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Ochmann L, Kessler ML, Schreiner PR. Alkylphosphinites as Synthons for Stabilized Carbocations. Org Lett 2022; 24:1460-1464. [PMID: 35147036 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We present a new acid-free method for the generation of carbocations based on a redox condensation reaction that enables SN1 reactions with a variety of nucleophiles. We utilize readily synthesized phosphinites that are activated by diisopropyl azodicarboxylate to form betaine structures that collapse upon adding a pronucleophile, thereby yielding reactive carbocation intermediates. We also employ this approach for the alkylation of some bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Ochmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Mika L Kessler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter R Schreiner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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2
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Bauer JO, Koschabek S, Falk A. Interplay of Hydrogen and Halogen Bonding in the Crystal Structures of 2,6‐Dihalogenated Phenols. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan O. Bauer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie Universität Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 D-93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Sarah Koschabek
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie Universität Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 D-93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Alexander Falk
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie Universität Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 D-93053 Regensburg Germany
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3
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Pokluda A, Kohout M, Chudoba J, Krupička M, Cibulka R. Nitrosobenzene: Reagent for the Mitsunobu Esterification Reaction. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:5012-5018. [PMID: 31459682 PMCID: PMC6648318 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nitrosobenzene has been demonstrated to participate in the Mitsunobu reaction in an analogous manner to dialkyl azodicarboxylates. The protocol using nitrosobenzene and triphenylphosphine (1:1) under mild conditions (0 °C) provides the ester derivatives of aliphatic and aromatic acids using various alcohols in moderate yield and with good enantioselectivity, giving the desired products predominantly with an inversion of configuration. The proposed mechanism, which is analogous to that observed using dialkyl azodicarboxylates, involves a nitrosobenzene-triphenylphosphine adduct and an alkoxytriphenylphosphonium ion and was supported by density functional theory calculations, 31P NMR spectroscopy, and experiments conducted with isotopically labeled substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Pokluda
- Department
of Organic Chemistry and Central Laboratories, University
of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kohout
- Department
of Organic Chemistry and Central Laboratories, University
of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Chudoba
- Department
of Organic Chemistry and Central Laboratories, University
of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Krupička
- Department
of Organic Chemistry and Central Laboratories, University
of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Cibulka
- Department
of Organic Chemistry and Central Laboratories, University
of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
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4
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Gerhardt V, Bolte M. Cocrystals of 2,6-dichloroaniline and 2,6-dichlorophenol plus three new pseudopolymorphs of their coformers. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2015; 71:804-13. [PMID: 26322614 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229615015119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The structures of cocrystals of 2,6-dichlorophenol with 2,4-diamino-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazine, C6H4Cl2O·C4H7N5, (III), and 2,6-dichloroaniline with 2,6-diaminopyrimidin-4(3H)-one and N,N-dimethylacetamide, C6H5Cl2N·C4H6N4O·C4H9NO, (V), plus three new pseudopolymorphs of their coformers, namely 2,4-diamino-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazine-N,N-dimethylacetamide (1/1), C4H7N5·C4H9NO, (I), 2,4-diamino-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazine-N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one (1/1), C4H7N5·C5H9NO, (II), and 6-aminoisocytosine-N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one (1/1), C4H6N4O·C5H9NO, (IV), are reported. Both 2,6-dichlorophenol and 2,6-dichloroaniline are capable of forming definite synthon motifs, which usually lead to either two- or three-dimensional crystal-packing arrangements. Thus, the two isomorphous pseudopolymorphs of 2,4-diamino-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazine, i.e. (I) and (II), form a three-dimensional network, while the N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one solvate of 6-aminoisocytosine, i.e. (IV), displays two-dimensional layers. On the basis of these results, attempts to cocrystallize 2,6-dichlorophenol with 2,4-diamino-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazine, (III), and 2,6-dichloroaniline with 6-aminoisocytosine, (V), yielded two-dimensional networks, whereby in cocrystal (III) the overall structure is a consequence of the interaction between the two compounds. By comparison, cocrystal-solvate (V) is mainly built by 6-aminoisocytosine forming layers, with 2,6-dichloroaniline and the solvent molecules arranged between the layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeska Gerhardt
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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5
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Camp D, Harvey PJ, Jenkins ID. The effect of solvent polarity on the rate of the Mitsunobu esterification reaction. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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6
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Tsakos M, Schaffert ES, Clement LL, Villadsen NL, Poulsen TB. Ester coupling reactions – an enduring challenge in the chemical synthesis of bioactive natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2015; 32:605-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c4np00106k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this review we investigate the use of complex ester fragment couplings within natural product total syntheses. Using examples from the literature up to 2014 we illustrate the state-of-the-art as well as the challenges within this area of organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail Tsakos
- Chemical Biology Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- Aarhus C
- Denmark
| | - Eva S. Schaffert
- Chemical Biology Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- Aarhus C
- Denmark
| | - Lise L. Clement
- Chemical Biology Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- Aarhus C
- Denmark
| | - Nikolaj L. Villadsen
- Chemical Biology Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- Aarhus C
- Denmark
| | - Thomas B. Poulsen
- Chemical Biology Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- Aarhus C
- Denmark
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7
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Balakrishna MS, Suresh D, Ananthnag GS, Mague JT. Quaternization and oxidation reactions of cyclodiphosphazane derivatives and their copper(I) and gold(I) complexes. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:8835-48. [PMID: 24780926 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt00801d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of cyclodiphosphazane derivatives cis-{(t)BuN(H)P(μ-N(t)Bu)2PN(H)(t)Bu} (1), cis-{MeN(C4H8N)P(μ-N(t)Bu)2P(NC4H8Me)} (2) and {(Me2NCH2CH2O)P(μ-N(t)Bu)2P(OCH2CH2NMe2)} (3) with methyl iodide and methyl triflate and their subsequent reactions with elemental sulfur and selenium are reported. Interestingly, the reactions of 1-3 with an excess of methyl iodide resulted in quaternising only one phosphorus atom in cis-[{(t)BuNHP(μ-N(t)Bu)2P(CH3)NH(t)Bu}](I) (4), two exocyclic nitrogen atoms and one of the phosphorus atoms in cis-{(Me2NC4H8N)P(μ-N(t)Bu)2P(CH3)(NC4H8NMe2)}](I)3 (7) and only two exocyclic nitrogen atoms in cis-[{(Me3NCH2CH2O)P(μ-N(t)Bu)2P(OCH2CH2NMe3)}](I)2 (8). The reaction of 1 with one equiv. of methyl triflate produced cis-[{(t)BuN(H)P(μ-N(t)Bu)2P(CH3)N(H)(t)Bu}]OTf (5), whereas the same reaction in a 1 : 2 molar ratio afforded cis-{(t)BuN(H)P(CH3)(μ-N(t)Bu)2P(CH3)N(H)(t)Bu}(OTf)2 (6). Compounds 4 and 5 showed poor solubility in water, whereas 7 and 8 were high melting crystalline solids with moderate to good water solubility. Treatment of 4 with either elemental sulfur or selenium gave both cis- and trans-chalcogenide derivatives. Similar reactions of 7 and 8 produced both mono- and bischalcogenides. Reactions between 4 or 7 and CuI yielded dinuclear complexes, cis-[{Cu2(μ-I)3((t)BuN(H)P)(μ-N(t)Bu)2(P(CH3)N(H)(t)Bu)]2}(I)] (15) and cis-[{Cu2(μ-I)3[(Me2NC4H8N)P(μ-N(t)Bu)2P(CH3)(NC4H8NMe2)]2}(I)5] (16), while the reaction of 8 with CuI produced a coordination polymer [{Cu2(μ-I)3(μ-N(t)BuP)2(OCH2CH2NMe3)2}I]∞ (17), containing triiodo-bridged [Cu2(μ-I)3] linkers. The molecular structures of several of these compounds were confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The Cu(I)···Cu(I) distance of 2.55 Å in 15 is quite short and is the same as that found in copper metal and also in complexes containing [Cu2(μ-I)3] linkers. All the metal complexes exhibit strong intra-, inter- or both intra- and inter-molecular hydrogen bonding interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maravanji S Balakrishna
- Phosphorus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India.
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8
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Gangadhararao G, Kumara Swamy K. Unusual nitrogen based heterocycles via allenic intermediates from the reaction of propargyl alcohols with P(III) substrates. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Yamamura M, Kano N, Kawashima T. Control of the Equilibrium between 2-Phosphinoazobenzenes and Inner Phosphonium Salts by Heat, Solvent, Acid, and Photoirradiation. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2012. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20110259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Yamamura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo
| | - Naokazu Kano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo
| | - Takayuki Kawashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo
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Cyclodiphosph(III)azane chemistry – Ylides from the reaction of [(RNH)P-N(t-Bu)]2 [R=t-Bu, i-Pr] with dimethyl maleate and chiral ansa-type derivatives from reaction of [ClP-N(t-Bu)]2 with a substituted BINOL. Inorganica Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2010.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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Kumara Swamy K, Gangadhararao G, Rama Suresh R, Bhuvan Kumar N, Chakravarty M. Exploring organic reactions using simple cyclodiphosphazanes. J Organomet Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2009.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Tapia-Benavides AR, Mendoza-Huizar LH, Pérez-García F, Tlahuext H, Alvarez A, Tlahuextl M. Do Spiroarsoranes Exhibit Polytopal Equilibrium in Solution? Inorg Chem 2010; 49:1496-502. [DOI: 10.1021/ic901740d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio R. Tapia-Benavides
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, 42184 Hidalgo, México
| | - Luis H. Mendoza-Huizar
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, 42184 Hidalgo, México
| | - Francisco Pérez-García
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, 42184 Hidalgo, México
| | - Hugo Tlahuext
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, 62100 Morelos, México
| | - Alejandro Alvarez
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, 42184 Hidalgo, México
| | - Margarita Tlahuextl
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, 42184 Hidalgo, México
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Balakrishna MS, Venkateswaran R, Mague JT. Transition metal chemistry of cyclodiphosphanes containing phosphine and amide-phosphine functionalities: Formation of a stable dipalladium(II) complex containing a Pd–P σ-bond. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:11149-62. [PMID: 20936211 DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00614a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maravanji S Balakrishna
- Phosphorus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400 076, India, 3480.
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14
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Rama Suresh R, Kumara Swamy K. An inexpensive cyclodiphosphazane as an efficient ligand for the palladium-catalyzed amination of aryl bromides and chlorides. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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15
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Swamy KCK, Kumar NNB, Balaraman E, Kumar KVPP. Mitsunobu and Related Reactions: Advances and Applications. Chem Rev 2009; 109:2551-651. [PMID: 19382806 DOI: 10.1021/cr800278z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 873] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. C. Kumara Swamy
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad − 500046, A. P., India
| | - N. N. Bhuvan Kumar
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad − 500046, A. P., India
| | - E. Balaraman
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad − 500046, A. P., India
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16
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Chakravarty M, Bhuvan Kumar NN, Sajna KV, Kumara Swamy KC. Allenylphosphonates ― Useful Precursors of Pyrazoles and 1,2,3-Triazoles. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Kojima S, Nakamoto M, Akiba KY. Stereospecific Pseudorotation of Diastereomeric Anti-Apicophilic Spirophosphoranes: A Novel Stereochemical Transformation Involving 10-P-5 Phosphoranes. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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18
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Azzouz R, Fruit C, Bischoff L, Marsais F. A Concise Synthesis of Lentiginosine Derivatives Using a Pyridinium Formation via the Mitsunobu Reaction. J Org Chem 2008; 73:1154-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo702141b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rabah Azzouz
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Fine et Hétérocyclique, CNRS UMR 6014, IRCOF-INSA, Université de Rouen, B.P. 08, 76131 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France ;
| | - Corinne Fruit
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Fine et Hétérocyclique, CNRS UMR 6014, IRCOF-INSA, Université de Rouen, B.P. 08, 76131 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France ;
| | - Laurent Bischoff
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Fine et Hétérocyclique, CNRS UMR 6014, IRCOF-INSA, Université de Rouen, B.P. 08, 76131 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France ;
| | - Francis Marsais
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Fine et Hétérocyclique, CNRS UMR 6014, IRCOF-INSA, Université de Rouen, B.P. 08, 76131 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France ;
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A convenient chromatography-free access to enantiopure 6,6′-di-tert-butyl-1,1′-binaphthalene-2,2′-diol and its 3,3′-dibromo, di-tert-butyl and phosphorus derivatives: utility in asymmetric synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2007.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Bhuvan Kumar N, Kumara Swamy K. Synthesis and structures of cis- and trans-bis(allenyl)cylclodiphosph(V)azanes and a bis(allyl)cyclodiphosph(V)azane. Polyhedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2006.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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21
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Kumara Swamy KC, Balaraman E, Pavan MP, Bhuvan Kumar NN, Praveen Kumar K, Satish Kumar N. Unusual products in the reactions of phosphorus(III) compounds with N=N, C≡C or conjugated double-bonded systems. J CHEM SCI 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02703946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Kumara Swamy K, Balaraman E, Satish Kumar N. Synthesis and utility of new amine/nucleobase addition products of allenylphosphonates. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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23
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Bhuvan Kumar NN, Chakravarty M, Kumara Swamy KC. Structure and reactivity of tautomeric forms of zwitterionic species from the reaction of phosphorus(iii) compounds with electron deficient alkenes and alkynes. NEW J CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1039/b605430g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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