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Pfeiffer M, Ribar A, Nidetzky B. A selective and atom-economic rearrangement of uridine by cascade biocatalysis for production of pseudouridine. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2261. [PMID: 37081027 PMCID: PMC10116470 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37942-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
As a crucial factor of their therapeutic efficacy, the currently marketed mRNA vaccines feature uniform substitution of uridine (U) by the corresponding C-nucleoside, pseudouridine (Ψ), in 1-N-methylated form. Synthetic supply of the mRNA building block (1-N-Me-Ψ-5'-triphosphate) involves expedient access to Ψ as the principal challenge. Here, we show selective and atom-economic 1N-5C rearrangement of β-D-ribosyl on uracil to obtain Ψ from unprotected U in quantitative yield. One-pot cascade transformation of U in four enzyme-catalyzed steps, via D-ribose (Rib)-1-phosphate, Rib-5-phosphate (Rib5P) and Ψ-5'-phosphate (ΨMP), gives Ψ. Coordinated function of the coupled enzymes in the overall rearrangement necessitates specific release of phosphate from the ΨMP, but not from the intermediary ribose phosphates. Discovery of Yjjg as ΨMP-specific phosphatase enables internally controlled regeneration of phosphate as catalytic reagent. With driving force provided from the net N-C rearrangement, the optimized U reaction yields a supersaturated product solution (∼250 g/L) from which the pure Ψ crystallizes (90% recovery). Scale up to 25 g isolated product at enzyme turnovers of ∼105 mol/mol demonstrates a robust process technology, promising for Ψ production. Our study identifies a multistep rearrangement reaction, realized by cascade biocatalysis, for C-nucleoside synthesis in high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pfeiffer
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, A-8010, Graz, Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib), Krenngasse 37, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Andrej Ribar
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, A-8010, Graz, Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib), Krenngasse 37, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, A-8010, Graz, Austria.
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib), Krenngasse 37, A-8010, Graz, Austria.
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2
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Panda S, Poudel TN, Hegde P, Aldrich CC. Innovative Strategies for the Construction of Diverse 1'-Modified C-Nucleoside Derivatives. J Org Chem 2021; 86:16625-16640. [PMID: 34756029 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Modified C-nucleosides have proven to be enormously successful as chemical probes to understand fundamental biological processes and as small-molecule drugs for cancer and infectious diseases. Historically, the modification of the glycosyl unit has focused on the 2'-, 3'-, and 4'-positions as well as the ribofuranosyl ring oxygen. By contrast, the 1'-position has rarely been studied due to the labile nature of the anomeric position. However, the improved chemical stability of C-nucleosides allows the modification of the 1'-position with substituents not found in conventional N-nucleosides. Herein, we disclose new chemistry for the installation of diverse substituents at the 1'-position of C-nucleosides, including alkyl, alkenyl, difluoromethyl, and fluoromethyl substituents, using the 4-amino-7-(1'-hydroxy-d-ribofuranosyl)pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazine scaffold as a representative purine nucleoside mimetic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhankar Panda
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Tej Narayan Poudel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Pooja Hegde
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Courtney C Aldrich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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3
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Priority directions in the design of biologically active compounds based on 2-aminopyrimidin-4(3H)-one and its derivatives. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-021-02875-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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4
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Elgemeie GH, Alkhursani SA, Mohamed RA. New synthetic strategies for acyclic and cyclic pyrimidinethione nucleosides and their analogues. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 38:12-87. [PMID: 30729891 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2018.1498511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pyrimidinethione nucleosides are effective compounds and have significant and pivotal effects in several fields. New synthetic strategies for many pyrimidinethione nucleosides including acyclic and cyclic derivatives have been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galal H Elgemeie
- a Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Helwan University , Helwan , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Sheikha A Alkhursani
- b Chemistry Department, Girls College of Science , Immam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University , Dammam , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham A Mohamed
- c Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Center , Dokki , Cairo , Egypt
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5
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Abstract
Pseudouridine (1) was synthesized by functional group interconversions of the Heck adduct11from 2,4-dimethoxy-5-iodopyrimidine (8) and ribofuranoid glycal4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ping Yu
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taiwan Normal University
- Taipei 11677
- Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yun Chang
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taiwan Normal University
- Taipei 11677
- Taiwan
| | - Tun-Cheng Chien
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taiwan Normal University
- Taipei 11677
- Taiwan
- Faculty of Pharmacy
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Maier L, Hylse O, Nečas M, Trbušek M, Ytre-Arne M, Dalhus B, Bjorås M, Paruch K. New carbocyclic nucleosides: synthesis of carbocyclic pseudoisocytidine and its analogs. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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7
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Synthesis and characterization of 2′-C-Me branched C-nucleosides as HCV polymerase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:4127-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Coutouli-Argyropoulou E, Trakossas S. 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition approach to pyrrolidine analogues of C-nucleosides related to pseudouridine. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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9
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Lu J, Li NS, Koo SC, Piccirilli JA. Synthesis of Pyridine, Pyrimidine and Pyridinone C-Nucleoside Phosphoramidites for Probing Cytosine Function in RNA. J Org Chem 2009; 74:8021-30. [DOI: 10.1021/jo9016919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Nan-Sheng Li
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Selene C. Koo
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Joseph A. Piccirilli
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637
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Acyclopyrimidine C-nucleosides: Synthesis of 5-[(2,3-dihydroxy-1-propoxy)methyl]pyrimidines. J Heterocycl Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570230603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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11
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Chu CK, El-kabbani FM, Thompson BB. Determination of the Anomeric Configuration of C-Nucleosides by1H and13C NMR Spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/07328318408079416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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13
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Coutouli-Argyropoulou E, Lianis P, Mitakou M, Giannoulis A, Nowak J. 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition approach to isoxazole, isoxazoline and isoxazolidine analogues of C-nucleosides related to pseudouridine. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Novikov MS, Ozerov AA, Sim OG. Synthesis of 5-[2-(Phenoxy)ethyl] Derivatives of 6-Methyluracil, 6-Methyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrimidin-4-one, and 2-Imino-6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrimidin-4-one. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-005-0275-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Mishra RC, Dwivedi N, Rama PT, Bansal I, Saxena JK. Synthesis and DNA topoisomerase-II inhibitory activity of unnatural nucleosides. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2005; 24:15-35. [PMID: 15715196 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-46776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and biological activities of a number of unnatural nucleosides (23-43) is described. Nucleosides have been synthesized by SnCl4-catalyzed condensation of amino sugar acetates and silylated modified pyrimidines. Few of the 2'-O-acetyl derivatives of the nucleosides were hydrolyzed to the respective hydroxy derivatives by treatment with methanol saturated with ammonia. The compounds were screened against Filarial DNA-topoisomerase-II but only one of the compounds (29) inhibited this enzyme at 40 microg/mL of reaction mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Chandra Mishra
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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Mishra RC, Katiyar D, Tewari N, Tripathi RP. A versatile synthesis of dihydropyrimidinone C-nucleosides. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2004; 23:531-44. [PMID: 15113021 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-120030712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A versatile synthesis of N-substituted dihydropyrimidinone C-nucleosides (20-29) is described. Glycosyl amino esters (3-9), obtained by reductive alkylation of glycosyl amino esters 1 and 2, on condensation with different isocyanates afforded respective ureido derivatives (10-19) in good to quantitative yields. The latter on cyclative amidation with a combination of DBU/TBAB (tetrabutylammonium bromide)/4A molecular sieve gave the corresponding nucleosides (20-29) in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Chandra Mishra
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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17
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Sismour AM, Lutz S, Park JH, Lutz MJ, Boyer PL, Hughes SH, Benner SA. PCR amplification of DNA containing non-standard base pairs by variants of reverse transcriptase from Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1. Nucleic Acids Res 2004; 32:728-35. [PMID: 14757837 PMCID: PMC373358 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkh241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2003] [Revised: 09/22/2003] [Accepted: 12/22/2003] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As the next step towards generating a synthetic biology from artificial genetic information systems, we have examined variants of HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) for their ability to synthesize duplex DNA incorporating the non-standard base pair between 2,4-diaminopyrimidine (pyDAD), a pyrimidine presenting a hydrogen bond 'donor-acceptor-donor' pattern to the complementary base, and xanthine (puADA), a purine presenting a hydrogen bond 'acceptor-donor-acceptor' pattern. This base pair fits the Watson-Crick geometry, but is joined by a pattern of hydrogen bond donor and acceptor groups different from those joining the GC and AT pairs. A variant of HIV-RT where Tyr 188 is replaced by Leu, has emerged from experiments where HIV was challenged to grow in the presence of drugs targeted against the RT, such as L-697639, TIBO and nevirapine. These drugs bind at a site near, but not in, the active site. This variant accepts the pyDAD-puADA base pair significantly better than wild type HIV-RT, and we used this as a starting point. A second mutation, E478Q, was introduced into the Y188L variant, in the event that the residual nuclease activity observed is due to the RT, and not a contaminant. The doubly mutated RT incorporated the non-standard pair with sufficient fidelity that the variant could be used to amplify oligonucleotides containing pyDAD and puADA through several rounds of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) without losing the non-standard base pair. This is the first time where DNA containing non-standard base pairs with alternative hydrogen bonding patterns has been amplified by a full PCR. This work also illustrates a research strategy that combines in clinico pre-evolution of proteins followed by rational design to obtain an enzyme that meets a particular technological specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Michael Sismour
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA
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18
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19
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Luyten I, Thibaudeau C, Chattopadhyaya J. The determination of the ionization constants of C-nucleosides. Tetrahedron 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(97)00321-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Shaban MA, Nasr AZ. The Chemistry of C-Nucleosides and Their Analogs I: C-Nucleosides of Hetero Monocyclic Bases. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2725(08)60363-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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21
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Lu W, Qasim MA, Kent SBH. Comparative Total Syntheses of Turkey Ovomucoid Third Domain by Both Stepwise Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis and Native Chemical Ligation. J Am Chem Soc 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ja960812o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wuyuan Lu
- Contribution from The Scripps Research Institute, 10666 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, and the Chemistry Department, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - M. A. Qasim
- Contribution from The Scripps Research Institute, 10666 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, and the Chemistry Department, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Stephen B. H. Kent
- Contribution from The Scripps Research Institute, 10666 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, and the Chemistry Department, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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22
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Lee CS, Du J, Chu CK. Syntheses of 2″,3″-Dideoxy-L-Glycero-PentofuranosylC-Nucleosides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1080/07328319608007389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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23
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Plaziak AS, Spychala J, Golankiewicz K. Mass spectrometry ofN-(Pyrimidin-2-yl)amino acids and their methyl esters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1002/oms.1210261212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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24
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Ichikawa YI, Kubota H, Fujita K, Okauchi T, Narasaka K. Stereoselective β-C- and β-S-Glycosylation of 2-Deoxyribofuranose Derivatives Controlled by the 3-Hydroxy Protective Group. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1989. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.62.845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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25
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Narasaka K, Ichikawa YI, Kubota H. Stereoselective Preparation of β-C-Glycosides from 2-Deoxyribose Utilizing Neighboring Participation by 3-O-Methylsulfinylethyl Group. CHEM LETT 1987. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1987.2139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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26
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Chu CK, Suh JJ, Mesbah M, Cutler SJ. Ring transformation reactions ofC-nucleosides: Facile synthesis of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine and pyrazolo[1,5-a]triazineC-nucleosides. J Heterocycl Chem 1986. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570230209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Hacksell U, Daves GD. The chemistry and biochemistry of C-nucleosides and C-arylglycosides. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1985; 22:1-65. [PMID: 3915364 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(08)70228-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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29
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Sato T, Hayakawa Y, Noyori R. A Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis ofC-Nucleosides. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1984. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.57.2515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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30
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Chu CK. A facile synthesis of 8-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)-4-thioxo-3H-pyrazolo[1,5-a]-1,3,5-triazine and its α-anomer. J Heterocycl Chem 1984. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570210223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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31
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32
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Chu CK. AcyclopyrimidineC-nucleosides. Synthesis of acyclopseudoisocytidine and its derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 1984. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570210103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Sato T, Watanabe M, Kobayashi H, Noyori R. Stereocontrolled General Synthesis of PyrimidineC-Nucleosides Having Branched-chain Sugar Moieties. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1983. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.56.2680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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34
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Cupps TL, Wise DS, Townsend LB. A further investigation of the stannic chloride-catalyzed condensation reaction of 1-hexene and 1,2,3,5-tetra-O-acyl-β-d-ribofuranoses. Carbohydr Res 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(83)88135-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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35
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Buchanan JG. The C-nucleoside antibiotics. FORTSCHRITTE DER CHEMIE ORGANISCHER NATURSTOFFE = PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS. PROGRES DANS LA CHIMIE DES SUBSTANCES ORGANIQUES NATURELLES 1983; 44:243-99. [PMID: 6360831 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-8714-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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36
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37
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Watanabe KA, Reichman U, Fox JJ, Chou TC. Nucleosides. CXIX. Substrate specificity and mechanism of action of cytidine deaminases of monkey plasma and mouse kidney. Chem Biol Interact 1981; 37:41-54. [PMID: 7285246 DOI: 10.1016/0009-2797(81)90164-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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38
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Ekiel I, Darżynkiewicz E, Shugar D. Conformational parameters of the carbohydrate moieties of α-arabinonucleosides. Carbohydr Res 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)85979-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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39
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Sato T, Watanabe M, Noyori R. STEREOCONTROLLED SYNTHESIS OF 1′, 4′-DIALKYLATED PYRIMIDINE RIBO-C-NUCLEOSIDES. CHEM LETT 1980. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1980.679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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40
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Zedeck MS. Incorporation of psi-isocytidine, a new antitumour C-nucleoside, into mammalian RNA and DNA. Biochem Pharmacol 1979; 28:1440-3. [PMID: 444311 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(79)90453-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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41
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Sato T, Watanabe M, Noyori R. A CONVENIENT ROUTE TO 5′-MODIFIED PSEUDOISOCYTIDINES AND 2-THIOPSEUDOURIDINES. CHEM LETT 1978. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1978.1297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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42
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Recent advances in the chemistry of nucleosides and their analogs (review). Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 1978. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00481128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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43
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Takamoto T, Omi H, Matsuzaki T, Sudoh R. C-glycosyl derivatives in nitro sugar chemistry: Synthesis of D-ribofuranosylnitromethane derivatives and their epimerization under neutral conditions. Carbohydr Res 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)83468-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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44
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Chu CK, Reichman U, Watanabe KA, Fox JJ. Nucleosides. CIX. 2′-Deoxy-ψ-isocytidine, 2 -deoxy-ψ-uridine, and 2′-deoxy-l-methyl-ψ-uridine. Isosteres of deoxycytidine, deoxyuridine and thymidine. J Heterocycl Chem 1977. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570140641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Hirota K, Watanabe KA, Fox JJ. Pyrimidines. XIII. Novel pyrimidine to pyrimidine transformation reactions. J Heterocycl Chem 1977. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570140341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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