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Debiec K, Sochacka E. Efficient access to 3'- O-phosphoramidite derivatives of tRNA related N 6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine (t 6A) and 2-methylthio- N 6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine (ms 2t 6A). RSC Adv 2021; 11:1992-1999. [PMID: 35424152 PMCID: PMC8693639 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09803e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient method of ureido linkage formation during epimerization-free one-pot synthesis of protected hypermodified N 6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine (t6A) and its 2-SMe analog (ms2t6A) was developed. The method is based on a Tf2O-mediated direct conversion of the N-Boc-protecting group of N-Boc-threonine into the isocyanate derivative, followed by reaction with the N 6 exo-amine function of the sugar protected nucleoside (yield 86-94%). Starting from 2',3',5'-tri-O-acetyl protected adenosine or 2-methylthioadenosine, the corresponding 3'-O-phosphoramidite monomers were obtained in 48% and 42% overall yield (5 step synthesis). In an analogous synthesis, using the 2'-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-3',5'-O-(di-tert-butylsilylene) protection system at the adenosine ribose moiety, the t6A-phosphoramidite monomer was obtained in a less laborious manner and in a remarkably better yield of 74%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Debiec
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology Zeromskiego 116 90-924 Lodz Poland
| | - Elzbieta Sochacka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology Zeromskiego 116 90-924 Lodz Poland
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2
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Debiec K, Matuszewski M, Podskoczyj K, Leszczynska G, Sochacka E. Chemical Synthesis of Oligoribonucleotide (ASL of tRNA Lys T. brucei) Containing a Recently Discovered Cyclic Form of 2-Methylthio-N 6 -threonylcarbamoyladenosine (ms 2 ct 6 A). Chemistry 2019; 25:13309-13317. [PMID: 31328310 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of the protected form of 2-methylthio-N6 -threonylcarbamoyl adenosine (ms2 t6 A) was developed starting from adenosine or guanosine by using the optimized carbamate method and, for the first time, an isocyanate route. The hypermodified nucleoside was subsequently transformed into the protected ms2 t6 A-phosphoramidite monomer and used in a large-scale synthesis of the precursor 17nt ms2 t6 A-oligonucleotide (the anticodon stem and loop fragment of tRNALys from T. brucei). Finally, stereochemically secure ms2 t6 A→ms2 ct6 A cyclization at the oligonucleotide level efficiently afforded a tRNA fragment bearing the ms2 ct6 A unit. The applied post-synthetic approach provides two sequentially homologous ms2 t6 A- and ms2 ct6 A-oligonucleotides that are suitable for further comparative structure-activity relationship studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Debiec
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924, Łódź, Poland
| | - Michal Matuszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924, Łódź, Poland
| | - Karolina Podskoczyj
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924, Łódź, Poland
| | - Grazyna Leszczynska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924, Łódź, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Sochacka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924, Łódź, Poland
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3
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Atdjian C, Iannazzo L, Braud E, Ethève-Quelquejeu M. Synthesis of SAM-Adenosine Conjugates for the Study of m 6
A-RNA Methyltransferases. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colette Atdjian
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques; Team “Chemistry of RNAs, nucleosides, peptides and heterocycles”; Université Paris Descartes; UMR 8601; 75005 Paris France
| | - Laura Iannazzo
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques; Team “Chemistry of RNAs, nucleosides, peptides and heterocycles”; Université Paris Descartes; UMR 8601; 75005 Paris France
| | - Emmanuelle Braud
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques; Team “Chemistry of RNAs, nucleosides, peptides and heterocycles”; Université Paris Descartes; UMR 8601; 75005 Paris France
| | - Mélanie Ethève-Quelquejeu
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques; Team “Chemistry of RNAs, nucleosides, peptides and heterocycles”; Université Paris Descartes; UMR 8601; 75005 Paris France
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Leszczynska G, Pięta J, Wozniak K, Malkiewicz A. Site-selected incorporation of 5-carboxymethylaminomethyl(-2-thio)uridine into RNA sequences by phosphoramidite chemistry. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:1052-6. [PMID: 24407195 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42302f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
5-Carboxymethylaminomethyluridine (cmnm(5)U) and 5-carboxymethylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine (cmnm(5)s(2)U) are located at the wobble position in several cytosolic and mitochondrial tRNA sequences. In this paper, we report the first site-selected incorporation of cmnm(5)U and cmnm(5)s(2)U into RNA sequences by phosphoramidite chemistry on a CPG solid support. Trifluoroacetyl and 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl were selected for the protection of the amine and carboxyl functions, respectively.
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Leszczynska G, Leonczak P, Dziergowska A, Malkiewicz A. mt-tRNA components: synthesis of (2-thio)uridines modified with blocked glycine/taurine moieties at C-5,1. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2014; 32:599-616. [PMID: 24138499 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2013.838261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we discuss the usefulness of reductive amination of 5-formyl-2',3'-O-isopropylidene(-2-thio)uridine with glycine or taurine esters in the presence of sodium triacetoxyborohydride (NaBH(OAc)3) for the synthesis of the native mitochondrial (mt) tRNA components 5-carboxymethylaminomethyl(-2-thio)uridine (cmnm(5)(s(2))U) and 5-taurinomethyl(-2-thio)uridine (τm(5)(s(2))U) with a blocked amino acid function. 2-(Trimethylsilyl)ethyl and 2-(p-nitrophenyl)ethyl esters of glycine and 2-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)ethyl ester of taurine were selected as protection of carboxylic and sulfonic acid residues, respectively. The first synthesis of 5-formyl-2',3'-O-isopropylidene-2-thiouridine is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazyna Leszczynska
- a Institute of Organic Chemistry , Lodz University of Technology , Lodz , Poland
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Leszczynska G, Leonczak P, Wozniak K, Malkiewicz A. Chemical synthesis of the 5-taurinomethyl(-2-thio)uridine modified anticodon arm of the human mitochondrial tRNA(Leu(UUR)) and tRNA(Lys). RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2014; 20:938-947. [PMID: 24757169 PMCID: PMC4024646 DOI: 10.1261/rna.044412.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
5-Taurinomethyluridine (τm(5)U) and 5-taurinomethyl-2-thiouridine (τm(5)s(2)U) are located at the wobble position of human mitochondrial (hmt) tRNA(Leu(UUR)) and tRNA(Lys), respectively. Both hypermodified units restrict decoding of the third codon letter to A and G. Pathogenic mutations in the genes encoding hmt-tRNA(Leu(UUR)) and hmt-tRNA(Lys) are responsible for the loss of the discussed modifications and, as a consequence, for the occurrence of severe mitochondrial dysfunctions (MELAS, MERRF). Synthetic oligoribonucleotides bearing modified nucleosides are a versatile tool for studying mechanisms of genetic message translation and accompanying pathologies at nucleoside resolution. In this paper, we present site-specific chemical incorporation of τm(5)U and τm(5)s(2)U into 17-mers related to the sequence of the anticodon arms hmt-tRNA(Leu(UUR)) and hmt-tRNA(Lys), respectively employing phosphoramidite chemistry on CPG support. Selected protecting groups for the sulfonic acid (4-(tert-butyldiphenylsilanyloxy)-2,2-dimethylbutyl) and the exoamine function (-C(O)CF3) are compatible with the blockage of the canonical monomeric units. The synthesis of τm(5)s(2)U-modified RNA fragment was performed under conditions eliminating the formation of side products of 2-thiocarbonyl group oxidation and/or oxidative desulphurization. The structure of the final oligomers was confirmed by mass spectroscopy and enzymatic cleavage data.
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Vendeix FAP, Murphy FV, Cantara WA, Leszczyńska G, Gustilo EM, Sproat B, Malkiewicz A, Agris PF. Human tRNA(Lys3)(UUU) is pre-structured by natural modifications for cognate and wobble codon binding through keto-enol tautomerism. J Mol Biol 2011; 416:467-85. [PMID: 22227389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2011.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Human tRNA(Lys3)(UUU) (htRNA(Lys3)(UUU)) decodes the lysine codons AAA and AAG during translation and also plays a crucial role as the primer for HIV-1 (human immunodeficiency virus type 1) reverse transcription. The posttranscriptional modifications 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine (mcm(5)s(2)U(34)), 2-methylthio-N(6)-threonylcarbamoyladenosine (ms(2)t(6)A(37)), and pseudouridine (Ψ(39)) in the tRNA's anticodon domain are critical for ribosomal binding and HIV-1 reverse transcription. To understand the importance of modified nucleoside contributions, we determined the structure and function of this tRNA's anticodon stem and loop (ASL) domain with these modifications at positions 34, 37, and 39, respectively (hASL(Lys3)(UUU)-mcm(5)s(2)U(34);ms(2)t(6)A(37);Ψ(39)). Ribosome binding assays in vitro revealed that the hASL(Lys3)(UUU)-mcm(5)s(2)U(34);ms(2)t(6)A(37);Ψ(39) bound AAA and AAG codons, whereas binding of the unmodified ASL(Lys3)(UUU) was barely detectable. The UV hyperchromicity, the circular dichroism, and the structural analyses indicated that Ψ(39) enhanced the thermodynamic stability of the ASL through base stacking while ms(2)t(6)A(37) restrained the anticodon to adopt an open loop conformation that is required for ribosomal binding. The NMR-restrained molecular-dynamics-derived solution structure revealed that the modifications provided an open, ordered loop for codon binding. The crystal structures of the hASL(Lys3)(UUU)-mcm(5)s(2)U(34);ms(2)t(6)A(37);Ψ(39) bound to the 30S ribosomal subunit with each codon in the A site showed that the modified nucleotides mcm(5)s(2)U(34) and ms(2)t(6)A(37) participate in the stability of the anticodon-codon interaction. Importantly, the mcm(5)s(2)U(34)·G(3) wobble base pair is in the Watson-Crick geometry, requiring unusual hydrogen bonding to G in which mcm(5)s(2)U(34) must shift from the keto to the enol form. The results unambiguously demonstrate that modifications pre-structure the anticodon as a key prerequisite for efficient and accurate recognition of cognate and wobble codons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck A P Vendeix
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7622, USA.
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Abstract
Post-transcriptional ribonucleotide modification is a phenomenon best studied in tRNA, where it occurs most frequently and in great chemical diversity. This paper reviews the intrinsic network of modifications in the structural core of the tRNA, which governs structural flexibility and rigidity to fine-tune the molecule to peak performance and to regulate its steady-state level. Structural effects of RNA modifications range from nanometer-scale rearrangements to subtle restrictions of conformational space on the angstrom scale. Structural stabilization resulting from nucleotide modification results in increased thermal stability and translates into protection against unspecific degradation by bases and nucleases. Several mechanisms of specific degradation of hypomodified tRNA, which were only recently discovered, provide a link between structural and metabolic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Motorin
- Laboratoire ARN-RNP Maturation-Structure-Fonction, Enzymologie Moléculaire et Structurale (AREMS), UMR 7214 CNRS-UHP Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Henri Poincaré, Nancy 1, Bld des Aiguillettes, BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
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9
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Chow CS, Mahto SK, Lamichhane TN. Combined Approaches to Site-Specific Modification of RNA. ACS Chem Biol 2008; 3:30-37. [PMID: 18177002 DOI: 10.1021/cb7002225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Both natural and unnatural modifications in RNA are of interest to biologists and chemists. More than 100 different analogues of the four standard RNA nucleosides have been identified in nature. Unnatural modifications are useful for structure and mechanistic studies of RNA. This Review highlights chemical, enzymatic, and combined (semisynthesis) approaches to generate site specifically modified RNAs. The availability of these methods for site-specific modifications of RNAs of all sizes is important in order to study the relationships between RNA chemical composition, structure, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine S. Chow
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Santosh K. Mahto
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Tek N. Lamichhane
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
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Banert K, Jawabrah Al-Hourani B, Rüfer T, Walfort B, Lang H. Regio- and Stereoselective Synthesis of Thiazole-Substituted Histamine and Adenine Derivatives by Nucleophilic Attack at Allenyl Isothiocyanate. HETEROCYCLES 2008. [DOI: 10.3987/com-08-11430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Vergne J, Cognet JAH, Szathmáry E, Maurel MC. In vitro selection of halo-thermophilic RNA reveals two families of resistant RNA. Gene 2006; 371:182-93. [PMID: 16503099 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2005.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2005] [Revised: 11/09/2005] [Accepted: 11/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The "RNA world" hypothesis proposes that early in the evolution of life, RNA was responsible both for the storage and transfer of genetic information and for the catalysis of biochemical reactions. One of the problems of the hypothesis is that RNA is known to be temperature sensitive. Nevertheless, different types of sequences with a thermostable phenotype may exist. In order to test this possibility, we applied an in vitro evolution method (SELEX) to isolate RNA molecules that are resistant at high temperatures (80 degrees C for 65 h) and high salt concentrations (2 M NaCl). The sequences of the resulting cloned halo-thermophilic RNAs can be grouped in two families (I and II) possessing very different thermal and chemical stabilities and very different secondary structures. The selected RNA molecules illustrate two different possibilities leading to thermal resistance which may be related to primitive conditions. We propose that members of family I constitute a good means of storing sequence information while members of family II are less efficient but replicate faster in early steps of the SELEX. These selected RNA behaviors may be related to primitive conditions and could allow to define limits for survival, and demonstrate that what is at stake for RNA molecules, as for living organisms, is survival and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Vergne
- Biochemistry of Evolution and Molecular Adaptability, Institute Jacques-Monod, CNRS, University Paris VI, Tour 43, 2 place Jussieu, 75251 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Durant PC, Bajji AC, Sundaram M, Kumar RK, Davis DR. Structural effects of hypermodified nucleosides in the Escherichia coli and human tRNALys anticodon loop: the effect of nucleosides s2U, mcm5U, mcm5s2U, mnm5s2U, t6A, and ms2t6A. Biochemistry 2005; 44:8078-89. [PMID: 15924427 DOI: 10.1021/bi050343f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies of unmodified and pseudouridine39-modified tRNA(Lys) anticodon stem loops (ASLs) show that significant structural rearrangements must occur to attain a canonical anticodon loop conformation. The Escherichia coli tRNA(Lys) modifications mnm(5)s(2)U34 and t(6)A37 have indeed been shown to remodel the anticodon loop, although significant dynamic flexibility remains within the weakly stacked U35 and U36 anticodon residues. The present study examines the individual effects of mnm(5)s(2)U34, s(2)U34, t(6)A37, and Mg(2+) on tRNA(Lys) ASLs to decipher how the E. coli modifications accomplish the noncanonical to canonical structural transition. We also investigated the effects of the corresponding human tRNA(Lys,3) versions of the E. coli modifications, using NMR to analyze tRNA ASLs containing the nucleosides mcm(5)U34, mcm(5)s(2)U34, and ms(2)t(6)A37. The human wobble modification has a less dramatic loop remodeling effect, presumably because of the absence of a positive charge on the mcm(5) side chain. Nonspecific magnesium effects appear to play an important role in promoting anticodon stacking. Paradoxically, both t(6)A37 and ms(2)t(6)A37 actually decrease anticodon stacking compared to A37 by promoting U36 bulging. Rather than stack with U36, the t(6)A37 nucleotide in the free tRNAs is prepositioned to form a cross-strand stack with the first codon nucleotide as seen in the recent crystal structures of tRNA(Lys) ASLs bound to the 30S ribosomal subunit. Wobble modifications, t(6)A37, and magnesium each make unique contributions toward promoting canonical tRNA structure in the fundamentally dynamic tRNA(Lys)(UUU) anticodon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe C Durant
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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Humeník M, Dzurilla M, Kutschy P, Solčániová E, Kováčik V, Bekešová S. Synthesis of 1-Glycosyl Derivatives of Benzocamalexin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1135/cccc20041657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The linear synthesis of 1-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-, 1-(β-D-galactopyranosyl)-, 1-(β-D-mannopyranosyl)- and 1-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)benzocamalexin was elaborated from indoline as a starting compound and corresponding pentaacetylhexoses or 1-O-acetyl-2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-D-ribose as suitable glycosyl donors.
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Bajji AC, Sundaram M, Myszka DG, Davis DR. An RNA complex of the HIV-1 A-loop and tRNA(Lys,3) is stabilized by nucleoside modifications. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:14302-3. [PMID: 12452693 DOI: 10.1021/ja028015f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The HIV transcription initiation complex involves a putative interaction between the primer tRNA anticodon and a conserved A-rich loop in the HIV genome. Surface plasmon resonance was used to demonstrate that the hypermodified nucleosides in the tRNA anticodon stem loop (ASL) stabilize RNA-RNA interactions in a model for the anticodon/A-loop complex. tRNA ASL hairpins with the modifications of Escherchia coli tRNALys and human tRNALys,3 each form stable complexes. Partially modified tRNA ASLs bind the A-loop hairpin with lesser affinity, and it was found that the modifications of the bacterial and mammalian tRNAs make distinct contributions toward stabilizing the RNA complex. One model for the anticodon/A-loop RNA complex that is consistent with the known modification effects on tRNA structure and function is that of complementary tRNAs, as seen for the published crystal structure of tRNAAsp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok C Bajji
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 30 South 2000 East Room 307, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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