1
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Mishra DR, Panda BS, Nayak S, Panda J, Mohapatra S. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of 5‐Membered
N
‐Heterocycles via Rhodium Catalysed Cascade Reactions. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak R. Mishra
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University Cuttack 753003 Odisha India
| | - Bhabani S. Panda
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University Cuttack 753003 Odisha India
| | - Sabita Nayak
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University Cuttack 753003 Odisha India
| | - Jasmine Panda
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University Cuttack 753003 Odisha India
| | - Seetaram Mohapatra
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University Cuttack 753003 Odisha India
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2
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Raju P, Saravanan V, Pavunkumar V, Mohanakrishnan AK. Pd(0)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Heck reaction of 2/3-Aryl(amino)methyl-3/2-bromoindoles: Syntheses of 3,4-Benzo[ c]-β-carbolines, Benzo[4,5]isothiazolo[2,3- a]indole 5,5-Dioxides, and 1,2-Benzo[ a]-γ-carbolines. J Org Chem 2021; 86:1925-1937. [PMID: 33395298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
One-pot synthesis of 3,4-benzo[c]-β-carbolines was achieved from 2-aryl(tosylamino)methyl-3-bromoindoles via 10 mol % Pd(OAc)2/PPh3-mediated intramolecular Heck coupling using K2CO3 as a base in DMF at 110 °C with concomitant aromatization through an elimination of tosylsulfinic acid. Under identical conditions, the isomeric 3-aryl(tosylamino)methyl-2-bromoindoles upon intramolecular Heck reaction furnished benzo[4,5]isothiazolo[2,3-a]indole 5,5-dioxides instead of the expected γ-carbolines. However, synthesis of the expected γ-carboline framework, 3-tosyl-6,9-dihydro-1,2-benzo[a]-γ-carbolines, could be achieved from 3-aryl(tosylamino)methyl-2-bromoindoles containing a mesitylene sulfonyl unit as a protecting group on the indole nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Potharaju Raju
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Velu Saravanan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vinayagam Pavunkumar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arasambattu K Mohanakrishnan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
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3
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Khan I, Ibrar A, Zaib S. Alkynoates as Versatile and Powerful Chemical Tools for the Rapid Assembly of Diverse Heterocycles under Transition-Metal Catalysis: Recent Developments and Challenges. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2021; 379:3. [PMID: 33398642 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-020-00316-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Heterocycles, heteroaromatics and spirocyclic entities are ubiquitous components of a wide plethora of synthetic drugs, biologically active natural products, marketed pharmaceuticals and agrochemical targets. Recognizing their high proportion in drugs and rich pharmacological potential, these invaluable structural motifs have garnered significant interest, thus enabling the development of efficient catalytic methodologies providing access to architecturally complex and diverse molecules with high atom-economy and low cost. These chemical processes not only allow the formation of diverse heterocycles but also utilize a range of flexible and easily accessible building units in a single operation to discover diversity-oriented synthetic approaches. Alkynoates are significantly important, diverse and powerful building blocks in organic chemistry due to their unique and inherent properties such as the electronic bias on carbon-carbon triple bonds posed by electron-withdrawing groups or the metallic coordination site provided by carbonyl groups. The present review highlights the comprehensive picture of the utility of alkynoates (2007-2019) for the synthesis of various heterocycles (> 50 types) using transition-metal catalysts (Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir, Ag, Au, Pt, Cu, Mn, Fe) in various forms. The valuable function of versatile alkynoates (bearing multifunctional groups) as simple and useful starting materials is explored, thus cyclizing with an array of coupling partners to deliver a broad range of oxygen-, nitrogen-, sulfur-containing heterocycles alongside fused-, and spiro-heterocyclic compounds. In addition, these examples will also focus the scope and reaction limitations, as well as mechanistic investigations into the synthesis of these heterocycles. The biological significance will also be discussed, citing relevant examples of drug molecules highlighting each class of heterocycles. This review summarizes the recent developments in the synthetic methods for the synthesis of various heterocycles using alkynoates as readily available starting materials under transition-metal catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Aliya Ibrar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, The University of Haripur, Haripur, KPK-22620, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
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4
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Kamlah A, Bracher F. A Novel Approach to Highly Substituted β‐Carbolines via Reductive Ring Transformation of 2‐Acyl‐3‐isoxazolylindoles. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Kamlah
- Department of Pharmacy Center for Drug Research Ludwig‐Maximilians University Butenandtstr. 5‐13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy Center for Drug Research Ludwig‐Maximilians University Butenandtstr. 5‐13 81377 Munich Germany
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5
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Reddy CR, Aila M, Sathish P, Mrinalini M, Giribabu L, Prasanthkumar S, Grée R. Metal-free propargylation/aza-annulation approach to substituted β-carbolines and evaluation of their photophysical properties. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:9291-9304. [PMID: 31626261 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01959f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An efficient acid-catalyzed propargylation/aza-annulation sequence was developed under metal-free reaction conditions, thus leading to a one-pot synthesis of a variety of substituted β-carbolines starting from propargylic alcohols and indole 2-carbonyls. This versatile strategy was further extended to the synthesis of 5-azaindoles and 5-azabenzothiazoles. Optical properties suggested that manipulation of electron donor and acceptor moieties on β-carbolines has an impact on their ground and excited state electronic behavior. This leads to blue or green emission and should facilitate the development of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). Electrochemical and stability studies revealed that 4a-6 shows ease of redox activity and photostability during illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chada Raji Reddy
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad - 500007, India.
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6
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Park H, Bae J, Son S, Jang H. Multifunctionalization of Indoles: Synthesis of 3‐Iodo‐2‐sulfonyl Indoles. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyowon Park
- Department of Energy Systems ResearchAjou University Suwon 16499 South Korea
| | - Junryeol Bae
- Department of Energy Systems ResearchAjou University Suwon 16499 South Korea
| | - Soobin Son
- Department of Energy Systems ResearchAjou University Suwon 16499 South Korea
| | - Hye‐Young Jang
- Department of Energy Systems ResearchAjou University Suwon 16499 South Korea
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7
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Hung TQ, Hieu DT, Van Tinh D, Do HN, Nguyen Tien TA, Van Do D, Son LT, Tran NH, Van Tuyen N, Tan VM, Ehlers P, Dang TT, Langer P. Efficient access to β- and γ-carbolines from a common starting material by sequential site-selective Pd-catalyzed C–C, C–N coupling reactions. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.130569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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8
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Rajasekar S, Anbarasan P. One-Pot Transannulation of N-Sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles to Dihydro-β-carbolines and Dihydroisoquinolines via Rhodium-Catalyzed C–H Insertion-cum-Base-Mediated Aza-Michael Reaction. J Org Chem 2019; 84:7747-7761. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugam Rajasekar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Pazhamalai Anbarasan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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9
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Uredi D, Motati DR, Watkins EB. A Unified Strategy for the Synthesis of β-Carbolines, γ-Carbolines, and Other Fused Azaheteroaromatics under Mild, Metal-Free Conditions. Org Lett 2018; 20:6336-6339. [PMID: 30272985 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An efficient, unified approach for the synthesis of β-carbolines, γ-carbolines, and other fused azaheteroaromatics has been realized under metal-free conditions, from propargylic amines and (hetero)aromatic aldehydes. This unified strategy provides β- and γ-carbolines as well as a range of fused azaheteroaromatics with a broad substrate scope and excellent functional group compatibility. The formal synthesis of oxopropalines D and G has been achieved on gram scale (3a), in a one-pot reaction from commercially available materials (previous shortest reported route to 3a was 5 steps). NMR studies of the conversion of imine intermediate 3aa to β-carboline 3a were conducted and revealed that the reaction proceeded through an allene intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilipkumar Uredi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Union University , Jackson , Tennessee 38305 , United States
| | - Damoder Reddy Motati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Union University , Jackson , Tennessee 38305 , United States
| | - E Blake Watkins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Union University , Jackson , Tennessee 38305 , United States
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10
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Alves Esteves CH, Koyioni M, Christensen KE, Smith PD, Donohoe TJ. OBO-Protected Pyruvates as Reagents for the Synthesis of Functionalized Heteroaromatic Compounds. Org Lett 2018; 20:4048-4051. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Henrique Alves Esteves
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Maria Koyioni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Kirsten E. Christensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Peter D. Smith
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Timothy J. Donohoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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11
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Alves Esteves CH, Smith PD, Donohoe TJ. Catalytic Enolate Arylation with 3-Bromoindoles Allows the Formation of β-Carbolines. J Org Chem 2017; 82:4435-4443. [PMID: 28362489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of substituted β-carbolines was accomplished by utilizing the catalytic enolate arylation reaction of ketones in conjunction with several 3-bromoindole derivatives. Quenching of the arylation reaction in situ with an electrophile allowed ready incorporation of functionality at the carboline C-4 position in an efficient one-pot protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Henrique Alves Esteves
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory , Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Peter D Smith
- AstraZeneca, Pharmaceutical Sciences , Silk Road Business Park, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Timothy J Donohoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory , Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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12
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Yan Q, Gin E, Banwell MG, Willis AC, Carr PD. A Unified Approach to the Isomeric α-, β-, γ-, and δ-Carbolines via their 6,7,8,9-Tetrahydro Counterparts. J Org Chem 2017; 82:4328-4335. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Yan
- Research School of Chemistry,
Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Emma Gin
- Research School of Chemistry,
Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Martin G. Banwell
- Research School of Chemistry,
Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Anthony C. Willis
- Research School of Chemistry,
Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Paul D. Carr
- Research School of Chemistry,
Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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13
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Rodrigues N, Boiaryna L, Vercouillie J, Guilloteau D, Suzenet F, Buron F, Routier S. Tandem Silver-Catalyzed Cyclization/Nucleophilic Functionalization of 2-Alkynylindole-3-carbaldehyde Oximes to Afford New 2,4-Disubstituted γ-Carbolines. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Johnny Vercouillie
- UMR Inserm U930; Université François Rabelais de Tours, CHRU de Tours; Tours France
| | - Denis Guilloteau
- UMR Inserm U930; Université François Rabelais de Tours, CHRU de Tours; Tours France
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14
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Palladium-catalyzed one-pot synthesis of benzo[b][1,6]naphthyridines via Sonogashira coupling and annulation reactions from 2-chloroquinoline-3-carbonitriles. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.08.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Abstract
The synthesis of β-carbolines is a mature field, yet new methods are desirable to introduce new functionality onto the core scaffold. We describe the incorporation of an additional fused ring onto the β-carboline via a novel palladium-catalyzed, one-pot Sonogashira coupling/intramolecular [2+2+2] cyclization. This method generates three rings in one flask and produces an annulated β-carboline in 80% yield. A preliminary mechanistic study into the sequence of events is described, which confirms an unprecedented catalytic role for palladium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seann P Mulcahy
- Providence College, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1 Cunningham Square, Providence, RI 02908, USA
| | - Jonathan G Varelas
- Providence College, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1 Cunningham Square, Providence, RI 02908, USA
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16
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Prakash K, Nagarajan R. An efficient synthesis of indol-3-yl benzonaphthyridines via copper(II) triflate-catalyzed heteroannulation. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.04.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Zhu YP, Liu MC, Cai Q, Jia FC, Wu AX. A Cascade Coupling Strategy for One-Pot Total Synthesis of β-Carboline and Isoquinoline-Containing Natural Products and Derivatives. Chemistry 2013; 19:10132-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Suresh RR, Swamy KCK. Palladium-Catalyzed Annulation of Allenes with Indole-2-carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Synthesis of Indolo[2,3-c]pyrane-1-ones via Ar–I Reactivity or C–H Functionalization. J Org Chem 2012; 77:6959-69. [DOI: 10.1021/jo301149s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Rama Suresh
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, A. P., India
| | - K. C. Kumara Swamy
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, A. P., India
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19
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Zheng L, Ju J, Bin Y, Hua R. Synthesis of isoquinolines and heterocycle-fused pyridines via three-component cascade reaction of aryl ketones, hydroxylamine, and alkynes. J Org Chem 2012; 77:5794-800. [PMID: 22702218 DOI: 10.1021/jo3010414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
An efficient one-pot synthesis of isoquinolines and heterocycle-fused pyridines by three-component reaction of aryl ketones, hydroxylamine, and alkynes is developed. The reaction involves condensation of aryl ketones and hydroxylamine, rhodium(III)-catalyzed C-H bond activation of the in situ generated aryl ketone oximes, and cyclization with internal alkynes. This protocol enables rapid assembly of multisubstituted isoquinolines as well as γ-carbolines, furo[2,3-c]pyridines, thieno[2,3-c]pyridines, and benzofuro[2,3-c]pyridines from readily available substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyao Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, China
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20
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Fresneda PM, Blázquez JA. Synthesis of β-carbolines using microwave-assisted aza-Wittig methodology in ionic liquids. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Zheng Y, Batsanov AS, Edkins RM, Beeby A, Bryce MR. Thermally Induced Defluorination during a mer to fac Transformation of a Blue-Green Phosphorescent Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complex. Inorg Chem 2011; 51:290-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ic201655n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yonghao Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | | | | | - Andrew Beeby
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Martin R. Bryce
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
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22
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Laha JK, Barolo SM, Rossi RA, Cuny GD. Synthesis of Carbolines by Photostimulated Cyclization of Anilinohalopyridines. J Org Chem 2011; 76:6421-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jo200923n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Three-component tandem reaction involving acid chlorides, terminal alkynes, and ethyl 2-amino-1H-indole-3-carboxylates: synthesis of highly diversified pyrimido[1,2-a]indoles via sequential Sonogashira and [3+3] cyclocondensation reactions. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Smirnova OB, Golovko TV, Granik VG. Carbolines. Part I: Comparison of some methods for the synthesis of α-, γ-, and δ-carbolines (a review). Pharm Chem J 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-011-0540-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Liu H, Wang L, Tong X. Palladium-catalyzed Heck-type reaction of oxime ether bearing a pendant vinyl iodide moiety. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:12206-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc15257b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Shi Z, Cui Y, Jiao N. Synthesis of β- and γ-Carbolinones via Pd-Catalyzed Direct Dehydrogenative Annulation (DDA) of Indole-carboxamides with Alkynes Using Air as the Oxidant. Org Lett 2010; 12:2908-11. [DOI: 10.1021/ol1007839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100083, China, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yuxin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100083, China, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100083, China, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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27
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Ding S, Shi Z, Jiao N. Pd(II)-Catalyzed Synthesis of Carbolines by Iminoannulation of Internal Alkynes via Direct C−H Bond Cleavage Using Dioxygen as Oxidant. Org Lett 2010; 12:1540-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol100272s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengtao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China, and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China, and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China, and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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28
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Shi Z, Ding S, Cui Y, Jiao N. A palladium-catalyzed oxidative cycloaromatization of biaryls with alkynes using molecular oxygen as the oxidant. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:7895-8. [PMID: 19739185 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200903975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
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29
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Alekseyev RS, Kurkin AV, Yurovskaya MA. γ-Carbolines and their hydrogenated derivatives. 1. Aromatic γ-carbolines: methods of synthesis, chemical and biological properties (review). Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-009-0373-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Shi Z, Ding S, Cui Y, Jiao N. A Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidative Cycloaromatization of Biaryls with Alkynes Using Molecular Oxygen as the Oxidant. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200903975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Heller ST, Natarajan SR. Rapid access to pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridines via alkyne annulation: limitations of steric control in nickel-catalyzed alkyne insertions. Org Lett 2007; 9:4947-50. [PMID: 17979276 DOI: 10.1021/ol701784w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Polyfunctionalized pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridines were readily prepared by the annulation of alkynes with tert-butyl 4-iodopyrazolocarboximines. The reaction was found to be catalyzed by both NiBr2(PPh3)2/Zn or PdCl2(PhCN)2 to yield complex heterocycles in good to moderate yields. Annulation using nickel catalysis was found to be regio-random, implying that steric control in nickel-catalyzed alkyne insertion has limitations based on the character of the Ni-C bond in the pre-insertion complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T Heller
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA.
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Balamurugan R, Mohanakrishnan AK. Synthesis of N-protected indolaldehydes using modified Hass procedure. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhang D, Liu Z, Yum EK, Larock RC. Synthesis of Indenes by the Transition Metal-Mediated Carboannulation of Alkynes. J Org Chem 2006; 72:251-62. [PMID: 17194107 DOI: 10.1021/jo0620563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of highly substituted indenes has been achieved by three different transition metal-mediated methods. The first method involves the palladium-catalyzed carboannulation of internal alkynes. The second method utilizes a two-step approach, which involves first the palladium/copper-catalyzed cross-coupling of terminal alkynes with appropriately functionalized aryl halides, followed by copper-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization. The third method involves intermolecular palladium-catalyzed arylation of the arylalkynes formed in the first step of the second method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daohua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilson Zeni
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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Mohanakrishnan AK, Prakash C, Ramesh N. A simple iodination protocol via in situ generated ICl using NaI/FeCl3. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mohanakrishnan AK, Balamurugan R, Ramesh N. A facile preparation of N-protected indolaldehydes using a modified Hass procedure. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.09.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zhang D, Yum EK, Liu Z, Larock RC. Synthesis of Indenes by the Palladium-Catalyzed Carboannulation of Internal Alkynes. Org Lett 2005; 7:4963-6. [PMID: 16235933 DOI: 10.1021/ol051907a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A number of highly substituted indenes have been prepared in good yields by treating functionally substituted aryl halides with various internal alkynes in the presence of a palladium catalyst. The reaction is believed to proceed by regioselective arylpalladation of the alkyne and subsequent nucleophilic displacement of the palladium in the resulting vinylpalladium intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daohua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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Chavignon O, Andaloussi M, M. Chezal J, Moreau E, Lartigue C, El Laghdach A, C. Teulade J. Preliminary Study of Palladium Catalyzed Iminoannulation in an Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine Series. HETEROCYCLES 2005. [DOI: 10.3987/com-05-10340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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40
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Banwell MG, Lupton DW, Ma X, Renner J, Sydnes MO. Synthesis of Quinolines, 2-Quinolones, Phenanthridines, and 6(5H)-Phenanthridinones via Palladium[0]-Mediated Ullmann Cross-Coupling of 1-Bromo-2-nitroarenes with β-Halo-enals, -enones, or -esters. Org Lett 2004; 6:2741-4. [PMID: 15281758 DOI: 10.1021/ol0490375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Palladium[0]-mediated Ullmann cross-coupling of 1-bromo-2-nitrobenzene (1 R = H) and its derivatives with a range of beta-halo-enals, -enones, or -esters readily affords the corresponding beta-aryl derivatives, which are converted into the corresponding quinolines, 2-quinolones, phenanthridines, or 6(5H)-phenanthridinones on reaction with dihydrogen in the presence of Pd on C or with TiCl(3) in aqueous acetone. [reaction: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin G Banwell
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
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Nakamura I, Yamamoto Y. Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Reactions in Heterocyclic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2004; 104:2127-98. [PMID: 15137788 DOI: 10.1021/cr020095i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1294] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Itaru Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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Zhang H, Larock RC. Synthesis of annulated gamma-carbolines and heteropolycycles by the palladium-catalyzed intramolecular annulation of alkynes. J Org Chem 2003; 68:5132-8. [PMID: 12816467 DOI: 10.1021/jo0343228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A variety of N-substituted 2-bromo-1H-indole-3-carboxaldehydes incorporating an alkyne-containing tether on the indole nitrogen have been converted to the corresponding tert-butylimines, which have been subjected to palladium-catalyzed intramolecular iminoannulation, affording various gamma-carboline derivatives with an additional ring fused across the 4- and 5-positions in good to excellent yields. When the tethered carbon-carbon triple bond is terminal or substituted with a triethylsilyl group, the iminoannulation generates a tert-butyl-gamma-carbolinium salt as the major product. The palladium-catalyzed intramolecular annulations of N-substituted 2-bromo-1H-indole-3-carboxaldehyde, methyl 2-iodo-1H-indole-3-carboxylate, and 2-iodo-3-phenyl-1H-indole containing a phenylpentynyl tether produce the corresponding heteropolycycles in moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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Chapter 5.2 Five-membered ring systems: Pyrroles and benzo derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-6380(03)80009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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