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Uraoka S, Shinohara I, Shimizu H, Noguchi K, Yoshimura A, Zhdankin VV, Saito A. Hetero Diels-Alder Reaction and Ene Reaction of Acylnitroso Species in situ Generated by Hypoiodite Catalysis. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saki Uraoka
- Division of Applied Chemistry; Institute of Engineering; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei 184-8588 Tokyo Japan
| | - Ikumi Shinohara
- Division of Applied Chemistry; Institute of Engineering; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei 184-8588 Tokyo Japan
| | - Hisato Shimizu
- Division of Applied Chemistry; Institute of Engineering; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei 184-8588 Tokyo Japan
| | - Keiichi Noguchi
- Instrumentation Analysis Center; Institute of Engineering; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; Tokyo Japan
| | - Akira Yoshimura
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Institute of Engineering; University of Minnesota Duluth; 55812 Duluth MN USA
- Institute of Engineering; The Tomsk Polytechnic University; 634050 Tomsk Russia
| | - Viktor V. Zhdankin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Institute of Engineering; University of Minnesota Duluth; 55812 Duluth MN USA
- Institute of Engineering; The Tomsk Polytechnic University; 634050 Tomsk Russia
| | - Akio Saito
- Division of Applied Chemistry; Institute of Engineering; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei 184-8588 Tokyo Japan
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2
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Tait K, Horvath A, Blanchard N, Tam W. Acid-catalyzed ring-opening reactions of a cyclopropanated 3-aza-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene with alcohols. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:2888-2894. [PMID: 29564016 PMCID: PMC5753073 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The acid-catalyzed ring-opening reactions of a cyclopropanated 3-aza-2-oxabicylic alkene using alcohol nucleophiles were investigated. Although this acid-catalyzed ring-opening reaction did not cleave the cyclopropane unit as planned, this represent the first examples of ring-openings of cyclopropanated 3-aza-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]alkenes that lead to the cleavage of the C-O bond instead of the N-O bond. Different acid catalysts were tested and it was found that pyridinium toluenesulfonate in methanol gave the best yields in the ring-opening reactions. The scope of the reaction was successfully expanded to include primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohol nucleophiles. Through X-ray crystallography, the stereochemistry of the product was determined which confirmed an SN2-like mechanism to form the ring-opened product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Tait
- Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Alysia Horvath
- Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Nicolas Blanchard
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire, ECPM-CNRS UMR7509, University of Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - William Tam
- Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
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3
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Abstract
The nitrosocarbonyls (R-CONO) are highly reactive species and remarkable intermediates toward different synthetic targets. This review will cover a research area whose impact in current organic synthesis is constantly increasing in the chemical community. This review represents the first and comprehensive picture on the generation and trapping of nitrosocarbonyls and is solidly built on more than 380 papers. Six different classes of key starting materials such as hydroxamic acids, N-hydroxy carbamates, N-hydroxyureas, nitrile oxides, and 1,2,4-oxadiazole-4-oxides were highlighted. The content of the review surveys all the methods to generate the nitrosocarbonyls through different approaches (oxidative, thermal, photochemical, catalytic, aerobic, and the less common ones) in the light of efficiency, yields, and mildness. The most successful trapping agents employed to catch these fleeting intermediates are reviewed, exploiting their superior dienophilic, enophilic, and electrophilic power. The work is completed by paragraphs dedicated to the detection of the intermediates, theoretical studies, and insights about the challenges and future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misal Giuseppe Memeo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Pavia , Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Quadrelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Pavia , Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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4
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Synthesis and antiviral activity of anthracene derivatives of isoxazolino-carbocyclic nucleoside analogues. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.02.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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5
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#Nitrosocarbonyls 1: antiviral activity of N-(4-hydroxycyclohex-2-en-1-yl)quinoline-2-carboxamide against the influenza A virus H1N1. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:472373. [PMID: 25610906 PMCID: PMC4293787 DOI: 10.1155/2014/472373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus flu A H1N1 still remains a target for its inhibition with small molecules. Fleeting nitrosocarbonyl intermediates are at work in a short-cut synthesis of carbocyclic nucleoside analogues. The strategy of the synthetic approaches is presented along with the in vitro antiviral tests. The nucleoside derivatives were tested for their inhibitory activity against a variety of viruses. Promising antiviral activities were found for specific compounds in the case of flu A H1N1.
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6
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Yang W, Huang L, Yu Y, Pflästerer D, Rominger F, Hashmi ASK. Highly diastereoselective and regioselective copper-catalyzed nitrosoformate dearomatization reaction under aerobic-oxidation conditions. Chemistry 2014; 20:3927-31. [PMID: 24590772 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201400321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented copper-catalyzed acylnitroso dearomatization reaction, which expands the traditional acylnitroso ene reaction and acylnitroso Diels-Alder reaction to a new type of transformation, has been developed under aerobic oxidation. Intermolecular and intra-/intermolecular reaction modes demonstrate an entirely different N- or O-acylnitroso selectivity. Hence, we can utilize this reaction as a highly diastereoselective access to a series of new pyrroloindoline derivatives, which are important structural motifs for natural-product synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibo Yang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany), Fax: (+49) 6221-54-4205
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7
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HNO made-easy from photochemical cycloreversion of novel 3,5-heterocyclic disubstituted 1,2,4-oxadiazole-4-oxides. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Quadrelli P, Mella M, Legnani L, Al-Saad D. From Cyclopentadiene to Isoxazoline-Carbocyclic Nucleosides; Synthesis of Highly Active Inhibitors of Influenza A Virus H1N1. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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9
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Scagnelli L, Memeo MG, Carosso S, Bovio B, Quadrelli P. Syntheses of New Carbanucleosides by Pericyclic Reactions. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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10
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Quadrelli P, Mella M, Carosso S, Bovio B. N,O-Nucleosides from Ene Reactions of Nitrosocarbonyl Intermediates with the 3-Methyl-2-buten-1-ol. J Org Chem 2012; 78:516-26. [PMID: 23245669 DOI: 10.1021/jo302346a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Quadrelli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia,
Italy
| | - Mariella Mella
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia,
Italy
| | - Serena Carosso
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia,
Italy
| | - Bruna Bovio
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia,
Italy
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11
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12
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Durham R, Mandel J, Blanchard N, Tam W. Ruthenium-catalyzed [2+2] cycloaddition reactions of a 2-oxa-3-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene with unsymmetrical alkynes. CAN J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1139/v11-135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium-catalyzed [2+2] cycloaddition reactions of a 2-oxa-3-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene with unsymmetrical alkynes were investigated. Yields of up to 90% were obtained though regioselectivity was modest. Select cycloadducts could be separated and used to access a highly functionalized [3.2.0] bicyclic structure through reductive cleavage of the N–O bond. These ring-opened products displayed a chemical exchange phenomenon in 1D carbon NMR and required characterization by 2D NMR techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Durham
- Guelph–Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jérémie Mandel
- Université de Haute-Alsace, École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Mulhouse, Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Bioorganique EA4566, 3 rue A. Werner, 68093 Mulhouse CEDEX, France
| | - Nicolas Blanchard
- Université de Haute-Alsace, École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Mulhouse, Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Bioorganique EA4566, 3 rue A. Werner, 68093 Mulhouse CEDEX, France
| | - William Tam
- Guelph–Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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13
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Bolger J, Miller M. Diaryl Ether Containing N-Hydroxycarbamates from Nitroso Cycloadducts. Tetrahedron Lett 2011; 52:2268-2271. [PMID: 21479112 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Regioselective ring opening of N-hydroxycarbamate-derived nitroso cycloadducts by a copper-catalyzed allylic alkylation reaction was achieved and applied to the synthesis of a set of substituted diaryl ether containing compounds. Use of protected 3-hydroxybenzyl bromide allowed access to a late stage phenol intermediate after protection of the N-hydroxy moiety that was generated from the ring opening reaction. The diaryl ethers were then formed by copper-mediated coupling with arylboronic acids. After selective deprotection, alumina-promoted transcarbamoylation provided the target compounds. Previous results indicate the compounds may possess significant inhibitory potency against the proinflammatory enzyme 5-lipoxygenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Bolger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556
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14
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Bodnar BS, Miller MJ. The nitrosocarbonyl hetero-Diels-Alder reaction as a useful tool for organic syntheses. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:5630-47. [PMID: 21520360 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201005764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Organic transformations that result in the formation of multiple covalent bonds within the same reaction are some of the most powerful tools in synthetic organic chemistry. Nitrosocarbonyl hetero-Diels-Alder (HDA) reactions allow for the simultaneous stereospecific introduction of carbon-nitrogen and carbon-oxygen bonds in one synthetic step, and provide direct access to 3,6-dihydro-1,2-oxazines. This Review describes the development of the nitrosocarbonyl HDA reaction and the utility of the resulting oxazine ring in the synthesis of a variety of important, biologically active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian S Bodnar
- Chemspeed Technologies, Inc. 113 North Center Drive, North Brunswick, NJ 08906, USA
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15
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Bodnar BS, Miller MJ. Hetero-Diels-Alder-Reaktionen von Nitrosocarbonylverbindungen als nützliches Verfahren in der organischen Synthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201005764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Bolger JK, Tian W, Wolter WR, Cho W, Suckow MA, Miller MJ. Synthesis and evaluation of 5-lipoxygenase translocation inhibitors from acylnitroso hetero-Diels-Alder cycloadducts. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:2999-3010. [PMID: 21365098 DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00714e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Acylnitroso cycloadducts have proven to be valuable intermediates in the syntheses of a plethora of biologically active molecules. Recently, organometallic reagents were shown to open bicyclic acylnitroso cycloadducts and, more interestingly, the prospect of highly regioselective openings was raised. This transformation was employed in the synthesis of a compound with excellent inhibitory activity against 5-lipoxygenase ((±)-4a, IC(50) 51 nM), an important mediator of inflammation intimately involved in a number of disease states including asthma and cancer. Optimization of the copper-mediated organometallic ring opening reaction was accomplished allowing the further exploration of the biological activity. Synthesis of a number of derivatives with varying affinity for metal binding as well as pendant groups in a range of sizes was accomplished. Analogues were tested in a whole cell assay which revealed a subset of the compounds to be inhibitors of enzyme translocation, a mode of action not previously known and, potentially, extremely important for better understanding of the enzyme and inhibitor development. Additionally, the lead compound was tested in vivo in an established colon cancer model and showed very encouraging anti-tumorogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua K Bolger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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17
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Ji C, Miller MJ. Cyclopropanation of nitroso Diels-Alder cycloadducts and application to the synthesis of a 2',3'-methano carbocyclic nucleoside. Tetrahedron Lett 2010; 51:3789-3791. [PMID: 20607121 PMCID: PMC2894734 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of nitroso Diels-Alder cycloadducts 1 with diazomethane in the presence of palladium acetate gives synthetically useful exo-6-oxa-7-azatricyclo[3.2.1.02,4]octane derivatives 7 in good to excellent yield. Using this methodology, a conformationally restricted 2',3'-methano carbocyclic nucleoside was efficiently synthesized from nitroso cycloadduct 1a in 7 steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Ji
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, 46556, United States
| | - Marvin J. Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, 46556, United States
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18
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Crotti S, Bertolini F, Bussolo VD, Pineschi M. Regioselective Copper-Catalyzed Alkylation of [2.2.2]-Acylnitroso Cycloadducts: Remarkable Effect of the Halide of Grignard Reagents. Org Lett 2010; 12:1828-30. [DOI: 10.1021/ol100454c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Crotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sede di Chimica Bioorganica e Biofarmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Bertolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sede di Chimica Bioorganica e Biofarmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valeria di Bussolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sede di Chimica Bioorganica e Biofarmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Mauro Pineschi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sede di Chimica Bioorganica e Biofarmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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19
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Yang B, Miller MJ. Regio- and stereoselective indium triflate-mediated nucleophilic ring-opening reactions of 3-aza-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene and -[2.2.2]oct-5-ene systems. J Org Chem 2009; 74:7990-3. [PMID: 19754105 DOI: 10.1021/jo9016343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Indium triflate-mediated nucleophilic ring-opening reactions of 3-aza-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene and -[2.2.2]oct-5-ene systems with alcohols and water were investigated. Reactions of [2.2.1] bicyclic systems gave anti-1,2-, anti-1,4- and syn-1,4-ring-opened products with moderate to excellent regio- and stereoselectivity. When [2.2.2] bicyclic systems were subjected to similar reaction conditions, only anti-1,2 and anti-1,4-ring-opened products were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyuan Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
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20
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Machin BP, Ballantine M, Mandel J, Blanchard N, Tam W. Rhodium-catalyzed ring-opening reactions of a 3-aza-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene with arylboronic acids. J Org Chem 2009; 74:7261-6. [PMID: 19731959 DOI: 10.1021/jo901248w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rhodium-catalyzed ring-opening reactions of a 3-aza-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene with arylboronic acids were investigated. The use of [RhCl(COD)](2), (+/-)-BINAP, and NaHCO(3) in MeOH at 60 degrees C was found to be the optimized conditions for the ring-opening reactions to give the 1,2-ring-opened products. Various arylboronic acids were examined, and low to moderate yields were obtained and stereoselectivities (trans/cis) from 50:50 to 100:0 were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben P Machin
- Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
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21
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Quadrelli P, Bovio B, Piccinini A, Caramella P, De Sarlo F, Machetti F. Conversion of a nitrosocarbonyl hetero Diels–Alder cycloadduct to useful isoxazoline-carbocyclic aminols. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Machin BP, Howell J, Mandel J, Blanchard N, Tam W. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Nucleophilic Ring-Opening Reactions of a 3-Aza-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene with Alcohols. Org Lett 2009; 11:2077-80. [DOI: 10.1021/ol900454q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben P. Machin
- Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1, and Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Bioorganique, ENSCMu, CNRS FRE 3253, Université de Haute-Alsace, 3 rue A. Werner, 68093 Mulhouse, Cedex, France
| | - Jennifer Howell
- Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1, and Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Bioorganique, ENSCMu, CNRS FRE 3253, Université de Haute-Alsace, 3 rue A. Werner, 68093 Mulhouse, Cedex, France
| | - Jérémie Mandel
- Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1, and Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Bioorganique, ENSCMu, CNRS FRE 3253, Université de Haute-Alsace, 3 rue A. Werner, 68093 Mulhouse, Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Blanchard
- Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1, and Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Bioorganique, ENSCMu, CNRS FRE 3253, Université de Haute-Alsace, 3 rue A. Werner, 68093 Mulhouse, Cedex, France
| | - William Tam
- Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1, and Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Bioorganique, ENSCMu, CNRS FRE 3253, Université de Haute-Alsace, 3 rue A. Werner, 68093 Mulhouse, Cedex, France
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23
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Cesario C, Miller MJ. Pd(0)/InI-mediated allylic additions to 4-acetoxy-2-azetidinone: new route to highly functionalized carbocyclic scaffolds. Org Lett 2009; 11:1293-5. [PMID: 19216521 DOI: 10.1021/ol9000685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Acylnitroso-derived hetero-Diels-Alder cycloadducts are susceptible to C-O bond cleavage with Pd(0) and InI to form allylic indium(III) species. The in situ prepared allylindium compounds readily react at room temperature with Eschenmoser's salt. Allylation of 4-acetoxy-2-azetidinone provides derivatized cyclopentenes in high regio- and diastereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Cesario
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
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24
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Crotti S, Bertolini F, Macchia F, Pineschi M. Sequential Copper-Catalyzed Rearrangement-Allylic Substitution of Bicyclic Hydrazines with Grignard Reagents. Adv Synth Catal 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200900037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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25
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Quadrelli P, Romano S, Piccanello A, Caramella P. The Remarkable Cis Effect in the Ene Reactions of Nitrosocarbonyl Intermediates. J Org Chem 2009; 74:2301-10. [DOI: 10.1021/jo801641j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Quadrelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica and Unità di Ricerca CNISM e Dipartimento di Fisica “A. Volta”, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Bassi 6, 27100 - Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvano Romano
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica and Unità di Ricerca CNISM e Dipartimento di Fisica “A. Volta”, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Bassi 6, 27100 - Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Piccanello
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica and Unità di Ricerca CNISM e Dipartimento di Fisica “A. Volta”, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Bassi 6, 27100 - Pavia, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Caramella
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica and Unità di Ricerca CNISM e Dipartimento di Fisica “A. Volta”, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Bassi 6, 27100 - Pavia, Italy
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26
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Cesario C, Tardibono LP, Miller MJ. Titanocene(III) chloride-mediated reductions of oxazines, hydroxamic acids, and N-hydroxy carbamates. J Org Chem 2009; 74:448-51. [PMID: 19053586 DOI: 10.1021/jo802184y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Titanocene(III) chloride (Cp(2)TiCl), generated in situ, reduces N-O bonds of various substrates in good to excellent yields (72-95%). Reactions may be performed with stoichiometric Cp(2)TiCl or with catalytic Cp(2)TiCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Cesario
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46545, USA
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27
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Bodnar BS, Miller MJ. Brønsted acid-mediated opening of nitroso cycloadducts under anhydrous conditions. Tetrahedron Lett 2009; 50:796-798. [PMID: 20160837 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.11.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
An unusual bicyclic hydroxamate resulted from C-O bond cleavage of acylnitroso hetero-Diels-Alder cycloadducts when treated with catalytic Brønsted acids under anhydrous conditions. Similarly, the formation of a nitrone was observed using one equivalent of triflic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian S Bodnar
- Deparment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
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28
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Concise syntheses of enantiomerically pure protected 4-hydroxypyroglutamic acid and 4-hydroxyproline from a nitroso-cyclopentadiene cycloadduct. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 19:2835-2838. [PMID: 20011098 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2008.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
O-TBS-protected methyl trans-4-hydroxypyroglutamate and methyl trans-4-hydroxyproline ester were synthesized from nitroso-cyclopentadiene Diels-Alder cycloadducts. Enzymatic resolution of the key intermediate, 4-amino-cyclopent-2-enol, provides access to both L- and D- amino acids.
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Reymond
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique,
ESPCI ParisTech, CNRS, 10 Rue
Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Janine Cossy
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique,
ESPCI ParisTech, CNRS, 10 Rue
Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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30
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From cyclopentadiene to isoxazoline-carbocyclic nucleosides: a rapid access to biological molecules through aza-Diels–Alder reactions. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.01.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Krchňák V, Moellmann U, Dahse HM, Miller MJ. Solid-Supported Nitroso Hetero Diels–Alder Reactions. 1. Acylnitroso Dienophiles: Scope and Limitations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 10:94-103. [DOI: 10.1021/cc700140h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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32
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Krchnák V, Moellmann U, Dahse HM, Miller MJ. Solid-supported nitroso hetero-Diels-Alder reactions. 3. Acid-mediated transformation of cycloadducts by scission of the oxazine C-O bonds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 10:112-7. [PMID: 18067270 DOI: 10.1021/cc700142d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Polymer-supported dihydro[1,2]oxazine derivatives were prepared by acyl- and arylnitroso hetero-Diels-Alder reactions and exposed to strong (trifluoroacetic) acid during cleavage from resin-bound linkers. Cycloadducts prepared from cyclic dienes containing electron-donating substituents at the C6 oxazine carbon promoted formation of carbocations by cleavage of the C-O bond. The carbocations were quenched by nucleophilic reagents including triethylsilane, water, and alcohols and provided access to novel derivatives of N-alkyl hydroxamates. Products were submitted to biological assays, and the results are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Krchnák
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA.
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33
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Templin SS, Wallock NJ, Haworth DT, Donaldson WA, Bennett DW, Siddiquee T. Cycloaddition reactions of phthalimide substituted cyclic polyenes with heteroatom dienophiles. J Heterocycl Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570440334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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34
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Yamamoto H, Kawasaki M. Nitroso and Azo Compounds in Modern Organic Synthesis: Late Blooming but Very Rich. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2007. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.80.595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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35
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Bodnar BS, Miller MJ. Reactions of nitroso hetero-Diels-Alder cycloadducts with azides: stereoselective formation of triazolines and aziridines. J Org Chem 2007; 72:3929-32. [PMID: 17429998 PMCID: PMC3170844 DOI: 10.1021/jo0701987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The addition of azides to acylnitroso hetero-Diels-Alder cycloadducts derived from cyclopentadiene affords exo-triazolines in excellent yield. The reaction is greatly affected by the level of alkene strain, while sterically demanding azides do not hinder the reaction. Conversion of the triazolines to aziridines is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian S Bodnar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
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36
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Chen W, Day CS, King SB. Grignard reagent-mediated conversion of an acyl nitroso-anthracene cycloadduct to a nitrone. J Org Chem 2007; 71:9221-4. [PMID: 17109552 PMCID: PMC3481167 DOI: 10.1021/jo0615192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An intramolecular hetero-Diels-Alder cycloadduct of an acyl nitroso compound and a 9,10-dimethyl anthracene derivative was prepared as a potential nitroxyl (HNO) donor. This compound did not release HNO under any of the conditions tested. Treatment of this cycloadduct with excess MeMgCl resulted in the formation of a nitrone, whose structure was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. A mechanism where MeMgCl acts as a nucleophile, strong base, and Lewis acid possibly explains the formation of this product.
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37
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Anas S, John J, Sajisha VS, John J, Rajan R, Suresh E, Radhakrishnan KV. Iodine assisted palladium catalyzed ring opening of bicyclic hydrazines with organoboronic acids: stereoselective synthesis of functionalized cyclopentenes and alkylidene cyclopentenes. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:4010-9. [DOI: 10.1039/b714921b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Chen QH, Rao PNP, Knaus EE. Synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel class of rofecoxib analogues as dual inhibitors of cyclooxygenases (COXs) and lipoxygenases (LOXs). Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:7898-909. [PMID: 16904331 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2006] [Revised: 07/17/2006] [Accepted: 07/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A group of 4-(4-methanesulfonylphenyl)-3-phenyl-2(5H)furanones possessing an acetyl, 3-oxobut-1-ynyl, [hydroxyl(or alkoxy)imino]alkyl, [hydroxyl(or alkoxy)imino]alkynyl, and N-alkoxy(or N-phenoxy)carbonyl-N-hydroxy-N-ethylamino substituents at the para-position of the C-3 phenyl ring of rofecoxib were synthesized. This group of compounds was designed for evaluation as dual inhibitors of cyclooxygenases (COXs) and lipoxygenases (LOXs) that exhibit in vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. In vitro COX-1/COX-2, and 5-LOX/15-LOX, isozyme inhibition structure-activity relationships identified 3-[4-(1-hydroxyimino)ethylphenyl]-4-(4-methanesulfonylphenyl)-2(5H)furanone (17a) having an optimal combination of COX-2 (COX-2 IC50 = 1.4 microM; COX-2 SI > 71), and 5-LOX and 15 LOX (5-LOX IC50 = 0.28 microM; 15-LOX IC50 = 0.32 microM), inhibitory effects. It was also discovered that 3-[4-(3-hydroxyiminobut-1-ynyl)phenyl]-4-(4-methanesulfonylphenyl)-2(5H)furanone (18a) possesses dual COX-2 (IC50 = 2.7 microM) and 5-LOX (IC50 = 0.30 microM) inhibitor actions. Further in vivo studies employing a rat carrageenan-induced paw edema model showed that the oxime compounds (17a, 18a) were more potent anti-inflammatory agents than the 5-LOX inhibitor caffeic acid, and 15-LOX inhibitor nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), but less potent than the selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib. The results of this investigation showed that incorporation of a para-oxime moiety on the C-3 phenyl ring of rofecoxib provides a suitable template for the design of dual inhibitors of the COX and LOX enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Hong Chen
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada T6G 2N8
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39
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Sajisha V, Radhakrishnan K. Palladium/Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Reactions of Bicyclic Hydrazines with Organostannanes: A General Methodology for the Stereoselective Synthesis of 3,4-Disubstituted Cyclopentenes. Adv Synth Catal 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200505488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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40
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Sajisha V, Smitha M, Anas S, Radhakrishnan K. A facile synthesis of 3-allyl-4-hydrazinocyclopentenes by the palladium/Lewis acid mediated ring opening of bicyclic hydrazines with allyltributyltin and allyltrimethylsilane. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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41
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Quadrelli P, Scrocchi R, Piccanello A, Caramella P. Photochemical generation of nitrosocarbonyl intermediates on solid phase: synthons toward hetero Diels-Alder and Ene adducts through photocleavage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 7:887-92. [PMID: 16283797 DOI: 10.1021/cc050056v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of 1,2,4-oxadiazole-4-oxides on polystyrenic solid phase docked at the position 3 of the heterocyclic ring has been performed through the cycloaddition of stable supported nitrile oxides to amidoximes. The photochemical cycloreversion of these heterocycles afforded the free nitrosocarbonyl intermediates that were trapped by suitable dienes or enes. The method is proposed as a clean and environmental friendly approach to the fleeting nitrosocarbonyl intermediates, which afford valuable adducts for various synthetic applications. The isomeric heterocycles docked at the position 5 of the ring have also been obtained by cycloaddition of nitrile oxides to supported amidoximes. Their photolysis afforded resin-bound nitrosocarbonyls that were trapped with dienes affording valuable supported adducts suitable for further elaboration on solid-phase chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Quadrelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Viale Taramelli 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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42
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Kalita B, Nicholas KM. Copper-catalyzed allylic hydroxyamination and amination of alkenes with Boc-hydroxylamine. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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43
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Lewis TA, Bayless L, DiPesa AJ, Eckman JB, Gillard M, Libertine L, Scannell RT, Wypij DM, Young MA. 5-Lipoxygenase inhibition by N-hydroxycarbamates in dual-function compounds. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:1083-5. [PMID: 15686917 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2004] [Revised: 12/06/2004] [Accepted: 12/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of N-hydroxycarbamates containing a histaminergic H(1) receptor antagonist pharmacophore was synthesized. In vitro assays determined the compounds had both histaminergic binding and 5-lipoxygenase inhibiting activities comparable to the corresponding N-hydroxyurea analog. Animal models demonstrated antihistaminergic and the 5-lipopxygenase inhibitory activity, with the N-hydroxyurea analog having a better overall profile.
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44
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Skattebøl L, Stenstrøm Y, Syvertsen C. Insect juvenile hormone analogues and their biological activity on sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2004; 52:6944-6949. [PMID: 15537301 DOI: 10.1021/jf049259h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A number of synthetic compounds that exhibit juvenile hormone activity when tested on the insect species Tenebrio molitor have been shown to inhibit the development of the sea lice species Lepeophtheirus salmonis. The testing was carried out on both isolated nauplius larvae and live Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Skattebøl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway.
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45
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Lee W, Miller MJ. Concise Synthesis of 4-Acylamino Analogues of 2-Aminobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic Acids (LY354740) from an Acylnitroso Diels−Alder Cycloadduct. J Org Chem 2004; 69:4516-9. [PMID: 15202910 DOI: 10.1021/jo0495034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Concise total syntheses of 4-acylamino analogues of LY354740 were accomplished employing an N-Boc acylnitroso Diels-Alder cycloadduct as the starting material. The syntheses involved N-O bond cleavage, oxidation, intermolecular cyclopropanation, Bucherer-Bergs reaction, hydrolysis, and regioselective acylation with a temporary copper chelate. The synthesis of an optically active compound was also achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlin Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670, USA
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46
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Luna AP, Cesario M, Bonin M, Micouin L. Stereoselective Ring Opening of meso Bicyclic Hydrazines: A Straightforward Approach to Hydrazino Cyclopentenic Cores. Org Lett 2003; 5:4771-4. [PMID: 14653670 DOI: 10.1021/ol0357393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The diastereoselective synthesis of hydrazinocyclopentenes 6 or 7 can be achieved in a straightforward manner from Diels-Alder adduct 4 using an acid-catalyzed rearrangement or a palladium-catalyzed allylic substitution reaction. In the latter case, enantioenriched compounds with ee values up to 58% can be obtained when an appropriate chiral ligand is used. [reaction: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Pérez Luna
- Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique, UMR 8638 Associée au CNRS et à l'Université René Descartes, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 4 av de l'Observatoire, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
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47
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Kobayashi Y, Murugesh MG, Nakano M, Takahisa E, Usmani SB, Ainai T. A new method for installation of aryl and alkenyl groups onto a cyclopentene ring and synthesis of prostaglandins. J Org Chem 2002; 67:7110-23. [PMID: 12354006 DOI: 10.1021/jo020375y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To construct a new strategy for synthesis of cyclopentanoids, the transition metal-catalyzed coupling reaction of cis 4-cyclopentene-1,3-diol monoacetate 1 with hard nucleophiles, R(T)-m, was investigated (eq 1 in Chart 1). Although preliminary experiments using PhZnCl, PhSnMe(3), [Ph-B(Me)(OCH(Me)CH(Me)O)]-Li(+) (6a) (derived from boronate ester 4a (R(T) = Ph) and MeLi) in the presence of a palladium or a nickel catalyst resulted in production of unidentified compounds, enone 16, and/or ketone 17 or recovery of 1, a new borate 5a (derived from 4a and n-BuLi) in the presence of a nickel catalyst (NiCl(2)(PPh(3))(2)) in THF at room temperature furnished the trans coupling products 2a (R(T) = Ph) and 3a (R(T) = Ph) in high combined yield, but with a low product ratio of 0.9:1. The ratio was improved to 13:1 by addition of t-BuCN and NaI into the reaction mixture. This is the first successful example of the reaction of 1 with a hard nucleophile, and the increase in the ratio, realized with the additives, is unprecedented. This reagent system (borate 5 (1.2-1.8 equiv), NiCl(2)(PPh(3))(2) (5-10 mol %), t-BuCN (2-5 equiv), NaI (0.5-1 equiv), THF, room temp) was further investigated with aryl borates 5b-g and alkenyl borates 5h-n to afford 2b-n in moderate to good yields (52-89%) with practically acceptable levels of the regioselectivity (5 approximately 21:1), thus establishing the generality of the reaction (Table 2, eqs 6 and 7). Starting with the products of the coupling reaction, syntheses of the prostaglandin intermediates 13 and 14 (for 11-deoxy-PGE(2) and PGA(2)) and Delta(7)-PGA(1) methyl ester (15) were accomplished efficiently. During these investigations, LDA, LiCA, and LHMDS were found to be equally efficient bases for aldol reaction at the alpha' (alpha prime) position of cyclopentenones 39, 40, and 41 (Table 3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Kobayashi
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan.
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