1
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Lynch C, Downey JW, Zhang Y, Hooker JM, Levin MD. Core-Labeling (Radio) Synthesis of Phenols. Org Lett 2023; 25:7230-7235. [PMID: 37751441 PMCID: PMC10563162 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
We report a method that enables the fast incorporation of carbon isotopes into the ipso carbon of phenols. Our approach relies on the synthesis of a 1,5-dibromo-1,4-pentadiene precursor, which upon lithium-halogen exchange followed by treatment with carbonate esters results in a formal [5 + 1] cyclization to form the phenol product. Using this strategy, we have prepared 12 1-13C-labeled phenols, show proof-of-concept for the labeling of phenols with carbon-14, and demonstrate phenol synthesis directly from cyclotron-produced [11C]CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin
F. Lynch
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Joseph W. Downey
- Athinoula
A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jacob M. Hooker
- Athinoula
A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
- Department
of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Lurie
Center for Autism, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Lexington, Massachusetts 02421, United States
| | - Mark D. Levin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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2
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Kundu S, Sarkar D. Synthetic Attempts Towards α‐Tocopherol – An Overview. J Heterocycl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhradip Kundu
- Organic Synthesis and Molecular Engineering Lab, Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Rourkela Odisha India
| | - Debayan Sarkar
- Organic Synthesis and Molecular Engineering Lab, Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Rourkela Odisha India
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Indore Madhya Pradesh India
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3
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Grams RJ, Garcia CJ, Szwetkowski C, Santos WL. Catalytic, Transition-Metal-Free Semireduction of Propiolamide Derivatives: Scope and Mechanistic Investigation. Org Lett 2020; 22:7013-7018. [PMID: 32846095 PMCID: PMC10998456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report a transition-metal-free trans-selective semireduction of alkynes with pinacolborane and catalytic potassium tert-butoxide. A variety of 3-substituted primary and secondary propiolamides, including an analog of FK866, a potent nicotinamide mononucleotide adenyltransferase (NMNAT) inhibitor, are reduced to the corresponding (E)-3-substituted acrylamide derivatives in up to 99% yield with >99:1 E/Z selectivity. Mechanistic studies suggest that an activated Lewis acid-base complex transfers a hydride to the α-carbon followed by rapid protonation in a trans fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Justin Grams
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Christopher J Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Connor Szwetkowski
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Webster L Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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4
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Bennett SH, Coulthard G, Aggarwal VK. Prostaglandin Total Synthesis Enabled by the Organocatalytic Dimerization of Succinaldehyde. CHEM REC 2020; 20:936-947. [PMID: 32672398 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandins have been attractive targets in total synthesis for over 50 years, resulting in the development of new synthetic strategies and methodologies that have served the broader chemical community. However, these molecules are not just of academic interest, a number of prostaglandin analogues are used in the clinic, and some are even on the WHO list of essential medicines. In this personal account, we describe our own approach to the family of prostaglandins, which centers around the synthesis of a key enal intermediate, formed from the l-proline catalysed dimerization of succinaldehyde. We highlight the discovery and further optimization of this key reaction, its scale up, and subsequent application to a range of prostaglandins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven H Bennett
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Graeme Coulthard
- Sygnature Discovery, Biocity, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham, NG1 1GR, UK
| | - Varinder K Aggarwal
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
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5
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Cohen A, Chagneau J, Marek I. Stereoselective Preparation of Distant Stereocenters (1,5) within Acyclic Molecules. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Cohen
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Jean Chagneau
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Ilan Marek
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 32000, Israel
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6
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Simard RD, Joyal M, Gillard L, Di Censo G, Maharsy W, Beauregard J, Colarusso P, Patel KD, Prévost M, Nemer M, Guindon Y. Synthesis of Sialyl Lewis X Glycomimetics Bearing a Bicyclic 3- O,4- C-Fused Galactopyranoside Scaffold. J Org Chem 2019; 84:7372-7387. [PMID: 31088084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Reported herein is the synthesis of sialyl LewisX analogues bearing a trans-bicyclo[4.4.0] dioxadecane-modified 3- O,4- C-fused galactopyranoside scaffold that locks the carboxylate pharmacophore in either the axial or equatorial position. This novel series of bicyclic galactopyranosides are prepared through a stereocontrolled intramolecular cyclization reaction that has been evaluated both experimentally and by density functional theory calculations. The cyclization precursors are obtained from β-d-galactose pentaacetate in a nine-step sequence featuring a highly diastereoselective equatorial alkynylation and Cu(I) catalyzed formation of the acetylenic α-ketoester moiety. Preliminary biological evaluations indicate improved activity as P-selectin antagonists for the axially configured analogues as compared to their equatorial counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Simard
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Laboratory , Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal , Montréal , Québec H2W 1R7 , Canada.,Department of Chemistry , Université de Montréal , Montréal , Québec H3C 3J7 , Canada
| | - Mathieu Joyal
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario K1N 6N5 , Canada
| | - Laura Gillard
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Laboratory , Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal , Montréal , Québec H2W 1R7 , Canada
| | - Gianna Di Censo
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Laboratory , Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal , Montréal , Québec H2W 1R7 , Canada
| | - Wael Maharsy
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario K1N 6N5 , Canada
| | - Janie Beauregard
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario K1N 6N5 , Canada
| | - Pina Colarusso
- Live Cell Imaging Laboratory, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta T2N 4N1 , Canada
| | - Kamala D Patel
- Live Cell Imaging Laboratory, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta T2N 4N1 , Canada
| | - Michel Prévost
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Laboratory , Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal , Montréal , Québec H2W 1R7 , Canada
| | - Mona Nemer
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario K1N 6N5 , Canada
| | - Yvan Guindon
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Laboratory , Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal , Montréal , Québec H2W 1R7 , Canada.,Department of Chemistry , Université de Montréal , Montréal , Québec H3C 3J7 , Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario K1N 6N5 , Canada
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7
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Baars H, Classen MJ, Aggarwal VK. Synthesis of Alfaprostol and PGF 2α through 1,4-Addition of an Alkyne to an Enal Intermediate as the Key Step. Org Lett 2018; 19:6008-6011. [PMID: 29064717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The veterinary drug Alfaprostol and prostaglandin PGF2α have been synthesized in just nine steps. The strategy involved the conjugate addition of an alkyne to a bicyclic enal, available in three steps by a proline-catalyzed aldol reaction of succinaldehyde. In the case of Alfaprostol, this resulted in the shortest synthesis reported to date. For PGF2α, this approach improved our previous route by making the 1,4-addition and ozonolysis more operationally simple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Baars
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Moritz J Classen
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Varinder K Aggarwal
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
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8
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Kumaraswamy G, Narayanarao V, Shanigaram P, Balakishan G. Diastereoselective synthesis of an advanced intermediate of the crocacin family using asymmetric transfer hydrogenation-DKR and Marshall allenylation as key reactions. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Matsueda Y, Xu S, Negishi EI. A novel highly enantio- and diastereoselective synthesis of vitamin E side-chain. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.12.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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Wadavrao SB, Ghogare RS, Venkat Narsaiah A. A Concise Total Synthesis of (+)-(6S,9R,10R)-Bovidic Acid. Helv Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201400324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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11
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Baj A, Wałejko P, Witkowski S. Synthesis of new carbacyclic analogs of trolox. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-014-1349-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Lee H, Lee YK, Kim DG, Son MS, Nam TG, Jeong BS. Tocopherol side chain synthesis via asymmetric organocatalytic transfer hydrogenation and convenient measurement of stereoselectivity. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.08.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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13
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Reddy KM, Shashidhar J, Ghosh S. A concise approach for the synthesis of bitungolides: total syntheses of (−)-bitungolide B & E. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:4002-12. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00250d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Fernandes RA, Patil PH, Chowdhury AK. Late-Stage β-Epimerization. A Stereodivergent to Stereoconvergent Relay to the First Total Synthesis of (+)-Murolic Acid. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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15
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McDonald FE, Ishida K, Hurtak JA. Stereoselectivity of electrophile-promoted oxacyclizations of 1,4-dihydroxy-5-alkenes to 3-hydroxytetrahydropyrans. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.04.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Fernandes RA, Chowdhury AK. A Synthesis of (-)-(R)- and (+)-(S)-Lavandulol, (+)-Lavandulyl 2-Methylbutanoate, and (+)-Lavandulyl Senecioate through Orthoester Johnson-Claisen Rearrangement. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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17
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Li NS, Scharf L, Adams EJ, Piccirilli JA. Highly stereocontrolled total synthesis of β-D-mannosyl phosphomycoketide: a natural product from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Org Chem 2013; 78:5970-86. [PMID: 23724960 DOI: 10.1021/jo4006602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
β-D-mannosyl phosphomycoketide (C32-MPM), a naturally occurring glycolipid found in the cell walls of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, acts as a potent antigen to activate T-cells upon presentation by CD1c protein. The lipid portion of C32-MPM contains a C32-mycoketide, consisting of a saturated oligoisoprenoid chain with five chiral methyl branches. Here we develop several stereocontrolled approaches to assemble the oligoisoprenoid chain with high stereopurity (>96%) using Julia-Kocienski olefinations followed by diimide reduction. By careful choice of olefination sites, we could derive all chirality from a single commercial compound, methyl (2S)-3-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (>99% ee). Our approach is the first highly stereocontrolled method to prepare C32-MPM molecule with >96% stereopurity from a single >99% ee starting material. We anticipate that our methods will facilitate the highly stereocontrolled synthesis of a variety of other natural products containing chiral oligoisoprenoid-like chains, including vitamins, phytol, insect pheromones, and archaeal lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Sheng Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.
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18
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Werner EW, Mei TS, Burckle AJ, Sigman MS. Enantioselective Heck arylations of acyclic alkenyl alcohols using a redox-relay strategy. Science 2012; 338:1455-8. [PMID: 23239733 DOI: 10.1126/science.1229208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Progress in the development of asymmetric Heck couplings of arenes and acyclic olefins has been limited by a tenuous understanding of the factors that dictate selectivity in migratory insertion and β-hydride elimination. On the basis of key mechanistic insight recently garnered in the exploration of selective Heck reactions, we report here an enantioselective variant that delivers β-, γ-, or δ-aryl carbonyl products from acyclic alkenol substrates. The catalyst system imparts notable regioselectivity during migratory insertion and promotes the migration of the alkene's unsaturation toward the alcohol to ultimately form the ketone product. The reaction uses aryldiazonium salts as the arene source, yields enantiomeric products from opposite starting alkene configurations, and uses a readily accessible ligand. The racemic nature of the alkenol substrate does not bias the enantioselection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik W Werner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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19
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Fernandes RA, Halle MB, Chowdhury AK, Ingle AB. Diastereoselective synthesis of (+)-nephrosterinic acid and (+)-protolichesterinic acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2011.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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20
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Hosseini-Sarvari M, Mardaneh Z. Solvent-free Synthesis of Propargylic Alcohols using ZnO as a New and Reusable Catalyst by Direct Addition of Alkynes to Aldehydes. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2011. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2011.32.12.4297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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21
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Fernandes RA, Ingle AB, Chaudhari DA. Control of Diastereoselectivity in Orthoester Johnson-Claisen Rearrangement of Tartrate-Based Allyl Alcohol: An Efficient Synthesis of Arundic Acid, a Potential Therapeutic Agent for Alzheimer's Disease. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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22
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23
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A concise synthesis of paraconic acids: (−)-methylenolactocin and (−)-phaseolinic acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2011.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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24
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Fernandes RA, Chowdhury AK. Stereoselective Total Synthesis of (+)-Nephrosteranic Acid and (+)-Roccellaric Acid through Asymmetric Dihydroxylation and Johnson-Claisen Rearrangement. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201001419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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25
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Belger C, Neisius NM, Plietker B. A Selective Ru-Catalyzed Semireduction of Alkynes to Z Olefins under Transfer-Hydrogenation Conditions. Chemistry 2010; 16:12214-20. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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26
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Druais V, Hall MJ, Corsi C, Wendeborn SV, Meyer C, Cossy J. A convergent approach toward phoslactomycins and leustroducsins. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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27
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One-pot ethynylation and catalytic desilylation in synthesis of mestranol and levonorgestrel. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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28
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Fernandes RA, Ingle AB, Chavan VP. Synthesis of β,γ-disubstituted-γ-lactones through a Johnson–Claisen rearrangement: a short route to xylobovide, nor-canadensolide, canadensolide, sporothriolide and santolinolide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2009.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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29
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Fernandes RA, Chowdhury AK. Total Syntheses of All Stereoisomers of Phenatic Acid B. J Org Chem 2009; 74:8826-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo901927w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodney A. Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai 400076 Mumbai, Maharashtra India
| | - Asim K. Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai 400076 Mumbai, Maharashtra India
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30
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Fernandes RA, Dhall A, Ingle AB. A diethyltartrate-based synthesis of both (−)- and (+)-arundic acid. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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31
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Fernandes RA, Ingle AB. Chiral vicinal diols as platforms for separable diastereomers in Johnson–Claisen rearrangement: a new short route to (−)-nor-canadensolide, (−)-canadensolide and (−)-sporothriolide. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.12.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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32
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Druais V, Hall MJ, Corsi C, Wendeborn SV, Meyer C, Cossy J. A Convergent Approach toward the C1−C11 Subunit of Phoslactomycins and Formal Synthesis of Phoslactomycin B. Org Lett 2009; 11:935-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ol8029142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Druais
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, ESPCI ParisTech, CNRS, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France, and Syngenta Crop Protection Muenchwilen AG, WST-820.2.15, Schaffhauserestrasse, 4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - Michael J. Hall
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, ESPCI ParisTech, CNRS, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France, and Syngenta Crop Protection Muenchwilen AG, WST-820.2.15, Schaffhauserestrasse, 4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - Camilla Corsi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, ESPCI ParisTech, CNRS, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France, and Syngenta Crop Protection Muenchwilen AG, WST-820.2.15, Schaffhauserestrasse, 4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian V. Wendeborn
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, ESPCI ParisTech, CNRS, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France, and Syngenta Crop Protection Muenchwilen AG, WST-820.2.15, Schaffhauserestrasse, 4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Meyer
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, ESPCI ParisTech, CNRS, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France, and Syngenta Crop Protection Muenchwilen AG, WST-820.2.15, Schaffhauserestrasse, 4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - Janine Cossy
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, ESPCI ParisTech, CNRS, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France, and Syngenta Crop Protection Muenchwilen AG, WST-820.2.15, Schaffhauserestrasse, 4332 Stein, Switzerland
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Abstract
A modular, 13-step synthesis of the tetrahydropyran-containing annonaceous acetogenin pyranicin is reported. Key features are the use of an Achmatowicz oxidation-Kishi reduction sequence for the assembly of a pyranone from a furan and the application of Fu's alkyl-alkyl Suzuki coupling for subunit union.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolan D Griggs
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, USA
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34
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Keaton KA, Phillips AJ. Toward the synthesis of spirastrellolide B: a synthesis of the C1-C23 subunit. Org Lett 2008; 10:1083-6. [PMID: 18275206 DOI: 10.1021/ol702955m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A synthesis of the C1-C23 subunit of spirastrellolide B is described. The synthesis features two applications of a Kulinkovich-cyclopropanol ring-opening strategy for the coupling of esters with olefins to produce ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A Keaton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0215, USA
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Shang S, Iwadare H, Macks DE, Ambrosini LM, Tan DS. A unified synthetic approach to polyketides having both skeletal and stereochemical diversity. Org Lett 2007; 9:1895-8. [PMID: 17439132 PMCID: PMC2597797 DOI: 10.1021/ol070405p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An efficient systematic approach to the diversity-oriented synthesis of polyketides has been developed to provide both skeletal and stereochemical diversity. Each synthetic intermediate is also a desired polyketide fragment and no protecting group manipulations are required. A first-generation synthesis provides a 74-membered polyketide library comprising six different skeletal classes, each in one to five steps from propargylic alcohol precursors. A study of epoxyol opening reactions revealed unusual reactivity trends based on epoxide configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Shang
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
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36
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Abstract
Vitamin E compounds are biologically essential fat-soluble antioxidants derived from 6-chromanol. This chapter covers the representative literature on the preparation of various stereoisomeric forms and homologues of tocopherols and tocotrienols, and of respective starting materials and intermediates. The industrially most relevant (all-rac)-alpha-tocopherol is generally built up by coupling of arenes with aliphatic precursors. For the synthesis of optically active vitamin E components, various strategies are compiled. In approaches to chiral chroman and side chain building blocks, a broad variety of methods from the repertoire of asymmetric synthesis were applied, that is optical resolution and use of chiral pool starting materials and chiral auxiliaries in stoichiometric as well as catalytic amounts, including catalysis by metal complexes, microorganisms, and enzymes. Most efforts were directed to (2R,4'R,8'R)-alpha-tocopherol due to its prominent biological activity. Syntheses of different stereoisomers (and mixtures thereof) and (beta-, gamma-, delta-) homologues of tocopherols and tocotrienols, as well as methods for their interconversion, are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Netscher
- Research and Development, DSM Nutritional Products CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Seebach
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie der Eidgenössischen Technischen Hochschule ETH‐Zentrum, Universitätstr. 16, CH‐8092 Zürich (Schweiz)
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Serebryakov ÉP, Kryshtal’ GV, Zhdankina GM, Nigmatov AG, Tertov VV, Filatova LV. Synthetic analogs of phytanic acid and their effect on human hepatic cholesterol esterase in vitro. Pharm Chem J 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-006-0050-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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39
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Dani FR, Jones GR, Corsi S, Beard R, Pradella D, Turillazzi S. Nestmate recognition cues in the honey bee: differential importance of cuticular alkanes and alkenes. Chem Senses 2005; 30:477-89. [PMID: 15917370 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bji040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In social insects, recognition of nestmates from aliens is based on olfactory cues, and many studies have demonstrated that such cues are contained within the lipid layer covering the insect cuticle. These lipids are usually a complex mixture of tens of compounds in which aliphatic hydrocarbons are generally the major components. The experiments described here tested whether artificial changes in the cuticular profile through supplementation of naturally occurring alkanes and alkenes in honeybees affect the behaviour of nestmate guards. Compounds were applied to live foragers in microgram quantities and the bees returned to their hive entrance where the behaviour of the guard bees was observed. In this fashion we compared the effect of single alkenes with that of single alkanes; the effect of mixtures of alkenes versus that of mixtures of alkanes and the whole alkane fraction separated from the cuticular lipids versus the alkene fraction. With only one exception (the comparison between n-C(19) and (Z)9-C(19)), in all the experiments bees treated with alkenes were attacked more intensively than bees treated with alkanes. This leads us to conclude that modification of the natural chemical profile with the two different classes of compounds has a different effect on acceptance and suggests that this may correspond to a differential importance in the recognition signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca R Dani
- Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e Genetica dell'Università di Firenze via Romana 17, 50125- Firenze, Italy.
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40
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Stefani HA, Cella R, Dörr FA, de Pereira CM, Gomes FP, Zeni G. Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of functionalized arylacetylenes. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.01.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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41
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Ji SJ, Shen ZL, Gu DG, Huang XY. Ultrasound-promoted alkynylation of ethynylbenzene to ketones under solvent-free condition. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2005; 12:161-163. [PMID: 15491876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2004.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2003] [Revised: 12/22/2003] [Accepted: 01/05/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This paper described alkynylation of ethynylbenzene to ketones catalyzed by potassium tert-butoxide under solvent-free conditions in the presence of ultrasound irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Jun Ji
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Key Lab. of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, Suzhou University, Jiangsu 215006, China.
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42
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Schmida R, Antoulas S, Rüttimann A, Schmid M, Vecchi M, Weiserb H. Synthesis of All Four Stereoisomers of (E)-Vitamin KT (Phylloquinone), Analysis of Their Diastereoisomeric and Enantiomeric Purities and Determination of Their Biopotencies. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19900730517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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43
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Seebach D, Amatsch B, Amstutz R, Beck AK, Doler M, Egli M, Fitzi R, Gautschi M, Herradön B, Hidber PC, Irwin JJ, Locher R, Maestro M, Maetzke T, Mouriño A, Pfammatter E, Plattner DA, Schickli C, Schweizer WB, Seiler P, Stucky G, Petter W, Escalante J, Juaristi E, Quintana D, Miravitlles C, Molins E. Structure and Reactivity of Five- and Six-Ring N, N-, N, O-, and O, O-acetals: A lesson in allylic 1, 3-strain (A1, 3strain). Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19920750326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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44
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Hoppe D, Krämer T. α-Deprotonation of an α-Chiral 2-Alkenylcarbamate with Retention and Lithium-Titanium Exchange with Inversion- the Homoaldol Reaction with 1,3-Chirality Transfer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.198601601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Seebach
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie der Eidgenössischen Technischen Hochschule, ETH‐Zentrum Universitätstrasse 16, CH‐8092 Zürich (Switzerland)
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46
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The use of acetylenic aldehydes in Baylis–Hillman reactions: synthesis of versatile allyl propargyl alcohols. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(03)01169-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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47
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Fleming I, Maiti P, Ramarao C. Stereocontrol of 1,5-related stereocentres using an intermediate silyl group—the diastereoselectivity of nucleophilic attack on a double bond adjacent to a stereogenic centre carrying a silyl group. Org Biomol Chem 2003; 1:3989-4004. [PMID: 14664388 DOI: 10.1039/b305880h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
R-5-Methylcyclohex-2-enone 1 reacts successively with the phenyldimethylsilylzincate reagent and acetaldehyde to give with regiocontrol the aldols 7, dehydration of which creates the E-exocyclic double bond of the alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone 2. Conjugate addition of the ethylcuprate reagent to this compound takes place with high (96:4) selectivity in favour of the R stereoisomer 12, hydrolysis of which gives (2R,3R,5S,2'R)-2-(but-2'-yl)-3-dimethyl(phenyl)silyl-5-methylcyclohexanone 3. The oxime acetate of this ketone undergoes fragmentation in the presence of trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate to give 3R,7R,5E-3,7-dimethylnon-5-enonitrile 4, in which an open-chain 1,5-stereochemical relationship is set up with a high level of stereocontrol. A similar sequence adding 4-methylpentylcuprate to the enone 2, and fragmentation gives 3R,7R,5E-3,7,11-trimethyldodec-5-enonitrile 20. Reduction and hydrogenation of this nitrile gives 3R,7R-3,7,11-trimethyldodecanal 22, which can be converted into phytol 25. The ketoaldehyde 29 reacts with samarium iodide to give only the alcohol 30, in which the radical anion has attacked from the top surface just like the cuprate reagents in their reactions with the ketone 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Fleming
- Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Road, Cambridge UK CB2 1EW.
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48
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Jiang B, Si YG. Alkynylation of carbonyl compounds with terminal acetylenes promoted by ZnCl2 and Et3N: simple, mild and efficient preparation of propargylic alcohols. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)01986-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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49
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Abstract
[structure: see text] The highly stereocontrolled hydroboration of an alkene, a subsequent Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction, a silylcupration on a nonterminal acetylene, and an iododesilylation were the key steps in a convergent total synthesis of (-)-ebelactone A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
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50
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Huo S, Negishi E. A convenient and asymmetric protocol for the synthesis of natural products containing chiral alkyl chains via Zr-catalyzed asymmetric carboalumination of alkenes. Synthesis of phytol and vitamins E and K. Org Lett 2001; 3:3253-6. [PMID: 11594807 DOI: 10.1021/ol010142d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text]. A convenient and asymmetric protocol for the synthesis of chiral oligoisoprenoids is described. Typically, a C14 vitamin E side chain 5 was synthesized in 47% yield over four steps. Isomeric purity of 5 was upgraded to >99% R at C-2 and 97% R at C-6 by the statistical formation of stereoisomeric p-phenylenebisurethanes and their diastereomeric separation. In addition, phytol and vitamin K were synthesized in 21% and 28% overall yields, respectively, over five steps from 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Huo
- Herbert C. Brown Laboratories of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1393, USA
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