1
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnete H. Viuff
- Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mads Heuckendorff
- Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Henrik H. Jensen
- Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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2
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Viuff AH, Jensen HH. Synthesis and evaluation of N-alkylated analogues of aza-galacto-fagomine - potential pharmacological chaperones for Krabbe disease. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:8545-56. [PMID: 27545315 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01309k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Seven novel alkylated or acylated analogues of hexahydropyridazine aza-galacto-fagomine (AGF) was prepared and studied as glycosidase inhibitors with the aim of increasing inhibitory potency and selectivity. The enzyme galactocerebrosidase, implicated in Krabbe disease, was found to be potently inhibited by n-butyl N2-alkylated AGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnete H Viuff
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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3
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Spratley SJ, Hill CH, Viuff AH, Edgar JR, Skjødt K, Deane JE. Molecular Mechanisms of Disease Pathogenesis Differ in Krabbe Disease Variants. Traffic 2016; 17:908-22. [PMID: 27126738 PMCID: PMC4949656 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Krabbe disease is a severe, fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by defects in the lysosomal enzyme galactocerebrosidase (GALC). The correct targeting of GALC to the lysosome is essential for the degradation of glycosphingolipids including the primary lipid component of myelin. Over 100 different mutations have been identified in GALC that cause Krabbe disease but the mechanisms by which they cause disease remain unclear. We have generated monoclonal antibodies against full-length human GALC and used these to monitor the trafficking and processing of GALC variants in cell-based assays and by immunofluorescence microscopy. Striking differences in the secretion, processing and endosomal targeting of GALC variants allows the classification of these into distinct categories. A subset of GALC variants are not secreted by cells, not proteolytically processed, and remain trapped in the ER; these are likely to cause disease due to protein misfolding and should be targeted for pharmacological chaperone therapies. Other GALC variants can be correctly secreted by cells and cause disease due to catalytic defects in the enzyme active site, inappropriate post-translational modification or a potential inability to bind essential cofactors. The classification of disease pathogenesis presented here provides a molecular framework for appropriate targeting of future Krabbe disease therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Spratley
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Chris H Hill
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.,Current address: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Agnete H Viuff
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - James R Edgar
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Karsten Skjødt
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, 5000, Denmark
| | - Janet E Deane
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
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4
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Hill CH, Viuff AH, Spratley SJ, Salamone S, Christensen SH, Read RJ, Moriarty NW, Jensen HH, Deane JE. Azasugar inhibitors as pharmacological chaperones for Krabbe disease. Chem Sci 2015; 6:3075-3086. [PMID: 26029356 PMCID: PMC4445328 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00754b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Modified azasugar molecules have been synthesized and characterized as excellent pharmacological chaperone candidates to treat the neurodegenerative disorder Krabbe disease.
Krabbe disease is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by rapid demyelination of nerve fibers. This disease is caused by defects in the lysosomal enzyme β-galactocerebrosidase (GALC), which hydrolyzes the terminal galactose from glycosphingolipids. These lipids are essential components of eukaryotic cell membranes: substrates of GALC include galactocerebroside, the primary lipid component of myelin, and psychosine, a cytotoxic metabolite. Mutations of GALC that cause misfolding of the protein may be responsive to pharmacological chaperone therapy (PCT), whereby small molecules are used to stabilize these mutant proteins, thus correcting trafficking defects and increasing residual catabolic activity in cells. Here we describe a new approach for the synthesis of galacto-configured azasugars and the characterization of their interaction with GALC using biophysical, biochemical and crystallographic methods. We identify that the global stabilization of GALC conferred by azasugar derivatives, measured by fluorescence-based thermal shift assays, is directly related to their binding affinity, measured by enzyme inhibition. X-ray crystal structures of these molecules bound in the GALC active site reveal which residues participate in stabilizing interactions, show how potency is achieved and illustrate the penalties of aza/iminosugar ring distortion. The structure–activity relationships described here identify the key physical properties required of pharmacological chaperones for Krabbe disease and highlight the potential of azasugars as stabilizing agents for future enzyme replacement therapies. This work lays the foundation for new drug-based treatments of Krabbe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris H Hill
- Department of Haematology , Cambridge Institute for Medical Research , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 0XY , UK .
| | - Agnete H Viuff
- Department of Chemistry , Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C. , Denmark .
| | - Samantha J Spratley
- Department of Haematology , Cambridge Institute for Medical Research , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 0XY , UK .
| | - Stéphane Salamone
- Department of Chemistry , Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C. , Denmark .
| | - Stig H Christensen
- Department of Chemistry , Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C. , Denmark .
| | - Randy J Read
- Department of Haematology , Cambridge Institute for Medical Research , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 0XY , UK .
| | - Nigel W Moriarty
- Physical Biosciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , CA 94720 , USA
| | - Henrik H Jensen
- Department of Chemistry , Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C. , Denmark .
| | - Janet E Deane
- Department of Haematology , Cambridge Institute for Medical Research , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 0XY , UK .
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Salamone S, Clement LL, Viuff AH, Andersen OJ, Jensen F, Jensen HH. Synthesis and evaluation of galacto-noeurostegine and its 2-deoxy analogue as glycosidase inhibitors. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:7979-92. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01062d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An epimer of the known glycosidase inhibitor noeurostegine, galacto-noeurostegine, was synthesised in 21 steps from levoglucosan and found to be a potent, competitive and highly selective galactosidase inhibitor of Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ole Juul Andersen
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- Aarhus C
- Denmark
- Center for Insoluble Protein Structures (inSPIN) and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO)
| | - Frank Jensen
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- Aarhus C
- Denmark
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Viuff AH, Besenbacher LM, Kamori A, Jensen MT, Kilian M, Kato A, Jensen HH. Stable analogues of nojirimycin – synthesis and biological evaluation of nojiristegine and manno-nojiristegine. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:9637-58. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01281c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two novel iminosugars called nojiristegines, being structural hybrids between nor-tropane alkaloid calystegine and nojirimycins, have been synthesised and the hemiaminal functionality found to be stable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Akiko Kamori
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy
- University of Toyama
- Toyama 930-01940
- Japan
| | | | - Mogens Kilian
- Department of Biomedicine
- Aarhus University
- 8000 Aarhus C
- Denmark
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy
- University of Toyama
- Toyama 930-01940
- Japan
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnete H. Viuff
- a Department of Chemistry , Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Jacob C. Hansen
- a Department of Chemistry , Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| | | | - Henrik H. Jensen
- a Department of Chemistry , Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
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