1
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Czaikowski ME, Anferov SW, Tascher AP, Anderson JS. Electrocatalytic Semihydrogenation of Terminal Alkynes Using Ligand-Based Transfer of Protons and Electrons. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:476-486. [PMID: 38163759 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Alkyne semihydrogenation is a broadly important transformation in chemical synthesis. Here, we introduce an electrochemical method for the selective semihydrogenation of terminal alkynes using a dihydrazonopyrrole Ni complex capable of storing an H2 equivalent (2H+ + 2e-) on the ligand backbone. This method is chemoselective for the semihydrogenation of terminal alkynes over internal alkynes or alkenes. Mechanistic studies reveal that the transformation is concerted and Z-selective. Calculations support a ligand-based hydrogen-atom transfer pathway instead of a hydride mechanism, which is commonly invoked for transition metal hydrogenation catalysts. The synthesis of the proposed intermediates demonstrates that the catalytic mechanism proceeds through a reduced formal Ni(I) species. The high yields for terminal alkene products without over-reduction or oligomerization are among the best reported for any homogeneous catalyst. Furthermore, the metal-ligand cooperative hydrogen transfer enabled with this system directs the efficient flow of H atom equivalents toward alkyne reduction rather than hydrogen evolution, providing a blueprint for applying similar strategies toward a wide range of electroreductive transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maia E Czaikowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Sophie W Anferov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Alex P Tascher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - John S Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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2
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Ourari A, Aggoun D, Karce HE, Berenguer R, Morallon E, Lanez T, Ouennoughi Y. Electrochemistry and study of indirect electrocatalytic properties of a novel organometallic Schiff base nickel(II) complex. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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3
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Wu X, Gannett CN, Liu J, Zeng R, Novaes LFT, Wang H, Abruña HD, Lin S. Intercepting Hydrogen Evolution with Hydrogen-Atom Transfer: Electron-Initiated Hydrofunctionalization of Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:17783-17791. [PMID: 36137298 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen-atom transfer mediated by earth-abundant transition-metal hydrides (M-Hs) has emerged as a powerful tool in organic synthesis. Current methods to generate M-Hs most frequently rely on oxidatively initiated hydride transfer. Herein, we report a reductive approach to generate Co-H, which allows for canonical hydrogen evolution reactions to be intercepted by hydrogen-atom transfer to an alkene. Electroanalytical and spectroscopic studies provided mechanistic insights into the formation and reactivity of Co-H, which enabled the development of two new alkene hydrofunctionalization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Cara N Gannett
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jinjian Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Rui Zeng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Luiz F T Novaes
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Hongsen Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Héctor D Abruña
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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4
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Zaera F. Designing Sites in Heterogeneous Catalysis: Are We Reaching Selectivities Competitive With Those of Homogeneous Catalysts? Chem Rev 2022; 122:8594-8757. [PMID: 35240777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A critical review of different prominent nanotechnologies adapted to catalysis is provided, with focus on how they contribute to the improvement of selectivity in heterogeneous catalysis. Ways to modify catalytic sites range from the use of the reversible or irreversible adsorption of molecular modifiers to the immobilization or tethering of homogeneous catalysts and the development of well-defined catalytic sites on solid surfaces. The latter covers methods for the dispersion of single-atom sites within solid supports as well as the use of complex nanostructures, and it includes the post-modification of materials via processes such as silylation and atomic layer deposition. All these methodologies exhibit both advantages and limitations, but all offer new avenues for the design of catalysts for specific applications. Because of the high cost of most nanotechnologies and the fact that the resulting materials may exhibit limited thermal or chemical stability, they may be best aimed at improving the selective synthesis of high value-added chemicals, to be incorporated in organic synthesis schemes, but other applications are being explored as well to address problems in energy production, for instance, and to design greener chemical processes. The details of each of these approaches are discussed, and representative examples are provided. We conclude with some general remarks on the future of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Zaera
- Department of Chemistry and UCR Center for Catalysis, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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5
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Ma C, Fang P, Liu D, Jiao KJ, Gao PS, Qiu H, Mei TS. Transition metal-catalyzed organic reactions in undivided electrochemical cells. Chem Sci 2021; 12:12866-12873. [PMID: 34745519 PMCID: PMC8514006 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04011a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed organic electrochemistry is a rapidly growing research area owing in part to the ability of metal catalysts to alter the selectivity of a given transformation. This conversion mainly focuses on transition metal-catalyzed anodic oxidation and cathodic reduction and great progress has been achieved in both areas. Typically, only one of the half-cell reactions is involved in the organic reaction while a sacrificial reaction occurs at the counter electrode, which is inherently wasteful since one electrode is not being used productively. Recently, transition metal-catalyzed paired electrolysis that makes use of both anodic oxidation and cathodic reduction has attracted much attention. This perspective highlights the recent progress of each type of electrochemical reaction and relatively focuses on the transition metal-catalyzed paired electrolysis, showcasing that electrochemical reactions involving transition metal catalysis have advantages over conventional reactions in terms of controlling the reaction activity and selectivity and figuring out that transition metal-catalyzed paired electrolysis is an important direction of organic electrochemistry in the future and offers numerous opportunities for new and improved organic reaction methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Ping Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Ke-Jin Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Pei-Sen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Hui Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Tian-Sheng Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
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6
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Gafurov ZN, Kantyukov AO, Kagilev AA, Sinyashin OG, Yakhvarov DG. Electrochemical methods for synthesis and in situ generation of organometallic compounds. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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7
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Novaes LFT, Liu J, Shen Y, Lu L, Meinhardt JM, Lin S. Electrocatalysis as an enabling technology for organic synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:7941-8002. [PMID: 34060564 PMCID: PMC8294342 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00223f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 130.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemistry has recently gained increased attention as a versatile strategy for achieving challenging transformations at the forefront of synthetic organic chemistry. Electrochemistry's unique ability to generate highly reactive radical and radical ion intermediates in a controlled fashion under mild conditions has inspired the development of a number of new electrochemical methodologies for the preparation of valuable chemical motifs. Particularly, recent developments in electrosynthesis have featured an increased use of redox-active electrocatalysts to further enhance control over the selective formation and downstream reactivity of these reactive intermediates. Furthermore, electrocatalytic mediators enable synthetic transformations to proceed in a manner that is mechanistically distinct from purely chemical methods, allowing for the subversion of kinetic and thermodynamic obstacles encountered in conventional organic synthesis. This review highlights key innovations within the past decade in the area of synthetic electrocatalysis, with emphasis on the mechanisms and catalyst design principles underpinning these advancements. A host of oxidative and reductive electrocatalytic methodologies are discussed and are grouped according to the classification of the synthetic transformation and the nature of the electrocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz F T Novaes
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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8
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Zhang W, Lin S. Electroreductive Carbofunctionalization of Alkenes with Alkyl Bromides via a Radical-Polar Crossover Mechanism. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:20661-20670. [PMID: 33231074 PMCID: PMC7951757 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemistry grants direct access to reactive intermediates (radicals and ions) in a controlled fashion toward selective organic transformations. This feature has been demonstrated in a variety of alkene functionalization reactions, most of which proceed via an anodic oxidation pathway. In this report, we further expand the scope of electrochemistry to the reductive functionalization of alkenes. In particular, the strategic choice of reagents and reaction conditions enabled a radical-polar crossover pathway wherein two distinct electrophiles can be added across an alkene in a highly chemo- and regioselective fashion. Specifically, we used this strategy in the intermolecular carboformylation, anti-Markovnikov hydroalkylation, and carbocarboxylation of alkenes-reactions with rare precedents in the literature-by means of the electroreductive generation of alkyl radical and carbanion intermediates. These reactions employ readily available starting materials (alkyl halides, alkenes, etc.) and simple, transition-metal-free conditions and display broad substrate scope and good tolerance of functional groups. A uniform protocol can be used to achieve all three transformations by simply altering the reaction medium. This development provides a new avenue for constructing Csp3-Csp3 bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Daniel Little
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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10
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Song L, Fu N, Ernst BG, Lee WH, Frederick MO, DiStasio RA, Lin S. Dual electrocatalysis enables enantioselective hydrocyanation of conjugated alkenes. Nat Chem 2020; 12:747-754. [PMID: 32601407 PMCID: PMC7390704 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-0469-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chiral nitriles and their derivatives are prevalent in pharmaceuticals and bioactive compounds. Enantioselective alkene hydrocyanation represents a convenient and efficient approach for synthesizing these molecules. However, a generally applicable method featuring a broad substrate scope and high functional group tolerance remains elusive. Here, we address this long-standing synthetic problem using dual electrocatalysis. Using this strategy, we leverage electrochemistry to seamlessly combine two canonical radical reactions—cobalt-mediated hydrogen-atom transfer and copper-promoted radical cyanation—to accomplish highly enantioselective hydrocyanation without the need for stoichiometric oxidants. We also harness electrochemistry’s unique feature of precise potential control to optimize the chemoselectivity of challenging substrates. Computational analysis uncovers the origin of enantio-induction, for which the chiral catalyst imparts a combination of attractive and repulsive non-covalent interactions to direct the enantio-determining C–CN bond formation. This work demonstrates the power of electrochemistry in accessing new chemical space and providing solutions to pertinent challenges in synthetic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Song
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Niankai Fu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Brian G Ernst
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Wai Hang Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Michael O Frederick
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Robert A DiStasio
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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11
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Lamb KJ, Dowsett MR, North M, Parker RR, Whitwood AC. Unprecedented reductive cyclisation of salophen ligands to tetrahydroquinoxalines during metal complex formation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:4844-4847. [PMID: 32236256 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01192d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of novel tetrahydroquinoxalines by a metal induced one-electron reductive cyclisation of salophen ligands was found to occur when a salophen ligand was treated with chromium(ii) chloride or decamethylcobaltocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie J Lamb
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
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12
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Torabi S, Jamshidi M, Amooshahi P, Mehrdadian M, Khazalpour S. Transition metal-catalyzed electrochemical processes for C–C bond formation. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03450a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive electro-organometallic review has been carried out on C–C bond formation via variety of metals between 1984 and 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Torabi
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Bu-Ali Sina University
- Hamedan 65178-38683
- Iran
| | - Mahdi Jamshidi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology
- School of Pharmacy
- Hamadan University of Medical Sciences
- Hamadan
- Iran
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13
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Perkins RJ, Hughes AJ, Weix DJ, Hansen EC. Metal-Reductant-Free Electrochemical Nickel-Catalyzed Couplings of Aryl and Alkyl Bromides in Acetonitrile. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Perkins
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Alexander J. Hughes
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Daniel J. Weix
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Eric C. Hansen
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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14
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Lian F, Xu K, Meng W, Zhang H, Tan Z, Zeng C. Nickel-catalyzed electrochemical reductive decarboxylative coupling of N-hydroxyphthalimide esters with quinoxalinones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:14685-14688. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07840a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The first example of electrochemically enabled, NiCl2-catalyzed reductive decarboxylative coupling of N-hydroxyphthalimide esters with quinoxalinones was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Lian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology
- College of Life Science & Bioengineering
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing 100124
- China
| | - Kun Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology
- College of Life Science & Bioengineering
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing 100124
- China
| | - Wei Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology
- College of Life Science & Bioengineering
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing 100124
- China
| | - Haonan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology
- College of Life Science & Bioengineering
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing 100124
- China
| | - Zhoumei Tan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology
- College of Life Science & Bioengineering
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing 100124
- China
| | - Chengchu Zeng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology
- College of Life Science & Bioengineering
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing 100124
- China
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S. Sauer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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16
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Kurahashi T. Drastic Redox Shift and Electronic Structural Changes of a Manganese(III)-Salen Oxidation Catalyst upon Reaction with Hydroxide and Cyanide Ion. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:1066-1078. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kurahashi
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
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17
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Sengmany S, Ollivier A, Le Gall E, Léonel E. A mild electroassisted synthesis of (hetero)arylphosphonates. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:4495-4500. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00500a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The first example of a nickel-catalyzed electrochemical coupling between dimethyl phosphite and (hetero)aryl halides to furnish (hetero)arylphosphonates is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Sengmany
- Électrochimie et Synthèse Organique
- Université Paris Est
- ICMPE (UMR 7182)
- CNRS
- UPEC
| | - Anthony Ollivier
- Électrochimie et Synthèse Organique
- Université Paris Est
- ICMPE (UMR 7182)
- CNRS
- UPEC
| | - Erwan Le Gall
- Électrochimie et Synthèse Organique
- Université Paris Est
- ICMPE (UMR 7182)
- CNRS
- UPEC
| | - Eric Léonel
- Électrochimie et Synthèse Organique
- Université Paris Est
- ICMPE (UMR 7182)
- CNRS
- UPEC
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18
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Yan M, Kawamata Y, Baran PS. Synthetic Organic Electrochemical Methods Since 2000: On the Verge of a Renaissance. Chem Rev 2017; 117:13230-13319. [PMID: 28991454 PMCID: PMC5786875 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1932] [Impact Index Per Article: 276.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemistry represents one of the most intimate ways of interacting with molecules. This review discusses advances in synthetic organic electrochemistry since 2000. Enabling methods and synthetic applications are analyzed alongside innate advantages as well as future challenges of electroorganic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Phil S. Baran
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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19
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Li C, Kawamata Y, Nakamura H, Vantourout JC, Liu Z, Hou Q, Bao D, Starr JT, Chen J, Yan M, Baran PS. Electrochemically Enabled, Nickel-Catalyzed Amination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:13088-13093. [PMID: 28834098 PMCID: PMC5792186 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Along with amide bond formation, Suzuki cross-coupling, and reductive amination, the Buchwald-Hartwig-Ullmann-type amination of aryl halides stands as one of the most employed reactions in modern medicinal chemistry. The work herein demonstrates the potential of utilizing electrochemistry to provide a complementary avenue to access such critical bonds using an inexpensive nickel catalyst under mild reaction conditions. Of note is the scalability, functional-group tolerance, rapid rate, and the ability to employ a variety of aryl donors (Ar-Cl, Ar-Br, Ar-I, Ar-OTf), amine types (primary and secondary), and even alternative X-H donors (alcohols and amides).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Yu Kawamata
- The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Hugh Nakamura
- The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Julien C Vantourout
- The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Zhiqing Liu
- Asymchem Laboratories (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Qinglong Hou
- Asymchem Laboratories (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Denghui Bao
- Asymchem Laboratories (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Jeremy T Starr
- Discovery Sciences, Medicine Design, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, CT, 06340, USA
| | - Jinshan Chen
- Discovery Sciences, Medicine Design, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, CT, 06340, USA
| | - Ming Yan
- The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Phil S Baran
- The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
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20
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Li C, Kawamata Y, Nakamura H, Vantourout JC, Liu Z, Hou Q, Bao D, Starr JT, Chen J, Yan M, Baran PS. Electrochemically Enabled, Nickel-Catalyzed Amination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI); North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Yu Kawamata
- The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI); North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Hugh Nakamura
- The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI); North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Julien C. Vantourout
- The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI); North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Zhiqing Liu
- Asymchem Laboratories (Tianjin) Co., Ltd.; TEDA; Tianjin 300457 P. R. China
| | - Qinglong Hou
- Asymchem Laboratories (Tianjin) Co., Ltd.; TEDA; Tianjin 300457 P. R. China
| | - Denghui Bao
- Asymchem Laboratories (Tianjin) Co., Ltd.; TEDA; Tianjin 300457 P. R. China
| | - Jeremy T. Starr
- Discovery Sciences; Medicine Design; Pfizer Global Research and Development; Groton CT 06340 USA
| | - Jinshan Chen
- Discovery Sciences; Medicine Design; Pfizer Global Research and Development; Groton CT 06340 USA
| | - Ming Yan
- The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI); North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Phil S. Baran
- The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI); North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
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21
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Wang D, Zheng Y, Yang M, Zhang F, Mao F, Yu J, Xia X. Room-temperature Cu-catalyzed N-arylation of aliphatic amines in neat water. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:8009-8012. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02126g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A room-temperature copper-catalyzed N-arylation of aliphatic amines with great selectivity and substrate scope tolerance in neat water has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deping Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Hengyang Normal University
- Hengyang 421008
- China
| | - Yanwen Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Hengyang Normal University
- Hengyang 421008
- China
| | - Min Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
| | - Fuxing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Hengyang Normal University
- Hengyang 421008
- China
| | - Fangfang Mao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Hengyang Normal University
- Hengyang 421008
- China
| | - Jiangxi Yu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Hengyang Normal University
- Hengyang 421008
- China
| | - Xiaohong Xia
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
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22
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Applicability of a Polymerized Ionic Liquid/Carbon Nanoparticle Composite Electrolyte to Reductive Cyclization and Dimerization Reactions. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Sun G, Ren S, Zhu X, Huang M, Wan Y. Direct Arylation of Pyrroles via Indirect Electroreductive C–H Functionalization Using Perylene Bisimide as an Electron-Transfer Mediator. Org Lett 2016; 18:544-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoquan Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. of China
| | - Shuya Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. of China
| | - Xinhai Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. of China
| | - Manna Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. of China
| | - Yiqian Wan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. of China
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24
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Saini AK, Kumari P, Sharma V, Mathur P, Mobin SM. Varying structural motifs in the salen based metal complexes of Co(ii), Ni(ii) and Cu(ii): synthesis, crystal structures, molecular dynamics and biological activities. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:19096-19108. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03573f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Four new metal complexes which demonstrates varying structural motifs from monomeric to dimeric to tetrameric complexes by slightly altering the reaction conditions and their biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Kumar Saini
- Discipline of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore
- Indore 453552
- India
| | - Pratibha Kumari
- Centre for Biosciences and Bio-Medical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore
- Indore 453552
- India
| | - Vinay Sharma
- Centre for Biosciences and Bio-Medical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore
- Indore 453552
- India
| | - Pradeep Mathur
- Discipline of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore
- Indore 453552
- India
| | - Shaikh M. Mobin
- Discipline of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore
- Indore 453552
- India
- Centre for Biosciences and Bio-Medical Engineering
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25
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Directed assembly of cobalt(II) 1-H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid coordination networks by bipyridine and its derivatives: structural versatility, electrochemical properties, and antifungal activity. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-015-0792-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Turygin VV, Tomilov AP. Possible trends in the development of applied electrochemical synthesis of organic compounds (Review). RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193515110191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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27
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Wang D, Kuang D, Zhang F, Liu Y, Ning S. Ligand free copper-catalyzed N-arylation of heteroarylamines. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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28
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Dudkina Y, Khrizanforov M, Gryaznova T, Budnikova Y. Prospects of synthetic electrochemistry in the development of new methods of electrocatalytic fluoroalkylation. J Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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29
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Francke R, Little RD. Redox catalysis in organic electrosynthesis: basic principles and recent developments. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:2492-521. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60464k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1071] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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30
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Francke R, Little RD. Optimizing electron transfer mediators based on arylimidazoles by ring fusion: synthesis, electrochemistry, and computational analysis of 2-aryl-1-methylphenanthro[9,10-d]imidazoles. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 136:427-35. [PMID: 24328337 DOI: 10.1021/ja410865z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A significant improvement of the properties of redox catalysts based on the triarylimidazole framework can be achieved with a simple structural modification. By linking the ortho-carbons of the aromatics positioned at C-4 and C-5, a fused framework is generated, removing the distortion from planarity and enhancing the influence of the substituents on the redox properties. This modification leads not only to a much broader range of available redox potentials for the resulting phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazoles but also to improved stability of the corresponding radical cation. These concepts were verified with eight new phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole derivatives, using cyclic voltammetry and DFT calculations. For this purpose, an optimized and general synthetic route to the desired compounds was developed. An excellent linear correlation of the calculated effective ionization potentials with the experimental oxidation potentials was obtained, allowing for an accurate prediction of oxidation potentials of derivatives yet to be synthesized. Moreover, high catalytic activity was found for electro-oxidative C-H activation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Francke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106-9510, United States
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31
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YAMAGUCHI Y, OKADA Y, CHIBA K. Cyclic Voltammetric Studies on Electrocatalytic Intermolecular [2 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions in Lithium Perchlorate/Nitromethane Electrolyte Solution. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.81.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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32
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Zhang NT, Zeng CC, Lam CM, Gbur RK, Little RD. Triarylimidazole Redox Catalysts: Electrochemical Analysis and Empirical Correlations. J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/jo302309m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ni-tao Zhang
- College of Life Science & Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Cheng-chu Zeng
- College of Life Science & Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Chiu Marco Lam
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Randi K. Gbur
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - R. Daniel Little
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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33
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Kitada S, Takahashi M, Yamaguchi Y, Okada Y, Chiba K. Soluble-support-assisted electrochemical reactions: application to anodic disulfide bond formation. Org Lett 2012. [PMID: 23194319 DOI: 10.1021/ol302863r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A soluble-support-assisted technique was successfully applied to electrochemical reactions, leading to anodic disulfide bond formation. The support-bound peptide was soluble in electrolyte solution, allowing electron transfer at the surface of the electrodes. After completion of the reaction, the support-bound product was recovered as a precipitate by simple dilution of the reaction mixture with poor solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Kitada
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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34
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Okada Y, Kamimura K, Chiba K. Cycloalkane-based thermomorphic systems for organic electrochemistry: an application to Kolbe-coupling. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.04.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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35
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Zeng CC, Zhang NT, Lam CM, Little RD. Novel Triarylimidazole Redox Catalysts: Synthesis, Electrochemical Properties, and Applicability to Electrooxidative C–H Activation. Org Lett 2012; 14:1314-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol300195c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-chu Zeng
- College of Life Science & Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China, and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California—Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Ni-tao Zhang
- College of Life Science & Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China, and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California—Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Chiu Marco Lam
- College of Life Science & Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China, and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California—Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - R. Daniel Little
- College of Life Science & Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China, and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California—Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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36
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Kim Y, George D, Prior AM, Prasain K, Hao S, Le DD, Hua DH, Chang KO. Novel triacsin C analogs as potential antivirals against rotavirus infections. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 50:311-8. [PMID: 22365411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently our group has demonstrated that cellular triglyceride (TG) levels play an important role in rotavirus replication. In this study, we further examined the roles of the key enzymes for TG synthesis (lipogenesis) in the replication of rotaviruses by using inhibitors of fatty acid synthase, long chain fatty acid acyl-CoA synthetase (ACSL), and diacylglycerol acyltransferase and acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase in association with lipid droplets of which TG is a major component. Triacsin C, a natural ACSL inhibitor from Streptomyces aureofaciens, was found to be highly effective against rotavirus replication. Thus, novel triacsin C analogs were synthesized and evaluated for their efficacies against the replication of rotaviruses in cells. Many of the analogs significantly reduced rotavirus replication, and one analog (1e) was highly effective at a nanomolar concentration range (ED(50) 0.1μM) with a high therapeutic index in cell culture. Our results suggest a crucial role of lipid metabolism in rotavirus replication, and triacsin C and/or its analogs as potential therapeutic options for rotavirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjeong Kim
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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37
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Feldscher B, Stammler A, Bögge H, Glaser T. Synthesis and characterization of trinuclear square-planar NiII3 and CuII3 complexes of an extended phloroglucinol ligand: Experimental evidence for the relative contributions of benzene-like and radialene-like resonance structures. Polyhedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2011.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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38
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Yang K, Qiu Y, Li Z, Wang Z, Jiang S. Ligands for Copper-Catalyzed C−N Bond Forming Reactions with 1 Mol% CuBr as Catalyst. J Org Chem 2011; 76:3151-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo1026035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou, Institute of Biomedicine and Health, CAS, Guangzhou, 510663, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yatao Qiu
- Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou, Institute of Biomedicine and Health, CAS, Guangzhou, 510663, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Li
- The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Jiang
- Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou, Institute of Biomedicine and Health, CAS, Guangzhou, 510663, People's Republic of China
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39
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Zeng X, Huang W, Qiu Y, Jiang S. An efficient copper-catalyzed synthesis of anilines by employing aqueous ammonia. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:8224-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06208e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Radicals in transition metal catalyzed reactions? transition metal catalyzed radical reactions?: a fruitful interplay anyway: part 3: catalysis by group 10 and 11 elements and bimetallic catalysis. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2011; 320:323-451. [PMID: 22143611 DOI: 10.1007/128_2011_288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the current status of transition metal catalyzed reactions involving radical intermediates in organic chemistry. This part focuses on radical-based methods catalyzed by group 10 and group 11 metal complexes. Reductive and redox-neutral C-C bond formations catalyzed by low-valent metal complexes as well as catalytic oxidative methods are reviewed. Catalytic processes which rely on the combination of two metal complexes are also covered.
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41
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Velauthamurty K, Higgins SJ, Rajapakse RG, Bandara H, Shimomura M. Synthesis and characterization of monomeric and polymeric Cu(II) complexes of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-functionalized with cyclam ligand. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.08.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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42
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Electrochemistry of substituted salen complexes of nickel(II): Nickel(I)-catalyzed reduction of alkyl and acetylenic halides. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2010.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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43
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Ho CY. Cyanative alkene–aldehyde coupling: Ni(0)–NHC–Et2AlCN mediated chromanol synthesis with high cis-selectivity at room temperature. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:466-8. [DOI: 10.1039/b918626c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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44
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Bateni SB, England KR, Galatti AT, Kaur H, Mendiola VA, Mitchell AR, Vu MH, Gherman BF, Miranda JA. Prediction of reduction potentials from calculated electron affinities for metal-salen compounds. Beilstein J Org Chem 2009; 5:82. [PMID: 20300473 PMCID: PMC2839914 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.5.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2009] [Accepted: 12/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The electron affinities (EAs) of a training set of 19 metal-salen compounds were calculated using density functional theory. Concurrently, the experimental reduction potentials for the training set were measured using cyclic voltammetry. The EAs and reduction potentials were found to be linearly correlated by metal. The reduction potentials of a test set of 14 different metal-salens were then measured and compared to the predicted reduction potentials based upon the training set correlation. The method was found to work well, with a mean unsigned error of 99 mV for the entire test set. This method could be used to predict the reduction potentials of a variety of metal-salen compounds, an important class of coordination compounds used in synthetic organic electrochemistry as electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B Bateni
- Department of Chemistry, California State University, Sacramento, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA 95819-6057, USA
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45
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Zhong W, Little RD. Exploration and determination of the redox properties of the pseudopterosin class of marine natural products. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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46
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Wang D, Ding K. 2-Pyridinyl β-ketones as new ligands for room-temperature CuI-catalysed C–N coupling reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:1891-3. [DOI: 10.1039/b821212k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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47
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Ji C, Day SE, Silvers WC. Catalytic reduction of 1- and 2-bromooctanes by a dinickel(I) Schiff base complex containing two salen units electrogenerated at carbon cathodes in dimethylformamide. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2008.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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48
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Voelcker NH, Alfonso I, Ghadiri MR. Catalyzed Oxidative Corrosion of Porous Silicon Used as an Optical Transducer for Ligand–Receptor Interactions. Chembiochem 2008; 9:1776-86. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200800119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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49
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Raess PW, Mubarak MS, Ischay MA, Foley MP, Jennermann TB, Raghavachari K, Peters DG. Catalytic reduction of 1-iodooctane by nickel(I) salen electrogenerated at carbon cathodes in dimethylformamide: Effects of added proton donors and a mechanism involving both metal- and ligand-centered one-electron reduction of nickel(II) salen. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2007.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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50
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Duñach E, José Medeiros M, Olivero S. Intramolecular reductive cyclisations using electrochemistry: development of environmentally friendly synthetic methodologies. NEW J CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1039/b608228a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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