1
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Svatunek D. Computational Organic Chemistry: The Frontier for Understanding and Designing Bioorthogonal Cycloadditions. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2024; 382:17. [PMID: 38727989 PMCID: PMC11087259 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-024-00461-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Computational organic chemistry has become a valuable tool in the field of bioorthogonal chemistry, offering insights and aiding in the progression of this branch of chemistry. In this review, I present an overview of computational work in this field, including an exploration of both the primary computational analysis methods used and their application in the main areas of bioorthogonal chemistry: (3 + 2) and [4 + 2] cycloadditions. In the context of (3 + 2) cycloadditions, detailed studies of electronic effects have informed the evolution of cycloalkyne/1,3-dipole cycloadditions. Through computational techniques, researchers have found ways to adjust the electronic structure via hyperconjugation to enhance reactions without compromising stability. For [4 + 2] cycloadditions, methods such as distortion/interaction analysis and energy decomposition analysis have been beneficial, leading to the development of bioorthogonal reactants with improved reactivity and the creation of orthogonal reaction pairs. To conclude, I touch upon the emerging fields of cheminformatics and machine learning, which promise to play a role in future reaction discovery and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Svatunek
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien (TU Wien), Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
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2
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Cioc RC, Harsevoort E, Lutz M, Bruijnincx PCA. Efficient synthesis of fully renewable, furfural-derived building blocks via formal Diels-Alder cycloaddition of atypical addends. GREEN CHEMISTRY : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL AND GREEN CHEMISTRY RESOURCE : GC 2023; 25:9689-9694. [PMID: 38028818 PMCID: PMC10680129 DOI: 10.1039/d3gc02357e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Diels-Alder (DA) cycloaddition of furanics is emerging as a key transformation in circular chemistry, providing access to highly versatile, biobased platform molecules. Further development of this technology into viable industrial applications faces major challenges, a notorious one being the lack of reactivity of the most readily available furans, i.e. the furfural derivatives. Herein we describe the remarkably-facile intramolecular DA reaction of allyl acetals of different furfurals to efficiently afford formal DA adducts with the atypical, unreactive dienophile allyl alcohol. Our methodology gives access to unprecedented oxanorbornene derivatives in high chemo-, regio- and stereoselectivity, which can be readily diversified into valuable products. This offers the potential of scalable production of renewable chemical building blocks from cheap, bioderived platform molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Răzvan C Cioc
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Eva Harsevoort
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Martin Lutz
- Dr M. Lutz, Structural Biochemistry, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Pieter C A Bruijnincx
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
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3
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Wang Z, Yamazaki S, Mikata Y, Oba M, Takashima H, Morimoto T, Ogawa A. Intramolecular Diels-Alder Reactions of α-Bromostyrene-Functionalized Unsaturated Carboxamides. J Org Chem 2022; 87:11148-11164. [PMID: 35944162 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Intramolecular cycloaddition reactions of α-bromostyrene-functionalized amides of monomethyl fumarate were investigated. The reaction of the amides with Et3N in toluene at 110 °C gave 1,4-dihydronaphthalenes. The 1,4-dihydronaphthalenes may be produced via the intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction, proton transfer, and dehydrobromination by a base, along with C═C bond isomerization by proton transfer. The reaction of amide derivatives with halogen on a benzene ring and alkali metal carbonates in toluene at 110 °C gave naphthalene derivatives directly. Dehydrogenation of various 1,4-dihydronaphthalenes with cesium or rubidium carbonate in toluene at 110 °C gave naphthalene derivatives. The retardation by TEMPO, acceleration by air for some substrates, and density functional theory calculations suggest a radical mechanism caused by intervention of molecular oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-cho 1-1, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Shoko Yamazaki
- Department of Chemistry, Nara University of Education, Takabatake-cho, Nara 630-8528, Japan
| | - Yuji Mikata
- Laboratory for Molecular and Functional Design, Department of Engineering, Nara Women's University Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Miho Oba
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takashima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Tsumoru Morimoto
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Akiya Ogawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-cho 1-1, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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4
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Cioc RC, Crockatt M, van der Waal JC, Bruijnincx PCA. The Interplay between Kinetics and Thermodynamics in Furan Diels-Alder Chemistry for Sustainable Chemicals Production. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202114720. [PMID: 35014138 PMCID: PMC9304315 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Biomass-derived furanic platform molecules have emerged as promising building blocks for renewable chemicals and functional materials. To this aim, the Diels-Alder (DA) cycloaddition stands out as a versatile strategy to convert these renewable resources in highly atom-efficient ways. Despite nearly a century worth of examples of furan DA chemistry, clear structure-reactivity-stability relationships are still to be established. Detailed understanding of the intricate interplay between kinetics and thermodynamics in these very particular [4+2] cycloadditions is essential to push further development and truly expand the scope beyond the ubiquitous addend combinations of electron-rich furans and electron-deficient olefins. Herein, we provide pertinent examples of DA chemistry, taken from various fields, to highlight trends, establish correlations and answer open questions in the field with the aim to support future efforts in the sustainable chemicals and materials production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Răzvan C. Cioc
- Organic Chemistry and CatalysisDebye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceFaculty of ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Marc Crockatt
- Department of Sustainable Process and Energy Systems, TNOLeeghwaterstraat 442628CADelftThe Netherlands
| | - Jan C. van der Waal
- Department of Sustainable Process and Energy Systems, TNOLeeghwaterstraat 442628CADelftThe Netherlands
| | - Pieter C. A. Bruijnincx
- Organic Chemistry and CatalysisDebye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceFaculty of ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
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5
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Puet A, Domínguez G, Pérez-Castells J. Straightforward Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Indanes and Tetralines through Ene-Cyclopropene Rearrangement Mediated by Ruthenium. J Org Chem 2022; 87:2686-2696. [PMID: 35119843 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ene-cyclopropenes give functionalized indanes and tetralines in the presence of ruthenium dimeric catalysts. This reaction involves the cyclopropene opening by the metal catalysts with a different regioselectivity respective to gold chlorides and produces totally different products than when using semisandwich ruthenium complexes. Here, the process leads to a bridged 7-oxanorbornene-type intermediate that is converted into a functionalized aromatic ring through deoxygenative aromatization. Alternative reaction pathways occur with substrates with no possible aromatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Puet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Domínguez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Pérez-Castells
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
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6
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Cioc R, Crockatt M, Van der Waal JC, Bruijnincx P. The Interplay between Kinetics and Thermodynamics in Furan Diels‐Alder Chemistry for Sustainable Chemicals Production. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Razvan Cioc
- Utrecht University: Universiteit Utrecht Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Marc Crockatt
- TNO Sustainable Process and Energy Systems NETHERLANDS
| | | | - Pieter Bruijnincx
- Utrecht University Chemistry Universiteitsweg99Netherlands 3584 CG Utrecht NETHERLANDS
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7
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Li Z, Jiang Y, Li Y, Zhang H, Li H, Yang S. Advances in Diels-Alder/aromatization of biomass furan derivatives towards renewable aromatic hydrocarbons. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy02122b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effective upgrading of renewable resources into high value-added chemicals is of great significance to achieve the sustainable economic development, as well as the implementation of carbon neutral technologies practically....
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8
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Mertsalov DF, Lovtsevich LV, Shelukho ER, Kolesnik IА, Petkevich SK, Potkin VI, Zaytsev VP. Intramolecular Diels–Alder reaction in the synthesis of 5-arylisoxazolylmethyl- and 4,5-dichloroisothiazolylmethyl-3a,6-epoxyisoindol-3-ones. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-021-03018-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Deb T, Tu J, Franzini RM. Mechanisms and Substituent Effects of Metal-Free Bioorthogonal Reactions. Chem Rev 2021; 121:6850-6914. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Titas Deb
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Julian Tu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Raphael M. Franzini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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10
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Liu ZY, Zhang M, Wang XC. Hydrosilylation-Promoted Furan Diels-Alder Cycloadditions with Stereoselectivity Controlled by the Silyl Group. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 142:581-588. [PMID: 31809027 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein we describe an unprecedented B(C6F5)3-catalyzed cascade reaction of N-allyl-N-furfurylamides involving an initial intramolecular furan Diels-Alder reaction and subsequent ether cleavage. The reaction has a broad substrate scope, even tolerating a trialkyl-substituted olefin as the dienophile, which has not previously been observed with conventional furan Diels-Alder reactions. In addition, the relative configuration of the product can be controlled by the choice of the silyl group: reactions involving Et3SiH and iPr3SiH gave different diastereomers. Control experiments and the computational studies revealed that the steric bulk of the silyl group plays a key role in determining the reaction pathway and thus the relative configuration of the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yun Liu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Xiao-Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
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11
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Features of oxa-bridge cleavage in hexahydro-3a,6-epoxyisoindol-1(4H)-ones: A concise method to access acetylisoindolones possessing anti-viral activity. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Gibson SM, D'Oyley JM, Higham JI, Sanders K, Laserna V, Aliev AE, Sheppard TD. Dihalohydration of Alkynols: A Versatile Approach to Diverse Halogenated Molecules. European J Org Chem 2018; 2018:4018-4028. [PMID: 30147439 PMCID: PMC6099344 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we outline how dihalohydration reactions of propargylic alcohols can be used to access a wide variety of useful halogenated building blocks. A novel procedure for dibromohydration of alkynes has been developed, and a selection of dichloro and dibromo diols and cyclic ethers were synthesized. The dihalohydration of homo-propargylic alcohols provides a useful route to 3-halofurans, which were shown to readily undergo cycloaddition reactions under mild conditions. Finally, a novel ring expansion of propargylic alcohols containing a cyclopropylalkyne provides access to halogenated alkenylcyclobutanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M. Gibson
- Christopher Ingold LaboratoriesUniversity College London20 Gordon St, LondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Jarryl M. D'Oyley
- Christopher Ingold LaboratoriesUniversity College London20 Gordon St, LondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Joe I. Higham
- Christopher Ingold LaboratoriesUniversity College London20 Gordon St, LondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Kate Sanders
- Christopher Ingold LaboratoriesUniversity College London20 Gordon St, LondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Victor Laserna
- Christopher Ingold LaboratoriesUniversity College London20 Gordon St, LondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Abil E. Aliev
- Christopher Ingold LaboratoriesUniversity College London20 Gordon St, LondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Tom D. Sheppard
- Christopher Ingold LaboratoriesUniversity College London20 Gordon St, LondonWC1H 0AJUK
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13
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Tao H, Liu F, Zeng R, Shao Z, Zou L, Cao Y, Murphy JM, Houk KN, Liang Y. Origins of halogen effects in bioorthogonal sydnone cycloadditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:5082-5085. [PMID: 29707720 PMCID: PMC5953849 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02128g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Halogen substituents increase sydnone cycloaddition reactivities substantially. Fluoro-sydnones are superior to bromo- and chloro-sydnones, and can achieve extremely high second-order rate constants with strained alkynes. Computational studies have revealed the fluorine substituent increases the reactivity of sydnone mainly by lowering its distortion energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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14
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Riedel S, Maichle-Mössmer C, Maier ME. Intramolecular Diels-Alder Reactions of Tethered Enoate Substituted Furans Induced by Dialkylaluminum Chloride. J Org Chem 2017; 82:12798-12805. [PMID: 29111737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gold(I)-catalyzed cycloisomerization of enynols 11 and 17, obtained by Sonogashira coupling, led to the tethered enoate-substituted furans 14 and 19. While attempts at thermal and several Lewis acid induced intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions remained fruitless, dialkylaluminum chloride led to the formation of hexahydroindene and octahydronaphthalene derivatives 20-23. Their formation can be explained by Lewis acid induced opening of the epoxy bridge with transfer of one alkyl group to the intermediate cycloadduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle Riedel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin E Maier
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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15
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Cowie TY, Veguillas M, Rae RL, Rougé M, Żurek JM, Prentice AW, Paterson MJ, Bebbington MWP. Intramolecular Nitrofuran Diels-Alder Reactions: Extremely Substituent-Tolerant Cycloadditions via Asynchronous Transition States. J Org Chem 2017; 82:6656-6670. [PMID: 28574257 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nitrofurans undergo intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions with tethered electron-poor dienophiles more rapidly and in higher yield than non-nitrated furans. Computational studies indicate that increased stabilization of a partial positive charge on the nitro-substituted carbon in both transition state and product is the driving force for these reactions. Frontier molecular orbital energy differences indicate a switch from normal to inverse electron demand upon nitration. There does not appear to be a contribution from any differences in aromatic stabilization energy between furans and nitrofurans. Calculations show that the nitrofuran reactions proceed via a highly asynchronous transition state allowing easier bond formation between two sterically hindered carbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Y Cowie
- School of EPS-Chemical Sciences, Heriot Watt University , Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Marcos Veguillas
- School of EPS-Chemical Sciences, Heriot Watt University , Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Robert L Rae
- School of EPS-Chemical Sciences, Heriot Watt University , Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Mathilde Rougé
- School of EPS-Chemical Sciences, Heriot Watt University , Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Justyna M Żurek
- School of EPS-Chemical Sciences, Heriot Watt University , Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Andrew W Prentice
- School of EPS-Chemical Sciences, Heriot Watt University , Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Martin J Paterson
- School of EPS-Chemical Sciences, Heriot Watt University , Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, U.K
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16
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Mason KM, Meyers MS, Fox AM, Luesse SB. Application of heterocyclic aldehydes as components in Ugi-Smiles couplings. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:2032-2037. [PMID: 27829908 PMCID: PMC5082724 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient one-pot Ugi–Smiles couplings are reported for the use of furyl-substituted aldehyde components. In the presence of these heterocyclic aldehydes, reactions tolerated variations in amine components and led to either isolated N-arylamide Ugi–Smiles adducts or N-arylepoxyisoindolines, products of tandem Ugi–Smiles Diels–Alder cyclizations, in moderate yields. A thienyl-substituted aldehyde was also a competent component for Ugi–Smiles adduct formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelynn M Mason
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, Illinois 62026, USA
| | - Michael S Meyers
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, Illinois 62026, USA
| | - Abbie M Fox
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, Illinois 62026, USA
| | - Sarah B Luesse
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, Illinois 62026, USA
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17
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Richey B, Mason KM, Meyers MS, Luesse SB. Rapid access to conformationally-constrained oxatricycles via Ugi–Smiles couplings. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Evans V, Mahon MF, Webster RL. A mild, copper-catalysed amide deprotection strategy: use of tert-butyl as a protecting group. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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Zurek JM, Rae RL, Paterson MJ, Bebbington MWP. Unusual structure-energy correlations in intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction transition states. Molecules 2014; 19:15535-45. [PMID: 25268713 PMCID: PMC6272020 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191015535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Detailed analysis of calculated data from an experimental/computational study of intramolecular furan Diels-Alder reactions has led to the unusual discovery that the mean contraction of the newly forming C-C σ-bonds from the transition state to the product shows a linear correlation with both reaction Gibbs free energies and reverse energy barriers. There is evidence for a similar correlation in other intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions involving non-aromatic dienes. No such correlation is found for intermolecular Diels-Alder reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna M Zurek
- Institute of Chemical Science, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, William Perkin building, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Robert L Rae
- Institute of Chemical Science, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, William Perkin building, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Martin J Paterson
- Institute of Chemical Science, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, William Perkin building, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Magnus W P Bebbington
- Institute of Chemical Science, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, William Perkin building, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
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20
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Pham HV, Paton R, Ross AG, Danishefsky SJ, Houk KN. Intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions of cycloalkenones: stereoselectivity, Lewis acid acceleration, and halogen substituent effects. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:2397-403. [PMID: 24410341 PMCID: PMC3965351 DOI: 10.1021/ja410220w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions of cycloalkenones and terminal dienes occur with high endo stereoselectivity, both thermally and under Lewis-acidic conditions. Through computations, we show that steric repulsion and tether conformation govern the selectivity of the reaction, and incorporation of either BF3 or α-halogenation increases the rate of cycloaddition. With a longer tether, isomerization from a terminal diene to the more stable internal diene results in a more facile cycloaddition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung V. Pham
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California-Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Robert
S. Paton
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California-Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Audrey G. Ross
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, Havemeyer Hall, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Novartis
Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Samuel J. Danishefsky
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, Havemeyer Hall, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Laboratory
for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering
Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United
States
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California-Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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Rae RL, Żurek JM, Paterson MJ, Bebbington MWP. Halogenation effects in intramolecular furan Diels-Alder reactions: broad scope synthetic and computational studies. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:7946-52. [PMID: 24135947 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41616j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
For the first time a comprehensive synthetic and computational study of the effect of halogen substitution on both furan and dienophile for the intramolecular Furan Diels-Alder (IMDAF) reaction has been undertaken. Contrary to our initial expectations, halogen substitution on the dienophile was found to have a significant effect, making the reactions slower and less thermodynamically favourable. However, careful choice of the site of furan halogenation could be used to overcome dienophile halogen substitution, leading to highly functionalised cycloadducts. These reactions are thought to be controlled by the interplay of three factors: positive charge stabilisation in the transition state and product, steric effects and a dipolar interaction term identified by high level calculations. Frontier orbital effects do not appear to make a major contribution in determining the viability of these reactions, which is consistent with our analysis of calculated transition state structural data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Rae
- Institute of Chemical Science, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
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22
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Nieto-García O, Alonso R. IMDAF/aromatization path of halogenated furylacrylamides and furylpropiolamides to dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-ones. J Org Chem 2013; 78:2564-70. [PMID: 23379831 DOI: 10.1021/jo302750s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Intramolecular Diels-Alder cycloadditions of chlorofuryl- (R = Cl) secondary (R' = H) acrylamides and propiolamides of type 1 followed by (optional modification and) base-induced aromatization of the resulting chlorinated oxanorborn(adi)enes 2 afford N-free-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-ones 3 with different aromatic substitution patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaia Nieto-García
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida sn, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
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23
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Zou GF, Pan F, Liao WW. Lewis base catalyzed asymmetric substitution/Diels–Alder cascade reaction: a rapid and efficient construction of enantioenriched diverse tricyclic heterocycles. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:7080-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41454j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Nieto-García O, Alonso R. Synthesis and cytotoxicity of (+/−)-7,9-dideoxy-pancratistatin analogues. Org Biomol Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob27127c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Zubkov FI, Zaytsev VP, Puzikova ES, Nikitina EV, Khrustalev VN, Novikov RA, Varlamov AV. Opening of the epoxide bridge in 3a,6-epoxyisoindol-1-ones by the action of BF3⋅Et2O in acetic anhydride*. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-012-1024-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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26
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Si Larbi K, Fu HY, Laidaoui N, Beydoun K, Miloudi A, El Abed D, Djabbar S, Doucet H. Palladium-Based Catalytic System for the Direct C3-Arylation of Furan-2-carboxamides and Thiophene-2-carboxamides. ChemCatChem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201100491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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27
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Zubkov FI, Airiyan IK, Ershova JD, Galeev TR, Zaytsev VP, Nikitina EV, Varlamov AV. Aromatization of IMDAF adducts in aqueous alkaline media. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra20295f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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28
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Singh AP, Lee KM, Kim K, Jun T, Churchill DG. Metal-Free Intermolecular Cfur-Nsucc Bond Coupling of Highly Substituted 3-Furancarbaldehydes and Their Use in meso-Substituted BODIPY Synthesis. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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29
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Sarotti AM, Spanevello RA, Suárez AG. Assessing the halogen effect in Diels–Alder reactions involving chiral α-halo enones. A combined experimental and DFT computational approach. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.05.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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30
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Laidaoui N, Roger J, Miloudi A, El Abed D, Doucet H. Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Arylations of Five-Membered Heteroarenes Bearing N-Monoalkylcarboxamide Substituents. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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31
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Muthusamy S, Gangadurai C, Krishnamurthi J, Suresh E. Stereoselective synthesis of piperidinone and quinolinone systems via ring opening reactions using TiCl4/silyl reagents. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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Intramolecular Diels–Alder reaction of N-allyl 2-furoyl amides: effect of steric strain and amide rotational isomerism. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.10.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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33
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Rodriguez AM, Prieto P, de la Hoz A, Díaz-Ortiz A. “In silico” mechanistic studies as predictive tools in microwave-assisted organic synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:2371-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob01037e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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Agopcan S, Çelebi-Ölçüm N, Üçışık MN, Sanyal A, Aviyente V. Origins of the diastereoselectivity in hydrogen bonding directed Diels–Alder reactions of chiral dienes with achiral dienophiles: a computational study. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:8079-88. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06285a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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35
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Claeys DD, Stevens CV, Roman BI, Van De Caveye P, Waroquier M, Van Speybroeck V. Experimental and computational study of the ring opening of tricyclic oxanorbornenes to polyhydro isoindole phosphonates. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:3644-54. [PMID: 20544085 DOI: 10.1039/c002926b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Phosphonylated azaheterocycles are an important class of compounds with high biological potential as conformationally restricted bioisosteres of amino acids. Therefore, it is of interest to synthesize conformationally constrained amino phosphonates. We wanted to investigate possible routes via ring opening of alpha-amino phosphonates with an oxanorbornene skeleton, as these can be synthesized with high stereoselectivity. This was achieved using different Lewis acids, leading to a range of products. The reaction with TiCl(4) and FeCl(3) was modelled at a DFT level of theory to get insight in the pathways towards the corresponding products. To ease the work up, the Fe(iii) catalyst was coated on montmorillonite clay, but this accelerated aromatization after ring opening. Quenching the FeCl(3) catalyzed reaction mixture on celite caused complete aromatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diederica D Claeys
- Research group SynBioC, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Dadwal M, Kesharwani MK, Danayak V, Ganguly B, Mobin SM, Muruganantham R, Namboothiri INN. Synthetic and Theoretical Investigations on the Construction of Oxanorbornenes by a Michael Addition and Intramolecular Diels-Alder Furan Reaction. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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37
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Pieniazek SN, Clemente FR, Houk KN. Sources of error in DFT computations of C-C bond formation thermochemistries: pi-->sigma transformations and error cancellation by DFT methods. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:7746-9. [PMID: 18752237 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200801843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan N Pieniazek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
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38
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Ram RN, Kumar N. Synthesis of highly substituted m-chlorophenolic biaryls by chlorine substituent-promoted Diels–Alder reaction of 2-aryl-3-chlorofurans. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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39
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Pieniazek S, Clemente F, Houk K. Sources of Error in DFT Computations of CC Bond Formation Thermochemistries: π→σ Transformations and Error Cancellation by DFT Methods. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200801843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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40
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France S, Boonsombat J, Leverett CA, Padwa A. Cycloaddition across the benzofuran ring as an approach to the morphine alkaloids. J Org Chem 2008; 73:8120-3. [PMID: 18788783 DOI: 10.1021/jo8016956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of several amidofurans tethered onto a benzofuran ring was examined as a strategy for the synthesis of morphine. Bromo substitution on the furan ring did not provide sufficient activation to allow the cycloaddition to take place across the aromatic benzofuran. However, the presence of a large o-methylbenzyl group on the amido nitrogen atom causes the reactive s-trans conformation of the amidofuran to be highly populated, thereby facilitating its Diels-Alder cycloaddition across a tethered benzofuran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan France
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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41
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Claeys DD, Moonen K, Roman BI, Nemykin VN, Zhdankin VV, Waroquier M, Van Speybroeck V, Stevens CV. Synthesis of Tricyclic Phosphonopyrrolidines via IMDAF: Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of the Observed Stereoselectivity. J Org Chem 2008; 73:7921-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo801138s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Diederica D. Claeys
- Research Group SynBioC, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, and Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristof Moonen
- Research Group SynBioC, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, and Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart I. Roman
- Research Group SynBioC, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, and Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Victor N. Nemykin
- Research Group SynBioC, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, and Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Viktor V. Zhdankin
- Research Group SynBioC, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, and Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michel Waroquier
- Research Group SynBioC, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, and Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Veronique Van Speybroeck
- Research Group SynBioC, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, and Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christian V. Stevens
- Research Group SynBioC, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, and Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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42
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Ram RN, Kumar N. Synthesis of 2,4-disubstituted 3-chlorofurans and the effect of the chlorine substituent in furan Diels–Alder reactions. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.11.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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43
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Hou XL, Yang Z, Yeung KS, Wong HN. Chapter 5.3 Five-membered ring systems: furans and benzofurans. PROGRESS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-6380(08)80009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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