route is developed to a structural analogue of [5]HELOL, a previously reported helically grooved sensor of remote chirality. It gives the material enantiomerically pure and in multigram quantities. The enantiomers of alcohols, phenols, amines, and carboxylic acids, even when their centers of chirality are remote from any functional groups, can be differentiated by 31P NMR spectroscopic analyses of their reaction products with the chlorophosphite of this material.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Zhigang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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35
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Iwasaki T, Katayose K, Kohinata Y, Nishide H. A Helical Ladder Polymer: Synthesis and Magnetic Circular Dichroism of Poly[phenylene-4,6-bis(methylsulfonio)-1,3-diyl triflate]. Polym J 2005. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.37.592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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36
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Schneider JF, Nieger M, Nättinen K, Lewall B, Niecke E, Dötz KH. Novel [6]- and [7]Helicene-Like Quinones via Mono- and Bidirectional Chromium-Templated Benzannulation of Bridged Binaphthyl Carbene Complexes. European J Org Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200400800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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37
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Wang DZ, Katz TJ, Golen J, Rheingold AL. Diels−Alder Additions of Benzynes within Helicene Skeletons. J Org Chem 2004; 69:7769-71. [PMID: 15498014 DOI: 10.1021/jo048707h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although the contortions required are unprecedented, the benzynes formed by the fluoride-induced elimination of TMSOTf from o-trimethylsilyl [6]- and [7]-helicenol triflates add to another ring of the helicenes rather than to an external furan molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Zhigang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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38
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Yamashita M, Shimizu T, Kawasaki I, Ohta S. Determination of the absolute configuration and the first total synthesis of (−)- and (+)-linderol A. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2004.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Paruch K, Vyklický L, Wang DZ, Katz TJ, Incarvito C, Zakharov L, Rheingold AL. Functionalizations of [6]- and [7]Helicenes at Their Most Sterically Hindered Positions. J Org Chem 2003; 68:8539-44. [PMID: 14575483 DOI: 10.1021/jo035057t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although the reactions of enol ethers of aryl methyl ketones with benzoquinone make it easy to prepare nonracemic helicenes that are substituted by hydroxyl groups at their 1,omega-positions, the hydroxyl groups fail to facilitate the introduction of electrophiles ortho to them. However, ethers of [6]- and [7]helicenols prepared in this way, seemingly because of the activation by the alkoxyl groups at the 6-positions, combine with electrophilic reagents to introduce bromines and acyl groups exactly into these positions. Moreover, these bromine and acyl groups can be transformed into other functional groups (including phosphine oxides and acetylenes), the ether functions adjacent to these functional groups can then be removed, and the phenols can be oxidized to quinone-acetals. An alternative way to introduce functional groups next to the phenols is to rearrange their phosphate esters. Two reactions that differentiate the ends of the helicenes are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Paruch
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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40
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Inner–outer ring 1,3-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)-1,3-dienes as useful intermediates in the synthesis of helicenes. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)02246-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Phillips KE, Katz TJ, Jockusch S, Lovinger AJ, Turro NJ. Synthesis and properties of an aggregating heterocyclic helicene. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:11899-907. [PMID: 11724596 DOI: 10.1021/ja011706b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Heterohelicene 10 is synthesized in six steps from 3,3'-bithienyl. Because the number of steps is small, because the yield is 95% in the last (the reaction of a bis-enol ether with 1,4-benzoquinone-a six-step one pot procedure that constructs the helicene skeleton), and because chromatography is not required to purify any of the products in the synthesis, significant amounts are easily prepared. To convert 10 into enantiopure 3, a helicenebisquinone surrounded by four dodecyloxy groups, requires only a precedented three-step sequence. Enantiopure helicene 3, either without solvent or in dodecane (but not in chloroform) aggregates into columnar structures whose optical properties differ markedly from those of the monomer but resemble those shown previously only by aggregates of 1. Evidence of aggregation in the pure material includes optical microscopic observation of long fibrous structures and X-ray diffraction and combined transmission electron microscopic and electron diffraction analyses showing the molecules within the fibers to be organized in columnar arrays. The circular dichroism spectra, specific rotations, and fluorescent emission spectra of the aggregated structures are all distinctive, and, as reported elsewhere, the second harmonic response is very large. The linear polarizations of the monomers' and aggregates' fluorescent emissions differ greatly. The circular polarization of the aggregates' fluorescent emission, after excitation by unpolarized light, is large.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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42
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Paruch K, Vyklický L, Katz TJ, Incarvito CD, Rheingold AL. Expeditious procedure to synthesize ethers and esters of tri- and Tetrahydroxy[6]helicenebisquinones from the dye-intermediates disodium 4-hydroxy- and 4,5-dihydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonates. J Org Chem 2000; 65:8774-82. [PMID: 11112603 DOI: 10.1021/jo001356w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A procedure is described for synthesizing appreciable quantities of both the tetradodecyloxy[6]helicenebisquinone 1 (R = dodecyl), which exhibits unique optical properties but previously was difficult to prepare, and a variety of analogues. The synthesis starts from disodium 4,5-dihydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonate, the commercially available dye-intermediate known as chromotropic acid. It gives enantiopure 1, with R = (i-Pr)(3)Si, whose silyl groups can be replaced by dodecyl and hexanoyl groups. The same procedure applied to disodium 4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonate, also an inexpensive, commercially available chemical, works equally well to produce the corresponding molecules that have one fewer side chain. Key steps are the use of tosyl groups to protect phenols and of a method described seven years ago by Satoh, Itoh, Miura, and Nomura to transform the sulfonic acid functions to iodides. The structure of tetra-(1S)-camphanate 20, the ester of the reduction product of (-)-1 [R = (i-Pr)(3)Si], was analyzed by X-ray diffraction. It shows the absolute configurations and supports the presumed basis for the rule that the (1S)-camphanates of (P)-helicen-1-ols are more polar than their (M)-diastereomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Paruch
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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