1
|
Frasca S, Galkin M, Stro̷mme M, Lindh J, Gising J. Toward Biomass-Based Organic Electronics: Continuous Flow Synthesis and Electropolymerization of N-Substituted Pyrroles. ACS Omega 2024; 9:13852-13859. [PMID: 38559979 PMCID: PMC10975589 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Pyrroles are foundational building blocks in a wide array of disciplines, including chemistry, pharmaceuticals, and materials science. Currently sourced from nonrenewable fossil sources, there is a strive to explore alternative and sustainable synthetic pathways to pyrroles utilizing renewable feedstocks. The utilization of biomass resources presents a compelling solution, particularly given that several key bulk and fine chemicals already originate from biomass. For instance, 2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran and aniline are promising candidates for biomass-based chemical production. In this study, we present an innovative approach for synthesizing N-substituted pyrroles by modifying the Clauson-Kaas protocol, starting from 2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran as the precursor. The developed methodology offers the advantage of producing pyrroles under mild reaction conditions with the potential for catalyst-free reactions depending upon the structural features of the substrate. We devised protocols suitable for both continuous flow and batch reactions, enabling the conversion of a wide range of anilines and sulfonamides into their respective N-substituted pyrroles with good to excellent yields. Moreover, we demonstrate the feasibility of depositing thin films of the corresponding polymers onto electrodes through in situ electropolymerization. This innovative application showcases the potential for sustainable, biomass-based organic electronics, thus, paving the way for environmentally friendly advancements in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Frasca
- Nanotechnology and Functional
Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ångström
Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 03Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maxim Galkin
- Nanotechnology and Functional
Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ångström
Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 03Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Stro̷mme
- Nanotechnology and Functional
Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ångström
Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 03Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Lindh
- Nanotechnology and Functional
Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ångström
Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 03Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Gising
- Nanotechnology and Functional
Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ångström
Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 03Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tammela P, Iurchenkova A, Wang Z, Strømme M, Nyholm L, Lindh J. Laser irradiation of photothermal precursors - a novel approach to produce carbon materials for supercapacitors. ChemSusChem 2024:e202301471. [PMID: 38300463 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
A wide array of carbon materials finds extensive utility across various industrial applications today. Nonetheless, the production processes for these materials continue to entail elevated temperatures, necessitate the use of inert atmospheres, and often involve the handling of aggressive and toxic chemicals. The prevalent method for large-scale carbon material production, namely the pyrolysis of waste biomass and polymers, typically unfolds within the temperature range of 500-700 °C under a nitrogen (N2 ) atmosphere. Unfortunately, this approach suffers from significant energy inefficiency due to substantial heat loss over extended processing durations. In this work, we propose an interesting alternative: the carbonization of photothermal nanocellulose/polypyrrole composite films through CO2 laser irradiation in the presence of air. This innovative technique offers a swift and energy-efficient means of preparing carbon materials. The unique interaction between nanocellulose and polypyrrole imparts the film with sufficient stability to retain its structural integrity post-carbonization. This breakthrough opens up new avenues for producing binder-free electrodes using a rapid and straightforward approach. Furthermore, the irradiated film demonstrates specific and areal capacitances of 159 F g-1 and 62 μF cm-2 , respectively, when immersed in a 2 M NaOH electrolyte. These values significantly surpass those achieved by current commercial activated carbons. Together, these attributes render CO2 -laser carbonization an environmentally sustainable and ecologically friendly method for carbon material production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petter Tammela
- Department of Material Sciences, Ångström laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 35, SE-751 03, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Iurchenkova
- Department of Material Sciences, Ångström laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 35, SE-751 03, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Department of Material Sciences, Ångström laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 35, SE-751 03, Uppsala, Sweden
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Maria Strømme
- Department of Material Sciences, Ångström laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 35, SE-751 03, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Leif Nyholm
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Lindh
- Department of Material Sciences, Ångström laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 35, SE-751 03, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Katsiotis CS, Tikhomirov E, Strømme M, Lindh J, Welch K. Combinatorial 3D printed dosage forms for a two-step and controlled drug release. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023:106486. [PMID: 37277047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fused deposition modeling (FDM) and selective laser sintering (SLS) are two of the most employed additive manufacturing (AM) techniques within the pharmaceutical research field. Despite the numerous advantages of different AM methods, their respective drawbacks have yet to be fully addressed, and therefore combinatorial systems are starting to emerge. In the present study, hybrid systems comprising SLS inserts and a two-compartment FDM shell are developed to achieve controlled release of the model drug theophylline. Via the use of SLS a partial amorphization of the drug is demonstrated, which can be advantageous in the case of poorly soluble drugs, and it is shown that sintering parameters can regulate the dosage and release kinetics of the drug from the inserts. Furthermore, via different combinations of inserts within the FDM-printed shell, various drug release patterns, such as a two-step or prolonged release, can be achieved. The study serves as a proof of concept, highlighting the advantages of combining two AM techniques, both to overcome their respective shortcomings and to develop modular and highly tunable drug delivery devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christos S Katsiotis
- Division of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 35, Uppsala SE-751 03, Sweden.
| | - Evgenii Tikhomirov
- Division of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 35, Uppsala SE-751 03, Sweden.
| | - Maria Strømme
- Division of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 35, Uppsala SE-751 03, Sweden.
| | - Jonas Lindh
- Division of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 35, Uppsala SE-751 03, Sweden.
| | - Ken Welch
- Division of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 35, Uppsala SE-751 03, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tikhomirov E, Åhlén M, Strømme M, Lindh J. In situ thermal image analysis of selective laser sintering for oral dosage form manufacturing. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 231:115396. [PMID: 37086588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Additive Manufacturing (AM) is a fast-growing approach to produce personalized oral dosage forms. Even though some AM technologies are promising as alternative to conventional compounding with resulting dosage manipulation, they still suffer from a lack of quality control. Due to the high regulatory demands and standards applied to dosage forms in the case of dose accuracy and tablet properties such as friability, effective quality control is a key feature in promoting AM as a valid technology for patient-tailored medications. One of the AM techniques used is selective laser sintering, which allows for capturing the surface state layer-by-layer during the printing process. It provides the opportunity to apply non-destructive quality control based on image analysis extracting essential data at each layer of the sintering process. This work is devoted to establishing the value of data gathered via thermal image analysis for the subsequent quality control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Tikhomirov
- Division of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Ångström Laboratory, Box 35, Uppsala SE-751 03, Sweden
| | - Michelle Åhlén
- Division of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Ångström Laboratory, Box 35, Uppsala SE-751 03, Sweden
| | - Maria Strømme
- Division of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Ångström Laboratory, Box 35, Uppsala SE-751 03, Sweden
| | - Jonas Lindh
- Division of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Ångström Laboratory, Box 35, Uppsala SE-751 03, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tikhomirov E, Åhlén M, Di Gallo N, Strømme M, Kipping T, Quodbach J, Lindh J. Selective laser sintering additive manufacturing of dosage forms: Effect of powder formulation and process parameters on the physical properties of printed tablets. Int J Pharm 2023; 635:122780. [PMID: 36849041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Large batches of placebo and drug-loaded solid dosage forms were successfully fabricated using selective laser sintering (SLS) 3D printing in this study. The tablet batches were prepared using either copovidone (N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and vinyl acetate, PVP/VA) or polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and activated carbon (AC) as radiation absorbent, which was added to improve the sintering of the polymer. The physical properties of the dosage forms were evaluated at different pigment concentrations (i.e., 0.5 and 1.0 wt%) and at different laser energy inputs. The mass, hardness, and friability of the tablets were found to be tunable and structures with greater mass and mechanical strength were obtained with increasing carbon concentration and energy input. Amorphization of the active pharmaceutical ingredient in the drug-loaded batches, containing 10 wt% naproxen and 1 wt% AC, was achieved in-situ during printing. Thus, amorphous solid dispersions were prepared in a single-step process and produced tablets with mass losses below 1 wt%. These findings show how the properties of dosage forms can be tuned by careful selection of the process parameters and the powder formulation. SLS 3D printing can therefore be considered to be an interesting and promising technique for the fabrication of personalized medicines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Tikhomirov
- Division of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 03, Box 35, Sweden
| | - Michelle Åhlén
- Division of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 03, Box 35, Sweden
| | - Nicole Di Gallo
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, Postcode: D033/001, Darmstadt DE-642 93, Germany
| | - Maria Strømme
- Division of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 03, Box 35, Sweden
| | - Thomas Kipping
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, Postcode: D033/001, Darmstadt DE-642 93, Germany
| | - Julian Quodbach
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Jonas Lindh
- Division of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 03, Box 35, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Piehl F, Eriksson-Dufva A, Budzianowska A, Feresiadou A, Hansson W, Hietala MA, Håkansson I, Johansson R, Jons D, Kmezic I, Lindberg C, Lindh J, Lundin F, Nygren I, Punga AR, Press R, Samuelsson K, Sundström P, Wickberg O, Brauner S, Frisell T. Efficacy and Safety of Rituximab for New-Onset Generalized Myasthenia Gravis: The RINOMAX Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Neurol 2022; 79:1105-1112. [PMID: 36121672 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.2887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Importance Rituximab is a third-line option for refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (MG) based on empirical evidence, but its effect in new-onset disease is unknown. Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of rituximab compared with placebo as an add-on to standard of care for MG. Design, Setting, and Participants This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study took place throughout 48 weeks at 7 regional clinics in Sweden. Key inclusion criteria were age older than 18 years, onset of generalized symptoms within 12 months or less, and a Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis (QMG) score of 6 or more. Patients were screened from October 20, 2016, to March 2, 2020. Key exclusion criteria included pure ocular MG, suspected thymoma, previous thymectomy, and prior noncorticosteroid immunosuppressants or high doses of corticosteroids. Interventions Participants were randomized 1:1 without stratification to a single intravenous infusion of 500 mg of rituximab or matching placebo. Main Outcomes and Measures Minimal disease manifestations at 16 weeks defined as a QMG score of 4 or less with prednisolone, 10 mg or less daily, and no rescue treatment. Results Of 87 potentially eligible patients, 25 were randomized to rituximab (mean [SD] age, 67.4 [13.4] years; 7 [28%] female) and 22 to placebo (mean [SD] age, 58 [18.6] years; 7 [32%] female). Compared with placebo, a greater proportion with rituximab met the primary end point; 71% (17 of 24) in the rituximab group vs 29% (6 of 21) in the placebo group (Fisher exact test P = .007; probability ratio, 2.48 [95% CI, 1.20-5.11]). Secondary end points, comparing changes in Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Daily Living and Myasthenia Gravis Quality of Life at 16 weeks with QMG at 24 weeks did not differ between groups with censoring for rescue treatment (per-protocol analysis) but were in favor of active treatment when rescue treatment was taken into account by worst rank imputation (post hoc analysis). Rescue treatments were also more frequent in the placebo arm (rituximab: 1 [4%]; placebo, 8 [36%]). One patient in the placebo arm had a myocardial infarction with cardiac arrest and 1 patient in the active arm experienced a fatal cardiac event. Conclusions and Relevance A single dose of 500 mg of rituximab was associated with greater probability of minimal MG manifestations and reduced need of rescue medications compared with placebo. Further studies are needed to address long-term benefit-risk balance with this treatment. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02950155.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Piehl
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Neuroimmunology Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann Eriksson-Dufva
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Neuroimmunology Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Budzianowska
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, Ryhov Regional Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Amalia Feresiadou
- Department of Neurology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Neurology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - William Hansson
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Max Albert Hietala
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Irene Håkansson
- Department of Neurology, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Rune Johansson
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, Central Hospital Karlstad, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Daniel Jons
- Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ivan Kmezic
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher Lindberg
- Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonas Lindh
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, Ryhov Regional Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Lundin
- Department of Neurology, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ingela Nygren
- Department of Neurology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Neurology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Rostedt Punga
- Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Neurophysiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rayomand Press
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristin Samuelsson
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Sundström
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Oskar Wickberg
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, Central Hospital Karlstad, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Susanna Brauner
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Neuroimmunology Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Frisell
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sjöström M, Arvidsson M, Söderström L, Lilja M, Lindh J, Widerström M. Outbreak of Cryptosporidium hominis in northern Sweden: persisting symptoms in a 5-year follow-up. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:2043-2049. [PMID: 35451705 PMCID: PMC9192462 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07524-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In 2010-2011, a waterborne outbreak of the parasite, Cryptosporidium hominis, affected approximately 27,000 inhabitants in the city of Östersund, Sweden. Previous research suggested that post-infectious symptoms, such as gastrointestinal symptoms and joint pain, could persist for up to 2 years after the initial infection. In this study, we investigated whether the parasite caused post-infectious sequelae for up to 5 years after the outbreak. Prospective cohort study. A randomly selected cohort of individuals residing in Östersund at the time of the outbreak was sent a postal questionnaire in 2011. Responders were sent a follow-up questionnaire in 2016 and completed items on whether they experienced a list of symptoms. We examined whether outbreak cases were more likely than non-cases to report post-infectious symptoms 5 years later. We analysed data using logistic regression and calculated odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. The analysis included 626 individuals. Among the 262 individuals infected during the outbreak, 56.5% reported symptoms at follow-up. Compared to non-cases, outbreak cases were more likely to report watery diarrhoea, diarrhoea, swollen joints, abdominal pain, bloating, joint discomfort, acid indigestion, alternating bowel habits, joint pain, ocular pain, nausea, and fatigue at the follow-up, after adjusting for age and sex. Our findings suggested that cryptosporidiosis was mainly associated with gastrointestinal- and joint-related post-infectious symptoms for up to 5 years after the infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malin Sjöström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - M Arvidsson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - L Söderström
- Unit of Research, Education and Development-Östersund Hospital, Östersund, Sweden
| | - M Lilja
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Research, Education, and Development, Östersund Hospital, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - J Lindh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Widerström
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Blasi-Romero A, Palo-Nieto C, Sandström C, Lindh J, Strømme M, Ferraz N. In Vitro Investigation of Thiol-Functionalized Cellulose Nanofibrils as a Chronic Wound Environment Modulator. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:249. [PMID: 33451171 PMCID: PMC7828681 DOI: 10.3390/polym13020249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is currently a huge need for new, improved therapeutic approaches for the treatment of chronic wounds. One promising strategy is to develop wound dressings capable of modulating the chronic wound environment (e.g., by controlling the high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and proteases). Here, we selected the thiol-containing amino acid cysteine to endow wood-derived cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) with bioactivity toward the modulation of ROS levels and protease activity. Cysteine was covalently incorporated into CNF and the functionalized material, herein referred as cys-CNF, was characterized in terms of chemical structure, degree of substitution, radical scavenging capacity, and inhibition of protease activity. The stability of the thiol groups was evaluated over time, and an in vitro cytotoxicity study with human dermal fibroblasts was performed to evaluate the safety profile of cys-CNF. Results showed that cys-CNF was able to efficiently control the activity of the metalloprotease collagenase and to inhibit the free radical DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical), activities that were correlated with the presence of free thiol groups on the nanofibers. The stability study showed that the reactivity of the thiol groups challenged the bioactivity over time. Nevertheless, preparing the material as an aerogel and storing it in an inert atmosphere were shown to be valid approaches to increase the stability of the thiol groups in cys-CNF. No signs of toxicity were observed on the dermal fibroblasts when exposed to cys-CNF (concentration range 0.1-0.5 mg/mL). The present work highlights cys-CNF as a promising novel material for the development of bioactive wound dressings for the treatment of chronic wounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Blasi-Romero
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Material Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 35, 75103 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.B.-R.); (C.P.-N.); (J.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Carlos Palo-Nieto
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Material Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 35, 75103 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.B.-R.); (C.P.-N.); (J.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Corine Sandström
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7015, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Jonas Lindh
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Material Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 35, 75103 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.B.-R.); (C.P.-N.); (J.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Maria Strømme
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Material Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 35, 75103 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.B.-R.); (C.P.-N.); (J.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Natalia Ferraz
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Material Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 35, 75103 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.B.-R.); (C.P.-N.); (J.L.); (M.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bruhn H, Dahle C, Vrethem M, Henriksson R, Lindh J. P14.09 INITIAL GLOBAL SYMPTOMS IN GLIOBLASTOMA ARE OFTEN MISINTERPRETED AND ASSOCIATED WITH SHORTER SURVIVAL. Neuro Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz126.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
A seizure as the only symptom before diagnosing glioblastoma improves survival rate. Apart from seizures, the main presenting symptom of glioma in adults is cognitive dysfunction. The effect of generalized symptoms or loss of function on lead times and survival of glioblastoma has not been studied. Generalized symptoms include cognitive dysfunction, headache, dizziness and fatigue. Loss of function comprise paresis, sensory deficit and speech aberrations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different presenting symptoms regarding health care level, lead times and survival.
MATERIAL AND METHOD
Medical case notes regarding 189 consecutive patients with histopathologically verified glioblastoma, were reviewed for information about the date and level of care of the first medical appointment, presenting symptom/s, and date of the diagnostic radiology. The extent of surgery was noted. Data on oncologic treatment was retrieved. Summary statistics were provided for patient demographics and treatment factors. The estimates of overall survival were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Survival time was calculated from the date of radiological diagnosis.
RESULTS
The majority of patients (66%) presented with generalized symptoms, which significantly reduced survival compared to not having generalized symptoms (mean survival 10.5 months vs 19.9 months, p=0.001). The most common generalized symptom was cognitive dysfunction which further reduced survival (mean survival 9.0 months, p=0.0001). Among the different cognitive aberrations, personality change and memory impairment were associated with a significantly poorer survival, (mean survival 7.9 months, p=0.015 and 8.0 months p=0.010, respectively). Disorientation also significantly reduced survival (mean survival 8.2 months p=0.001). Presenting with loss of function (58%) did not influence survival (mean survival 12.3 months). 32% of patients with an epileptic seizure as initial symptom had significantly prolonged survival compared to those not having an epileptic seizure (mean 18.9 months vs 11.0 months p=0.002). When comparing focal and secondary generalized epileptic seizures, focal epileptic seizures were more favorable. The first medical appointment was evenly distributed between primary health care and the emergency units. 8.4% of patients had multiple contacts in primary health care without being admitted to radiology or specialized care. All but one of them presented with generalized symptoms.
CONCLUSION
Glioblastoma patients presenting with generalized symptoms such as cognitive dysfunction are difficult to identify and have significantly poorer survival than other glioblastoma patients. Patients presenting with an epileptic seizure have shorter leadtime and longer survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Bruhn
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - C Dahle
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - M Vrethem
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linkoping, Sweden
| | | | - J Lindh
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linkoping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Eneh LK, Fillinger U, Borg Karlson AK, Kuttuva Rajarao G, Lindh J. Anopheles arabiensis oviposition site selection in response to habitat persistence and associated physicochemical parameters, bacteria and volatile profiles. Med Vet Entomol 2019; 33:56-67. [PMID: 30168151 PMCID: PMC6359949 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of the oviposition behaviour of malaria vectors might facilitate the development of new vector control tools. However, the factors that guide the aquatic habitat selection of gravid females are poorly understood. The present study explored the relative attractiveness of similar artificial ponds (0.8 m2 ) aged at varying lengths prior to opening in such a way that wild Anopheles arabiensis could choose between ponds that were freshly set up, or were aged 4 or 17 days old, to lay eggs. Physicochemical parameters, bacterial profile and volatile organic compounds emitted from ponds were investigated over three experimental rounds. Fresh ponds contained on average twice as many An. arabiensis instar larvae (mean 50, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 29-85) as the ponds that had aged 4 days (mean = 24, 95% CI = 14-42) and 17 days (mean = 20, 95% CI: 12-34). Fresh ponds were associated with a significantly higher turbidity combined with higher water temperature, higher nitrite levels and a lower pH and chlorophyll level than the older ponds. Round by round analyses suggested that bacteria communities differed between age groups and also that 4-heptanone, 2-ethylhexanal and an isomer of octenal were exclusively detected from the fresh ponds. These characteristics may be useful with respect to developing attract and kill strategies for malaria vector control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L K Eneh
- Chemical Ecology, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Science in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - U Fillinger
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Human Health Theme, Thomas Odhiambo Campus, Mbita, Kenya
| | - A K Borg Karlson
- Chemical Ecology, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Science in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Kuttuva Rajarao
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Lindh
- Chemical Ecology, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Science in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rocha I, Hattori Y, Diniz M, Mihranyan A, Strømme M, Lindh J. Spectroscopic and Physicochemical Characterization of Sulfonated Cladophora Cellulose Beads. Langmuir 2018; 34:11121-11125. [PMID: 30169040 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The work presents a full physicochemical characterization of sulfonated cellulose beads prepared from Cladophora nanocellulose intended for use in biological systems. 2,3-Dialdehyde cellulose (DAC) beads were sulfonated, and transformation of up to 50% of the aldehyde groups was achieved, resulting in highly charged and porous materials compared to the compact surface of the DAC beads. The porosity could be tailored by adjusting the degree of sulfonation, and a subsequent reduction of the aldehyde groups to hydroxyl groups maintained the bead structure without considerable alteration of the surface properties. The thermal stability of the DAC beads was significantly increased with the sulfonation and reduction reactions. Raman spectroscopy also showed to be a useful technique for the characterization of sulfonated cellulose materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Rocha
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil , Brasília DF 70040-020 , Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pan R, Xu X, Sun R, Wang Z, Lindh J, Edström K, Strømme M, Nyholm L. Nanocellulose Modified Polyethylene Separators for Lithium Metal Batteries. Small 2018; 14:e1704371. [PMID: 29675952 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201704371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Poor cycling stability and safety concerns regarding lithium (Li) metal anodes are two major issues preventing the commercialization of high-energy density Li metal-based batteries. Herein, a novel tri-layer separator design that significantly enhances the cycling stability and safety of Li metal-based batteries is presented. A thin, thermally stable, flexible, and hydrophilic cellulose nanofiber layer, produced using a straightforward paper-making process, is directly laminated on each side of a plasma-treated polyethylene (PE) separator. The 2.5 µm thick, mesoporous (≈20 nm average pore size) cellulose nanofiber layer stabilizes the Li metal anodes by generating a uniform Li+ flux toward the electrode through its homogenous nanochannels, leading to improved cycling stability. As the tri-layer separator maintains its dimensional stability even at 200 °C when the internal PE layer is melted and blocks the ion transport through the separator, the separator also provides an effective thermal shutdown function. The present nanocellulose-based tri-layer separator design thus significantly facilitates the realization of high-energy density Li metal-based batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruijun Pan
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xingxing Xu
- Solid State Electronics, Department of Engineering Sciences, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rui Sun
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Lindh
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kristina Edström
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Strømme
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Leif Nyholm
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ruan CQ, Strømme M, Lindh J. Preparation of porous 2,3-dialdehyde cellulose beads crosslinked with chitosan and their application in adsorption of Congo red dye. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 181:200-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
14
|
Ruan CQ, Gustafsson S, Strømme M, Mihranyan A, Lindh J. Cellulose Nanofibers Prepared via Pretreatment Based on Oxone ® Oxidation. Molecules 2017; 22:E2177. [PMID: 29292731 PMCID: PMC6149769 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Softwood sulfite bleached cellulose pulp was oxidized with Oxone® and cellulose nanofibers (CNF) were produced after mechanical treatment with a high-shear homogenizer. UV-vis transmittance of dispersions of oxidized cellulose with different degrees of mechanical treatment was recorded. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs and atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of samples prepared from the translucent dispersions showed individualized cellulose nanofibers with a width of about 10 nm and lengths of a few hundred nm. All results demonstrated that more translucent CNF dispersions could be obtained after the pretreatment of cellulose pulp by Oxone® oxidation compared with the samples produced without pretreatment. The intrinsic viscosity of the cellulose decreased after oxidation and was further reduced after mechanical treatment. Almost translucent cellulose films were prepared from the dispersions of individualized cellulose nanofibers. The procedure described herein constitutes a green, novel, and efficient route to access CNF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Qing Ruan
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Simon Gustafsson
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Maria Strømme
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Albert Mihranyan
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Jonas Lindh
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
A new method for favored C6 oxidation of cellulose was developed. The method uses the commercially available oxidant Oxone to provide the oxidized cellulose in good yields. The oxidation is conveniently carried out in a one-pot procedure in water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Qing Ruan
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials
- Department of Engineering Sciences
- Uppsala University
- 75121 Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Maria Strømme
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials
- Department of Engineering Sciences
- Uppsala University
- 75121 Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Albert Mihranyan
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials
- Department of Engineering Sciences
- Uppsala University
- 75121 Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Jonas Lindh
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials
- Department of Engineering Sciences
- Uppsala University
- 75121 Uppsala
- Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
The current work presents a synthesis route based on the reductive amination of 2,3-dialdehyde cellulose beads with diamines to render micrometer-sized beads with increased specific surface area (SSA) and porosity in the mesoporous range. Specifically, the influence of the reductive amination of 2,3-dialdehyde cellulose (DAC) using aliphatic and aromatic tethered mono- and diamines on bead microstructure was investigated. Aliphatic and aromatic tethered monoamines were found to have limited utility for producing porous beads whereas the introduction of diamines provided beads with a porous texture and an SSA increasing from <1 to >30 m(2)/g. Both aliphatic and aromatic diamines were found to be useful in producing porous beads having a pore size distribution range of 10 to 100 nm, as verified by N2 gas adsorption and mercury intrusion porosimetry analyses. The true density of the functionalized DAC beads decreased to an average of about 1.36 g/cm(3) as compared to 1.48 g/cm(3) for the unfunctionalized, fully oxidized DAC beads. The total porosity of the beads was, according to mercury porosimetry, in the range of 54-64%. Reductive amination with 1,7-diaminoheptane provided beads that were stable under alkaline conditions (1 M NaOH). It was concluded that the introduction of tethered diamines into DAC beads is a facile method for producing mesoporous beads.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Lindh
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University , Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Changqing Ruan
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University , Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Strømme
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University , Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Albert Mihranyan
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University , Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
The susceptibility of Iα- and Iβ-dominated cellulose to TEMPO-mediated oxidation was studied in this work since the cellulose Iα-allomorph is generally considered to be thermodynamically less stable and therefore more reactive than the cellulose Iβ-allomorph. Highly crystalline Cladophora nanocellulose, which is dominated by the Iα-allomorph, was oxidized to various degrees with TEMPO oxidant via bulk electrolysis in the absence of co-oxidants. Further, the Cladophora nanocellulose was thermally annealed in glycerol to produce its Iβ-dominated form and then oxidized. The produced materials were subsequently studied using FTIR, CP/MAS (13)C NMR, XRD, and SEM. The solid-state analyses confirmed that the annealed Cladophora cellulose was successfully transformed from an Iα- to an Iβ-dominated form. The results of the analyses of pristine and annealed TEMPO-oxidized samples suggest that Iα- and Iβ-dominated cellulose do not differ in susceptibility to TEMPO-oxidation. This work hence suggests that cellulose from different sources are not expected to differ in susceptibility to the oxidation due to differences in allomorph composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel O Carlsson
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Lindh
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Strømme
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Albert Mihranyan
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Carlsson DO, Lindh J, Nyholm L, Strømme M, Mihranyan A. Cooxidant-free TEMPO-mediated oxidation of highly crystalline nanocellulose in water. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra11182f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
19
|
Lindh J, Carlsson DO, Strømme M, Mihranyan A. Convenient One-Pot Formation of 2,3-Dialdehyde Cellulose Beads via Periodate Oxidation of Cellulose in Water. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:1928-32. [DOI: 10.1021/bm5002944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Lindh
- Nanotechnology
and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box
534, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel O. Carlsson
- Nanotechnology
and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box
534, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Strømme
- Nanotechnology
and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box
534, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Albert Mihranyan
- Nanotechnology
and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box
534, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
- Division
of Materials Science, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Axelsson L, Veron JB, Sävmarker J, Lindh J, Odell LR, Larhed M. An improved palladium(II)-catalyzed method for the synthesis of aryl ketones from aryl carboxylic acids and organonitriles. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.02.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
21
|
Fardost A, Lindh J, Sjöberg PJR, Larhed M. Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Heck Arylations of Acyclic Electron-Rich Olefins with Internal Selectivity. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201301004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
22
|
Persson B, Vrethem M, Murgia N, Lindh J, Hällsten AL, Fredrikson M, Tondel M. Urinary 2,5-hexanedione excretion in cryptogenic polyneuropathy compared to the general Swedish population. J Occup Med Toxicol 2013; 8:21. [PMID: 23898939 PMCID: PMC3733657 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6673-8-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD) is the main neurotoxic metabolite of methyl-n-butyl ketone (MBK) and n-hexane, and known to cause polyneuropathy. The aim of our study was to compare the urinary levels of 2,5-HD between cases with cryptogenic polyneuropathy and the general Swedish population, and to elucidate the role of certain external factors. Methods Morning urine samples were collected from 114 cases with cryptogenic polyneuropathy (77 men and 37 women) and 227 referents (110 men and 117 women) randomly selected from the population registry. None had any current occupational exposure to n-hexane or MBK. The urine samples were analysed by a gas chromatographic method based on acidic hydrolysis. Results Cases had statistically higher urinary levels of 2,5-HD (0.48 mg/L) than the general population (0.41 mg/L) and men higher excretion than women (0.48 mg/L and 0.38 mg/L, respectively). There was no difference in 2,5-HD levels between current smokers and non-smokers. Occupational exposure to xylene, alcohol consumption and ever exposed to general anaesthesia were associated with lower excretion in men while for occupational exposure to nitrous oxide in women higher excretion was seen. Higher excretion of 2,5 HD was inversely related to increasing age. Conclusions Significantly higher levels of urinary 2,5-HD were seen in men and cryptogenic polyneuropathy cases seemingly unexposed to n-hexane. Hypothetically, this might be due to either differences in metabolic patterns or some concealed exposure. The difference in means between cases and the general population is small and can therefore not allow any firm conclusions of the causality, however.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bodil Persson
- Division of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Vrethem M, Lindh J, Tondel M, Persson B, Dahle C. IgA antibodies against tissue transglutaminase, endomysium and gliadin in idiopathic polyneuropathy. Acta Neurol Scand 2013; 127:109-15. [PMID: 22651850 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2012.01687.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the prevalence of antibodies of IgA class against tissue transglutaminase (tTG), endomysium (EMA) and gliadin (AGA) in patients with chronic idiopathic axonal polyneuropathy (CIAP) and to characterize the patients clinically and neurophysiologically. METHODS Of 182 patients, 126 patients agreed to blood sampling. Sera were analysed by ELISAs detecting anti-tTG and AGA, whereas EMA was analysed by indirect immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy. Gastrointestinal symptoms were assessed by data from medical records and patient interviews. RESULTS Nine of 126 patients (7%) were seropositive in at least one test (five with positive anti-tTG and/or EMA and four with positive AGA only). One patient with elevated levels of all specificities had laboratory signs of malabsorption and gastrointestinal complaints with abdominal pain and diarrhoea. CONCLUSIONS Elevated levels of IgA-AGA were slightly more frequent in patients with CIAP (4%) compared to 2.5% in 1866 healthy blood donors. Highly specific serological markers indicative of coeliac disease (CD) (anti-tTG and EMA) were somewhat more common in our patients with CIAP (4%) than expected from normal reference values and from studies of the prevalence of CD in the general population. Even though these findings may indicate a relationship, the aetiological importance is unclear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Lindh
- Section of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine; Ryhov County Hospital; Jönköping; Sweden
| | | | - B. Persson
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg; Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Margolin S, Lindh J, Thorén L, Xie H, Koukel L, Dahl ML, Eliasson E. Abstract PD10-09: CYP2D6 and adjuvant tamoxifen: Impact on outcome in pre- but not postmenopausal breast cancer patients. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs12-pd10-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The therapeutic effect of tamoxifen in adjuvant treatment of hormone receptor positive breast cancer might be impaired in patients with cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) genotypes that predispose to decreased formation of potent anti-estrogenic tamoxifen metabolites. However, previous studies have shown inconsistent findings in this regard. In light of two recent studies failing to show an impact of CYP2D6 genotype on outcome in postmenopausal patients, we hypothesized that deficient CYP2D6 might be of greater importance in premenopausal patients with high levels of circulating estrogen. We therefore aimed to study the effect of CYP2D6 activity in both pre- and postmenopausal patients who were adherent to tamoxifen treatment for at least one year.
Methods: 382 patients, from a population-based cohort of unselected breast cancer patients that were prescribed adjuvant tamoxifen for five years, constituted the base of the study. Information on menopausal status, tumor characteristics, treatment data including compliance and outcome was retrieved from medical records. Comprehensive CYP2D6 genotyping was performed and functionally translated into constitutive, metabolic activity.
Results: In patients adherent to tamoxifen for at least one year (n = 313) there was an association of reduced CYP2D6 activity (≤50% of normal) to both recurrence (p = 0.02) and breast cancer-specific mortality (p = 0.03). In a multivariable analysis including CYP2D6 activity, age at diagnosis, tumor size, lymph node status, grade, adjuvant chemotherapy and concomitant use of CYP2D6 inhibitors, CYP2D6 remained an independent predictor of recurrence (HR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.18–0.85, p = 0.02) and breast cancer specific survival (HR = 0.33, 95% CI 0.12–0.90, p = 0.03). Gradually decreasing CYP2D6 activity paralleled increasing risk of recurrence and breast cancer related mortality. The effect of CYP2D6 derived mainly from premenopausal patients with an association to both recurrence (p = 0.01) and breast cancer specific survival (p = 0.04). There was no such association in the postmenopausal group.
Conclusion: In a prospectively collected cohort of tamoxifen-treated breast cancer patients, an association between CYP2D6 genotype and outcome was evident in patients that were adherent to tamoxifen treatment for at least a year. Importantly, this effect derived from premenopausal patients only.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr PD10-09.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Margolin
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Lindh
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Thorén
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - H Xie
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Koukel
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M-L Dahl
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Eliasson
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Vrethem M, Malmgren K, Lindh J. A patient with both narcolepsy and multiple sclerosis in association with Pandemrix vaccination. J Neurol Sci 2012; 321:89-91. [PMID: 22841884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2012.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Vrethem
- Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, County Council of Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wahlström H, Lindberg A, Lindh J, Wallensten A, Lindqvist R, Plym-Forshell L, Osterman Lind E, Ågren EO, Widgren S, Carlsson U, Christensson D, Cedersmyg M, Lindström E, Olsson GE, Hörnfeldt B, Barragan A, Davelid C, Hjertqvist M, Elvander M. Investigations and actions taken during 2011 due to the first finding of Echinococcus multilocularis in Sweden. Euro Surveill 2012; 17. [DOI: 10.2807/ese.17.28.20215-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Echinococcus multilocularis is a parasite that can cause alveolar echinococcosis disease. After the first positive finding of E. multilocularis in Sweden in 2011, a consulting group with representatives from relevant authorities was summoned. In this group, all relevant information was shared, strategies for information dissemination and any actions to be taken due to the finding of E. multilocularis were discussed and decided. The present paper describes the actions taken during 2011 and the results thereof, including surveillance in animals, risk assessment for humans to become infected and recommendations given to the public. Further discussion about whether the parasite was introduced, and if so, how, as well as possible future development of the infection in animals and humans in Sweden and future actions are included.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Wahlström
- National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Lindberg
- National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Lindh
- Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, Solna, Sweden
| | - A Wallensten
- Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, Solna, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - E O Ågren
- National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S Widgren
- National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - U Carlsson
- National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - M Cedersmyg
- Swedish Board of Agriculture, Jönköping, Sweden
| | | | - G E Olsson
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - B Hörnfeldt
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - A Barragan
- Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, Solna, Sweden
| | - C Davelid
- National Board of Health and Welfare, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Hjertqvist
- Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, Solna, Sweden
| | - M Elvander
- National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sävmarker J, Lindh J, Nilsson P, Sjöberg PJR, Larhed M. Oxidative Heck Reactions using Aryltrifluoroborates and Aryl N-Methyliminodiacetic Acid (MIDA) Boronates. ChemistryOpen 2012; 1:140-6. [PMID: 24551502 PMCID: PMC3922452 DOI: 10.1002/open.201200007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Sävmarker
- Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Uppsala University Box 574, 751 23 Uppsala (Sweden) E-mail:
| | - Jonas Lindh
- Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Uppsala University Box 574, 751 23 Uppsala (Sweden) E-mail:
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Uppsala University Box 574, 751 23 Uppsala (Sweden) E-mail:
| | - Per J R Sjöberg
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Biomedical Centre (BMC), Uppsala University Box 599, 751 23 Uppsala (Sweden)
| | - Mats Larhed
- Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Uppsala University Box 574, 751 23 Uppsala (Sweden) E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Emilsson S, Svensk AC, Tavelin B, Lindh J. Support group participation during the post-operative radiotherapy period increases levels of coping resources among women with breast cancer. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2012; 21:591-8. [PMID: 22487421 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2354.2012.01343.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
r Being diagnosed with breast cancer is a traumatic experience that can elevate levels of distress and cause depletion of coping resources in many of the disease's victims. This non-randomised case-control study among breast cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy indicates that participation in a support group that focuses on communication and mutual sharing between its member's has positive effects and increases levels of coping resources assessed with the Coping Resources Inventory (CRI). Results of the CRI showed a significant difference between the study group and control group in the social domain at the second occasion of measurement (P= 0.007) and in the emotional domain at the third occasion (P= 0.028). Within the study group, over time, increased levels of coping resources reached significant levels concerning the emotional domain at the second occasion (P= 0.025). Conversely, coping resources were decreased in the same domain within the control group over time, at the third occasion (P= 0.053). Additionally, anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, showing no difference between the groups. This study shows that participation in a support group during post-operative radiotherapy can be socially and emotionally strengthening because of the opportunity for the patients to mutually share experiences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Emilsson
- Department of Cancercentrum, Section for Hematology, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lindh J, Söderkvist P, Fredrikson M, Hosseininia S, Tondel M, Persson B, Vrethem M. Polymorphisms of GSTT1, GSTM1, and EPHX genotypes in patients with cryptogenic polyneuropathy: a case-control study. Brain Behav 2011; 1:135-41. [PMID: 22399093 PMCID: PMC3236538 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze whether polymorphisms for the null alleles of Glutathione S-Transferase Mu-1 (GSTM1), Glutathione S-Transferase Theta-1 (GSTT1), and a low-activity genetic variation of epoxide hydrolase exon three (EPHX*3) affect the risk of developing polyneuropathy. The enzymes of these genes are important in the metabolism of toxic compounds. Seventy-nine patients with cryptogenic polyneuropathy (equivalent to chronic idiopathic axonal neuropathy) and 398 controls were tested for the genetic polymorphism. Medical records were reviewed to collect data regarding clinical findings at diagnosis, and exposure data was collected via questionnaires. The odds ratios (ORs) for the null forms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 and the normal activity YY form of EPHX*3 were close to one except GSTT1, which reached 1.86. The highest risk of polyneuropathy was found in smokers with GSTT1 null, who had a 3.7 times increased risk. Interactions between genes were analyzed and confirmed the increased OR for GSTT1, which was strongest if the patients had the low-activity HH form of EPHX*3 (OR 2.37). Our hypothesis is that the GSTT1 null polymorphism may be related to an impaired metabolism of toxic substances that could lead to nerve damage in the peripheral nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Lindh
- Section of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ryhov County Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Peter Söderkvist
- Division of Cellular Biology, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mats Fredrikson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Shahrzad Hosseininia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Martin Tondel
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bodil Persson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Magnus Vrethem
- Departments of Neurology and Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Linköping, Linköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
|
31
|
Lindh J, Sjöberg PJR, Larhed M. Synthesis of Aryl Ketones by Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Addition of Benzoic Acids to Nitriles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201003009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
32
|
Lindh J, Tondel M, Persson B, Vrethem M. Health-related quality of life in patients with cryptogenic polyneuropathy compared with the general population. Disabil Rehabil 2010; 33:617-23. [PMID: 20690857 DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2010.505996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the quality of life (QOL) in patients with cryptogenic polyneuropathy. METHOD Two validated instruments (SF-36 and EQ-5D) were sent to 86 patients with a 72% response rate (44 men, 18 women). As reference, 2721 individuals (1292 men, 1429 women; 59% response rate) from the general population responded to the same QOL instruments. RESULTS Compared to the general population, QOL was significantly more affected in patients with polyneuropathy concerning motor functions, with 42% of the patients reporting problems with walking, 7% having difficulties with washing and dressing, and 31% having problems with usual activities (work, study, household work, and family or leisure activities). The EQ-5D results showed that 85% of the patients were suffering from pain compared to 56% of the general population. Mental health was preserved among patients with polyneuropathy. Mobility was declining with increasing age in patients, but was not affected by disease duration. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that patients with cryptogenic polyneuropathy have a lower QOL compared to the general population, although mental health scores did not differ between the groups. This information may be helpful when explaining the disease and its impact on newly diagnosed patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Lindh
- Section of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ryhov County Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Åberg O, Stevens M, Lindh J, Wallinder C, Hall H, Monazzam A, Larhed M, Långström B. Synthesis and evaluation of a 11C-labelled angiotensin II AT2 receptor ligand. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
34
|
Odell LR, Lindh J, Gustafsson T, Larhed M. Continuous Flow Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Oxidative Heck Reactions with Arylboronic Acids. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
35
|
Andaloussi M, Lindh J, Sävmarker J, Sjöberg PJR, Larhed M. Microwave-promoted palladium(II)-catalyzed C-P bond formation by using arylboronic acids or aryltrifluoroborates. Chemistry 2010; 15:13069-74. [PMID: 19856344 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The first Pd(II)-catalyzed P arylation has been performed by using palladium acetate, the rigid bidentate ligand dmphen (dmphen=2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline), and without the addition of base or acid. Couplings of arylboronic acids or aryl trifluoroborates with H-phosphonate dialkyl esters were conducted in 30 min with controlled microwave (MW) heating under non-inert conditions. Aryl phosphites were also synthesized at room temperature with atmospheric air as the sole reoxidant. The arylated phosphonates were isolated in 44-90 % yields. The excellent chemoselectivity of the method was illustrated in the synthesis of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis glutamine synthetase (MTB-GS) inhibitor. Online ESIMS was used to detect cationic palladium species in ongoing reactions directly, and a catalytic cycle has been proposed based on these results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mounir Andaloussi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, BMC, Box-574, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Svensk AC, Oster I, Thyme KE, Magnusson E, Sjödin M, Eisemann M, Aström S, Lindh J. Art therapy improves experienced quality of life among women undergoing treatment for breast cancer: a randomized controlled study. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2009; 18:69-77. [PMID: 19473224 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2354.2008.00952.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Women with breast cancer are naturally exposed to strain related to diagnosis and treatment, and this influences their experienced quality of life (QoL). The present paper reports the effect, with regard to QoL aspects, of an art therapy intervention among 41 women undergoing radiotherapy treatment for breast cancer. The women were randomized to an intervention group with individual art therapy sessions for 1 h/week (n = 20), or to a control group (n = 21). The WHOQOL-BREF and EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire-BR23, were used for QoL assessment, and administrated on three measurement occasions, before the start of radiotherapy and 2 and 6 months later. The results indicate an overall improvement in QoL aspects among women in the intervention group. A significant increase in total health, total QoL, physical health and psychological health was observed in the art therapy group. A significant positive difference within the art therapy group was also seen, concerning future perspectives, body image and systemic therapy side effects. The present study provides strong support for the use of art therapy to improve QoL for women undergoing radiotherapy treatment for breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A-C Svensk
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lindh J, Sävmarker J, Nilsson P, Sjöberg PJR, Larhed M. Synthesis of styrenes by palladium(II)-catalyzed vinylation of arylboronic acids and aryltrifluoroborates by using vinyl acetate. Chemistry 2009; 15:4630-6. [PMID: 19274694 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200802744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
One Heck of a reaction: Treatment of arylboronic acids or aryltrifluoroborates with vinyl acetate by using a palladium(II) catalyst gives the corresponding styrenes (see scheme). No palladium reoxidant is needed and the vinylation is performed under non-inert conditionsReactions of aromatic and heteroaromatic boronic acids or aryltrifluoroborate salts with vinyl acetate in the presence of a palladium(II) catalyst give the corresponding styrenes in good yields. This Heck reaction proceeds with microwave heating in less than 30 min at 140 degrees C in the absence of base and tolerates a variety of substituents. No palladium reoxidant is needed and the vinylation is performed under non-inert conditions. Mass spectrometry (electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESIMS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS)) was used to identify cationic palladium-containing complexes in ongoing reactions. The key intermediates that have been detected, together with experiments that used deuterated vinyl acetate, support the existence of catalytically active palladium hydride species, and that it is the arylation of ethylene, not vinyl acetate, which generates the styrene product. The mechanism of the reaction is discussed in terms of the palladium(II) intermediates mentioned above.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Lindh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, BMC, Box-574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Lindh
- Section of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ryhov County Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Lindström I, Sundar N, Lindh J, Kironde F, Kabasa JD, Kwok OCH, Dubey JP, Smith JE. Isolation and genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii from Ugandan chickens reveals frequent multiple infections. Parasitology 2007; 135:39-45. [PMID: 17892617 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182007003654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The genetic make-up of an infecting Toxoplasma gondii strain may be important for the outcome of infection and the risk of reactivation of chronic disease. In order to survey the distribution of different genotypes within an area, free-range chickens act as a good model species. In this study 85 chickens were used to investigate the prevalence, genotype and mouse virulence of T. gondii in Kampala, Uganda. Antibodies were detected in 40 chickens, of which 20 had MAT-titres of 1:20 or higher and were also positive by PCR. Genotyping of 5 loci (SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB and GRA6) showed that 6 strains belonged to genotype I, 8 to Type II and 1 to Type III. Five chickens had multiple infections; 3 individuals with Type I plus Type II and a further 2 harbouring Types I, II and III. Isolates were obtained from 9 chickens via bioassay in mice, 6 were Type II strains and 3 were from animals with mixed infection. This is the first set of African T. gondii strains to be genotyped at multiple loci and in addition to the 3 predominant lineages we found a small number of new polymorphisms and a high frequency of multiple infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Lindström
- Institute of Integrative and Comparative Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lindh J, Enquist PA, Pilotti A, Nilsson P, Larhed M. Efficient Palladium(II) Catalysis under Air. Base-Free Oxidative Heck Reactions at Room Temperature or with Microwave Heating. J Org Chem 2007; 72:7957-62. [PMID: 17887706 DOI: 10.1021/jo701434s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Scope and limitations of the base-free oxidative Heck reaction with arylboronic acids have been explored. Under our conditions, the dmphen-palladium(II)-catalyzed arylation proceeded with air or p-benzoquinone as reoxidants of palladium(0). We found that ambient temperature and mild aerobic conditions allow for the use of substrates sensitive to palladium(II)-catalyzed oxidation. Oxidative Heck couplings, employing different arylboronic acids, were smoothly and regioselectively conducted with both electron-rich and electron-poor olefins, providing high yields even with disubstituted butyl methacrylate, sensitive acrolein, and a vinylboronate ester. Controlled microwave processing was used to reduce reaction times from hours to minutes both in small scale and in 50 mmol scale batch processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Lindh
- Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Garza D, Besier T, Johnston T, Rolston B, Schorsch A, Matheson G, Annerstedt C, Lindh J, Rydmark M. Use of a virtual human performance laboratory to improve integration of mathematics and biology in sports science curricula in Sweden and the United States. Stud Health Technol Inform 2007; 125:140-2. [PMID: 17377252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
New fields such as bioengineering are exploring the role of the physical sciences in traditional biological approaches to problems, with exciting results in device innovation, medicine, and research biology. The integration of mathematics, biomechanics, and material sciences into the undergraduate biology curriculum will better prepare students for these opportunities and enhance cooperation among faculty and students at the university level. We propose the study of sports science as the basis for introduction of this interdisciplinary program. This novel integrated approach will require a virtual human performance laboratory dual-hosted in Sweden and the United States. We have designed a course model that involves cooperative learning between students at Göteborg University and Stanford University, utilizes new technologies, encourages development of original research and will rely on frequent self-assessment and reflective learning. We will compare outcomes between this course and a more traditional didactic format as well as assess the effectiveness of multiple web-hosted virtual environments. We anticipate the grant will result in a network of original faculty and student research in exercise science and pedagogy as well as provide the opportunity for implementation of the model in more advance training levels and K-12 programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Garza
- Stanford University, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim was to investigate different occupational and leisure time exposures as determinants for cryptogenic polyneuropathy. METHODS A case-referent study was conducted in Sweden including 232 cases of cryptogenic polyneuropathy 40-79 years of age at diagnosis who were enrolled from the out-patient neurology departments of 3 hospitals. From the population register 853 referents were randomly selected. Information on occupational and leisure time exposure was obtained from a postal questionnaire. The response rate was 71% for cases and for referents. Crude odds ratios (CORs) and logistic regression odds ratios (LORs) were calculated for exposures with 5 or more exposed cases and referents taken together. The reference category was defined as individuals unexposed to any of the occupational or leisure time risk factors in the questionnaire. RESULTS As expected, male sex and increasing age were significant determinants for cryptogenic polyneuropathy. Occupational exposures in men to Stoddard solvent, petrol exhausts, herbicides or hand and foot vibrations generated significantly increased CORs. LORs >3.50 were found in men for occupational exposure to sulphur dioxide, xylene, methyl ethyl ketone, herbicides and in women for occupational exposure to lead, nitrous oxide and insecticides. Only solvent exposure in leisure time remained significant in the regression analysis indicating that not only occupational exposures were of importance. Interactions between occupational and leisure time exposure were seen for several agents. CONCLUSIONS Several known determinants for polyneuropathy, from animal studies and case reports, were confirmed. New determinants were also indicated, i.e. sulphur dioxide, xylene and methyl ethyl ketone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Tondel
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linkoping University, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kristensen I, Karlsson M, Lindh J. 261 Distributed radiotherapy — the use of telemedicine as a tool for decision making in paediatric radiation oncology ? a report from SWPR. Radiother Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(05)81238-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
44
|
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical and neurophysiological features of cryptogenic polyneuropathy in 168 patients in the neurological departments at three Swedish hospitals. The medical records of all patients aged 40-79 years with the diagnosis of cryptogenic polyneuropathy from 1993 to 2000 were analysed. One hundred and fourteen patients (68%) were men. The mean age at first symptom was 61 years and at diagnosis it was 64 years. Distal numbness (n = 115, 68%) was the most common symptom, but some patients complained of pain, pedal paresthesiae, and impairment of balance. The most common clinical findings were decreased or lost proprioception or sense of vibration (n = 135, 80%) and loss of ankle jerks (n = 131, 78%). Neurography in 139 patients showed mixed sensorimotor polyneuropathy of axonal or mixed axonal and demyelinating type in 97 (70%). Cryptogenic polyneuropathy is a slowly progressive sensorimotor nerve lesion of mainly axonal type. Men are more often affected than women. Most patients have a minor or moderate severe polyneuropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Lindh
- Section of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ryhov County Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Li AH, Rosenquist R, Forestier E, Lindh J, Roos G. Detailed clonality analysis of relapsing precursor B acute lymphoblastic leukemia: implications for minimal residual disease detection. Leuk Res 2001; 25:1033-45. [PMID: 11684274 DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(01)00072-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Genetic instability has important implications for detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) when the target is a clonal genetic marker revealed at diagnosis. A successful MRD detection approach requires a stable marker and for lymphoid leukemias clonal rearrangements of immunoglobulin (Ig) and T cell receptor (TCR) genes are commonly used. In the present study, Ig heavy chain (IgH) and TCR (gamma and delta) genes were studied in 18 consecutive, relapsing precursor-B ALL patients. At least one clonal rearrangement was found in all cases at presentation (IgH 94%, TCRgamma 39% and TCRdelta 28%). An altered rearrangement pattern between diagnosis and relapse was demonstrated in 14 patients (78%). At least one stable molecular target was found in 13 out of 18 cases (72%). Clonal differences between diagnostic and relapse samples were explained by: (1) loss of original rearrangements; (2) V(H) to DJ(H) joining; (3) V(H) gene replacement; (4) appearance of new rearrangements. In two cases with apparently new IgH gene rearrangements at relapse extended sequencing of the diagnostic samples revealed minor clonal rearrangements identical to the relapse clones. Interestingly, one patient displayed instability on both the IgH and TCR gene loci, whereas a stable Igkappa rearrangement was found at presentation and relapse. These data show that clonal diversity is common in precursor-B ALL and strongly suggest that MRD detection should include multiple gene targets to minimize false-negative samples. Even so, five of our 18 relapse cases (28%) lacked stable clonal markers and should have been unsuitable for MRD detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A H Li
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Botero-Kleiven S, Fernández V, Lindh J, Richter-Dahlfors A, von Euler A, Wahlgren M. Receptor-mediated endocytosis in an apicomplexan parasite (Toxoplasma gondii). Exp Parasitol 2001; 98:134-44. [PMID: 11527436 DOI: 10.1006/expr.2001.4624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Endocytosis mechanisms are poorly known in apicomplexan parasites. Here, we show that extracellular tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii bind and internalize heparin-like sulfated glycans in a specific, saturable manner. Discrete binding of the glycan occurs at the anterior third of the tachyzoite, where it is rapidly concentrated inside single tubulo vesicular compartments that become multiple with time. The compound is held for several hours intracellularly with no apparent exocytosis or acidification. Incubation in the continuous presence of fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated heparin enhances the binding and internalization of this ligand by live tachyzoites. Two tachyzoite surface polypeptides exhibit strong binding and specificity for heparin, making them candidate receptors. Uptake of fluid-phase endocytic tracers occurs via nonspecific pinocytosis in the same region of the parasite cell, but with much lower efficiency. These observations show that extracellular tachyzoites can acquire molecules through both receptor-specific and fluid-phase endocytic mechanisms. Understanding the physiological relevance of these processes for the extracellular and intracellular stages of T. gondii may bring about direct targeting of the parasite by drug delivery into the tachyzoites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Botero-Kleiven
- Microbiology and Tumor Biology Center (MTC), Karloinska Institutet and Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kuratli S, Hemphill A, Lindh J, Smith DF, Connolly B. Secretion of the novel Trichinella protein TSJ5 by T. spiralis and T. pseudospiralis muscle larvae. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2001; 115:199-208. [PMID: 11420106 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-6851(01)00287-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Trichinella tsJ5 gene is preferentially expressed in muscle larvae of Trichinella spiralis and encodes a novel protein. Previous observations have shown tsJ5 to be expressed at higher levels in encapsulating species than in non-encapsulating species and down-regulation of gene expression in T. pseudospiralis to be correlated with a lower protein abundance in the muscle larva of this species. In the present study we have determined the full-length cDNA sequence of the tsJ5 homologue in T. pseudospiralis (tpJ5). Antigens recognised by an anti-J5 antibody are found on the cuticular surface of both T. spiralis and T. pseudospiralis muscle larvae, as well as in the body wall muscle. We show that both the TSJ5 and TPJ5 proteins are found in the excretory/secretory fractions collected from muscle larva cultured in vitro and that despite the absence of a typical N-terminal signal sequence, secretion of pTSJ5 is mediated through the classical ER/Golgi secretory pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Kuratli
- Institute of Parasitology, University of Bern, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
Telomere length maintenance, in the vast majority of cases executed by telomerase, is a prerequisite for long-term proliferation. Most malignant tumours, including lymphomas, are telomerase-positive and this activity is a potential target for future therapeutic interventions since inhibition of telomerase has been shown to result in telomere shortening and cell death in vitro. One prerequisite for the suitability of anti-telomerase drugs in treating cancer is that tumours exhibit shortened telomeres compared to telomerase-positive stem cells. A scenario is envisioned where the tumour burden is reduced using conventional therapy whereafter remaining tumour cells are treated with telomerase inhibitors. In evaluating the realism of such an approach it is essential to know the effects on telomere status by traditional therapeutic regimens. We have studied the telomere lengths in 47 diagnostic lymphomas and a significant telomere shortening was observed compared to benign lymphoid tissues. In addition, telomere length and telomerase activity were studied in consecutive samples from patients with relapsing non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Shortened, unchanged and elongated telomere lengths were observed in the relapse samples. The telomere length alterations found in the relapsing lymphomas appeared to be independent of telomerase and rather represented clonal selection random at the telomere length level. These data indicate that anti-telomerase therapy would be suitable in only a fraction of malignant lymphomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Remes
- Department of Pathology, University of Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Li AH, Rosenquist R, Forestier E, Holmberg D, Lindh J, Löfvenberg E, Roos G. Clonal rearrangements in childhood and adult precursor B acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a comparative polymerase chain reaction study using multiple sets of primers. Eur J Haematol 1999; 63:211-8. [PMID: 10530408 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1999.tb01880.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ig heavy chain (IgH) and T-cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangements were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of diagnostic tumour samples from 91 patients (57 children and 34 adults, with cut-off at age 16) with precursor B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Using primers directed to the framework regions (FR) 1, 2 and 3 of the IgH gene, clonal IgH rearrangements were observed in 82, 58 and 58%, respectively, whereas clonality was presented in 45 and 27% using primers hybridising to the TCR delta and gamma genes. A combination of all five primer sets used resulted in 96% positive cases (children 100%, adults 88%). The frequency of clonal IgH rearrangements correlated to patient age with a significantly lower fraction of positive cases in the adult group. The concomitant usage of more than one V(H) family gene was similar for childhood and adult ALL, and an over-representation of V(H)6 rearrangements was found in childhood ALL. Twenty-five out of 91 cases (27%) displayed an oligoclonal pattern for either IgH or TCR gene rearrangements (children 37%, adults 12%). A comparative analysis of samples from different compartments was performed in 23 patients, and differences between two or three compartments were observed in seven cases. Unexpectedly large, clonally appearing PCR products of 540-715 bp were found in three leukemias and sequence analysis verified their clonal nature. In summary, using multiple sets of primers clonal rearrangements of IgH and TCR genes can be detected in a very high frequency, including previously neglected large size PCR products. A common heterogeneity was demonstrated in different compartments reflecting ongoing clonal evolution, which can make detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) in ALL troublesome. Therefore, we suggest that a minimum of three targets should be used to minimise false-negative results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A H Li
- Department of Pathology, Umeå University, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Rosenquist R, Thunberg U, Li AH, Forestier E, Lönnerholm G, Lindh J, Sundström C, Sällström J, Holmberg D, Roos G. Clonal evolution as judged by immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangements in relapsing precursor-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Eur J Haematol 1999; 63:171-9. [PMID: 10485272 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1999.tb01765.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oligoclonality and ongoing clonal evolution are common features in patients with precursor-B (pre-B) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), as judged by immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene rearrangement analysis. These features are considered to be results of secondary rearrangements after malignant transformation or emergence of new tumor clones. In the present study we analyzed the IgH gene rearrangement status in 18 cases with relapsing pre-B ALL using variable heavy chain (V(H)) gene family specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and single stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. Clonal IgH rearrangements were displayed in all leukemias but one, and altered rearrangement patterns occurred in five cases (29%), which were selected for detailed nucleotide sequence analysis. In one case, multiple subclones at diagnosis were suggested to be derived from a progenitor clone through joining of different V(H) germline gene segments to a pre-existing D-J(H) complex (V(H) to D-J(H) joining). Evidence for V(H) gene replacement with identical N-sequences at the V(H)-D junction and a common D-J(H) region was observed in one case. Diversification at the V(H)-D junction consisting of heterogeneous N-sequences were observed in one case. This molecular modification of the V(H)-D region could fit a hypothesized "open-and-shut" mechanism. Nevertheless, despite these ongoing events at least one IgH rearrangement remained unchanged throughout the disease in most patients, indicating that the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus can be a suitable marker for detection of minimal residual disease (MRD).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Rosenquist
- Department of Pathology, Umeå University, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|