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Hammouda MM, Elattar KM, Rashed MM, Osman AMA. Synthesis, biological activities, and future perspectives of steroidal monocyclic pyridines. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1934-1972. [PMID: 37859725 PMCID: PMC10583814 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00411b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Steroidal pyridines are a class of compounds that have been the subject of extensive research in recent years due to their potential biological activities. The introduction of a pyridine ring into the steroid skeleton can significantly alter the chemical and biological properties of the compound, making it more potent and/or selective for a particular target. Different synthetic methods have been developed for the preparation of steroidal pyridines. This review provides an overview of the synthesis, biological activities, and future perspectives of steroidal monocyclic dihydropyridines, tetrahydropyridines, and pyridines from 2005 to the present. The different synthetic methods that have been developed for the preparation of these steroids are discussed, as well as the proposed mechanisms and the biological activities that have been reported. Finally, the potential of steroidal monocyclic pyridines for the development of new drugs is discussed. This review is intended to provide a comprehensive overview of the field of steroidal monocyclic pyridines for researchers and scientists who are interested in this area of research. It is also hoped that this review will stimulate further research into the synthesis and biological activities of steroidal pyridines to develop new and improved drugs for the treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Hammouda
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Al-Kharj 11942 Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University El-Gomhoria Street Mansoura 35516 Egypt
| | - Khaled M Elattar
- Unit of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University El-Gomhoria Street Mansoura 35516 Egypt +201010655354
| | - Marwa M Rashed
- Toxicology Department, Mansoura Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University El-Gomhoria Street Mansoura 35516 Egypt
| | - Amany M A Osman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Al-Kharj 11942 Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University Shebin El-Koam Egypt
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2
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Mao Y, Li J, Tang C, Ma B, Xu Z, Ke C, Feng L, Zhang H, Yao S, Dai HX, Ye Y. Fused-ring α-pyrones from intramolecular C–H activation and their lipids-lowering activity associated with LXR-IDOL-LDLR axis regulation. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 244:114866. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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3
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Ghosh T, Biswas D, Bhakta S. Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of Fused Carbo- and Heterocycles: Recent Advances. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200725. [PMID: 36065137 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The use of palladium catalysts in fused ring synthesis has been increasingly noteworthy in recent years in organic synthesis. It has a lot of potential compared to other transition metal catalysts, because of its one-of-a-kind feature that makes them more widely applicable in a variety of disciplines application. Palladium is important in a variety of Heck processes, including intramolecular, intermolecular, and reductive Heck reactions, which produce diverse carbocycles and heterocycles of biological importance. Under optimal reaction conditions, carbocyclization or heterocyclization occurs, resulting in the production of numerous structural building blocks of naturally occurring compounds. Beside intramolecular Heck-type reactions, cycloaddition, cycloalkylation, oxidative coupling, C-H functionalization, cross-coupling reactions, and carboamidation reactions have also been employed extensively to access fused carbo- and heterocycles of immense biological importance. This review article provides a well-summarized discussion (since 2001) on fused carbo- and heterocycle ring synthesis using palladium catalysts, overviewing their applications, and mechanistic insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Ghosh
- Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Applied Sciences, Simhat, Haringhata, 741249, Haringhata, INDIA
| | - Diptam Biswas
- Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Applied Chemistry, INDIA
| | - Sayantika Bhakta
- Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Applied Chemistry, INDIA
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4
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Wang Y, Zhang S, Feng X, Yu X, Yamaguchi M, Bao M. Palladium-Catalyzed Para-C-H Bond Amination of 2-Aryl Chloromethylbenzenes. J Org Chem 2022; 87:10531-10538. [PMID: 35899766 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed para-C-H bond amination of 2-aryl chloromethylbenzenes is described for the first time. The reactions of 2-aryl chloromethylbenzenes with cyclic amines proceeded smoothly in the presence of Pd(acac)2, tri(2-furyl)phosphine, and NaH in tetrahydrofuran at 40 °C to provide para-C-H bond aminated products in satisfactory to high yields with acceptable regioselectivity in most cases. The electronic property of the substituents linked to the benzene rings did not significantly influence the reactivity of the 2-aryl chloromethylbenzene substrates and the reaction regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiujuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Masahiko Yamaguchi
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ming Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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5
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Mei H, Liu A, He J, Yu Y, Han J. Visible-Light-Irradiated Cascade Reaction of Indole-Tethered Alkenes to Access Tetracyclic Tetrahydro-γ-carbolines. Org Lett 2022; 24:2630-2635. [PMID: 35354314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of indole-derived alkenes have been designed and applied in a photocatalytic cascade reaction with bromodifluoroacetate esters, affording an unknown type of tetracyclic tetrahydro-γ-carboline derivative in up to 90% yields. Mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction proceeds with tetrahydro-γ-carboline as a key intermediate. The reaction tolerates a diverse pool of substrates, which provides an efficient method for the construction of tetracyclic tetrahydro-γ-carboline compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Mei
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Aiyao Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jingrui He
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yingjie Yu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jianlin Han
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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6
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Yue Y, Yang Y, Sun C, Chao J, Ye Y, Guo X, Liu J. Accessing Polycyclic Heteroarenes Enabled by Copper-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative C-H/C-H [4 + 2] Annulation of 3-Arylindole Derivatives. Org Lett 2021; 24:478-483. [PMID: 34965143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are delivered at room temperature by copper-catalyzed aerobic oxidative C-H/C-H [4 + 2] annulation of alkyl-substituted 3-arylindole derivatives. Specifically, dual aryl C-H functionalization is furnished under mild conditions through the 1,2-migration of copper catalyst and regioselective alkyne insertion. Mechanistic experiments demonstrate that the C-H bond cleavage on the indole and phenyl rings is not involved in the rate-limiting step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yue
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P.R. China
| | - Yan Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P.R. China
| | - Chunying Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P.R. China
| | - Junli Chao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P.R. China
| | - Yaqing Ye
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Guo
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P.R. China
| | - Jianming Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P.R. China
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7
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Zhang J, Shi SQ, Hao WJ, Dong GY, Tu SJ, Jiang B. Tunable Electrocatalytic Annulations of o-Arylalkynylanilines: Green and Switchable Syntheses of Skeletally Diverse Indoles. J Org Chem 2021; 86:15886-15896. [PMID: 33534572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tunable electrocatalytic annulation reactions of o-arylalkynylanilines have been established, leading to green and divergent syntheses of skeletally diverse indoles by adjusting the electrolytes and the solvents. The presence of ammonium halides as the electrolytes enabled the halogenation of o-arylalkynylanilines to give C3-halogenated indoles whereas naphtho[1',2':4,5]furo[3,2-b]indoles could be obtained by changing the electrolyte from ammonium halides to KI. Interestingly, by combining acetone as the solvent and both NH4I and NH4Cl as the electrolytes, the reaction worked through an intramolecular annulation and [5 + 1] cyclization cascade to form naphtho[1',2':5,6][1,3]oxazino[3,4-a]indoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Qing Shi
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Juan Hao
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Yun Dong
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Jiang Tu
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P.R. China
| | - Bo Jiang
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P.R. China
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8
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A Direct and an Efficient Regioselective Synthesis of 1,2-Benzothiazine 1,1-dioxides, β-Carbolinones, Indolo[2,3- c]pyran-1-ones, Indolo[3,2- c]pyran-1-ones, Thieno[2,3- c]pyran-7-ones and Pyrano[3',4':4,5]imidazo[1,2- a]pyridin-1-ones via Tandem Stille/Heterocyclization Reaction. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215137. [PMID: 33158260 PMCID: PMC7663652 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A general regioselective one-pot synthesis of 1,2-benzothiazine 1,1-dioxides from 2-iodo benzenesulfonamide moieties and allenylstannanes is described using a domino Stille-like/Azacyclization reaction. The conditions developed also opened a novel access to β-carbolinones, indolopyranones, thienopyranones and pyrano-imidazopyridines.
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9
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Kaur N, Verma Y, Grewal P, Ahlawat N, Bhardwaj P, Jangid NK. Palladium acetate assisted synthesis of five-membered N-polyheterocycles. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2020.1723640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Navjeet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Jaipur, India
| | - Yamini Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Jaipur, India
| | - Pooja Grewal
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Jaipur, India
| | - Neha Ahlawat
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Jaipur, India
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10
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Dhanorkar RJ, Gupta VK, Prakash Gocher C. Synthesis of 1
H
‐Inden‐1‐ylidenes via Carboannulation of Internal Alkynes with (
E
)‐3‐(2‐Bromophenyl) Acrylaldehyde: Potential Precursors for Drug Development. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh J. Dhanorkar
- Polymer Synthesis & Catalysis Reliance Research and Development CentreReliance Industries Limited Navi Mumbai 400701 India
| | - Virendra Kumar Gupta
- Polymer Synthesis & Catalysis Reliance Research and Development CentreReliance Industries Limited Navi Mumbai 400701 India
| | - Chandra Prakash Gocher
- Polymer Synthesis & Catalysis Reliance Research and Development CentreReliance Industries Limited Navi Mumbai 400701 India
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11
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Cooper L, Alonso JM, Eagling L, Newson H, Herath S, Thomson C, Lister A, Howsham C, Cox B, Muñoz MP. Synthesis of a Novel Type of 2,3'-BIMs via Platinum-Catalysed Reaction of Indolylallenes with Indoles. Chemistry 2018; 24:6105-6114. [PMID: 29393548 PMCID: PMC5947743 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Optimisation, scope and mechanism of the platinum-catalysed addition of indoles to indolylallenes is reported here to give 2,3'-BIMs with a novel core structure very relevant for pharmaceutical industry. The reaction is modulated by the electronic properties of the substituents on both indoles, with the 2,3'-BIMs favoured when electron donating groups are present. Although simple at first, a complex mechanism has been uncovered that explains the different behaviour of these systems with platinum when compared with other metals (e.g. gold). Detailed labelling studies have shown Pt-catalysed 6-endo-trig cyclisation of the indollylallene as the first step of the reaction and the involvement of two cyclic vinyl-platinum intermediates in equilibrium through a platinum carbene, as the key intermediates of the catalytic cycle towards the second nucleophilic attack and formation of the BIMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Cooper
- School of ChemistryUniversity of East AngliaEarlham RoadNorwichNR4 7TJUK
| | - José Miguel Alonso
- School of ChemistryUniversity of East AngliaEarlham RoadNorwichNR4 7TJUK
| | - Louise Eagling
- School of ChemistryUniversity of East AngliaEarlham RoadNorwichNR4 7TJUK
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals (UK) LimitedRH12 5AB, HorshamWest SussexUK
| | - Helen Newson
- School of ChemistryUniversity of East AngliaEarlham RoadNorwichNR4 7TJUK
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals (UK) LimitedRH12 5AB, HorshamWest SussexUK
| | - Sachini Herath
- School of ChemistryUniversity of East AngliaEarlham RoadNorwichNR4 7TJUK
| | | | - Andrew Lister
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals (UK) LimitedRH12 5AB, HorshamWest SussexUK
| | | | - Brian Cox
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals (UK) LimitedRH12 5AB, HorshamWest SussexUK
| | - María Paz Muñoz
- School of ChemistryUniversity of East AngliaEarlham RoadNorwichNR4 7TJUK
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12
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Kumar S, Saunthwal RK, Aggarwal T, Kotla SKR, Verma AK. Palladium meets copper: one-pot tandem synthesis of pyrido fused heterocycles via Sonogashira conjoined electrophilic cyclization. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:9063-9071. [PMID: 27714281 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01539e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
An efficient step-economical tandem approach for the direct synthesis of pyrido fused indole, quinoline, benzofuran and benzothiophene derivatives using a bimetallic Pd/Cu catalytic system has been described. The three component reaction of o-halo aldehydes, alkynes and tert-butylamine leads to the synthesis of biologically active polyheterocycles. The present strategy involves the dual role of tert-butylamine and copper(i) in Sonogashira coupling followed by electrophilic cyclization through imine formation. The chemistry has been validated by X-ray crystallographic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Kumar
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi - 110007, India.
| | - Rakesh K Saunthwal
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi - 110007, India.
| | - Trapti Aggarwal
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi - 110007, India.
| | - Siva K Reddy Kotla
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi - 110007, India.
| | - Akhilesh K Verma
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi - 110007, India.
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13
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Shiva Kumar K, Kumar NP, Rajesham B, Kishan G, Akula S, Kancha RK. Silver-catalyzed synthesis of pyrrolopiperazine fused with oxazine/imidazole via a domino approach: evaluation of anti-cancer activity. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj03608f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ag-Catalyzed synthesis of pyrrolopiperazine fused with oxazine/imidazole by the reaction of δ-alkynyl aldehydes and nucleophilic amines was performed. Several of these compounds were found to exhibit anti-cancer activity against cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Shiva Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Osmania University
- Hyderabad-500007
- India
| | | | | | | | - Sravani Akula
- Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics Laboratory
- CPMB
- Osmania University
- Hyderabad-500007
- India
| | - Rama Krishna Kancha
- Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics Laboratory
- CPMB
- Osmania University
- Hyderabad-500007
- India
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14
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Chen AY, Lu Q, Fu Y, Sarpong R, Stoltz BM, Zhang H. Isocanthine Synthesis via Rh(III)-Catalyzed Intramolecular C-H Functionalization. J Org Chem 2017; 83:330-337. [PMID: 29182872 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of substituted isocanthines has been achieved using an intramolecular Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H functionalization of alkyne-tethered indoles in the presence of catalytic tris(acetonitrile)pentamethylcyclopentadienylrhodium(III) hexafluoroantimonate and stoichiometric copper(II) acetate. This isocanthine synthesis tolerates a variety of electronically diverse 5- or 6-substituted indoles with N-tethered alkyne coupling partners and can also be extended to pyrrole derivatives for the synthesis of annulated 5-azaindoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Y Chen
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Warren and Katherine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Qianqian Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yao Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- Warren and Katherine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Haiming Zhang
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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15
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Shelar S, Argade NP. Total Synthesis of Bioactive Canthine Alkaloid Cordatanine Comprising in Situ Double Oxidative Aromatization of Tetrahydrocarbazole. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:3945-3950. [PMID: 31457698 PMCID: PMC6641036 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Starting from tryptamine and methoxymaleic anhydride, concise and efficient total synthesis of cordatanine has been accomplished via regioselective reduction of methoxymaleimide, acid-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization of the formed lactamol, in situ stepwise oxidations leading to aromatization, and intramolecular cyclization with the exchange of N-regioselectivity. An attempted synthesis of regioisomeric natural product zanthochilone has been described in brief with reversal of reduction selectivity.
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16
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Pal S, Choudhary D, Jainth M, Kumar S, Tiwari RK, Verma AK. Regio- and Stereoselective Domino Synthesis of Oxazolo Fused Pyridoindoles and Benzofurooxazolo Pyridines from ortho-Alkynylarylaldehydes. J Org Chem 2016; 81:9356-9371. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Pal
- Synthetic
Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Deepak Choudhary
- Synthetic
Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Mohit Jainth
- Synthetic
Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Sonu Kumar
- Synthetic
Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Rakesh K. Tiwari
- Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, 9401
Jeronimo Road, Irvine, California 92618, United States
| | - Akhilesh K. Verma
- Synthetic
Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
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17
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Zheng L, Bin Y, Wang Y, Hua R. Synthesis of Natural Product-like Polyheterocycles via One-Pot Cascade Oximation, C-H Activation, and Alkyne Annulation. J Org Chem 2016; 81:8911-8919. [PMID: 27626812 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An efficient protocol for the direct transformation of chroman-4-ones to tricyclic fused pyridines with the skeleton of cassiarins, a family of alkaloids with antimalarial activity, was developed. Also, a general strategy for modular construction of polyheterocycles with diverse natural product-like skeletons was developed by using ketone-alkyne bifunctional substrates. These reactions involved a one-pot cascade oximation of ketones, rhodium-catalyzed C-H activation, and intermolecular/intramolecular alkyne annulations under mild conditions with high atom, step, and redox economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yunhui Bin
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ruimao Hua
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
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18
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Reddy AGK, Krishna J, Satyanarayana G. One-pot Jeffery-Heck and Reduction Sequence: Synthesis of Alcohols and Applied to the Synthesis of Flavan Natural Products. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alavala Gopi Krishna Reddy
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology; Hyderabad; Kandi - 502 285, Sangareddy, Telangana INDIA
| | - Jonnada Krishna
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology; Hyderabad; Kandi - 502 285, Sangareddy, Telangana INDIA
| | - Gedu Satyanarayana
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology; Hyderabad; Kandi - 502 285, Sangareddy, Telangana INDIA
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19
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A highly practical approach to chiral homoallylic–homopropargylic amines via aza-Barbier reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.03.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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20
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Kumar S, Cruz-Hernández C, Pal S, Saunthwal RK, Patel M, Tiwari RK, Juaristi E, Verma AK. Tandem Approach to Benzothieno- and Benzofuropyridines from o-Alkynyl Aldehydes via Silver-Catalyzed 6-endo-dig Ring Closure. J Org Chem 2015; 80:10548-60. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Kumar
- Synthetic
Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Carlos Cruz-Hernández
- Departamento
de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Apdo. Postal 14-740, México City 07000, Mexico
| | - Shilpi Pal
- Synthetic
Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Rakesh K. Saunthwal
- Synthetic
Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Monika Patel
- Synthetic
Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Rakesh K. Tiwari
- Chapman
University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, California 92618, United States
| | - Eusebio Juaristi
- Departamento
de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Apdo. Postal 14-740, México City 07000, Mexico
| | - Akhilesh K. Verma
- Synthetic
Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
- School
of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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21
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Iodine-catalyzed C3-formylation of indoles via C–N bond cleavage of tertiary amines under aerobic conditions. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Rathi AK, Gawande MB, Zboril R, Varma RS. Microwave-assisted synthesis – Catalytic applications in aqueous media. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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23
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Dagar A, Biswas S, Samanta S. A catalyst-free, efficient green MCR protocol for access to functionalized γ-carbolines in water. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra08422a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A catalyst-free green procedure for access to substituted γ-carbolines has been achieved in water with excellent yields via a MCR reaction of 3-formyl indole derivatives, aldehydes with NH4OAc at room temperature under aerobic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Dagar
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Department of Technology
- Indore
- India
| | - Soumen Biswas
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Department of Technology
- Indore
- India
| | - Sampak Samanta
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Department of Technology
- Indore
- India
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24
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Krishna J, Niharika P, Satyanarayana G. Sequential one-pot approach for the synthesis of functionalized phthalans via Heck-reduction–cyclization (HRC) reactions. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra00955c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient and practical method is described for the direct synthesis of 1,3-dihydroisobenzofurans, an important structural motif present in biologically active natural or synthetic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonnada Krishna
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Hyderabad
- Ordnance Factory Estate Campus
- Medak District
- India
| | - Pedireddi Niharika
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Hyderabad
- Ordnance Factory Estate Campus
- Medak District
- India
| | - Gedu Satyanarayana
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Hyderabad
- Ordnance Factory Estate Campus
- Medak District
- India
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25
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Zhu Y, Shen XR, Tang HT, Lin M, Zhan ZP. Silver(i)-catalyzed annulation for the regioselective synthesis of N-imino-γ-carbolinium ylides from hydrazones of indole-3-carbonyl derivatives and propargylic alcohols. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:9514-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02020k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A regioselective efficient synthetic approach to N-imino-γ-carbolinium ylides via AgOTf-catalyzed iminoannulation from indole derivatives and propargylic alcohols has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Rui Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Tao Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuang-Ping Zhan
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen, People's Republic of China
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26
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Shekarrao K, Nath D, Kaishap PP, Gogoi S, Boruah RC. Palladium-catalyzed multi-component synthesis of steroidal A- and D-ring fused 5,6-disubstituted pyridines under microwave irradiation. Steroids 2013; 78:1126-33. [PMID: 23954521 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of steroidal A-, D-ring fused 5,6-disubstituted pyridines and nonsteroidal substituted pyridines is described form Pd(OAc)2 catalyzed multi-component reaction of steroidal/nonsteroidal β-halovinyl aldehyde, alkyne and benzylamine in solvent-free condition under microwave irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kommuri Shekarrao
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, North-East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam 785 006, India
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27
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Sequential one-pot method for oxy-Michael addition, Heck coupling, and degradation followed by condensation: facile synthesis of 2-benzoxepin-3(1H)-ones. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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28
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Abstract
The synthesis of β-carbolines is a mature field, yet new methods are desirable to introduce new functionality onto the core scaffold. We describe the incorporation of an additional fused ring onto the β-carboline via a novel palladium-catalyzed, one-pot Sonogashira coupling/intramolecular [2+2+2] cyclization. This method generates three rings in one flask and produces an annulated β-carboline in 80% yield. A preliminary mechanistic study into the sequence of events is described, which confirms an unprecedented catalytic role for palladium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seann P Mulcahy
- Providence College, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1 Cunningham Square, Providence, RI 02908, USA
| | - Jonathan G Varelas
- Providence College, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1 Cunningham Square, Providence, RI 02908, USA
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29
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Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction in 4-chloro-2-trichloromethylquinazoline series is possible despite a side dimerization reaction. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.01.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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30
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31
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Hamri S, Rodríguez J, Basset J, Guillaumet G, Dolors Pujol M. A convenient iodination of indoles and derivatives. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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Inack Ngi S, Guilloteau V, Abarbri M, Thibonnet J. Regioselective Copper-Mediated Synthesis of Thieno[2,3-c]pyrane-7-one, Indolo[2,3-c]pyrane-1-one, and Indolo[3,2-c]pyrane-1-one. J Org Chem 2011; 76:8347-54. [DOI: 10.1021/jo201528u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Inack Ngi
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Matériaux et des Biomolécules, EA 4244, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Tours, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Vincent Guilloteau
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Matériaux et des Biomolécules, EA 4244, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Tours, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Mohamed Abarbri
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Matériaux et des Biomolécules, EA 4244, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Tours, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Jérôme Thibonnet
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Matériaux et des Biomolécules, EA 4244, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Tours, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
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33
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Lu S, Wang R, Yang Y, Li Y, Shi Z, Zhang W, Tu Z. Photoinduced Cyclization of 3-Acyl-2-halo-1-[(ω-phenylethynyl)alkyl]indoles to Azaheterocyclo[1,2,3-lm]-Fused Benzo[c]carbazoles. J Org Chem 2011; 76:5661-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo200630x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shenci Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
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34
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Smirnova OB, Golovko TV, Granik VG. Carbolines. Part I: Comparison of some methods for the synthesis of α-, γ-, and δ-carbolines (a review). Pharm Chem J 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-011-0540-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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35
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Gabriele B, Veltri L, Salerno G, Mancuso R, Costa M. Multicomponent Cascade Reactions: A Novel and Expedient Approach to Functionalized Indoles by an Unprecedented Nucleophilic Addition-Heterocyclization-Oxidative Alkoxycarbonylation Sequence. Adv Synth Catal 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201000642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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36
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Palladium-catalyzed oxyarylation of olefins using silver carbonate as the base. Probing the mechanism by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J Organomet Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2010.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Shi Z, Cui Y, Jiao N. Synthesis of β- and γ-Carbolinones via Pd-Catalyzed Direct Dehydrogenative Annulation (DDA) of Indole-carboxamides with Alkynes Using Air as the Oxidant. Org Lett 2010; 12:2908-11. [DOI: 10.1021/ol1007839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100083, China, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yuxin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100083, China, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100083, China, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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38
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Ding S, Shi Z, Jiao N. Pd(II)-Catalyzed Synthesis of Carbolines by Iminoannulation of Internal Alkynes via Direct C−H Bond Cleavage Using Dioxygen as Oxidant. Org Lett 2010; 12:1540-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol100272s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengtao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China, and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China, and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China, and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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39
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Chernyak N, Tilly D, Li Z, Gevorgyan V. Pd-catalyzed cascade carbopalladation-annulation reaction of 3-(2-iodobenzyl)-indoles into fused 6/5/7/6- and 6/5/5/6- heterocyclic systems. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:150-2. [PMID: 20024323 PMCID: PMC3690920 DOI: 10.1039/b919991h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic indole structures, possessing fused seven-membered rings were efficiently synthesized via the Pd-catalyzed intramolecular carbopalladation-annulation of 3-(2-iodobenzyl)-indoles and alkynes. A remarkable base effect on the chemoselectivity of this transformation has been found: switching from Et(3)N to CsOAc completely reverses the reaction path to intramolecular cyclization forming fused five-membered rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Chernyak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - David Tilly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Zhou Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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40
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Shi Z, Ding S, Cui Y, Jiao N. A palladium-catalyzed oxidative cycloaromatization of biaryls with alkynes using molecular oxygen as the oxidant. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:7895-8. [PMID: 19739185 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200903975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
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41
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Shi Z, Ding S, Cui Y, Jiao N. A Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidative Cycloaromatization of Biaryls with Alkynes Using Molecular Oxygen as the Oxidant. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200903975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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42
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Chandra A, Singh B, Khanna RS, Singh RM. Copper-Free Palladium-Catalyzed Sonogashira Coupling−Annulation: Efficient One-Pot Synthesis of Functionalized Pyrano[4,3-b]quinolines from 2-Chloro-3-formylquinolines. J Org Chem 2009; 74:5664-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jo900606j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atish Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221 005, U.P., India
| | - Bhawana Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221 005, U.P., India
| | - Ranjana S. Khanna
- Department of Chemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221 005, U.P., India
| | - Radhey M. Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221 005, U.P., India
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43
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44
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Durandetti M, Hardou L, Clément M, Maddaluno J. Heterocyclization by catalytic carbonickelation of alkynes: a domino sequence involving vinylnickels. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:4753-5. [DOI: 10.1039/b902095k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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Heller ST, Natarajan SR. Rapid access to pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridines via alkyne annulation: limitations of steric control in nickel-catalyzed alkyne insertions. Org Lett 2007; 9:4947-50. [PMID: 17979276 DOI: 10.1021/ol701784w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Polyfunctionalized pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridines were readily prepared by the annulation of alkynes with tert-butyl 4-iodopyrazolocarboximines. The reaction was found to be catalyzed by both NiBr2(PPh3)2/Zn or PdCl2(PhCN)2 to yield complex heterocycles in good to moderate yields. Annulation using nickel catalysis was found to be regio-random, implying that steric control in nickel-catalyzed alkyne insertion has limitations based on the character of the Ni-C bond in the pre-insertion complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T Heller
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA.
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46
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Zhang D, Liu Z, Yum EK, Larock RC. Synthesis of Indenes by the Transition Metal-Mediated Carboannulation of Alkynes. J Org Chem 2006; 72:251-62. [PMID: 17194107 DOI: 10.1021/jo0620563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of highly substituted indenes has been achieved by three different transition metal-mediated methods. The first method involves the palladium-catalyzed carboannulation of internal alkynes. The second method utilizes a two-step approach, which involves first the palladium/copper-catalyzed cross-coupling of terminal alkynes with appropriately functionalized aryl halides, followed by copper-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization. The third method involves intermolecular palladium-catalyzed arylation of the arylalkynes formed in the first step of the second method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daohua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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47
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilson Zeni
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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48
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49
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Zhang D, Yum EK, Liu Z, Larock RC. Synthesis of Indenes by the Palladium-Catalyzed Carboannulation of Internal Alkynes. Org Lett 2005; 7:4963-6. [PMID: 16235933 DOI: 10.1021/ol051907a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A number of highly substituted indenes have been prepared in good yields by treating functionally substituted aryl halides with various internal alkynes in the presence of a palladium catalyst. The reaction is believed to proceed by regioselective arylpalladation of the alkyne and subsequent nucleophilic displacement of the palladium in the resulting vinylpalladium intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daohua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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50
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Janosik T, Bergman J, Pelkey ET. Chapter 5.2 Five-membered ring systems: Pyrroles and benzo derivatives. A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE 2003 LITERATURE PRECEDED BY TWO CHAPTERS ON CURRENT HETEROCYCLIC TOPICS 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-6380(05)80048-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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