1
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Yeo S, Choi A, Greaves S, Meijer AJHM, Silvestri IP, Coldham I. Kinetic Resolution of 2-Aryldihydroquinolines Using Lithiation - Synthesis of Chiral 1,2- and 1,4-Dihydroquinolines. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300815. [PMID: 37067465 PMCID: PMC10946909 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Highly enantiomerically enriched dihydrohydroquinolines were prepared in two steps from quinoline. Addition of aryllithiums to quinoline with tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) protection gave N-Boc-2-aryl-1,2-dihydroquinolines. These were treated with n-butyllithium and electrophilic trapping occurred exclusively at C-4 of the dihydroquinoline, a result supported by DFT studies. Variable temperature NMR spectroscopy gave kinetic data for the barrier to rotation of the carbonyl group (ΔG≠ ≈49 kJ mol-1 , 195 K). Lithiation using the diamine sparteine allowed kinetic resolutions with high enantioselectivities (enantiomer ratio up to 99 : 1). The enantioenriched 1,2-dihydroquinolines could be converted to 1,4-dihydroquinolines with retention of stereochemistry. Further functionalisation led to trisubstituted products. Reduction provided enantioenriched tetrahydroquinolines, whereas acid-promoted removal of Boc led to quinolines, and this was applied to a synthesis of the antimalarial compound M5717.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song‐Hee Yeo
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of SheffieldBrook HillSheffieldS3 7HFUK
| | - Anthony Choi
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of SheffieldBrook HillSheffieldS3 7HFUK
| | - Sophie Greaves
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of SheffieldBrook HillSheffieldS3 7HFUK
| | | | | | - Iain Coldham
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of SheffieldBrook HillSheffieldS3 7HFUK
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2
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Eren NM, Orr SA, Thompson CD, Border EC, Stevens MA, Blair VL. Synthesis, Structure, and Solution Studies of Lithiated Allylic Phosphines and Phosphine Oxides. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nimrod M. Eren
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Samantha A. Orr
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | | | - Emily C. Border
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Michael A. Stevens
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Victoria L. Blair
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
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3
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Wright TB, Turnbull BWH, Evans PA. Enantioselective Rhodium‐Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation of β,γ‐Unsaturated α‐Amino Nitriles: Synthetic Homoenolate Equivalents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:9886-9890. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy B. Wright
- Department of ChemistryQueen's University 90 Bader Lane Kingston ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Ben W. H. Turnbull
- Department of ChemistryQueen's University 90 Bader Lane Kingston ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - P. Andrew Evans
- Department of ChemistryQueen's University 90 Bader Lane Kingston ON K7L 3N6 Canada
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4
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Wright TB, Turnbull BWH, Evans PA. Enantioselective Rhodium‐Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation of β,γ‐Unsaturated α‐Amino Nitriles: Synthetic Homoenolate Equivalents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy B. Wright
- Department of ChemistryQueen's University 90 Bader Lane Kingston ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Ben W. H. Turnbull
- Department of ChemistryQueen's University 90 Bader Lane Kingston ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - P. Andrew Evans
- Department of ChemistryQueen's University 90 Bader Lane Kingston ON K7L 3N6 Canada
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5
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Gu X, Gupta V, Yang Y, Zhu JY, Carlson EJ, Kingsley C, Tash JS, Schönbrunn E, Hawkinson J, Georg GI. Structure-Activity Studies of N-Butyl-1-deoxynojirimycin (NB-DNJ) Analogues: Discovery of Potent and Selective Aminocyclopentitol Inhibitors of GBA1 and GBA2. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:1977-1984. [PMID: 28975712 PMCID: PMC5725710 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Analogues of N‐butyl‐1‐deoxynojirimycin (NB‐DNJ) were prepared and assayed for inhibition of ceramide‐specific glucosyltransferase (CGT), non‐lysosomal β‐glucosidase 2 (GBA2) and the lysosomal β‐glucosidase 1 (GBA1). Compounds 5 a–6 f, which carry sterically demanding nitrogen substituents, and compound 13, devoid of the C3 and C5 hydroxy groups present in DNJ/NB‐DGJ (N‐butyldeoxygalactojirimycin) showed no inhibitory activity for CGT or GBA2. Inversion of stereochemistry at C4 of N‐(n‐butyl)‐ and N‐(n‐nonyl)‐DGJ (compounds 24) also led to a loss of activity in these assays. The aminocyclopentitols N‐(n‐butyl)‐ (35 a), N‐(n‐nonyl)‐4‐amino‐5‐(hydroxymethyl)cyclopentane‐ (35 b), and N‐(1‐(pentyloxy)methyl)adamantan‐1‐yl)‐1,2,3‐triol (35 f), were found to be selective inhibitors of GBA1 and GBA2 that did not inhibit CGT (>1 mm), with the exception of 35 f, which inhibited CGT with an IC50 value of 1 mm. The N‐butyl analogue 35 a was 100‐fold selective for inhibiting GBA1 over GBA2 (Ki values of 32 nm and 3.3 μm for GBA1 and GBA2, respectively). The N‐nonyl analogue 35 b displayed a Ki value of ≪14 nm for GBA1 inhibition and a Ki of 43 nm for GBA2. The N‐(1‐(pentyloxy)methyl)adamantan‐1‐yl) derivative 35 f had Ki values of ≈16 and 14 nm for GBA1 and GBA2, respectively. The related N‐bis‐substituted aminocyclopentitols were found to be significantly less potent inhibitors than their mono‐substituted analogues. The aminocyclopentitol scaffold should hold promise for further inhibitor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxian Gu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA
| | | | - Yan Yang
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Jin-Yi Zhu
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Erick J Carlson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA
| | - Carolyn Kingsley
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA
| | - Joseph S Tash
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Ernst Schönbrunn
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Jon Hawkinson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA
| | - Gunda I Georg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA
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6
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Kroesen U, Unkelbach C, Schildbach D, Strohmann C. Controlling the Coordination Sphere of Alkyllithiums Results in Selective Reactions with Allylic Amines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:14164-14168. [PMID: 28940968 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201708620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Described herein is a selective way to control the reaction of allylic amines with metalorganic bases depending on the amine handle as well as the metalorganic base is used. Depending on the number of coordinating groups within the amine handle either a selective carbometalation or deprotonation reaction can be performed. By changing the alkali metal within the base from lithium to either sodium or potassium, a change of chemoselectivity takes place and the reaction of piperidinoallylamine can be controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Kroesen
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische, Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christian Unkelbach
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische, Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Daniel Schildbach
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische, Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische, Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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7
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Kroesen U, Unkelbach C, Schildbach D, Strohmann C. Controlling the Coordination Sphere of Alkyllithiums Results in Selective Reactions with Allylic Amines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201708620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Kroesen
- Anorganische Chemie; Technische; Universität Dortmund; Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Christian Unkelbach
- Anorganische Chemie; Technische; Universität Dortmund; Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Daniel Schildbach
- Anorganische Chemie; Technische; Universität Dortmund; Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Anorganische Chemie; Technische; Universität Dortmund; Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
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8
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Ren Q, Li M, Yuan L, Wang J. Recent advances in N-heterocyclic carbene catalyzed achiral synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:4731-4749. [PMID: 28540374 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00568g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have emerged as powerful and elegant organocatalysts in a variety of newly developed and unprecedented enantioselective transformations due to their unique umpolung capacity. As a supplement to conventional enantioselective organocatalysis, NHC-induced non-asymmetric catalysis has gradually attracted much interest in recent years. Herein, this review aims to reveal the recent developments in NHC-promoted non-asymmetric umpolung transformations resulting in the expeditious construction of versatile achiral natural heterocycles, carbocycles and acylated products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Ren
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Muyao Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Lujiang Yuan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China. and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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9
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Nonn M, Kiss L, Hänninen MM, Fülöp F. An insight into the synthesis of novel aryl-substituted alicyclic β-amino acid derivatives through substrate-directed palladium-catalysed regio- and stereoselective cross-coupling. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra16196c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel aryl-substituted alicyclic β-amino acid derivatives were synthesized through substrate-determined palladium-catalysed cross-coupling of aryl iodides with five- or six-membered cycloalkene β-amino esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Nonn
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- University of Szeged
- H-6720 Szeged
- Hungary
- Stereochemistry Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
| | - Loránd Kiss
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- University of Szeged
- H-6720 Szeged
- Hungary
| | | | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- University of Szeged
- H-6720 Szeged
- Hungary
- Stereochemistry Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
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10
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Chen J, Wu G, Xiong Z, Wu H, Chua YS, Zhou W, Liu B, Ju X, Chen P. Synthesis, Thermal Behavior, and Dehydrogenation Kinetics Study of Lithiated Ethylenediamine. Chemistry 2014; 20:13636-43. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juner Chen
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 411‐84379583
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049 (P.R. China)
| | - Guotao Wu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 411‐84379583
| | - Zhitao Xiong
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 411‐84379583
| | - Hui Wu
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20899‐6102 (USA)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742‐2115 (USA)
| | - Yong Shen Chua
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 411‐84379583
| | - Wei Zhou
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20899‐6102 (USA)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742‐2115 (USA)
| | - Bin Liu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 411‐84379583
| | - Xiaohua Ju
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 411‐84379583
| | - Ping Chen
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 411‐84379583
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11
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Millet A, Baudoin O. Palladium-catalyzed γ-selective arylation of zincated Boc-allylamines. Org Lett 2014; 16:3998-4000. [PMID: 25054519 DOI: 10.1021/ol5018257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The regio- and diastereoselective arylation of Boc-protected allylamines was performed via a one-pot lithiation/transmetalation to zinc/cross-coupling sequence, through an appropriate choice of a phosphine ligand. A variety of γ-arylated products were obtained in moderate to good yield, and the products could be directly transformed into valuable γ-arylamines and β-aryl aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Millet
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , CNRS UMR 5246 - Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, CPE Lyon, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
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12
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Mingat G, McDouall JJW, Clayden J. Dihydrothiophenes containing quaternary stereogenic centres by sequential stereospecific rearrangements and ring-closing metathesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:6754-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc02596b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tandem stereospecific rearrangements by [3,3]-sigmatropic shift and N to C aryl migration give tertiary thiols that undergo ring closing metathesis to dihydrothiophenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Mingat
- School of Chemistry
- University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | | | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry
- University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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13
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Kiss L, Fülöp F. Synthesis of carbocyclic and heterocyclic β-aminocarboxylic acids. Chem Rev 2013; 114:1116-69. [PMID: 24299148 DOI: 10.1021/cr300454h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Loránd Kiss
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged , H-6720 Szeged, Eötvös utca 6, Hungary
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14
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Mandal B, Basu B. Synthesis of β-Lactams Through Alkyne–Nitrone Cycloadditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/7081_2012_85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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15
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Singh S, Yadav LDS. Unprecedented dithiolation of enals via their NHC-catalysed umpolung reaction with organic disulfides. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:3932-6. [PMID: 22476170 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25238d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel one-pot N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalysed dithiolation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes (enals) with organic disulfides is reported. The protocol involves homoenolate reactivity of enals, where the homoenolate attacks on the disulfide as a d(3) nucleophile followed by thioesterification to afford β-aryl/alkylsulfanyl thioesters with complete atom economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
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16
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Aubry S, Aubert G, Cresteil T, Crich D. Synthesis and biological investigation of the β-thiolactone and β-lactam analogs of tetrahydrolipstatin. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:2629-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob06976h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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17
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Gessner VH, Koller SG, Strohmann C, Hogan AM, O'Shea DF. Mechanistic insight into stereoselective carbolithiation. Chemistry 2011; 17:2996-3004. [PMID: 21294193 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This article addresses the mechanistic features of asymmetric carbolithiation of β-methylstyrenes. While often the presence of functional groups is required to obtain high enantioselectivities in carbolithiation reactions, simple β-methylstyrene also gives high selectivities in (-)-sparteine-mediated addition of alkyl lithium compounds. Computational studies on the carbolithiation of β-methylstyrene with (-)-sparteine show that the observed selectivities are the result of repulsion effects in the diastereomeric transition states between the (-)-sparteine⋅alkyl lithium adduct and the β-methylstyrene, upon approximation of the two reactants. In contrast, for the ortho-amino β-methylstyrene (E)-benzyl(2-propenylphenyl)amine (4) X-ray structure analyses of intermediate lithium amides indicate a carbolithiation mechanism in which one side of the double bond is shielded by the amide moiety, leaving only one side free for approach of the chiral alkyl lithium adduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria H Gessner
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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18
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Lefranc J, Tetlow DJ, Donnard M, Minassi A, Gálvez E, Clayden J. Geometry-Selective Synthesis of E or Z N-Vinyl Ureas (N-Carbamoyl Enamines). Org Lett 2010; 13:296-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol1027442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Lefranc
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Daniel J. Tetlow
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Morgan Donnard
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Alberto Minassi
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Erik Gálvez
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
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19
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Gessner VH, Fröhlich B, Strohmann C. α‐Lithiated (
R
,
R
)‐TMCDA as an Efficient Building Block for the Preparation of Chiral N,N,O Ligands by Asymmetric 1,2‐Addition. Eur J Inorg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201000631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria H. Gessner
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto‐Hahn‐Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, Fax: +49‐231‐755‐7062
| | - Benjamin Fröhlich
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto‐Hahn‐Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, Fax: +49‐231‐755‐7062
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto‐Hahn‐Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, Fax: +49‐231‐755‐7062
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20
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Tetlow DJ, Hennecke U, Raftery J, Waring MJ, Clarke DS, Clayden J. Sequential double α-arylation of N-allylureas by asymmetric deprotonation and N→C aryl migration. Org Lett 2010; 12:5442-5. [PMID: 21062018 DOI: 10.1021/ol102155h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
On lithiation with lithium amides, N-allyl-N'-aryl ureas undergo rearrangement with transfer of the aryl ring from N to the allylic α carbon. From the α-arylated products, a further aryl transfer under the influence of a chiral lithium amide allows the enantioselective construction of 1,1-diarylallylamine derivatives. Stereoselectivity in these reactions results from the enantioselective formation of a planar chiral allyllithium under kinetic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Tetlow
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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21
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Hémery T, Becker J, Fröhlich R, Hoppe D. (-)-Myrtenyl N,N-Diisopropylcarbamate: Stereochemistry of Lithiation and Electrophilic Substitution Directed by Dynamic Kinetic Diastereoisomer Resolution. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Gessner VH, Strohmann C. Lithiation of Diamine Ligands to Chiral Building Blocks: Syntheses, Selectivities, and Lithiated Intermediates. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om100035g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria H. Gessner
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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23
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Domingo LR, Zaragozá RJ, Arnó M. Understanding the mechanism of stereoselective synthesis of cyclopentenes via N-heterocyclic carbene catalyzed reactions of enals with enones. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:4884-91. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00088d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Nair V, Vellalath S, Babu BP. Recent advances in carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions involving homoenolates generated by NHC catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2008; 37:2691-8. [PMID: 19020682 DOI: 10.1039/b719083m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 563] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Homoenolate, a species containing anionic carbon beta to a carbonyl group or a moiety that can be transformed into a carbonyl group, is a potential three carbon synthon. Recent introduction of a protocol for the generation of homoenolate directly from enals by NHC (nucleophilic heterocyclic carbene) catalysis has made it possible to explore the synthetic utility of this unique reactive intermediate. The versatility of NHC-bound homoenolate is illustrated by its annulation with various carbonyl compounds leading to gamma-butyrolactones, spiro-gamma-butyrolactones, and delta-lactones. Interception of homoenolate with imines afforded gamma-lactams and bicyclic beta-lactams. Formation of cyclopentenes and spirocyclopentanones respectively by reaction with enones and dienones is also noteworthy. This tutorial review focuses on these and other types of reactions which attest to the synthetic potential of NHC-bound homoenolates in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Nair
- Organic Chemistry Section, NIIST-CSIR (Formerly Regional Research Laboratory), Trivandrum 695 019, India.
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26
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Brandi A, Cicchi S, Cordero FM. Novel Syntheses of Azetidines and Azetidinones. Chem Rev 2008; 108:3988-4035. [DOI: 10.1021/cr800325e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Brandi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica “Ugo Schiff”, Laboratorio di Progettazione, Sintesi e Studio di Eterocicli Biologicamente Attivi - HeteroBioLab, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto F.no (FI), Italy
| | - Stefano Cicchi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica “Ugo Schiff”, Laboratorio di Progettazione, Sintesi e Studio di Eterocicli Biologicamente Attivi - HeteroBioLab, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto F.no (FI), Italy
| | - Franca M. Cordero
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica “Ugo Schiff”, Laboratorio di Progettazione, Sintesi e Studio di Eterocicli Biologicamente Attivi - HeteroBioLab, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto F.no (FI), Italy
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Nair V, Babu BP, Vellalath S, Suresh E. Stereoselective synthesis of spirocyclopentanones via N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed reactions of enals and dienones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:747-9. [PMID: 18478711 DOI: 10.1039/b715733a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Homoenolates generated from enals by nucleophilic heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis undergo a conjugate addition/cyclization sequence with cyclic dienones, culminating in the efficient synthesis of spirocyclopentanones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Nair
- Organic Chemistry Section, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR), Trivandrum 695 019, India.
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28
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Strohmann C, Gessner VH, Damme A. Isopropyllithium diamine adducts: from a non symmetric aggregate to monomeric i-PrLi·(1R,2R)-N,N,N′,N′-tetraethylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:3381-3. [DOI: 10.1039/b804855j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Coldham I, Dufour S, Haxell TFN, Patel JJ, Sanchez-Jimenez G. Dynamic Thermodynamic and Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of 2-Lithiopyrrolidines. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:10943-51. [PMID: 16910691 DOI: 10.1021/ja061963m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic resolution has been studied as a method for the asymmetric synthesis of 2-substituted pyrrolidines. Highly enantioselective electrophilic substitutions of racemic 2-lithiopyrrolidines in the presence of a chiral ligand have been achieved. The organolithium compounds were prepared by tin-lithium exchange from the corresponding tributylstannanes and n-butyllithium or by deprotonation of N-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)pyrrolidine with sec-butyllithium. A range of N-substituents and chiral ligands were investigated for the dynamic resolution. Electrophilic quench of the resolved diastereomeric 2-lithiopyrrolidine-chiral ligand complexes provided the enantiomerically enriched 2-substituted pyrrolidines. With N-alkyl derivatives, the resolution occurs conveniently at (or just below) room temperature and either enantiomer of the product can be formed by appropriate choice of the chiral ligand. The asymmetric induction occurs as a result of a thermodynamic preference for one of the diastereomeric complexes. The minor complex was found to have a faster rate of reaction with the electrophile. The use of N-allylic derivatives provides a means to prepare the N-unsubstituted pyrrolidine products. Best results were obtained with the N-2,3-dimethylbut-2-enyl derivative, and this N-substituent could be cleaved using 1-chloroethyl chloroformate. With N-Boc-2-lithiopyrrolidine, the enantioselectivity arises by a kinetic resolution and high levels of asymmetric induction in the presence of excess n-butyllithium can be obtained. Dynamic kinetic resolution of the N-Boc derivative is limited in the scope of electrophile that can be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain Coldham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK.
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31
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Nair V, Vellalath S, Poonoth M, Suresh E. N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Reaction of Chalcones and Enals via Homoenolate: an Efficient Synthesis of 1,3,4-Trisubstituted Cyclopentenes. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:8736-7. [PMID: 16819860 DOI: 10.1021/ja0625677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nucleophilic heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed cyclopentannulation of enals and chalcones via homoenolate has been observed for the first time. Serendipitously, the reaction lead to a very efficient synthesis of 3,4-trans-disubstituted-1-aryl cyclopentenes instead of the expected cyclopentanones. The strategy works well with thienylidene tetralone also, leading to the tricyclic cyclopentene derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Nair
- Organic Chemistry Section, Regional Research Laboratory (CSIR), Trivandrum 695 019, India.
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32
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Lee SJ, Beak P. Asymmetric synthesis of 4,5,6- and 3,4,5,6-substituted azepanes by a highly diastereoselective and enantioselective lithiation-conjugate addition sequence. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:2178-9. [PMID: 16478148 PMCID: PMC2537463 DOI: 10.1021/ja057592b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric syntheses of 4,5,6- and 3,4,5,6-substituted azepanes have been achieved by highly diastereoselective and enantioselective (-)-sparteine-mediated asymmetric lithiation-conjugate additions of N-Boc-N-(p-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-substituted allylamines to a beta-aryl alpha,beta-unsaturated ester followed by hydrolysis, cyclization, and reduction. Access to the enantiomeric adduct is provided by an invertive lithiation-stannylation-lithiation sequence.
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33
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Basak A, Ghosh SC. Intramolecular 1,3-dipolar nitrone cycloaddition route to bicyclic fused enediyne. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.08.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Turcaud S, Martens T, Sierecki E, Pérard-Viret J, Royer J. Anodic oxidation of chiral sulfinylamines: a new route to highly diastereoselective α-alkylation of piperidine. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.05.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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35
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Alcaide B, Almendros P. Chapter 4 Four-membered ring systems. A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE 2003 LITERATURE PRECEDED BY TWO CHAPTERS ON CURRENT HETEROCYCLIC TOPICS 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-6380(05)80046-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Risatti CA, Taylor RE. Enantioselective Synthesis of Cyclopropanes by Aldehyde Homologation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200461106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Risatti CA, Taylor RE. Enantioselective Synthesis of Cyclopropanes by Aldehyde Homologation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2004; 43:6671-2. [PMID: 15593156 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200461106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina A Risatti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556-5670, USA
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38
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Wang L, Nakamura S, Ito Y, Toru T. Enantioselective reaction of α-lithiated thiazolidines as new chiral formyl anion equivalents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2004.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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39
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Koep S, Gais HJ, Raabe G. Asymmetric Synthesis of Unsaturated, Fused Bicyclic Proline Analogues through Amino Alkylation of Cyclic Bis(allylsulfoximine)titanium Complexes and Migratory Cyclization of δ-Amino Alkenyl Aminosulfoxonium Salts. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:13243-51. [PMID: 14570500 DOI: 10.1021/ja030324y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Described is an asymmetric synthesis of new Delta(3a,4)-unsaturated, fused bicyclic proline analogues from cyclic bis(allylsulfoximine)titanium complexes and N-tert-butylsulfonyl imino ethyl ester. Treatment of the enantiomerically pure five-, six-, seven-, and eight-membered cyclic bis(allylsulfoximine)titanium complexes with the imino ester gave mixtures of the corresponding (E,syn)- and (Z,syn)-configured, delta-sulfoximine substituted, cyclic gamma,delta-unsaturated alpha-amino acid esters with high regio- and diastereoselectivities in good yields. Activation of the N-methyl sulfoximine group of these amino acid derivatives through methylation with Me(3)OBF(4) afforded in nearly quantitative yields the corresponding (dimethylamino)sulfoxonium salts. A novel migratory cyclization of these salts with DBU gave via an isomerization to the corresponding allylic (dimethylamino)sulfoxonium salts and an intramolecular substitution of the (dimethylamino)sulfoxonium group the enantio- and diastereomerically pure, bicyclic, N-tert-butylsulfonyl protected proline analogues having a six- and eight-membered unsaturated carbocyclic ring. Cyclization of the alkenyl (dimethylamino)sulfoxonium salts was independent of the configuration of the double bond. N,N-Dimethylphenylsulfinamide of > or =99% ee was obtained in good yield as a further reaction product. Conversion of the sulfinamide to N,S-dimethyl-S-phenylsulfoximine of > or =99% ee, the starting material for the synthesis of the allylic sulfoximines, had been accomplished previously. Finally, cleavage of the tert-butylsulfonyl protecting group with anhydrous acid furnished the fused bicyclic proline analogue containing an unsaturated six-membered ring in high yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Koep
- Institut für Organische Chemie der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Prof.-Pirlet-Strasse 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
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40
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Bull SD, Davies SG, Nicholson RL, Sanganee HJ, Smith AD. SuperQuat N-acyl-5,5-dimethyloxazolidin-2-ones for the asymmetric synthesis of alpha-alkyl and beta-alkyl aldehydes. Org Biomol Chem 2003; 1:2886-99. [PMID: 12968339 DOI: 10.1039/b305623f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The proclivity of alpha-branched N-2'-benzyl-3'-phenylpropionyl derivatives of (S)-4-benzyl-5,5-dimethyl-, (S)-4-phenyl-5,5-dimethyl-, (S)-4-isopropyl-5,5-dimethyl-, (S)-4-benzyl- and (S)-4-benzyl-5,5-diphenyl-oxazolidin-2-ones to generate directly 2-benzyl-3-phenylpropionaldehyde upon hydride reduction with DIBAL is investigated. The (S)-4-benzyl-5,5-dimethyl-derivative proved optimal for inhibition of endocyclic nucleophilic attack, giving 2-benzyl-3-phenylpropionaldehyde in good yield upon reduction. Application of this methodology for the asymmetric synthesis of chiral aldehydes via diastereoselective enolate alkylation of a range of (S)-N-acyl-4-benzyl-5,5-dimethyloxazolidin-2-ones to afford and array of alpha-substituted-N-acyl-5,5-dimethyloxazolidin- 2-ones (85-94% de) and subsequent reduction with DIBAL afforded directly non-racemic alpha-substituted aldehydes without loss of stereochemical integrity (87-94% ee). The extension of this protocol for the asymmetric synthesis of beta-substituted aldehydes is demonstrated, via the diastereoselective conjugate addition of a range of organocuprates to (S)-N-acyl-4-phenyl-5,5-dimethyloxazolidin-2-ones which proceeds with high diastereoselectivity (generally > 95% de). Reduction of the conjugate addition products with DIBAL gives non-racemic beta-substituted aldehydes in high yields and in high ee (generally > 95% ee). This methodology is exemplified by the asymmetric synthesis of (R)-3-isopropenylhept-6-enal, which has previously been used in the synthesis of (3Z,6R)-3-methyl-6-isopropenyl-3,9-decadien-1-yl acetate, a component of the sex pheromones of the California red scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Bull
- Dyson Perrins Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK OX1 3 QY.
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41
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Hermet JPR, Porter DW, Dearden MJ, Harrison JR, Koplin T, O'Brien P, Parmene J, Tyurin V, Whitwood AC, Gilday J, Smith NM. Synthesis of sparteine-like chiral diamines and evaluation in the enantioselective lithiation–substitution of N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidine. Org Biomol Chem 2003; 1:3977-88. [PMID: 14664387 DOI: 10.1039/b308410h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three chiral diamines were synthesised and evaluated as sparteine surrogates in the lithiation-substitution of N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidine. The synthesis and attempted resolution of sparteine-like diamines [(1S*,2R*,8R*)-10-methyl-6,10-diazatricyclo[6.3.1.0(2,6)]dodecane and (1S*,2R*,9R*)-11-methyl-7,11-diazatricyclo[7.3.1.0(2,7)]tridecane] (via inclusion complex formation) are reported. Unfortunately, it was only possible to resolve the diazatricyclo[7.3.1.0(2,7)]tridecane compound. An alternative route to (1R,2S,9S)-11-methyl-7,11-diazatricyclo[7.3.1.0(2,7)]tridecane starting from the natural product, (-)-cytisine, is described. This simple three-step route furnished gram-quantities of a (+)-sparteine surrogate. X-Ray crystallography of an intermediate in the route, (1R,5S,12S)-3-methoxycarbonyldecahydro-1,5-methanopyrido[1,2-a][1,5]diazocin-8-one, enabled the stereochemistry of all of the tricyclic diamines described in this paper to be unequivocally established. Two other diamines, starting from (S)-proline and resolved 2-piperidine ethanol, were prepared using standard methods. These diamines lacked the bispidine framework of (-)-sparteine and were found to impart vastly inferior enantioselectivity. It was concluded that, for the asymmetric lithiation substitution of N-Boc pyrrolidine, a rigid bispidine framework and only three of the four rings of (-)-sparteine are needed for high enantioselectivity. Furthermore, it is shown that diamine (1R,2S,9S)-11-methyl-7,11-diazatricyclo[7.3.1.0(2,7)]tridecane is the first successful (+)-sparteine surrogate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul R Hermet
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, UK YO10 5DD
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42
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Beak P, Johnson TA, Kim DD, Lim SH. Enantioselective Synthesis by Lithiation Adjacent to Nitrogen and Electrophile Incorporation. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-36117-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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