1
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Legendre SAM, Sumby CJ, Karton A, Greatrex BW. Desymmetrization and Kinetic Resolution of Endoperoxides Using a Bifunctional Organocatalyst. J Org Chem 2023; 88:11444-11449. [PMID: 37552803 PMCID: PMC10443531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Bifunctional thiourea/amine organocatalysts have been used for the desymmetrization of meso-endoperoxides using the Kornblum-DeLaMare reaction, giving 4-hydroxyketones in 78-98% yields with ≤98:2 enantioselectivity. The influence of the catalyst structure, solvent, and temperature was examined. The most promising catalyst was applied to the kinetic resolution of racemic endoperoxides to give enantioenriched materials (≤99:1 er).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher J. Sumby
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Physics, Chemistry and Earth Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Amir Karton
- School
of Science and Technology, University of
New England, Armidale 2351, Australia
| | - Ben W. Greatrex
- Faculty
of Medicine and Health, University of New
England, Armidale 2351, Australia
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2
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Wen X, Gao M, Chen Y, Zhao Y, Qin W, Hu L. Tunable Reaction Mode of Bifunctional Peroxides with Ketones to Access α-Oxacyclic Ketones and Enals. Org Lett 2022; 24:8387-8391. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Wen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Min Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China
| | - Yiwei Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yukun Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Wenling Qin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Lin Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
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3
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Johansson H, Hussain O, Allison SJ, Robinson TV, Phillips RM, Sejer Pedersen D. Revisiting Bromohexitols as a Novel Class of Microenvironment-Activated Prodrugs for Cancer Therapy. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:228-235. [PMID: 31769617 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Bromohexitols represent a potent class of DNA-alkylating carbohydrate chemotherapeutics that has been largely ignored over the last decades due to safety concerns. The limited structure-activity relationship data available reveals significant changes in cytotoxicity with even subtle changes in stereochemistry. However, no attempts have been made to improve the therapeutic window by rational drug design or by using a prodrug approach to exploit differences between tumour physiology and healthy tissue, such as acidic extracellular pH and hypoxia. Herein, we report the photochemical synthesis of highly substituted endoperoxides as key precursors for dibromohexitol derivatives and investigate their use as microenvironment-activated prodrugs for targeting cancer cells. One endoperoxide was identified to have a marked increased activity under hypoxic and low pH conditions, indicating that endoperoxides may serve as microenvironment-activated prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Johansson
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Omar Hussain
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Simon J Allison
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Tony V Robinson
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Roger M Phillips
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Daniel Sejer Pedersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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4
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Hu X, Lim P, Fairhurst RM, Maimone TJ. Synthesis and Study of the Antimalarial Cardamom Peroxide. Tetrahedron 2018; 74:3358-3369. [PMID: 30319159 PMCID: PMC6181145 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A full account of our previously disclosed synthesis of the monoterpene dimer cardamom peroxide is reported. Inspired by hypotheses regarding the potential biosynthetic origins of this natural product, several unproductive routes are also reported. The chemical reactivity of this structurally unique metabolite in the presence of iron(II) sources is also reported as is its antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum clinical isolates from several Cambodian provinces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xirui Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
| | - Pharath Lim
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD (USA)
- National Center for Parasitology, Entomology, and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Rick M Fairhurst
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD (USA)
| | - Thomas J Maimone
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
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5
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Li Q, Zhao K, Peuronen A, Rissanen K, Enders D, Tang Y. Enantioselective Total Syntheses of (+)-Hippolachnin A, (+)-Gracilioether A, (−)-Gracilioether E, and (−)-Gracilioether F. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:1937-1944. [PMID: 29314833 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b12903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingong Li
- The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Comprehensive AIDS Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Anssi Peuronen
- Department
of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, 40014 JYU Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department
of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, 40014 JYU Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Dieter Enders
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Yefeng Tang
- The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Comprehensive AIDS Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center for Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy
and Cancer Center, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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6
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Yaremenko IA, Vil’ VA, Demchuk DV, Terent’ev AO. Rearrangements of organic peroxides and related processes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:1647-748. [PMID: 27559418 PMCID: PMC4979652 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review is the first to collate and summarize main data on named and unnamed rearrangement reactions of peroxides. It should be noted, that in the chemistry of peroxides two types of processes are considered under the term rearrangements. These are conventional rearrangements occurring with the retention of the molecular weight and transformations of one of the peroxide moieties after O-O-bond cleavage. Detailed information about the Baeyer-Villiger, Criegee, Hock, Kornblum-DeLaMare, Dakin, Elbs, Schenck, Smith, Wieland, and Story reactions is given. Unnamed rearrangements of organic peroxides and related processes are also analyzed. The rearrangements and related processes of important natural and synthetic peroxides are discussed separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan A Yaremenko
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Vera A Vil’
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Demchuk
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander O Terent’ev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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7
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Wang P, She Y, Fu H, Zhao W, Wang M. Study of special catalytic behaviors of the metal porphyrins with different central metal ions in the aerobic oxidation of 4-nitroethylbenzene to 4-nitroacetophenone. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070427215050250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Wang P, She Y, Fu H, Zhao W, Wang M. Oxidation of alkylaromatics to aromatic ketones catalyzed by metalloporphyrins under the special temperature control method. CAN J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2014-0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The aerobic oxidation of alkylaromatics to aromatic ketones catalyzed by metalloporphyrins under the special temperature control method was systematically investigated. Three novel and key points were found to have significant functions in this process, that is, the special temperature control method (initiation at higher temperature and reaction at lower temperature), the synergistic effect of the composite catalysts comprising cobalt and manganese porphyrins, and the amount of catalysts in the reaction. Subsequently, the effects of substitutes on alkylaromatics were also explored under the same conditions. Results showed that alkylaromatic conversions gradually increased from 8.5% to 54.3% with the para-substituents shifting from the electron-donating group to the electron-withdrawing group (i.e., methoxy < hydro < bromo < acyl < nitro). A possible mechanism for this reaction was also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wang
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Fine Chemicals, college of Environmental & Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yuanbin She
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Fine Chemicals, college of Environmental & Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Haiyan Fu
- College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wenbo Zhao
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Fine Chemicals, college of Environmental & Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Fine Chemicals, college of Environmental & Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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9
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Kazancioglu EA, Kazancioglu MZ, Fistikci M, Secen H, Altundas R. Photooxygenation of Azidoalkyl Furans: Catalyst-Free Triazole and New Endoperoxide Rearrangement. Org Lett 2013; 15:4790-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol402163u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Meryem Fistikci
- Department of Chemistry, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hasan Secen
- Department of Chemistry, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Altundas
- Department of Chemistry, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
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10
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Yang H, Feng J, Tang Y. Biomimetic total syntheses of spirobacillenes A and B. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:6442-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc42686f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Huang LL, Han XZ, Yao YM, Zhang Y, Shen Q. Synthesis of ferrocene-containing N-aryloxo β-ketoiminate lanthanide complexes and polymerization of ε-caprolactone. Appl Organomet Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.1788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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12
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Radicals in transition metal catalyzed reactions? transition metal catalyzed radical reactions? - a fruitful interplay anyway: part 2. Radical catalysis by group 8 and 9 elements. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2011; 320:191-322. [PMID: 22143610 DOI: 10.1007/128_2011_285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the current status of transition metal catalyzed reactions involving radical intermediates in organic chemistry. This part focuses on radical-based methods catalyzed by group 8 and group 9 metal complexes. Reductive and redox-neutral coupling methods catalyzed by low-valent metal complexes as well as catalytic oxidative C-C bond formations are reviewed.
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13
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14
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Zvarec O, Avery TD, Taylor DK. Carbenoid insertion into the peroxide bond vs the olefin bond of cyclic peroxides. J Org Chem 2010; 75:450-4. [PMID: 20017510 DOI: 10.1021/jo902290g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report examples of the insertion of a carbenoid into a peroxide linkage. This study reveals that intramolecular insertion of carbenes into the peroxide linkage of 3,6-dihydro-1,2-dioxines is preferred over olefin insertion. The initial scope of the reaction and mechanistic considerations, have been probed. This methodology also generates unusual bicyclic hemiacetals (2) and tricyclic peroxides (3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Zvarec
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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15
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Robinson TV, Pedersen DS, Taylor DK, Tiekink ERT. Dihydroxylation of 4-Substituted 1,2-Dioxines: A Concise Route to Branched Erythro Sugars. J Org Chem 2009; 74:5093-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jo900669u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tony V. Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia, and Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249-0698
| | - Daniel Sejer Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia, and Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249-0698
| | - Dennis K. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia, and Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249-0698
| | - Edward R. T. Tiekink
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia, and Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249-0698
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16
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Pedersen DS, Robinson TV, Taylor DK, Tiekink ERT. A Concise Route to Branched Erythrono-γ-lactones. Synthesis of the Leaf-Closing Substance Potassium (±)-(2R,3R)-2,3,4-Trihydroxy-2-methylbutanoate. J Org Chem 2009; 74:4400-3. [DOI: 10.1021/jo900392y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sejer Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, Texas 78249-0698
| | - Tony V. Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, Texas 78249-0698
| | - Dennis K. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, Texas 78249-0698
| | - Edward R. T. Tiekink
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, Texas 78249-0698
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17
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Peng H, Zhang Z, Qi R, Yao Y, Zhang Y, Shen Q, Cheng Y. Synthesis, Reactivity, and Characterization of Sodium and Rare-Earth Metal Complexes Bearing a Dianionic N-Aryloxo-Functionalized β-Ketoiminate Ligand. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:9828-35. [DOI: 10.1021/ic8011469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Peng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Dushu Lake Campus, Suzhou University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenqin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Dushu Lake Campus, Suzhou University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruipeng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Dushu Lake Campus, Suzhou University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingming Yao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Dushu Lake Campus, Suzhou University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Dushu Lake Campus, Suzhou University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Dushu Lake Campus, Suzhou University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanxiang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Dushu Lake Campus, Suzhou University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
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Artemisinin and a series of novel endoperoxide antimalarials exert early effects on digestive vacuole morphology. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 52:98-109. [PMID: 17938190 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00609-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Artermisinin and its derivatives are now the mainstays of antimalarial treatment; however, their mechanism of action is only poorly understood. We report on the synthesis of a novel series of epoxy-endoperoxides that can be prepared in high yields from simple starting materials. Endoperoxides that are disubstituted with alkyl or benzyl side chains show efficient inhibition of the growth of both chloroquine-sensitive and -resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum. A trans-epoxide with respect to the peroxide linkage increases the activity compared to that of its cis-epoxy counterpart or the parent endoperoxide. The novel endoperoxides do not show a strong interaction with artemisinin. We have compared the mechanism of action of the novel endoperoxides with that of artemisinin. Electron microscopy reveals that the novel endoperoxides cause the early accumulation of endocytic vesicles, while artemisinin causes the disruption of the digestive vacuole membrane. At longer incubation times artemisinin causes extensive loss of organellar structures, while the novel endoperoxides cause myelin body formation as well as the accumulation of endocytic vesicles. An early event following endoperoxide treatment is the redistribution of the pH-sensitive probe LysoSensor Blue from the digestive vacuole to punctate structures. By contrast, neither artemisinin nor the novel endoperoxides caused alterations in the morphology of the endoplasmic reticulum nor showed antagonistic antimalarial activity when they were used with thapsigargin. Analysis of rhodamine 123 uptake by P. falciparum suggests that disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential occurs as a downstream effect rather than as an initiator of parasite killing. The data suggest that the digestive vacuole is an important initial site of endoperoxide antimalarial activity.
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20
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Yao H, Zhou GX, Wu Q, Lei GQ, Chen DF, Chen JK, Zhou TS. Mistletonone, a novel antioxidative diarylheptanoid from the branches and leaves of Viscum coloratum. Molecules 2007; 12:312-7. [PMID: 17851390 PMCID: PMC6149444 DOI: 10.3390/12030312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2007] [Revised: 02/13/2007] [Accepted: 02/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mistletonone, a novel diarylheptanoid, was isolated from the branches and leaves of Viscum coloratum (Kom.) Nakai (Loranthaceae). It was identified as 1,7-di-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxyl-cis-2,3-epoxy-1-one on the basis of spectral evidence. The compound showed significant scavenging effects on hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anion radicals in the direct assay using the electron spin resonance (ESR) technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yao
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University. Yi Xue Yuan Rd. No.138, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China; E-mails: ,
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University. Handan Rd. No. 220, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China; E-mail:
| | - Guang-Xiong Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P.R. China; E-mail:
| | - Qiong Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University. Handan Rd. No. 220, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China; E-mail:
| | - Guang-Qing Lei
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University. Handan Rd. No. 220, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China; E-mail:
| | - Dao-Feng Chen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University. Yi Xue Yuan Rd. No.138, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China; E-mails: ,
| | - Jia-Kuan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University. Handan Rd. No. 220, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China; E-mail:
| | - Tong-Shui Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University. Handan Rd. No. 220, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China; E-mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel: (+86) 21 65642206; Fax: (+86) 21 65642206
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Robinson TV, Taylor DK, Tiekink ERT. Osmium Catalyzed Dihydroxylation of 1,2-Dioxines: A New Entry for Stereoselective Sugar Synthesis. J Org Chem 2006; 71:7236-44. [PMID: 16958516 DOI: 10.1021/jo060949p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of 3,6-substituted 3,6-dihydro-1,2-dioxines were dihydroxylated with osmium tetroxide to furnish 1,2-dioxane-4,5-diols (peroxy diols) in yields ranging from 33% to 98% and with de values not less than 90%. The peroxy diols were then reduced to generate a stereospecific tetraol core with R,R,S,S or "allitol" stereochemistry. The peroxy diols and their acetonide derivatives were also ring-opened with Co(II) salen complexes to give novel hydroxy ketones in 77-100% yield, including the natural sugar psicose. Importantly, preliminary work on the catalytic asymmetric ring-opening of meso-peroxy diols using the Co(II) Jacobsens's catalyst indicates that asymmetric sugar synthesis from 1,2-dioxines is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony V Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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23
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Rössle M, Werner T, Frey W, Christoffers J. Cerium-Catalyzed, Aerobic Oxidative Synthesis of 1,2-Dioxane Derivatives from Styrene and Their Fragmentation into 1,4-Dicarbonyl Compounds. European J Org Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200500487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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24
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Macreadie P, Avery T, Greatrex B, Taylor D, Macreadie I. Novel endoperoxides: synthesis and activity against Candida species. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 16:920-2. [PMID: 16297620 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.10.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2005] [Revised: 10/28/2005] [Accepted: 10/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fifteen new endoperoxides have been synthesised and tested for activity against pathogenic Candida species. These endoperoxides can be prepared in high yields, in one to three steps, from inexpensive starting materials. Despite chemical and structural similarities, their inhibitory activity against Candida growth varied greatly from one endoperoxide to another, and one species to another. This study of susceptibility to endoperoxide compounds presented here may lead to the development of potent new antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Macreadie
- CSIRO, Molecular and Health Technologies, Parkville, 3052 Victoria, Australia
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Avery TD, Caiazza D, Culbert JA, Taylor DK, Tiekink ERT. 1,2-Dioxines Containing Tethered Hydroxyl Functionality as Convenient Precursors for Pyran Syntheses. J Org Chem 2005; 70:8344-51. [PMID: 16209577 DOI: 10.1021/jo050806n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new method for the construction of tetrahydropyrans derived from readily available 1,2-dioxines containing a tethered hydroxyl moiety is described. The reaction proceeds via a base-catalyzed rearrangement of the 1,2-dioxines to either the isomeric cis or trans gamma-hydroxy enones followed by intramolecular oxa-Michael addition of the tethered hydroxyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Avery
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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Greatrex BW, Taylor DK. Ring-Opening of Unsymmetrical 1,2-Dioxines Using Cobalt(II) Salen Complexes. J Org Chem 2004; 70:470-6. [PMID: 15651788 DOI: 10.1021/jo040241f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The regioselectivity of the metal-catalyzed ring opening of unsymmetrical 1,2-dioxines to cis-gamma-hydroxyenones was investigated using two different Co(II) salen complexes. Regioselectivity was determined by direct examination of the enone ratios and by derivitization with a stabilized phosphorus ylide. The steric influence of the substituents on the 1,2-dioxine was the primary influence on regioselectivity. Temperature played little role; however, solvent and selection of Co(II) complex could be used to mildly influence the outcome of the rearrangement for selected substrates. The origins of the selectivity for the reaction are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben W Greatrex
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005
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Greatrex BW, Taylor DK, Tiekink ERT. A domino ring-opening/epoxidation of 1,2-dioxines. J Org Chem 2004; 69:2580-3. [PMID: 15049663 DOI: 10.1021/jo0303315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
When allowed to react with alkaline hydrogen peroxide, monocyclic 1,2-dioxines ring-open to their isomeric gamma-hydroxyenone intermediates which are rapidly epoxidized to afford trans-4-hydroxy-2,3-epoxyketones in 21-81% yield. In the case of meso-1,2-dioxines, Co(II) complex catalyzed asymmetric ring-opening of the 1,2-dioxine may be employed to furnish enantioenriched epoxides
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben W Greatrex
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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Greatrex BW, Taylor DK. Triphenylphosphine-Induced Ring Contraction of 1,2-Dioxines. J Org Chem 2004; 69:2577-9. [PMID: 15049662 DOI: 10.1021/jo030330c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Triphenylphosphine inserts into the peroxide bond of 1,2-dioxines, initiating ring contraction with loss of triphenylphosphine oxide. This process yields dihydrofuran oxides in 54-97% yield from oxirenyl[2,3-c][1,2]dioxines and dihydrofurans from 3,6-dihydro-1,2-dioxines with inversion of stereochemistry at either the 2 or 5 position in the furan product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben W Greatrex
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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