1
|
Hatamvand R, Adeli M, Yari A. Synthesis of glycerol‐thiophene nanoparticles, a suitable sensing platform for voltammetric determination of guaifenesin. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roshanak Hatamvand
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Lorestan University Khorramabad Iran
| | - Mohsen Adeli
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Lorestan University Khorramabad Iran
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Abdollah Yari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Lorestan University Khorramabad Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Anjali JK, Sreekumar K. Heterogeneous High-Loading Hyperbranched Polyglycidol with Peripheral NHC–Pd Complex: Synthesis and Application as Catalyst in Suzuki Coupling Reaction. Catal Letters 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-019-02784-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
3
|
Zolfagharinia S, Kolvari E, Salehi M. Highly efficient and recyclable phosphoric acid functionalized zirconia encapsulated-Fe3O4 nanoparticles: clean synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridine and 1-amidoalkyl-2-naphthol derivatives. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-017-1186-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
4
|
Borke T, Korpi A, Pooch F, Tenhu H, Hietala S. Poly(glyceryl glycerol): A multi-functional hydrophilic polymer for labeling with boronic acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Borke
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 55 Helsinki 00014 Finland
| | - Antti Korpi
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 55 Helsinki 00014 Finland
| | - Fabian Pooch
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 55 Helsinki 00014 Finland
| | - Heikki Tenhu
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 55 Helsinki 00014 Finland
| | - Sami Hietala
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 55 Helsinki 00014 Finland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pagoti S, Ghosh T, Dash J. Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles and Polymer Supported Imidazolidinone Catalysts for Enantioselective Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of Indoles. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sreenivasarao Pagoti
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Jadavpur Kolkata- 700032 India
| | - Tridev Ghosh
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Jadavpur Kolkata- 700032 India
| | - Jyotirmayee Dash
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Jadavpur Kolkata- 700032 India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Amado E, Kressler J. Reversible Complexation of Iminophenylboronates with Mono- and Dihydroxy Methacrylate Monomers and Their Polymerization at Low Temperature by Photoinduced ATRP in One Pot. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elkin Amado
- Department
of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jörg Kressler
- Department
of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kolvari E, Zolfagharinia S. A waste to wealth approach through utilization of nano-ceramic tile waste as an accessible and inexpensive solid support to produce a heterogeneous solid acid nanocatalyst: to kill three birds with one stone. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra11923a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Waste minimization through the utilization of cost-effective, available, and nontoxic nano-ceramic tile wastes for the heterogenization of sulfuric acid.
Collapse
|
8
|
Eftekhari-Sis B, Mohajer S, Zirak M, Mahdavinia GR, Büyükgüngör O. Switching diastereoselectivity of direct Mannich-type reaction of cyclic ketones by polymeric laponite nanoclay catalyst. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-015-0772-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
9
|
Pecchioli T, Muthyala MK, Haag R, Christmann M. Multivalent polyglycerol supported imidazolidin-4-one organocatalysts for enantioselective Friedel-Crafts alkylations. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:730-8. [PMID: 26150897 PMCID: PMC4463494 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The first immobilization of a MacMillan’s first generation organocatalyst onto dendritic support is described. A modified tyrosine-based imidazolidin-4-one was grafted to a soluble high-loading hyperbranched polyglycerol via a copper-catalyzed alkyne–azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction and readily purified by dialysis. The efficiency of differently functionalized multivalent organocatalysts 4a–c was tested in the asymmetric Friedel–Crafts alkylation of N-methylpyrrole with α,β-unsaturated aldehydes. A variety of substituted enals was investigated to explore the activity of the catalytic system which was also compared with monovalent analogues. The catalyst 4b showed excellent turnover rates and no loss of activity due to immobilization, albeit moderate enantioselectivities were observed. Moreover, easy recovery by selective precipitation allowed the reuse of the catalyst for three cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Pecchioli
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Manoj Kumar Muthyala
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathias Christmann
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu Z, Hundal-Jabal N, Wong M, Yapp D, Lin KS, Bénard F, Perrin DM. A new18F-heteroaryltrifluoroborate radio-prosthetic with greatly enhanced stability that is labelled by18F–19F-isotope exchange in good yield at high specific activity. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3md00328k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
11
|
Lv W, Banerjee B, Molland KL, Seleem MN, Ghafoor A, Hamed MI, Wan B, Franzblau SG, Mesecar AD, Cushman M. Synthesis of 3-(3-aryl-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-5-aryl-1,2,4-triazines that have antibacterial activity and also inhibit inorganic pyrophosphatase. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:406-18. [PMID: 24315189 PMCID: PMC3914758 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic pyrophosphatases are potential targets for the development of novel antibacterial agents. A pyrophosphatase-coupled high-throughput screening assay intended to detect o-succinyl benzoic acid coenzyme A (OSB CoA) synthetase inhibitors led to the unexpected discovery of a new series of novel inorganic pyrophosphatase inhibitors. Lead optimization studies resulted in a series of 3-(3-aryl-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-5-aryl-1,2,4-triazine derivatives that were prepared by an efficient synthetic pathway. One of the tetracyclic triazine analogues 22h displayed promising antibiotic activity against a wide variety of drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains, as well as activity versus Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Bacillus anthracis, at a concentration that was not cytotoxic to mammalian cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lv
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and The Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Biplab Banerjee
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and The Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Katrina L Molland
- Department of Biological Sciences and The Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Mohamed N Seleem
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Adil Ghafoor
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Maha I Hamed
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Baojie Wan
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Scott G Franzblau
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Andrew D Mesecar
- Department of Biological Sciences and The Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Mark Cushman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and The Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kashyap B, Phukan P. A new ferrocene-based bulky pyridine as an efficient reusable homogeneous catalyst. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra41674g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
13
|
Berkessel A, Krämer J, Mummy F, Neudörfl JM, Haag R. Dendritic Fluoroalcohols as Catalysts for Alkene Epoxidation with Hydrogen Peroxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 52:739-43. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201206003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
14
|
Berkessel A, Krämer J, Mummy F, Neudörfl JM, Haag R. Dendritische Fluoralkohole als Katalysatoren für die Epoxidierung von Olefinen mit Wasserstoffperoxid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201206003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
15
|
Li Z, Chen C, Gröger S, Kressler J. Detection of chirality of poly(glycerol methacrylate)s after derivatization by 1H NMR spectroscopy. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
16
|
Kirkorian K, Ellis A, Twyman LJ. Catalytic hyperbranched polymers as enzyme mimics; exploiting the principles of encapsulation and supramolecular chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:6138-59. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35238a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
17
|
Mangold C, Wurm F, Obermeier B, Frey H. “Functional Poly(ethylene glycol)”: PEG-Based Random Copolymers with 1,2-Diol Side Chains and Terminal Amino Functionality. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma1015352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Mangold
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Frederik Wurm
- Institut des Matériaux, Laboratoire des Polymères, Batiment MXD, Station 12, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Boris Obermeier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhu Y, Stubbs LP, Ho F, Liu R, Ship CP, Maguire J, Hosmane N. Magnetic Nanocomposites: A New Perspective in Catalysis. ChemCatChem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.200900314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
19
|
Wilms D, Stiriba SE, Frey H. Hyperbranched polyglycerols: from the controlled synthesis of biocompatible polyether polyols to multipurpose applications. Acc Chem Res 2010; 43:129-41. [PMID: 19785402 DOI: 10.1021/ar900158p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 394] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic macromolecules with random branch-on-branch topology, termed hyperbranched polymers in the late 1980s, have a decided advantage over symmetrical dendrimers by virtue of typically being accessible in a one-step synthesis. Saving this synthetic effort once had an unfortunate consequence, though: hyperbranching polymerization used to result in a broad distribution of molecular weights (that is, very high polydispersities, often M(w)/M(n) > 5). By contrast, a typical dendrimer synthesis yields a single molecule (in other words, M(w)/M(n) = 1.0), albeit by a labor-intensive, multistep process. But 10 years ago, Sunder and colleagues reported the controlled synthesis of well-defined hyperbranched polyglycerol (PG) via ring-opening multibranching polymerization (ROMBP) of glycidol. Since then, hyperbranched and polyfunctional polyethers with controlled molar mass and low polydispersities (M(w)/M(n) = 1.2-1.9) have been prepared, through various monomer addition protocols, by ROMBP. In this Account, we review the progress in the preparation and application of these uniquely versatile polyether polyols over the past decade. Hyperbranched PGs combine several remarkable features, including a highly flexible aliphatic polyether backbone, multiple hydrophilic groups, and excellent biocompatibility. Within the past decade, intense efforts have been directed at the optimization of synthetic procedures affording PG homo- and copolymers with different molecular weight characteristics and topology. Fundamental parameters of hyperbranched polymers include molar mass, polydispersity, degree of branching, and end-group functionality. Selected approaches for optimizing and tailoring these characteristics are presented and classified with respect to their application potential. Specific functionalization in the core and at the periphery of hyperbranched PG has been pursued to meet the growing demand for novel specialty materials in academia and industry. A variety of fascinating synthetic approaches now provide access to well-defined, complex macromolecular architectures based on polyether polyols with low polydispersity. For instance, a variety of linear-hyperbranched block copolymers has been reported. The inherent attributes of PG-based materials are useful for a number of individual implementation concepts, such as drug encapsulation or surface modification. The excellent biocompatibility of PG has also led to rapidly growing significance in biomedical applications, for example, bioconjugation with peptides, as well as surface attachment for the creation of protein-resistant surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wilms
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Salah-Eddine Stiriba
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular/ICmol, Universidad de Valencia, Polígono La Coma s/n, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Keilitz J, Haag R. Intramolecular Acceleration of Asymmetric Epoxide Ring-Opening by Dendritic Polyglycerol Salen-CrIIIComplexes. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
21
|
Lu J, Toy PH. Organic polymer supports for synthesis and for reagent and catalyst immobilization. Chem Rev 2009; 109:815-38. [PMID: 19128147 DOI: 10.1021/cr8004444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 532] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinni Lu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Türk H, Shukla A, Alves Rodrigues PC, Rehage H, Haag R. Water-soluble dendritic core-shell-type architectures based on polyglycerol for solubilization of hydrophobic drugs. Chemistry 2007; 13:4187-96. [PMID: 17310496 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200601337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Since many potential drugs are poorly water soluble, there is a high demand for solubilization agents. Here, we describe the synthesis of dendritic core-shell-type architectures based on hyperbranched polyglycerol for the solubilization of hydrophobic drugs. Amphiphilic macromolecules containing hydrophobic biphenyl groups in the core were synthesized in an efficient three- or four-step procedure by employing Suzuki-coupling reactions. These species were then used to solubilize the commercial drug nimodipine, a calcium antagonist used for the treatment of heart diseases and neurological deficits. Pyrene was also used as a hydrophobic model compound. It turned out that the transport properties of the dendritic polyglycerol derivatives, which are based on hydrophobic host-guest interactions, depend strongly on the degree and type of core functionalization. In the case of the multifunctional nimodipine, additional specific polymer-drug interactions could be tailored by this flexible core design, as detected by UV spectroscopy. The enhancement of solubilization increased 300-fold for nimodipine and 6000-fold for pyrene at a polymer concentration of 10 wt%. The sizes of the polymer-drug complexes were determined by both dynamic light scattering (DLS) experiments and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and extremely well-defined aggregates with diameters of approximately 10 nm in the presence of a drug were observed. These findings together with a low critical aggregate concentration of 4x10(-6) mol L-1 indicate the controlled self-assembly of the presented amphiphilic dendritic core-shell-type architectures rather than a unimolecular transport behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holger Türk
- Organic Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Schweizer S, Becht JM, Le Drian C. Development of Efficient and Reusable Diarylphosphinopolystyrene-Supported Palladium Catalysts for CC Bond Forming Cross-Coupling Reactions. Adv Synth Catal 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200600503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
24
|
Zhang H, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Ye K, Gao H, Wang Y. Polymorphs and a pseudo-polymorphs based on a luminescent boron-containing compound: structural diversity arising from conformational isomers and noncovalent interactions. CrystEngComm 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/b708384j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
25
|
Truchon JF, Bayly CI. GLARE: a new approach for filtering large reagent lists in combinatorial library design using product properties. J Chem Inf Model 2006; 46:1536-48. [PMID: 16859286 DOI: 10.1021/ci0504871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We present a novel computer algorithm, called GLARE (Global Library Assessment of REagents), that addresses the issue of optimal reagent selection in combinatorial library design. This program reduces or eliminates the time a medicinal chemist spends examining reagents which a priori cannot be part of a "good" library. Our approach takes the large reagent sets returned by standard chemical database queries and produces often considerably reduced reagent sets that are well-behaved with respect to a specific template. The pruning enforces "goodness" constraints such as the Lipinski rule of five on the product properties such that any reagent selection from the resulting sets produces only "good" products. The algorithm we implemented has three important features: (i) As opposed to genetic algorithms or other stochastic algorithms, GLARE uses a deterministic greedy procedure that smoothly filters out nonviable reagents. (ii) The pruning method can be biased to produce reagent sets with a balanced size, conserving proportionally more reagents in smaller sets. (iii) For very large combinatorial libraries, a partitioning scheme allows libraries as large as 10(12) to be evaluated in 0.25 s on an IBM AMD Opteron processor. This algorithm is validated on a diverse set of 12 libraries. The results that we obtained show an excellent compliance to the product property requirements and very fast timings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Truchon
- Merck Frosst Canada & Co., 16711 Trans Canada Hwy., Kirkland, Québec, Canada H9H 3L1.
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Roller S, Türk H, Stumbé JF, Rapp W, Haag R. Polystyrene-graft-Polyglycerol Resins: A New Type of High-Loading Hybrid Support for Organic Synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 8:350-4. [PMID: 16677004 DOI: 10.1021/cc050139b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of a dendritic graft polymer by a very efficient synthesis of polyglycerol directly on a polystyrene resin is presented. This one-step process can be performed on a multigram scale to provide a chemically stable polymeric support. The resulting hybrid polymers were fully characterized by diverse analytical methods (NMR, IR, ESEM, UV detection of cleaved protecting groups, and mass-spectrometric methods). They combine a high loading capacity (up to 4.3 mmol g(-1)) with good swelling properties in a wide range of solvents (including water), which is the major drawback for many existing solid phase supports. In comparison to the widely employed PEGylated resins, these hybrid materials offer a 10-fold higher loading capacity. Their suitability as supports for organic synthesis and for the immobilization of reagents has been demonstrated. These materials also swell in water, and consequently, it should be possible to use these new hybrid materials for synthesis in protic solvents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Roller
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang H, Huo C, Ye K, Zhang P, Tian W, Wang Y. Synthesis, Structures, and Luminescent Properties of Phenol−Pyridyl Boron Complexes. Inorg Chem 2006; 45:2788-94. [PMID: 16562936 DOI: 10.1021/ic051881j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Syntheses of the four mixed phenol-pyridine derivatives 1,6-bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)pyridyl boron naphthalene (1), 1,6-bis(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)pyridyl boron naphthalene (2), 1,6-bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)pyridyl boron 2-methoxylbenzene (3), and 1,6-bis(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)pyridyl boron 2-methoxylbenzene (4) are reported. The structures of the boron compounds 1, 3, and 4 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The molecular packing is characterized by intermolecular pi...pi and hydrogen-bonding interactions. DSC analysis demonstrates that 1 and 2 have good thermal stability with higher glass transition temperatures (Tg) and melting points (Tm) than 3 and 4. Boron complexes 1-4 display bright blue luminescence in solution and the solid state. White and blue electroluminescent (EL) devices were fabricated successfully using these boron compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Supramolecular Structure and Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Nad S, Roller S, Haag R, Breinbauer R. Electrolysis as an Efficient Key Step in the Homogeneous Polymer-Supported Synthesis of N-Substituted Pyrroles. Org Lett 2006; 8:403-6. [PMID: 16435845 DOI: 10.1021/ol052096d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text]. An efficient and general route to the soluble polymer-assisted synthesis of a set of 14 different N-substituted pyrroles using dendritic polyglycerol as a high-loading support is presented. The transformation of furan to the key intermediate 2,5-dialkoxytetrahydrofuran was performed by electrochemical oxidation followed by catalytic hydrogenation with Pt/C in high yield. Both reactions required heterogeneous reagents which can be conveniently used with polyglycerol as a soluble support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Nad
- Organische Chemie, Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Roller S, Zhou H, Haag R. High-loading polyglycerol supported reagents for Mitsunobu- and acylation-reactions and other useful polyglycerol derivatives. Mol Divers 2005; 9:305-16. [PMID: 16311807 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-005-8117-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2004] [Accepted: 11/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we present soluble dendritic polyglycerol (PG) supported reagents PG-DEAD, PG-PPh3, and PG-DCC as well as scavengers PG-carbonate, PG-carbazate, and PG-amine, which all have been synthesized in high overall conversions and yields using simple purification techniques. The supported reagents have been used simultaneously in Mitsunobu and acylation reactions. All polymeric reagents and scavengers can be removed by simple precipitation/filtration protocols to give chromatography-free products of high purity. In the course of the syntheses of the polymeric reagents three intermediates turned out to be precious polyglycerol derivatives: a mixed carbonate as an electrophilic derivative, polyglyceryl carbazate as a scavenger for carbonyl compounds, as well as polyglycerylamines as amino analogues of polyglycerol.
Collapse
|
30
|
Kantchev EAB, Bader SJ, Parquette JR. Oligosaccharide synthesis on a soluble, hyperbranched polymer support via thioglycoside activation. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.06.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
31
|
Stevens PD, Li G, Fan J, Yen M, Gao Y. Recycling of homogeneous Pd catalysts using superparamagnetic nanoparticles as novel soluble supports for Suzuki, Heck, and Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2005:4435-7. [PMID: 16136242 DOI: 10.1039/b505424a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recycling of homogeneous catalysts could be achieved by using magnetic nanoparticles and solid-phase beads, but nanoparticle-supported catalysis proceeded much faster than its counterpart on resins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip D Stevens
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mailcode 4409, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901-4409, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Roller S, Siegers C, Haag R. Dendritic polyglycerol as a high-loading support for parallel multistep synthesis of GABA lactam analogues. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.05.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
33
|
|
34
|
Chinchilla R, Nájera C, Yus M. Metalated Heterocycles and Their Applications in Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Chem Rev 2004; 104:2667-722. [PMID: 15137804 DOI: 10.1021/cr020101a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Chinchilla
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
McKiernan GJ, Hartley RC. Boronate Titanium Alkylidene Reagents for Diversity-Based Synthesis of Benzofurans. Org Lett 2003; 5:4389-92. [PMID: 14602007 DOI: 10.1021/ol035677g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Novel titanium benzylidenes (Schrock carbenes) bearing an arylboronate group are generated from thioacetals with low valent titanium species, Cp(2)Ti[P(OEt)(3)](2), and alkylidenate Merrifield resin-bound esters to give enol ethers. Treatment with 1% TFA gives 2-substituted (benzo[b]furan-5-yl)boronates, and solid-phase Suzuki cross-coupling gives 2,5-disubstituted benzofurans. Steps in the syntheses of thioacetal substrates include selective lithiation-boronation, hydrolysis of a MOM group without affecting a boronate ester, and cross-coupling with bis(pinacolato)diboron.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gordon J McKiernan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Affiliation(s)
- Roland E Dolle
- Department of Chemistry, Adolor Corporation, 700 Pennsylvania Drive, Exton, PA 19341, USA.
| |
Collapse
|