1
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Jachak GR, Kashinath K, Vasudevan N, Athawale PR, Choudhury R, Dange SS, Agarwal H, Barthwal MK, Reddy DS. Comprehensive Study on Solomonamides: Total Synthesis, Stereochemical Revision, and SAR Studies toward Identification of Simplified Lead. J Org Chem 2023; 88:17088-17133. [PMID: 38051995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Solomonamides, a pair of macrocyclic peptide natural products originating from marine sources, have garnered significant attention within the synthetic community owing to their marked anti-inflammatory efficacy and intricate molecular architectures. In this paper, we present a very detailed investigation into solomonamides, including the challenges associated with the total synthesis, the evolution of our synthetic strategies, structural reassignment, synthesis of all possible stereoisomeric macrocycles, biological assessment, structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies, etc. Within the ambit of this total synthesis, diverse strategies for macrocyclization were rigorously explored, encompassing the Friedel-Crafts acylation, cyclization involving the aniline NH2 moiety, macrolactamization utilizing Gly-NH2, and Heck macrocyclization methodologies. In addition, an array of intriguing chemical transformations were devised, including but not limited to photo-Fries rearrangement, Wacker oxidation, ligand-free Heck macrocyclization, oxidative cleavage of indole, synthesis of contiguous stereocenters via substrate/reagent-controlled protocols, and simultaneous making and breaking of olefinic moieties. The findings of this investigation revealed a structurally simplified lead compound. Remarkably, the lead compound, while possessing structural simplification in comparison to the intricate solomonamide counterparts, demonstrates equipotent in vivo anti-inflammatory efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorakhnath R Jachak
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - K Kashinath
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - N Vasudevan
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Paresh R Athawale
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Rahul Choudhury
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Santoshkumar S Dange
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Heena Agarwal
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Barthwal
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India
| | - D Srinivasa Reddy
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India
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2
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Dhara D, Dhara A, Bennett J, Murphy PV. Cyclisations and Strategies for Stereoselective Synthesis of Piperidine Iminosugars. CHEM REC 2021; 21:2958-2979. [PMID: 34713557 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This personal account focuses on synthesis of polyhydroxylated piperidines, a subset of compounds within the iminosugar family. Cyclisations to form the piperidine ring include reductive amination, substitution via amines, iminium ions and cyclic nitrones, transamidification (N-acyl transfer), addition to alkenes, ring contraction and expansion, photoinduced electron transfer, multicomponent Ugi reaction and ring closing metathesis. Enantiomerically pure piperidines are obtained from chiral pool precursors (e. g. sugars, amino acids, Garner's aldehyde) or asymmetric reactions (e. g. epoxidation, dihydroxylation, aminohydroxylation, aldol, biotransformation). Our laboratory have contributed cascades based on reductive amination from glycosyl azide precursors as well as Huisgen azide-alkene cycloaddition. The latter's combination with allylic azide rearrangement has given substituted piperidines, including those with quaternary centres adjacent to nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashis Dhara
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, NUI Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland.,Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, UMR 3523 CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Ashis Dhara
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, NUI Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Jack Bennett
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, NUI Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Paul V Murphy
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, NUI Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland.,SSPC - The Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, NUI Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
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3
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Athiyarath V, Roy NJ, Vijil ATV, Sureshan KM. Synthesis of novel seven-membered carbasugars and evaluation of their glycosidase inhibition potentials. RSC Adv 2021; 11:9410-9420. [PMID: 35423467 PMCID: PMC8698521 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00804h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the synthesis of five novel seven-membered carbasugar analogs. We adopted a chiral-pool strategy starting from the cheap and readily available d-mannitol to synthesize these ring-expanded carbasugars. Apart from several regioselective protecting group manipulations, these syntheses involved Wittig olefination and ring-closing metathesis as the key steps. We observed an unprecedented deoxygenation reaction of an allylic benzyl ether upon treatment with H2/Pd during the synthesis. Preliminary biological evaluation of the carbasugars revealed that these ring expanded carbasugars act as inhibitors of various glycosidases. This study highlights the importance of the synthesis of novel ring expanded carbasugars and their biological exploration. Here, we report the synthesis of five novel seven-membered carbasugar analogs.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Athiyarath
- School of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram
- India
| | - Naveen J. Roy
- School of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram
- India
| | - A. T. V. Vijil
- School of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram
- India
| | - Kana M. Sureshan
- School of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram
- India
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4
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Matassini C, Parmeggiani C, Cardona F. New Frontiers on Human Safe Insecticides and Fungicides: An Opinion on Trehalase Inhibitors. Molecules 2020; 25:E3013. [PMID: 32630325 PMCID: PMC7411730 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25133013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the era of green economy, trehalase inhibitors represent a valuable chance to develop non-toxic pesticides, being hydrophilic compounds that do not persist in the environment. The lesson on this topic that we learned from the past can be of great help in the research on new specific green pesticides. This review aims to describe the efforts made in the last 50 years in the evaluation of natural compounds and their analogues as trehalase inhibitors, in view of their potential use as insecticides and fungicides. Specifically, we analyzed trehalase inhibitors based on sugars and sugar mimics, focusing on those showing good inhibition properties towards insect trehalases. Despite their attractiveness as a target, up to now there are no trehalase inhibitors that have been developed as commercial insecticides. Although natural complex pseudo di- and trisaccharides were firstly studied to this aim, iminosugars look to be more promising, showing an excellent specificity profile towards insect trehalases. The results reported here represent an overview and a discussion of the best candidates which may lead to the development of an effective insecticide in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Matassini
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
| | - Camilla Parmeggiani
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy via Nello Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Francesca Cardona
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
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5
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Wu P, Givskov M, Nielsen TE. Reactivity and Synthetic Applications of Multicomponent Petasis Reactions. Chem Rev 2019; 119:11245-11290. [PMID: 31454230 PMCID: PMC6813545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Petasis boron-Mannich reaction, simply referred to as the Petasis reaction, is a powerful multicomponent coupling reaction of a boronic acid, an amine, and a carbonyl derivative. Highly functionalized amines with multiple stereogenic centers can be efficiently accessed via the Petasis reaction with high levels of both diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity. By drawing attention to examples reported in the past 8 years, this Review demonstrates the breadth of the reactivity and synthetic applications of Petasis reactions in several frontiers: the expansion of the substrate scope in the classic three-component process; nonclassic Petasis reactions with additional components; Petasis-type reactions with noncanonical substrates, mechanism, and products; new asymmetric versions assisted by chiral catalysts; combinations with a secondary or tertiary transformation in a cascade- or sequence-specific manner to access structurally complex, natural-product-like heterocycles; and the synthesis of polyhydroxy alkaloids and biologically interesting molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wu
- Chemical
Genomics Center of the Max Planck Society, Dortmund 44227, Germany
- Department
of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute
of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund 44227, Germany
- Chemical
Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad
Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Medicine and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University
of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Michael Givskov
- Costerton
Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
- Singapore
Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Thomas E. Nielsen
- Costerton
Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
- Singapore
Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
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6
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Underlin EN, Jensen HH. Synthesis of nortropane alkaloid calystegine B2 from methyl α-d-xylopyranoside. Carbohydr Res 2019; 472:122-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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7
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Kashinath K, Jachak GR, Athawale PR, Marelli UK, Gonnade RG, Reddy DS. Total Synthesis of the Marine Natural Product Solomonamide B Necessitates Stereochemical Revision. Org Lett 2016; 18:3178-81. [PMID: 27332700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of the proposed structure of solomonamide B has been achieved. However, the (1)H and (13)C NMR spectral data of the synthesized compound was not exactly matching with that of the natural solomonamide B. This prompted us to revise the originally proposed structure, in particular, the stereochemistry of the nonpeptide part, which was confirmed by its total synthesis. During the course of the synthesis, we have developed an interesting hydroxy group directed Wacker oxidation of internal olefins in a macrocyclic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kashinath
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , New Delhi 110 025, India
| | - Gorakhnath R Jachak
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , New Delhi 110 025, India
| | | | - Udaya Kiran Marelli
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , New Delhi 110 025, India
| | - Rajesh G Gonnade
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , New Delhi 110 025, India
| | - D Srinivasa Reddy
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , New Delhi 110 025, India
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8
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Wang HY, Kato A, Kinami K, Li YX, Fleet GWJ, Yu CY. Concise synthesis of calystegines B2 and B3via intramolecular Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:4885-96. [PMID: 27161660 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00697c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The key step in the concise syntheses of calystegine B2 and its C-2 epimer calystegine B3 was the construction of cycloheptanone 8via an intramolecular Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi (NHK) reaction of 9, an aldehyde containing a Z-vinyl iodide. Vinyl iodide 9 was obtained by the Stork olefination of aldehyde 10, derived from carbohydrate starting materials. Calystegines B2 (3) and B3 (4) were synthesized from d-xylose and l-arabinose derivatives respectively in 11 steps in excellent overall yields (27% and 19%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yao Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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9
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Synthesis of some carbahexopyranoses using Mn/CrCl3 mediated domino reactions and ring closing metathesis. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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10
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Bera S, Mondal D, Martin JT, Singh M. Potential effect of ultrasound on carbohydrates. Carbohydr Res 2015; 410:15-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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Salamone S, Clement LL, Viuff AH, Andersen OJ, Jensen F, Jensen HH. Synthesis and evaluation of galacto-noeurostegine and its 2-deoxy analogue as glycosidase inhibitors. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:7979-92. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01062d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An epimer of the known glycosidase inhibitor noeurostegine, galacto-noeurostegine, was synthesised in 21 steps from levoglucosan and found to be a potent, competitive and highly selective galactosidase inhibitor of Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ole Juul Andersen
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- Aarhus C
- Denmark
- Center for Insoluble Protein Structures (inSPIN) and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO)
| | - Frank Jensen
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- Aarhus C
- Denmark
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12
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Viuff AH, Besenbacher LM, Kamori A, Jensen MT, Kilian M, Kato A, Jensen HH. Stable analogues of nojirimycin – synthesis and biological evaluation of nojiristegine and manno-nojiristegine. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:9637-58. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01281c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two novel iminosugars called nojiristegines, being structural hybrids between nor-tropane alkaloid calystegine and nojirimycins, have been synthesised and the hemiaminal functionality found to be stable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Akiko Kamori
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy
- University of Toyama
- Toyama 930-01940
- Japan
| | | | - Mogens Kilian
- Department of Biomedicine
- Aarhus University
- 8000 Aarhus C
- Denmark
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy
- University of Toyama
- Toyama 930-01940
- Japan
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13
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Lerch MM, Morandi B, Wickens ZK, Grubbs RH. Rapid Access to β-Trifluoromethyl-Substituted Ketones: Harnessing Inductive Effects in Wacker-Type Oxidations of Internal Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:8654-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201404712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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Lerch MM, Morandi B, Wickens ZK, Grubbs RH. Rapid Access to β-Trifluoromethyl-Substituted Ketones: Harnessing Inductive Effects in Wacker-Type Oxidations of Internal Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201404712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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15
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Griffen JA, White JC, Kociok-Köhn G, Lloyd MD, Wells A, Arnot TC, Lewis SE. New aminocyclitols with quaternary stereocentres via acylnitroso cycloaddition with an ipso,ortho arene dihydrodiol. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Soengas RG, Silva AMS. Domino Reaction of Iodoglycosides: Synthesis of Carbohydrate-Based Nitroalkenes. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Khlevin DA, Sosonyuk SE, Proskurnina MV, Zefirov NS. Stereoselective Synthesis of Polyhydroxycycloheptanes and Their Phosphate Derivatives from 8-Oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octenes. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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18
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Shen ZL, Wang SY, Chok YK, Xu YH, Loh TP. Organoindium Reagents: The Preparation and Application in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2012; 113:271-401. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300051y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Liang Shen
- Division of Chemistry and Biological
Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore 637371
| | - Shun-Yi Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological
Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore 637371
| | - Yew-Keong Chok
- Division of Chemistry and Biological
Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore 637371
| | - Yun-He Xu
- Department
of Chemistry, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
- Division of Chemistry and Biological
Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore 637371
| | - Teck-Peng Loh
- Department
of Chemistry, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
- Division of Chemistry and Biological
Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore 637371
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19
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Kamimura A, Miyazaki K, Suzuki S, Ishikawa S, Uno H. Total synthesis of ent-calystegine B4 via nitro-Michael/aldol reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:4362-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25386k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Mukherjee P, Sarkar TK. Heteroatom-directed Wacker oxidations. A protection-free synthesis of (−)-heliophenanthrone. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:3060-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob07095b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Chiral pool synthesis of calystegine A3 from 2-deoxyglucose via a Brown allylation. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:2855-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Monrad RN, Madsen R. Modern methods for shortening and extending the carbon chain in carbohydrates at the anomeric center. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Delso I, Tejero T, Goti A, Merino P. Sequential Nucleophilic Addition/Intramolecular Cycloaddition to Chiral Nonracemic Cyclic Nitrones: A Highly Stereoselective Approach to Polyhydroxynortropane Alkaloids. J Org Chem 2011; 76:4139-43. [DOI: 10.1021/jo200315k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrea Goti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica “Ugo Schiff”, Università di Firenze, ICCOM-CNR, via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
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24
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Beniazza R, Desvergnes V, Mehta G, Blanchard N, Robert F, Landais Y. An Approach Toward Homocalystegines and Silyl-homocalystegines. Acid-Mediated Migrations of Acetates in Seven-Membered Ring Systems. J Org Chem 2011; 76:791-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo101945h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Redouane Beniazza
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR-CNRS 5255, 351, Cours de la Libération, F-33405 Talence cedex, France
| | - Valérie Desvergnes
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR-CNRS 5255, 351, Cours de la Libération, F-33405 Talence cedex, France
| | - Goverdhan Mehta
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Nicolas Blanchard
- Organic, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry Department, ENSCMu - CNRS - Université de Haute-Alsace, 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Robert
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR-CNRS 5255, 351, Cours de la Libération, F-33405 Talence cedex, France
| | - Yannick Landais
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR-CNRS 5255, 351, Cours de la Libération, F-33405 Talence cedex, France
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25
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Mukherjee P, Roy SJS, Sarkar TK. A diversity-oriented synthesis of bicyclic cis-dihydroarenediols, cis-4-hydroxyscytalones, and bicyclic conduritol analogues. Org Lett 2010; 12:2472-5. [PMID: 20443572 DOI: 10.1021/ol100557f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A common-intermediate-based enantioselective strategy has been developed aiming at bicyclic arene cis-dihydrodiols, cis-4-hydroxyscytalones, and bicyclic mimics of conduritol. Key features of this protocol include Barrett's asymmetric hydroxyallylation, ring-closing metathesis (RCM), and completely regioselective Wacker oxidation of internal cyclic olefins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parag Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
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26
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Kim SJ, Jang DO. Indium-Mediated Catalytic Enantioselective Allylation of N-Benzoylhydrazones Using a Protonated Chiral Amine. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:12168-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja1035336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Jun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 220-710, Korea
| | - Doo Ok Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 220-710, Korea
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27
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Tite T, Jacquelin F, Bischoff L, Fruit C, Marsais F. An efficient approach to new dihydroxyquinolizidines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2010.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Bercier A, Plantier-Royon R, Portella C. Domino reactions of 5-deoxy-5-iodo-d-xylo- and -l-arabinofuranose derivatives with organometallic reagents. A way towards polyfunctionalized building-blocks. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Moosophon P, Baird MC, Kanokmedhakul S, Pyne SG. Total Synthesis of Calystegine B4. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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30
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Gloster TM, Davies GJ. Glycosidase inhibition: assessing mimicry of the transition state. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:305-20. [PMID: 20066263 PMCID: PMC2822703 DOI: 10.1039/b915870g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glycoside hydrolases, the enzymes responsible for hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond in di-, oligo- and polysaccharides, and glycoconjugates, are ubiquitous in Nature and fundamental to existence. The extreme stability of the glycosidic bond has meant these enzymes have evolved into highly proficient catalysts, with an estimated 10(17) fold rate enhancement over the uncatalysed reaction. Such rate enhancements mean that enzymes bind the substrate at the transition state with extraordinary affinity; the dissociation constant for the transition state is predicted to be 10(-22) M. Inhibition of glycoside hydrolases has widespread application in the treatment of viral infections, such as influenza and HIV, lysosomal storage disorders, cancer and diabetes. If inhibitors are designed to mimic the transition state, it should be possible to harness some of the transition state affinity, resulting in highly potent and specific drugs. Here we examine a number of glycosidase inhibitors which have been developed over the past half century, either by Nature or synthetically by man. A number of criteria have been proposed to ascertain which of these inhibitors are true transition state mimics, but these features have only be critically investigated in a very few cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey M. Gloster
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5YW, UK. ; ; Fax: +44 1904 328266; Tel: +44 1904 328260
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Gideon J. Davies
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5YW, UK. ; ; Fax: +44 1904 328266; Tel: +44 1904 328260
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31
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Rasmussen TS, Jensen HH. Synthesis and glycosidase inhibitory activity of noeurostegine-a new and potent inhibitor of beta-glucoside hydrolases. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 8:433-41. [PMID: 20066281 DOI: 10.1039/b918576c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new, stable hemi-aminal nor-tropane christened noeurostegine was synthesised in 22 steps from levoglucosan and tested for inhibitory activity against glycoside hydrolases. Sweet almond and Thermotoga maritimabeta-glucosidases, coffee bean alpha-galactosidase, and Asp. oryzaebeta-galactosidase were inhibited in the low micromolar region but significant tightening of binding to K(i) 50 nM for almond beta-glucosidase was found to occur after pre-incubation. Yeast alpha-glucosidase and E. colibeta-galactosidase were not inhibited at 1 mM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Secher Rasmussen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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32
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Dam JH, Madsen R. Convergent Synthesis of Pancratistatin from Piperonal and Xylose. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Monrad RN, Pipper CB, Madsen R. Synthesis of Calystegine A3from Glucose by the Use of Ring-Closing Metathesis. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Methyl 6-deoxy-6-iodo-α-d-glucopyranoside: crystal structure and high-resolution NMR spectroscopy. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344:830-3. [PMID: 19268282 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2008] [Revised: 02/05/2009] [Accepted: 02/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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35
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Lo Re D, Franco F, Sánchez-Cantalejo F, Tamayo JA. Total Synthesis of 3-O-Benzyl-1,3,5-tri-epi-calystegine B2 from L-Sorbose. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200801232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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36
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Shing T, Wong W, Ikeno T, Yamada T. Stereo- and Regioselectivity in an Intramolecular Nitrone-Alkene Cycloaddition of Hept-6-enoses with atrans-Acetonide Blocking Group. Chemistry 2009; 15:2693-707. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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37
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Monrad RN, Fanefjord M, Hansen FG, Jensen NME, Madsen R. Synthesis of Gabosine A and N from Ribose by the Use of Ring-Closing Metathesis. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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38
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39
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Biastoff
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
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40
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Pollini GP, Benetti S, De Risi C, Zanirato V. Synthetic approaches to enantiomerically pure 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane derivatives. Chem Rev 2007; 106:2434-54. [PMID: 16771455 DOI: 10.1021/cr050995+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gian P Pollini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy.
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41
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Håkansson AE, Palmelund A, Holm H, Madsen R. Synthesis of 7-deoxypancratistatin from carbohydrates by the use of olefin metathesis. Chemistry 2007; 12:3243-53. [PMID: 16470562 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200501429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The stereocontrolled synthesis of (+)-7-deoxypancratistatin is described. The convergent synthesis has been achieved by two different strategies, both of which commence from a pentose and piperonal. The latter is converted into allylic bromide 7, which is then coupled with a protected methyl 5-deoxy-5-iodo-D-ribofuranoside in the presence of zinc metal. The first strategy involves a total of only 13 steps from D-ribose and piperonal, but suffers from a low yield in the zinc-mediated reaction between ribofuranoside 9, benzylamine, and bromide 7. The second strategy involves a total of 18 steps from D-xylose and piperonal. The former is converted into ribofuranoside 28, which is coupled with bromide 7 in the presence of zinc, and this is followed by ring-closing olefin metathesis. Subsequent Overman rearrangement, dihydroxylation, and deprotection then affords the natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders E Håkansson
- Center for Sustainable and Green Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Building 201, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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42
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Cheng HY, Sun CS, Hou DR. Regioselective Palladium-Catalyzed Formate Reduction of N-Heterocyclic Allylic Acetates. J Org Chem 2007; 72:2674-7. [PMID: 17343418 DOI: 10.1021/jo0624896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The regioselective palladium-catalyzed formate reduction of allylic acetates in five- to eight-membered heterocycles is reported. Reduction of allylic acetates under mild conditions using allylpalladium chloride dimer, phosphines, and formic acid/triethylamine in DMF gives the exo-cyclic olefins in good regioselectivities and high yields. Synthetic application in preparing N-tosyl-3-oxo-piperidine is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Yi Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Jhongli City, Taoyuan, Taiwan 32001
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43
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Gloster TM, Meloncelli P, Stick RV, Zechel D, Vasella A, Davies GJ. Glycosidase Inhibition: An Assessment of the Binding of 18 Putative Transition-State Mimics. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:2345-54. [PMID: 17279749 DOI: 10.1021/ja066961g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The inhibition of glycoside hydrolases, through transition-state mimicry, is important both as a probe of enzyme mechanism and in the continuing quest for new drugs, notably in the treatment of cancer, HIV, influenza, and diabetes. The high affinity with which these enzymes are known to bind the transition state provides a framework upon which to design potent inhibitors. Recent work [for example, Bülow, A. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 8567-8568; Zechel, D. L. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 14313-14323] has revealed quite confusing and counter-intuitive patterns of inhibition for a number of glycosidase inhibitors. Here we describe a synergistic approach for analysis of inhibitors with a single enzyme 'model system', the Thermotoga maritima family 1 beta-glucosidase, TmGH1. The pH dependence of enzyme activity and inhibition has been determined, structures of inhibitor complexes have been solved by X-ray crystallography, with data up to 1.65 A resolution, and isothermal titration calorimetry was used to establish the thermodynamic signature. This has allowed the characterization of 18 compounds, all putative transition-state mimics, in order to build an 'inhibition profile' that provides an insight into what governs binding. In contrast to our preconceptions, there is little correlation of inhibitor chemistry with the calorimetric dissection of thermodynamics. The ensemble of inhibitors shows strong enthalpy-entropy compensation, and the random distribution of similar inhibitors across the plot of DeltaH degrees a vs TDeltaS degrees a likely reflects the enormous contribution of solvation and desolvation effects on ligand binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey M Gloster
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5YW, UK
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44
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Madsen R. Synthetic Strategies for Converting Carbohydrates into Carbocycles by the Use of Olefin Metathesis. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200600614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Madsen
- Center for Sustainable and Green Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Building 201, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark, Fax: +45‐4593‐3968
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45
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Chen YL, Redlich H, Bergander K, Fröhlich R. d-Glucosamine trimethylene dithioacetal derivatives: formation of six- and seven-membered ring amino carbasugars. Synthesis of (–)-calystegine B3,. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:3330-9. [PMID: 17912387 DOI: 10.1039/b711112f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
By virtue of carefully chosen protecting groups, d-glucosamine trimethylene dithioacetal derivatives were successfully oxidized to the corresponding 6-aldehydes. This methodology reverses the donor and acceptor position on a normal open chain sugar and changes the relative position of the N-substituent. From the 6-aldehydes, heptose epoxide derivatives were prepared by a Corey-Chaykovsky reaction, and cyclized by the Corey-Seebach method. Depending on the designed protecting groups, the orthogonally protected six- and seven-membered ring amino carbasugars can be produced selectively and efficiently. (-)-Calystegine B(3) was synthesized from one of those products with high yield. This is the first anionic cyclization pathway to calystegine type structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Lei Chen
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149, Münster, Germany
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46
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Brock A, Herzfeld T, Paschke R, Koch M, Dräger B. Brassicaceae contain nortropane alkaloids. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2006; 67:2050-7. [PMID: 16884746 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2006] [Revised: 06/16/2006] [Accepted: 06/19/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The report of cochlearine, the 3-hydroxybenzoate ester of tropine found in Cochlearia officinalis, Brassicaceae, initiated a screening for tropane alkaloids in Cochlearia species and for calystegines in further Brassicaceae. All ten Cochlearia species investigated contained cochlearine, tropine, and pseudotropine. Calystegines, nortropane alkaloids deriving from pseudotropine, were also identified in all Cochlearia species and accumulated up to 0.5% dry mass in leaves. Brassicaceae species of all major lineages of the family were analysed for calystegines. Of the 43 species included in the study, 18 accumulated calystegines of various structures. This is the first screening of Brassicaceae for products of the tropane alkaloid pathway, which is known as characteristic for plants of Solanaceae family. The identification of calystegines in all branches of the Brassicaceae family including Aethionema, a species at the basis of the family, suggests tropane alkaloids as secondary compound typical for Brassicaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Brock
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, D-06120-Halle, Germany
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47
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Gloster TM, Madsen R, Davies GJ. Dissection of Conformationally Restricted Inhibitors Binding to a β-Glucosidase. Chembiochem 2006; 7:738-42. [PMID: 16628756 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200600005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tracey M Gloster
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5YW, UK
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48
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49
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Lauritsen A, Madsen R. Synthesis of naturally occurring iminosugars from d-fructose by the use of a zinc-mediated fragmentation reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2006; 4:2898-905. [PMID: 16855738 DOI: 10.1039/b605818c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A short synthesis of 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-D-arabinitol (DAB) and a formal synthesis of australine are described. In both cases, D-fructose is employed as the starting material and converted into a protected methyl 6-deoxy-6-iodo-furanoside. Zinc-mediated fragmentation produces an unsaturated ketone which serves as a key building block for both syntheses. Ozonolysis, reductive amination with benzylamine and deprotection affords 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-D-arabinitol in only 7 steps and 11% overall yield from D-fructose. Alternatively, reductive amination with homoallylamine, ring-closing metathesis and protecting group manipulations give rise to an intermediate which can be converted into australine in 3 steps. The intermediate is prepared by two different strategies both of which use a total of 9 steps. The first strategy utilizes benzyl ethers for protection of fructose while the second and more effective strategy employs an isopropylidene acetal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Lauritsen
- Center for Sustainable and Green Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Building 201, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby
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50
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Keinicke L, Fristrup P, Norrby PO, Madsen R. Nonradical Zinc−Barbier Reaction for Diastereoselective Synthesis of Vicinal Amino Alcohols. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:15756-61. [PMID: 16277518 DOI: 10.1021/ja054706a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new protocol for the synthesis of vicinal amino alcohols is described. The method employs a Barbier-type reaction between an imine and 3-benzoyloxyallyl bromide in the presence of zinc metal. The addition products are debenzoylated to afford amino alcohols in good yields and with diastereomeric ratios greater than 85:15 in favor of the anti isomer. A Hammett study has been performed which strongly indicates that the allylation does not follow a radical mechanism, but instead an organometallic reagent is formed which subsequently reacts with the imine. A computational study based on this mechanism reproduces the observed diastereoselectivity with high accuracy, but only when a sufficiently large portion of the substrate is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Keinicke
- Center for Sustainable and Green Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Building 201, Kemitorvet, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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