1
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Wang K, Li J, Zhang H, Chen Y, Li M, Xu J, Liao B, Yi W. DMSO-promoted direct δ-selective arylation of p-quinone methenylpiperidine bearinides to generate fuchsones under metal-free conditions by employing p-QMs themselves or substituted phenols as aryl sources. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7151-7157. [PMID: 37609782 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01018j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Fuchsones have wide applications in modern society. Present methods for generating fuchsones have many disadvantages and there are significant limitations for further exploration of fuchsone applications. Herein, we describe a DMSO-promoted direct δ-selective arylation of p-QMs to synthesize symmetrical and unsymmetrical fuchsones under metal-free conditions by employing p-QMs themselves or substituted phenols as aryl sources. As unprecedented methods, these novel strategies present a great advantage and significance for further exploration of fuchsones and the development of new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunpeng Wang
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China.
| | - Jingping Li
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China.
| | - Haoxiang Zhang
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China.
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China.
| | - Mengfan Li
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China.
| | - Junju Xu
- College of Tabacco Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Plateau characteristic spice plant resources, Education Department of Yunnan Province 650201, P. R. China
| | - Benren Liao
- Shanghai No. 4 Reagent Chemical Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201512, P. R. China.
| | - Weiyin Yi
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China.
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2
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Polimera SR, Ilangovan A, Subbaiah MAM. Examining the Scope of Deriving β-Aryl Enones from Enol Silanes as Ketone Equivalents via Pd(II)-Mediated Sequential Dehydrosilylation and Arylation. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37192466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Silyl enol ethers were examined as a masked source of saturated ketones to derive β-aryl enones and their derivatives by dehydrosilylation to generate enones in situ and subsequent oxidative arylation with arylboronic acids as transmetallation coupling partners using relayed Pd(II) catalysis in one pot under base-free conditions. Oxygen was found to be an efficient and green oxidant to enable both dehydrosilylation of enol silanes and arylation. Additionally, arylation conditions can be custom-designed to take advantage of aryl halides as an alternative source of arylating agents. The preparative scope was investigated with 35 examples (up to 95% yield), and mechanistic studies implied a cationic Pd(II)-based catalytic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subba Rao Polimera
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb R&D Centre, Biocon Park, Bommasandra IV Phase, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore 560099, Karnataka, India
- Department of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Palkalaiperur, Thiruchirapalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Andivelu Ilangovan
- Department of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Palkalaiperur, Thiruchirapalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Murugaiah A M Subbaiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb R&D Centre, Biocon Park, Bommasandra IV Phase, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore 560099, Karnataka, India
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3
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Ramar T, Subbaiah MAM, Ilangovan A. Orchestrating a β-Hydride Elimination Pathway in Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Arylation/Alkenylation of Cyclopropanols Using Organoboron Reagents. J Org Chem 2022; 87:4508-4523. [PMID: 35289619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The scope of chemoselective β-hydride elimination in the context of arylation/alkenylation of homoenolates from cyclopropanol precursors using organoboronic reagents as transmetalation coupling partners was examined. The reaction optimization paradigm revealed a simple ligand-free Pd(II) catalytic system to be most efficient under open air conditions. The preparative scope, which was investigated with 48 examples, supported the applicability of this reaction to a wide range of substrates tolerating a variety of functional groups while delivering β-substituted enone and dienone derivatives in 62-95% yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangeswaran Ramar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb R&D Centre, Biocon Park, Bommasandra IV Phase, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore 560099, India.,Department of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Palkalaiperur, Thiruchirapalli 620024, India
| | - Murugaiah A M Subbaiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb R&D Centre, Biocon Park, Bommasandra IV Phase, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Andivelu Ilangovan
- Department of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Palkalaiperur, Thiruchirapalli 620024, India
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4
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Chilamari M, Immel JR, Chen PH, Alghafli BM, Bloom S. Flavin Metallaphotoredox Catalysis: Synergistic Synthesis in Water. ACS Catal 2022; 12:4175-4181. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob R. Immel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Pei-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Bayan M. Alghafli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Steven Bloom
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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5
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Bernauer J, Pölker J, Jacobi von Wangelin A. Redox‐active BIAN‐based Diimine Ligands in Metal‐Catalyzed Small Molecule Syntheses**. ChemCatChem 2021; 14:e202101182. [PMID: 35875682 PMCID: PMC9298226 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
α‐Diimine ligands have significantly shaped the coordination chemistry of most transition metal complexes. Among them, bis(imino)acenaphthene ligands (BIANs) have recently been matured to great versatility and applicability to catalytic reactions. Besides variations of the ligand periphery, the great versatility of BIAN ligands resides within their ability to undergo facile electronic manipulations. This review highlights key aspects of BIAN ligands in metal complexes and summarizes recent contributions of metal‐BIAN catalysts to syntheses of small and functionalized organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Bernauer
- Department of Chemistry University of Hamburg Martin Luther King Pl 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Jennifer Pölker
- Department of Chemistry University of Hamburg Martin Luther King Pl 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
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6
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Wang D, Salazar CA, Stahl SS. Catalyst-Controlled Regioselectivity in Pd-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Arylation of Indoles. Organometallics 2021; 40:2198-2203. [PMID: 34366539 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pd-catalyzed C-H arylation of heteorarenes is an important and widely studied synthetic transformation; however, the regioselectivity is often substrate-controlled. Here, we report catalyst-controlled regioselectivity in the Pd-catalyzed oxidative coupling of N-(phenylsulfonyl)indoles and aryl boronic acids using O2 as the oxidant. Both C2- and C3-arylated indoles are obtained in good yield with >10:1 selectivity. A switch from C2 to C3 regioselectivity is achieved by including 4,5-diazafluoren-9-one or 2,2'-bipyrimidine as an ancillary ligand to a "ligand-free" Pd(OTs)2 catalyst system. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the switch in selectivity arises from a change in the mechanism, from a C2-selective oxidative-Heck pathway to a C3-selective C-H activation/reductive elimination pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Chase A Salazar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Shannon S Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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7
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Ramar T, Subbaiah MAM, Ilangovan A. Utility of Organoboron Reagents in Arylation of Cyclopropanols via Chelated Pd(II) Catalysis: Chemoselective Access to β-Aryl Ketones. J Org Chem 2020; 85:7711-7727. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thangeswaran Ramar
- Discovery Chemistry, BBRC, Syngene, Biocon Park, Bommasandra IV Phase, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore 560099, India
- Department of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Palkalaiperur, Thiruchirapalli 620024, India
| | | | - Andivelu Ilangovan
- Department of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Palkalaiperur, Thiruchirapalli 620024, India
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8
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Alimi OA, Akinnawo CA, Meijboom R. Monolith catalyst design via 3D printing: a reusable support for modern palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03651j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The use of an additive manufacturing procedure for the modification of catalytic structures is currently gaining popularity in the field of catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyekunle Azeez Alimi
- Research Centre for Synthesis and Catalysis
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Johannesburg
- Johannesburg 2006
- South Africa
| | - Christianah Aarinola Akinnawo
- Research Centre for Synthesis and Catalysis
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Johannesburg
- Johannesburg 2006
- South Africa
| | - Reinout Meijboom
- Research Centre for Synthesis and Catalysis
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Johannesburg
- Johannesburg 2006
- South Africa
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9
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Liu W, Ma D, Guo H, Gu G. UV-induced catalyst-free intramolecular formal Heck reaction. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Le Bras J, Muzart J. Palladium-Catalyzed Domino Dehydrogenation/Heck-Type Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Le Bras
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UMR 7312; CNRS - Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne; B.P. 1039 51687 Reims Cedex 2 France
| | - Jacques Muzart
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UMR 7312; CNRS - Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne; B.P. 1039 51687 Reims Cedex 2 France
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11
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Vellakkaran M, Andappan MMS, Nagaiah K, Nanubolu JB. Direct Synthesis of γ-Keto Sulfones from Allylic Alcohols: One-Pot Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Generation of Enones Followed by Water-Mediated 1,4-Addition of Organosulfinates. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mari Vellakkaran
- Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Division; CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka 500007 Hyderabad India
| | | | - Kommu Nagaiah
- Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Division; CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka 500007 Hyderabad India
| | - Jagadeesh Babu Nanubolu
- Lab of X-ray Crystallography; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; 500 007 Hyderabad India
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12
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Galaverna R, Camilo NS, Godoi MN, Coelho F, Eberlin MN. Charge Tags for Most Comprehensive ESI-MS Monitoring of Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH)/aza-MBH Reactions: Solid Mechanistic View and the Dualistic Role of the Charge Tagged Acrylate. J Org Chem 2016; 81:1089-98. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Renan Galaverna
- ThoMSon
Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, P.O.
Box 6154, Zip Code 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Nilton S. Camilo
- Laboratory
of Synthesis of Natural Products and Drugs, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6154, Zip Code 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marla N. Godoi
- Health Sciences Federal University of Porto Alegre - UFCSPA, Department of Pharmacoscience Sarmento Leite, Zip Code 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernando Coelho
- Laboratory
of Synthesis of Natural Products and Drugs, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6154, Zip Code 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos N. Eberlin
- ThoMSon
Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, P.O.
Box 6154, Zip Code 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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13
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Meng G, Szostak M. Palladium-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of amides by carbon–nitrogen cleavage: general strategy for amide N–C bond activation. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:5690-707. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00084c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A unified strategy for the palladium-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling of amides with boronic acids for the synthesis of ketones by N–C bond activation is reported.
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14
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Meng G, Szostak M. General Olefin Synthesis by the Palladium-Catalyzed Heck Reaction of Amides: Sterically Controlled Chemoselective NC Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201507776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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Meng G, Szostak M. General Olefin Synthesis by the Palladium‐Catalyzed Heck Reaction of Amides: Sterically Controlled Chemoselective NC Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:14518-22. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201507776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangrong Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102 (USA)
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102 (USA)
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16
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Zheng C, Stahl SS. Regioselective aerobic oxidative Heck reactions with electronically unbiased alkenes: efficient access to α-alkyl vinylarenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:12771-4. [PMID: 26166679 PMCID: PMC4522933 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc05312a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Branched-selective oxidative Heck coupling reactions have been developed between arylboronic acids and electronically unbiased terminal alkenes. The reactions exhibit high catalyst-controlled regioselectivity favoring the less common branched isomer. The reactions employ a catalyst composed of Pd(TFA)2/dmphen (TFA = trifluoroacetate, dmphen = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) and proceed efficiently at 45-60 °C under 1 atm of O2 without requiring other additives. A broad array of functional groups, including aryl halide, allyl silane and carboxylic acids are tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwu Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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17
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Li Y, Tu DH, Gu YJ, Wang B, Wang YY, Liu ZT, Liu ZW, Lu J. Oxidative Heck Reaction of Fluorinated Olefins with Arylboronic Acids by Palladium Catalysis. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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18
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Zhang L, Fang DC. DFT studies on the directing group dependent arene–alkene cross-couplings: arene activation vs. alkene activation. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:7950-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01118c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Two competing reaction pathways for the dehydrogenative Heck couplings have been found. The properties of the directing groups on reactants will determine the dominance of these two pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
| | - De-Cai Fang
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
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19
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Vikse KL, Ahmadi Z, Scott McIndoe J. The application of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry to homogeneous catalysis. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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Skillinghaug B, Sköld C, Rydfjord J, Svensson F, Behrends M, Sävmarker J, Sjöberg PJR, Larhed M. Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Desulfitative Synthesis of Aryl Ketones from Sodium Arylsulfinates and Nitriles: Scope, Limitations, and Mechanistic Studies. J Org Chem 2014; 79:12018-32. [DOI: 10.1021/jo501875n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bobo Skillinghaug
- Organic
Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala
Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, P. O. Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christian Sköld
- Organic
Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala
Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, P. O. Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Rydfjord
- Organic
Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala
Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, P. O. Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Svensson
- Organic
Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala
Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, P. O. Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Malte Behrends
- Organic
Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala
Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, P. O. Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Sävmarker
- Beijer
Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical
Center, Uppsala University, P. O. Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per J. R. Sjöberg
- Department
of Chemistry, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 599, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Larhed
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala Biomedical
Center, Uppsala University, P. O. Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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21
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Willms JA, Beel R, Schmidt ML, Mundt C, Engeser M. A new charge-tagged proline-based organocatalyst for mechanistic studies using electrospray mass spectrometry. Beilstein J Org Chem 2014; 10:2027-37. [PMID: 25246962 PMCID: PMC4168921 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A new 4-hydroxy-L-proline derivative with a charged 1-ethylpyridinium-4-phenoxy substituent has been synthesized with the aim of facilitating mechanistic studies of proline-catalyzed reactions by ESI mass spectrometry. The charged residue ensures a strongly enhanced ESI response compared to neutral unmodified proline. The connection by a rigid linker fixes the position of the charge tag far away from the catalytic center in order to avoid unwanted interactions. The use of a charged catalyst leads to significantly enhanced ESI signal abundances for every catalyst-derived species which are the ones of highest interest present in a reacting solution. The new charged proline catalyst has been tested in the direct asymmetric inverse aldol reaction between aldehydes and diethyl ketomalonate. Two intermediates in accordance with the List-Houk mechanism for enamine catalysis have been detected and characterized by gas-phase fragmentation. In addition, their temporal evolution has been followed using a microreactor continuous-flow technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Alexander Willms
- University of Bonn, Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Rita Beel
- University of Bonn, Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin L Schmidt
- University of Bonn, Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Mundt
- University of Bonn, Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marianne Engeser
- University of Bonn, Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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22
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Limberger J, Leal BC, Monteiro AL, Dupont J. Charge-tagged ligands: useful tools for immobilising complexes and detecting reaction species during catalysis. Chem Sci 2014; 6:77-94. [PMID: 28553458 PMCID: PMC5424467 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc02151g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A critical overview is presented on the use of charged tagged ligands (CTLs) as immobilising agents in organometallic catalysis and as probes for studying mechanisms through electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) based on the most recent literature.
In recent years, charge-tagged ligands (CTLs) have become valuable tools in organometallic catalysis. Insertion of an ionic side chain into the molecular skeleton of a known ligand has become a useful protocol for anchoring ligands, and consequently catalysts, in polar and ionic liquid phases. In addition, the insertion of a cationic moiety into a ligand is a powerful tool that can be used to detect reaction intermediates in organometallic catalysis through electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) experiments. The insertion of an ionic tag ensures the charge in the intermediates independently of the ESI-MS. For this reason, these ligands have been used as ionic probes in mechanistic studies for several catalytic reactions. Here, we summarise selected examples on the use of CTLs as immobilising agents in organometallic catalysis and as probes for studying mechanisms through ESI-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jones Limberger
- Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis , Institute of Chemistry - UFRGS , Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 91501-970, CP 15003 , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | - Bárbara C Leal
- Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis , Institute of Chemistry - UFRGS , Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 91501-970, CP 15003 , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | - Adriano L Monteiro
- Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis , Institute of Chemistry - UFRGS , Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 91501-970, CP 15003 , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | - Jairton Dupont
- Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis , Institute of Chemistry - UFRGS , Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 91501-970, CP 15003 , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil .,School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , University Park , Nottingham , NG7 2RD , UK .
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23
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Fardost A, Lindh J, Sjöberg PJR, Larhed M. Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Heck Arylations of Acyclic Electron-Rich Olefins with Internal Selectivity. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201301004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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24
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Dendrimer-templated Pd nanoparticles and Pd nanoparticles synthesized by reverse microemulsions as efficient nanocatalysts for the Heck reaction: A comparative study. J Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 415:57-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Vellakkaran M, Andappan MMS, Nagaiah K. Oxygen as single oxidant for two steps: base-free one-pot Pd(ii)-catalyzed alcohol oxidation & arylation to halogen-intact β-aryl α,β-enones. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra07478e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Using oxygen as the sole oxidant for two steps, we developed a new method to synthesize β-aryl α,β-enones by fine-tuning the Pd(ii)-catalyzed oxidation of allyl alcohol to subsequent arylation with arylboronic acids, arylboronic ester and aryltrifluoroborate salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Vellakkaran
- Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad, India-500007
| | | | - Kommu Nagaiah
- Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad, India-500007
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26
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Pei J, Kang Y, Huang G. Reactive intermediate detection in real time via paper assisted thermal ionization mass spectrometry. Analyst 2014; 139:5354-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an01343c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Interception of short-life reactive intermediates could be achieved using paper assisted thermal ionization mass spectrometry in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiying Pei
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei, China
| | - Yanbiao Kang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei, China
| | - Guangming Huang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei, China
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27
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Scalable Synthesis of Oxazolones from Propargylic Alcohols through Multistep Palladium(II) Catalysis: β-Selective Oxidative Heck Coupling of Cyclic Sulfonyl Enamides and Aryl Boroxines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:13745-50. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201307471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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28
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Alamsetti SK, Persson AKÅ, Jiang T, Bäckvall JE. Scalable Synthesis of Oxazolones from Propargylic Alcohols through Multistep Palladium(II) Catalysis: β-Selective Oxidative Heck Coupling of Cyclic Sulfonyl Enamides and Aryl Boroxines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201307471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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29
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Rydfjord J, Svensson F, Trejos A, Sjöberg PJR, Sköld C, Sävmarker J, Odell LR, Larhed M. Decarboxylative palladium(II)-catalyzed synthesis of aryl amidines from aryl carboxylic acids: development and mechanistic investigation. Chemistry 2013; 19:13803-10. [PMID: 23983102 PMCID: PMC3935511 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Revised: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A fast and convenient synthesis of aryl amidines starting from carboxylic acids and cyanamides is reported. The reaction was achieved by palladium(II)-catalysis in a one-step microwave protocol using [Pd(O2CCF3)2], 6-methyl-2,2′-bipyridyl and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in N-methylpyrrolidinone (NMP), providing the corresponding aryl amidines in moderate to excellent yields. The protocol is very robust with regards to the cyanamide coupling partner but requires electron-rich ortho-substituted aryl carboxylic acids. Mechanistic insight was provided by a DFT investigation and direct ESI-MS studies of the reaction. The results of the DFT study correlated well with the experimental findings and, together with the ESI-MS study, support the suggested mechanism. Furthermore, a scale-out (scale-up) was performed with a non-resonant microwave continuous-flow system, achieving a maximum throughput of 11 mmol h−1 by using a glass reactor with an inner diameter of 3 mm at a flow rate of 1 mL min−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Rydfjord
- Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box-574, 751 23 Uppsala (Sweden)
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30
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An Unexpected Pathway for Ligand Substitution in an Aryl Halide Complex of Palladium. Chempluschem 2013; 78:632-635. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201300131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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31
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Zhang L, Dong C, Ding C, Chen J, Tang W, Li H, Xu L, Xiao J. Palladium-Catalyzed Regioselective and Stereoselective Oxidative Heck Arylation of Allylamines with Arylboronic Acids. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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32
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33
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Synthesis, characterization, structure, redox property, antibacterial and catalytic activity of tridentate Schiff base cobalt(III), nickel(II) and palladium(II) complexes. Polyhedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2013.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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Li Y, Xue D, Lu W, Fan X, Wang C, Xiao J. 3-Acylindoles via palladium-catalyzed regioselective arylation of electron-rich olefins with indoles. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40271a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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35
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Rauf W, Brown JM. Reactive intermediates in catalytic alkenylation; pathways for Mizoroki–Heck, oxidative Heck and Fujiwara–Moritani reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:8430-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc44842h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Wang P, Zhang J, Cai M. Polystyrene-Immobilised Phenanthroline Palladium(II) Complex: A Highly Efficient and Recyclable Catalyst for Oxidative Heck Reactions. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2012. [DOI: 10.3184/174751912x13466942543952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative Heck coupling reactions of arylboronic acids with olefins were carried out in the presence of the polystyrene-immobilised phenanthroline palladium(II) complex using air as a co-oxidant to afford the Heck coupling products in high yields under base-free conditions. This heterogeneous palladium catalyst can be recovered by simple filtration and used for several times without loss of activity or selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, P. R. China
| | - Jiatao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
| | - Mingzhong Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
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37
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Szulmanowicz MS, Gniewek A, Gil W, Trzeciak AM. Palladium(II) Complexes with Small N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands as Highly Active Catalysts for the Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reaction. ChemCatChem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201200428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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38
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Vikse KL, Kwok S, McDonald R, Oliver AG, McIndoe JS. 1,8-Bis(dimethylamino)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)naphthalene: An electrospray-active analogue for η6-coordinating ligands. J Organomet Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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39
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Sävmarker J, Lindh J, Nilsson P, Sjöberg PJR, Larhed M. Oxidative Heck Reactions using Aryltrifluoroborates and Aryl N-Methyliminodiacetic Acid (MIDA) Boronates. ChemistryOpen 2012; 1:140-6. [PMID: 24551502 PMCID: PMC3922452 DOI: 10.1002/open.201200007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Sävmarker
- Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Uppsala University Box 574, 751 23 Uppsala (Sweden) E-mail:
| | - Jonas Lindh
- Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Uppsala University Box 574, 751 23 Uppsala (Sweden) E-mail:
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Uppsala University Box 574, 751 23 Uppsala (Sweden) E-mail:
| | - Per J R Sjöberg
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Biomedical Centre (BMC), Uppsala University Box 599, 751 23 Uppsala (Sweden)
| | - Mats Larhed
- Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Uppsala University Box 574, 751 23 Uppsala (Sweden) E-mail:
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40
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Shi C, Ding J, Jiang J, Chen J, Wu H, Liu M. Ligand-Free Palladium-Catalysed Oxidative Heck Reaction of 4-Vinylpyridine with Arylboronic Acids: Selective Synthesis of (E)-4-Styrylpyridines. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2012. [DOI: 10.3184/174751912x13352864811920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A ligand-free palladium-catalysed oxidative Heck reaction of various arylboronic acids with 4-vinylpyridine has been developed, achieving (E)-4-styrylpyridines with high selectively in moderate to good yields. A plausible mechanism for the formation of (E)-4-styrylpyridines has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanli Shi
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Jinchang Ding
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
- Wenzhou Vocational and Technical College, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Jun Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Jiuxi Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Huayue Wu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Miaochang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
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41
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Miyoshi Y, Akatsuka T, Okuoka SI, Tsukajima A, Makino M, Saito M, Yonehara K. Palladium-Catalyzed Aerobic Intermolecular Cyclization of Acrylic Acid with 1-Octene to Afford α-Methylene-γ-butyrolactones: The Remarkable Effect of Continuous Water Removal from the Reaction Mixture and Analysis of the Reaction by Kinetic, ESI-MS, and X. Chemistry 2012; 18:7941-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201103489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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42
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Rimoldi M, Ragaini F, Gallo E, Ferretti F, Macchi P, Casati N. Unexpected isomerism in "[Pd(2,9-dimethylphenanthroline)X2]" (X = Cl, Br, I) complexes: a neutral and an ionic form exist. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:3648-58. [PMID: 22327099 DOI: 10.1039/c2dt11979j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Complexes of composition "[Pd(2,9-dimethylphenanthroline)X(2)]" (X = Cl, Br, I) have long been known and they are used as precursors for the synthesis of other derivatives or as catalysts. In the previous literature, they have invariably been described as neutral square planar complexes, but we have found that a second ionic isomer also exists, having composition [Pd(Neoc)(2)X](2)[Pd(2)X(6)], and that the formation of this isomer occurs under a wider range of conditions than that of the neutral one. Retrospectively, the ionic isomer had surely been obtained in most previous reports even if formation of the neutral one was claimed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martino Rimoldi
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Metallorganica e Analitica "Lamberto Malatesta", Milano, Italy
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43
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Harakat D, Muzart J, Le Bras J. ESI-MS mechanistic studies of Wacker oxidation of alkenes: dinuclear species as catalytic active intermediates. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra01204a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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44
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Farrer NJ, Vikse KL, McDonald R, McIndoe JS. Proton Sponge Phosphanes: Reversibly Chargeable Ligands for ESI-MS Analysis. Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201100820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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45
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Nordqvist A, Björkelid C, Andaloussi M, Jansson AM, Mowbray SL, Karlén A, Larhed M. Synthesis of functionalized cinnamaldehyde derivatives by an oxidative Heck reaction and their use as starting materials for preparation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase inhibitors. J Org Chem 2011; 76:8986-98. [PMID: 21936546 PMCID: PMC3203620 DOI: 10.1021/jo201715x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
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Cinnamaldehyde derivatives were synthesized in good to excellent yields in one step by a mild and selective, base-free palladium(II)-catalyzed oxidative Heck reaction starting from acrolein and various arylboronic acids. Prepared α,β-unsaturated aldehydes were used for synthesis of novel α-aryl substituted fosmidomycin analogues, which were evaluated for their inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase. IC50 values between 0.8 and 27.3 μM were measured. The best compound showed activity comparable to that of the most potent previously reported α-aryl substituted fosmidomycin-class inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneli Nordqvist
- Division of Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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46
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Behrends M, Sävmarker J, Sjöberg PJR, Larhed M. Microwave-Assisted Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Synthesis of Aryl Ketones from Aryl Sulfinates and Direct ESI-MS Studies Thereof. ACS Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/cs200428u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Malte Behrends
- Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Sävmarker
- Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per J. R. Sjöberg
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Uppsala University, BMC, Box-599, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Larhed
- Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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47
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Kwan IC, She YM, Wu G. Nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry studies of 2′,3′,5′-O-triacetylguanosine self-assembly in the presence of alkaline earth metal ions (Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+). CAN J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1139/v10-179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We report structural determination of cation-templated self-assembly of a guanosine derivative, 2′,3′,5′-O-triacetylguanosine (TAG), in the presence of three alkaline earth metal ions (Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+) in CDCl3. Using a combination of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) methods, we have found that TAG molecules form discrete octamers in the form of [TAG]8M2+ (M2+ = Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+), which is composed of two G-quartets and a sandwiched metal ion. We have determined the ability of the three alkaline earth metal ions to promote TAG self-assembly (relative binding affinity) to be Sr2+ ≫ Ba2+ > Ca2+. More importantly, we have used two-dimensional (2D) NMR methods to determine the structural details of [TAG]8Sr2+. In particular, we found that each octamer consists of an all-anti G-quartet stacking on top of an all-syn G-quartet in a tail-to-head fashion with a twist angle of 45° between the two G-quartets. This TAG octamer structure represents a unique case quite different from other lipophilic guanosine octamers reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene C.M. Kwan
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Yi-Min She
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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48
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Vikse KL, Ahmadi Z, Manning CC, Harrington DA, McIndoe JS. Powerful Insight into Catalytic Mechanisms through Simultaneous Monitoring of Reactants, Products, and Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201102630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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49
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Vikse KL, Ahmadi Z, Manning CC, Harrington DA, McIndoe JS. Powerful insight into catalytic mechanisms through simultaneous monitoring of reactants, products, and intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:8304-6. [PMID: 21674742 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201102630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krista L Vikse
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Victoria, BC, V8W 3V6, Canada
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50
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Gottumukkala AL, Teichert JF, Heijnen D, Eisink N, van Dijk S, Ferrer C, van den Hoogenband A, Minnaard AJ. Pd-Diimine: A Highly Selective Catalyst System for the Base-Free Oxidative Heck Reaction. J Org Chem 2011; 76:3498-501. [DOI: 10.1021/jo101942f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aditya L. Gottumukkala
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes F. Teichert
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dorus Heijnen
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niek Eisink
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Simon van Dijk
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Catalina Ferrer
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Adriaan J. Minnaard
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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