1
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Zimmermann ML, Feldballe DM, Pedersen CM. Silylene acetals from cheap reagents: synthesis and regioselective opening. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:5977-5981. [PMID: 38984612 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00721b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
In this communication, a practical method for using cheap and easily available silylene chlorides for diol protection is presented. The method is based on activation of the reagents using Finkelstein-like conditions. Silylene acetals of carbohydrates are synthesized, and it is furthermore shown how these can be regioselectively opened using Grignard reagents.
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2
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Xiao Q, Fang S, Ao J, Zhao X, Huang C, Liu Y, Nie Y, Ishiwata A, Tanaka K, Deng W, Ding F. B(C 6F 5) 3-Catalyzed Stereoselective 1,2- cis Arabinofuranosylation with a Conformationally Constrained Donor. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:11969-11975. [PMID: 38497025 PMCID: PMC10938590 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Compared with stereoselective glycosylation methods mainly addressed on the preparation of pyranose glycosides, the furanosylation has been more limited, especially for the 1,2-cis arabinofuranosylation. Herein, we report a novel stereoselective 1,2-cis-arabinofuranosylation strategy using a conformationally restricted 3,5-O-xylylene-protected arabinofuranosyl donor on activation with B(C6F5)3 for desired targets in moderate to excellent yields and β-stereoselectivity. The effectiveness of the 1,2-cis-arabinofuranosylation strategy was demonstrated successfully with various acceptors, including carbohydrate alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiao
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen
Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Sixian Fang
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen
Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Jiaming Ao
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen
Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Xiaoya Zhao
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen
Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Cai Huang
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen
Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yuhua Liu
- School
of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Guangzhou
University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yichu Nie
- Translational
Medicine Research Institute, First People’s
Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Akihiro Ishiwata
- RIKEN
Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan
| | - Katsunori Tanaka
- RIKEN
Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan
- Department
of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo
Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Wenbin Deng
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen
Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Feiqing Ding
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen
Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
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3
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Inaba K, Naito Y, Tachibana M, Toshima K, Takahashi D. Regioselective and Stereospecific β-Arabinofuranosylation by Boron-Mediated Aglycon Delivery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307015. [PMID: 37394576 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Regio- and stereoselective formation of the 1,2-cis-furanosidic linkage has been in great demand for efficient synthesis of biologically active natural glycosides. In this study, we developed a regioselective and β-stereospecific d-/l-arabinofuranosylation promoted by a boronic acid catalyst under mild conditions. The glycosylations proceeded smoothly for a variety of diols, triols, and unprotected sugar acceptors to give the corresponding β-arabinofuranosides (β-Arbf) in high yields with complete β-stereoselectivity and high regioselectivity. The regioselectivity was completely reversed depending on the optical isomerism of the donor used and was predictable a priori using predictive models. Mechanistic studies based on DFT calculations revealed that the present glycosylation occurs through a highly dissociative concerted SN i mechanism. The usefulness of the glycosylation method was demonstrated by the chemical synthesis of trisaccharide structures of arabinogalactan fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Inaba
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yuna Naito
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Mina Tachibana
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Toshima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
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4
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Li TR, Piccini G, Tiefenbacher K. Supramolecular Capsule-Catalyzed Highly β-Selective Furanosylation Independent of the S N1/S N2 Reaction Pathway. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:4294-4303. [PMID: 36751707 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The resorcin[4]arene capsule was found to catalyze β-selective furanosylation reactions for a variety of different furanosyl donors: α-d- and α-l-arabinosyl-, α-l-fucosyl-, α-d-ribosyl-, α-d-xylosyl-, and even α-d-lyxosyl fluorides. The scope is only limited by the inherently finite volume inside the closed capsular catalyst. The catalyst is readily available on a multi-100 g scale and can be recycled for at least seven rounds without significant loss in activity, yield, and selectivity. The mechanistic investigations indicated that the furanosylation mechanism is shifted toward an SN1 reaction on the mechanistic continuum between the prototypical SN1 and SN2 substitution types, as compared to the pyranosylation reaction inside the same catalyst. This is especially true for the lyxosyl donor, as indicated by the nucleophile reaction order of 0.26, and supported by metadynamics calculations. The mechanistic shift toward SN1 is of high interest as it indicates that this catalyst not only enables β-selective furanosylations and pyranoslyations independently of the substrate configuration but in addition also independently of the operating mechanism. To our knowledge, there is no alternative catalyst available that displays such properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Ren Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- NCCR Molecular Systems Engineering, BPR 1095, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - GiovanniMaria Piccini
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Konrad Tiefenbacher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- NCCR Molecular Systems Engineering, BPR 1095, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
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5
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Ishiwata A, Tanaka K, Ao J, Ding F, Ito Y. Recent advances in stereoselective 1,2-cis-O-glycosylations. Front Chem 2022; 10:972429. [PMID: 36059876 PMCID: PMC9437320 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.972429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
For the stereoselective assembly of bioactive glycans with various functions, 1,2-cis-O-glycosylation is one of the most essential issues in synthetic carbohydrate chemistry. The cis-configured O-glycosidic linkages to the substituents at two positions of the non-reducing side residue of the glycosides such as α-glucopyranoside, α-galactopyranoside, β-mannopyranoside, β-arabinofuranoside, and other rather rare glycosides are found in natural glycans, including glycoconjugate (glycoproteins, glycolipids, proteoglycans, and microbial polysaccharides) and glycoside natural products. The way to 1,2-trans isomers is well sophisticated by using the effect of neighboring group participation from the most effective and kinetically favored C-2 substituent such as an acyl group, although high stereoselective synthesis of 1,2-cis glycosides without formation of 1,2-trans isomers is far less straightforward. Although the key factors that control the stereoselectivity of glycosylation are largely understood since chemical glycosylation was considered to be one of the useful methods to obtain glycosidic linkages as the alternative way of isolation from natural sources, strictly controlled formation of these 1,2-cis glycosides is generally difficult. This minireview introduces some of the recent advances in the development of 1,2-cis selective glycosylations, including the quite recent developments in glycosyl donor modification, reaction conditions, and methods for activation of intermolecular glycosylation, including the bimodal glycosylation strategy for 1,2-cis and 1,2-trans glycosides, as well as intramolecular glycosylations, including recent applications of NAP-ether-mediated intramolecular aglycon delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Ishiwata
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Akihiro Ishiwata, ; Feiqing Ding, ; Yukishige Ito,
| | - Katsunori Tanaka
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama, Japan
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jiaming Ao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feiqing Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Akihiro Ishiwata, ; Feiqing Ding, ; Yukishige Ito,
| | - Yukishige Ito
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Akihiro Ishiwata, ; Feiqing Ding, ; Yukishige Ito,
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6
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Synthesis of naturally occurring β-l-arabinofuranosyl-l-arabinofuranoside structures towards the substrate specificity evaluation of β-l-arabinofuranosidase. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 68:116849. [PMID: 35653870 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Methyl β-l-arabinofuranosyl-(1 → 2)-, -(1 → 3)-, and -(1 → 5)-α-l-arabinofuranosides have been stereoselectively synthesized through 2-naphthylmethyl ether-mediated intramolecular aglycon delivery (NAP-IAD), whose β-linkages were confirmed by NMR analysis on the 3JH1-H2 coupling constant and 13C chemical shift of C1. The NAP-IAD approach was simply extended for the synthesis of trisaccharide motifs possessing β-l-arabinofuranosyl-(1 → 5)-l-arabinofuranosyl non-reducing terminal structure with the branched β-l-arabinofuranosyl-(1 → 5)-[α-l-arabinofuranosyl-(1 → 3)]-α-l-arabinofuranosyl and the liner β-l-arabinofuranosyl-(1 → 5)-β-l-arabinofuranosyl-(1 → 5)-β-l-arabinofuranosyl structures in olive arabinan and dinoflagellate polyethers, respectively. The results on the substrate specificity of a bifidobacterial β-l-arabinofuranosidase HypBA1 using the regioisomers indicated that HypBA1 could hydrolyze all three linkages however behaved clearly less active to β-(1 → 5)-linked disaccharide than other two regioisomers including the proposed natural degradation product, β-(1 → 2)-linked one from plant extracellular matrix such as extensin. On the other hand, Xanthomonas XeHypBA1 was found to hydrolyze all three disaccharides as the substrate with higher specificity to β-(1 → 2)-linkage than bifidobacterial HypBA1.
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7
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Xu H, Schaugaard RN, Li J, Schlegel HB, Nguyen HM. Stereoselective 1,2- cis Furanosylations Catalyzed by Phenanthroline. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7441-7456. [PMID: 35413194 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Stereoselective formation of the 1,2-cis furanosidic linkage, a motif of many biologically relevant oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, remains an important synthetic challenge. We herein report a new stereoselective 1,2-cis furanosylation method promoted by phenanthroline catalysts under mild and operationally simple conditions. NMR experiments and density functional theory calculations support an associative mechanism in which the rate-determining step occurs from an inverted displacement of the faster-reacting phenanthrolinium ion intermediate with an alcohol nucleophile. The phenanthroline catalysis system is applicable to a number of furanosyl bromide donors to provide the challenging 1,2-cis substitution products in good yield with high anomeric selectivities. While arabinofuranosyl bromide provides β-1,2-cis products, xylo- and ribofuranosyl bromides favor α-1,2-cis products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengfu Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Richard N Schaugaard
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Jiayi Li
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - H Bernhard Schlegel
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Hien M Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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8
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Abronina PI, Podvalnyy NM, Kononov LO. The use of silyl groups in the synthesis of arabinofuranosides. Russ Chem Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-022-3371-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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9
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Arachchige SS, Crich D. Side Chain Conformation and Its Influence on Glycosylation Selectivity in Hexo- and Higher Carbon Furanosides. J Org Chem 2022; 87:316-339. [PMID: 34905382 PMCID: PMC8741747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis and side chain conformational analysis of a series of four 6-deoxy-2,3,5-tri-O-benzyl hexofuranosyl donors with the d-gluco, l-ido, d-altro, and l-galacto configurations. The conformation of the exocyclic bond of these compounds depends on the relative configuration of the point of attachment of the side chain to the ring and of the two flanking centers and can be predicted on that basis analogously to the heptopyranose analogs. Variable-temperature nuclear magnetic resonance (VT NMR) spectroscopy of the activated donors reveals complex, configuration-dependent mixtures of intermediates that we interpret in terms of fused and bridged oxonium ions arising from participation by the various benzyl ethers. The increased importance of ether participation in the furanoside series compared to the pyranosides is discussed in terms of the reduced stabilization afforded to furanosyl oxocarbenium ions by covalent triflate formation. The stereoselectivities of the four donors are discussed on the basis of the benzyl ether participation model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameera Siyabalapitiya Arachchige
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 250 West Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA,Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA,Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 140 Cedar Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - David Crich
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 250 West Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA,Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA,Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 140 Cedar Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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10
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Bols M, Frihed TG, Pedersen MJ, Pedersen CM. Silylated Sugars – Synthesis and Properties. Synlett 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1719854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSilicon has been used in carbohydrate chemistry for half a century, but mostly as a protective group for sugar alcohols. Recently, the use of silicon has expanded to functionalization via C–H activation, conformational arming of glycosyl donors, and conformational alteration of carbohydrates. Silicon has proven useful as more than a protective group and during the last one and a half decades we have demonstrated how it influences both the reactivity of glycosyl donors and stereochemical outcome of glycosylations. Silicon can also be attached directly to the sugar C-backbone, which has even more pronounced effects on the chemistry and properties of the molecules. In this Account, we will give a tour through our work involving silicon and carbohydrates.1 Introduction2 Conformational Arming of Glycosyl Donors with Silyl Groups3 Silyl Protective Groups for Tethering Glycosyl Donors4. Si–C Glycosides via C–H Activation4.1 C–H Activation and Oxidation of Methyl 6-Deoxy-l-glycosides4.2 Synthesis of All Eight 6-Deoxy-l-sugars4.3 Synthesis of All Eight l-Sugars by C–H Activation4.4 Modification of the Oxasilolane Ring5 C–Si in Glycosyl Donors – Activating or Not?6 Si–C-Substituted Pyranosides7 Perspective
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Bols
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Chemistry
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11
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Liang Y, Pedersen CM. Protecting carbohydrates with ethers, acetals and orthoesters under basic conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:7598-7601. [PMID: 34524337 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01467f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chlorinated ethyl and vinyl ethers are introduced at various positions of carbohydrates. Depending on the relative stereochemistry, vinylethers, acetals or orthoesters are formed under basic conditions. The products are stable, but are easily deprotected after dechlorination. The scope of the intramolecular protection is studied using common pentoses and hexoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark.
| | - Christian M Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark.
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12
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Huang BS, Lowary TL. A Siloxane-Bridged Glycosyl Donor Enables Highly Stereoselective β-Xylulofuranosylation. J Org Chem 2020; 85:15895-15907. [PMID: 32489097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We report a siloxane-protected donor (7) for the highly stereoselective formation of β-(2,3-cis)-xylulofuranosyl bonds. Glycosylation reactions with 7 gave >80% yields, and only β-xylulofuranosides were isolated in all cases. The utility of 7 for the synthesis of complex glycans was shown by its successful application to the preparation of the repeating unit from the lipopolysaccharide O-antigen of Yersinia enterocolitica serovars O:5/O:5,27. This structure is a pentasaccharide with two β-xylulofuranose residues; using 7, both were introduced simultaneously with excellent stereocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Shun Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Todd L Lowary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A. Kashiwagi
- Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR)CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II 3°Piso, Ciudad Universitaria C1428EHA Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires Argentina
- Departamento de QuímicaUniversidad Nacional del Oeste Belgrano 369 San Antonio de Padua Provincia de Buenos Aires Argentina
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14
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Huang BS, Lowary TL. β-Selective xylulofuranosylation via a conformationally-restricted glycosyl donor. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:2264-2273. [PMID: 32150203 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00260g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reported is the first stereoselective method for β-xylulofuranosylation, which employs 3,4-O-xylylene-protected thioglycoside donors. For most acceptors, the best results were observed with a donor (8) that possesses both the xylylene group and a benzoate ester at O-1. To demonstrate its utility, the methodology was applied to the first synthesis of the pentasaccharide repeating unit from the lipopolysaccharide O-antigen of Yersinia enterocolitica serovars O:5/O:5,27, a structure containing two β-xylulofuranose residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Shun Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, CanadaT6G 2G2.
| | - Todd L Lowary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, CanadaT6G 2G2.
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15
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Mayfield AB, Metternich JB, Trotta AH, Jacobsen EN. Stereospecific Furanosylations Catalyzed by Bis-thiourea Hydrogen-Bond Donors. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:4061-4069. [PMID: 32013410 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We report a new method for stereoselective O-furanosylation reactions promoted by a precisely tailored bis-thiourea hydrogen-bond-donor catalyst. Furanosyl donors outfitted with an anomeric dialkylphosphate leaving group undergo substitution with high anomeric selectivity, providing access to the challenging 1,2-cis substitution pattern with a range of alcohol acceptors. A variety of stereochemically distinct, benzyl-protected glycosyl donors were engaged successfully as substrates. Mechanistic studies support a stereospecific mechanism in which rate-determining substitution occurs from a catalyst-donor resting-state complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Mayfield
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - Jan B Metternich
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - Adam H Trotta
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - Eric N Jacobsen
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
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16
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Parent JF, Bertrand X, Deslongchamps G, Deslongchamps P. Applying the Bent Bond/Antiperiplanar Hypothesis to the Stereoselective Glycosylation of Bicyclic Furanosides. J Org Chem 2020; 85:758-773. [PMID: 31820643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The glycosylation stereoselectivities for a series of bicyclic furanoside models have been carried out in the presence of weak nucleophiles. These results were analyzed through the bent bond/antiperiplanar hypothesis (BBAH) orbital model to test its validity. According to the BBAH, incoming nucleophiles displace one of the two bent bonds of bicyclic oxocarbenium ion intermediates in an antiperiplanar fashion. The glycosylation stereoselectivity is then governed by the displacement of the weaker bent bond as determined by the presence of electron-withdrawing or -donating substituents at C2. Overall, the BBAH analysis expands Woerpel's "inside/outside attack" glycosylation model by considering the stereoelectronic influence of neighboring electron-withdrawing and -donating groups on the nucleophilic addition to oxocarbenium ion intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xavier Bertrand
- Département de Chimie , Université Laval , Québec , QC G1V 0A6 , Canada
| | - Ghislain Deslongchamps
- Department of Chemistry , University of New Brunswick , Fredericton , NB E3B 5A3 , Canada
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17
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Wang L, Guo Z. An extensive review of studies on mycobacterium cell wall polysaccharide-related oligosaccharides – part I: Synthetic studies on arabinofuranosyl oligosaccharides. J Carbohydr Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2019.1630839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lizhen Wang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan, China
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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18
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Ali OT, Mohammed MO, Gates PJ, Baird MS, Al Dulayymi JR. The synthesis of mycobacterial dimycoloyl diarabinoglycerol based on defined synthetic mycolic acids. Chem Phys Lipids 2019; 221:207-218. [PMID: 30639038 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Complex mixtures of natural dimycoloyl diarabinoglycerols isolated from mycobacteria have been shown to be both potent immune signalling agents and potentially valuable antigens in the serodiagnosis of mycobacterial infections. We now report the highly stereocontrolled synthesis of diacyl l-glycerol-(1'→1)-β-d-arabinofuranosyl-α-d-arabinofuranosides based on simple fatty acids and single defined synthetic mycolic acids. NMR analysis confirmed that the synthetic core was identical to that in natural mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar T Ali
- School of Chemistry, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Mohsin O Mohammed
- School of Chemistry, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Paul J Gates
- School of Chemistry, Bristol University, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Mark S Baird
- School of Chemistry, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK.
| | - Juma'a R Al Dulayymi
- School of Chemistry, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK; School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK
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19
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Panza M, Pistorio SG, Stine KJ, Demchenko AV. Automated Chemical Oligosaccharide Synthesis: Novel Approach to Traditional Challenges. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8105-8150. [PMID: 29953217 PMCID: PMC6522228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Advances in carbohydrate chemistry have certainly made common oligosaccharides much more accessible. However, many current methods still rely heavily upon specialized knowledge of carbohydrate chemistry. The application of automated technologies to chemical and life science applications such as genomics and proteomics represents a vibrant field. These automated technologies also present opportunities for their application to organic synthesis, including that of the synthesis of oligosaccharides. However, application of automated methods to the synthesis of carbohydrates is an underdeveloped area as compared to other classes of biomolecules. The overarching goal of this review article is to present the advances that have been made at the interface of carbohydrate chemistry and automated technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Panza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri–St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Salvatore G. Pistorio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri–St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Keith J. Stine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri–St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Alexei V. Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri–St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
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20
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Imamura A. Di-<i>tert</i>-butylsilylene (DTBS)-Directed Stereoselective Glycosylations. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2018. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1811.2j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Imamura
- Department of Applied Bio-organic Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University
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21
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Corcilius L, Hastwell AH, Zhang M, Williams J, Mackay JP, Gresshoff PM, Ferguson BJ, Payne RJ. Arabinosylation Modulates the Growth-Regulating Activity of the Peptide Hormone CLE40a from Soybean. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 24:1347-1355.e7. [PMID: 28943356 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Small post-translationally modified peptide hormones mediate crucial developmental and regulatory processes in plants. CLAVATA/ENDOSPERM-SURROUNDING REGION (CLE) genes are found throughout the plant kingdom and encode for 12-13 amino acid peptides that must often undergo post-translational proline hydroxylation and glycosylation with O-β1,2-triarabinose moieties before they become functional. Apart from a few recent examples, a detailed understanding of the structure and function of most CLE hormones is yet to be uncovered. This is mainly owing to difficulties in isolating mature homogeneously modified CLE peptides from natural plant sources. In this study, we describe the efficient synthesis of a synthetic Araf3Hyp glycosylamino acid building block that was used to access a hitherto uninvestigated CLE hormone from soybean called GmCLE40a. Through the development and implementation of a novel in vivo root growth assay, we show that the synthetic triarabinosylated glycopeptide suppresses primary root growth in this important crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Corcilius
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - April H Hastwell
- Centre for Integrative Legume Research, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Mengbai Zhang
- Centre for Integrative Legume Research, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - James Williams
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Joel P Mackay
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Peter M Gresshoff
- Centre for Integrative Legume Research, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Brett J Ferguson
- Centre for Integrative Legume Research, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Richard J Payne
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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22
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Total synthesis of mycobacterial arabinogalactan containing 92 monosaccharide units. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14851. [PMID: 28300074 PMCID: PMC5357306 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates are diverse bio-macromolecules with highly complex structures that are involved in numerous biological processes. Well-defined carbohydrates obtained by chemical synthesis are essential to the understanding of their functions. However, synthesis of carbohydrates is greatly hampered by its insufficient efficiency. So far, assembly of long carbohydrate chains remains one of the most challenging tasks for synthetic chemists. Here we describe a highly efficient assembly of a 92-mer polysaccharide by the preactivation-based one-pot glycosylation protocol. Several linear and branched oligosaccharide/polysaccharide fragments ranging from 5-mer to 31-mer in length have been rapidly constructed in one-pot manner, which enables the first total synthesis of a biologically important mycobacterial arabinogalactan through a highly convergent [31+31+30] coupling reaction. Our results show that the preactivation-based one-pot glycosylation protocol may provide access to the construction of long and complicated carbohydrate chains. Due to the vast number of potential isomers, the chemical synthesis of large carbohydrates is challenging. Here the authors report the synthesis of mycobacterial arabinogalactan, a biologically important natural product composed of 92 monosaccharide units, the largest synthetic polysaccharide to date.
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23
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Bols M, Pedersen CM. Silyl-protective groups influencing the reactivity and selectivity in glycosylations. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:93-105. [PMID: 28228850 PMCID: PMC5301963 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Silyl groups such as TBDPS, TBDMS, TIPS or TMS are well-known and widely used alcohol protective groups in organic chemistry. Cyclic silylene protective groups are also becoming increasingly popular. In carbohydrate chemistry silyl protective groups have frequently been used primarily as an orthogonal protective group to the more commonly used acyl and benzyl protective groups. However, silyl protective groups have significantly different electronic and steric requirements than acyl and alkyl protective groups, which particularly becomes important when two or more neighboring alcohols are silyl protected. Within the last decade polysilylated glycosyl donors have been found to have unusual properties such as high (or low) reactivity or high stereoselectivity. This mini review will summarize these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Bols
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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24
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Kononov LO, Fedina KG, Orlova AV, Kondakov NN, Abronina PI, Podvalnyy NM, Chizhov AO. Bimodal concentration-dependent reactivity pattern of a glycosyl donor: Is the solution structure involved? Carbohydr Res 2016; 437:28-35. [PMID: 27883907 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Changes in concentration (0.001-0.1 M) of an arabinofuranosyl donor (1) have been shown to modulate the temperature T at which activation of 1 occurs (from -23 °C to +7 °C), the reaction time (from 1.5 h to 3 days) and the yield of the disaccharide formed (from 14% to 82%). At concentrations exceeding 0.01 M, these parameters, as well as the specific optical rotation of the solution of 1, virtually do not depend on concentration suggesting formation of reacting species (supramers) of glycosyl donor with similar structures, hence reactivities, but considerably different from those formed in more dilute solutions. The found critical concentration (0.01 M) separates two concentration ranges of reaction solutions corresponding to two types of solution structure that are featured by the presence of fundamentally different supramers of glycosyl donor, which have distinct chemical properties. These results allow a fresh look at the problems of reactivity of chemical compounds and selectivity of the reactions in which they participate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid O Kononov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp., 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Ksenia G Fedina
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp., 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anna V Orlova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp., 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolay N Kondakov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp., 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Polina I Abronina
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp., 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nikita M Podvalnyy
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp., 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander O Chizhov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp., 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
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25
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Tilve MJ, Cori CR, Gallo-Rodriguez C. Regioselective 5-O-Opening of Conformationally Locked 3,5-O-Di-tert-butylsilylene-d-galactofuranosides. Synthesis of (1→5)-β-d-Galactofuranosyl Derivatives. J Org Chem 2016; 81:9585-9594. [PMID: 27673745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The use of thiogalactofuranoside as donors for the construction of internal Galf containing oligosaccharide is limited, probably due to the difficulty to functionalize thiogalactofuranoside derivatives showing O-2, O-3, and O-5 with similar reactivity. An efficient method for complete regioselective 5-O-opening of conformationally restricted 3,5-O-di-tert-butylsilylene-d-galactofuranoside derivatives was developed. The use of a solution nBu4NF (1.1 equiv) in CH2Cl2 on 6 gave the 5-OH free derivative 10 as the only product (90%). 3-O-Di-tert-butylhydroxysilyl derivative 10 was stable upon purification and glycosylation reaction. Preactivation of conformationally restricted thioglycoside 6 employing p-NO2-benzensulfenyl chloride/AgOTf followed by condensation over the 5-OH thioglycoside acceptor 10 gave the corresponding disaccharide 12 without autocondensation byproduct. Regioselective 5-O-deprotection was also successfully performed over the (1→5)-β-d-galactofuranosyl di- and trisaccharide derivatives 12 and 13. This methodology allowed the differentiation between the secondary hydroxyl groups OH-3 and OH-5 of 1,2-cis or 1,2-trans d-galactofuranoside derivatives, and it still constitutes an innovative approach to access oligosaccharides of pharmacological importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano J Tilve
- CIHIDECAR, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Ciudad Universitaria , Pabellón II, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carmen R Cori
- CIHIDECAR, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Ciudad Universitaria , Pabellón II, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carola Gallo-Rodriguez
- CIHIDECAR, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Ciudad Universitaria , Pabellón II, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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26
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Imamura A, Matsuzawa N, Sakai S, Udagawa T, Nakashima S, Ando H, Ishida H, Kiso M. The Origin of High Stereoselectivity in Di-tert-butylsilylene-Directed α-Galactosylation. J Org Chem 2016; 81:9086-9104. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Imamura
- Department
of Applied Bio-organic Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Naomi Matsuzawa
- Department
of Applied Bio-organic Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Shizuo Sakai
- Department
of Applied Bio-organic Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Taro Udagawa
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Shinya Nakashima
- Department
of Applied Bio-organic Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hiromune Ando
- Department
of Applied Bio-organic Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- Institute
for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida
Ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hideharu Ishida
- Department
of Applied Bio-organic Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Makoto Kiso
- Department
of Applied Bio-organic Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- Institute
for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida
Ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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27
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Nie S, Chen X, Ma Y, Li W, Yu B. An unexpected rearrangement of pent-4-enofuranosides to cyclopentanones upon hydrogenolysis of the anomeric benzyl group. Carbohydr Res 2016; 432:36-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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28
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Synthesis of tri- and tetrasaccharide glycosides of (4S)-4-hydroxy-d-proline relevant to the cell wall O-glycans of green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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29
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Fascione MA, Brabham R, Turnbull WB. Mechanistic Investigations into the Application of Sulfoxides in Carbohydrate Synthesis. Chemistry 2016; 22:3916-28. [PMID: 26744250 PMCID: PMC4794778 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The utility of sulfoxides in a diverse range of transformations in the field of carbohydrate chemistry has seen rapid growth since the first introduction of a sulfoxide as a glycosyl donor in 1989. Sulfoxides have since developed into more than just anomeric leaving groups, and today have multiple roles in glycosylation reactions. These include as activators for thioglycosides, hemiacetals, and glycals, and as precursors to glycosyl triflates, which are essential for stereoselective β-mannoside synthesis, and bicyclic sulfonium ions that facilitate the stereoselective synthesis of α-glycosides. In this review we highlight the mechanistic investigations undertaken in this area, often outlining strategies employed to differentiate between multiple proposed reaction pathways, and how the conclusions of these investigations have and continue to inform upon the development of more efficient transformations in sulfoxide-based carbohydrate synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Fascione
- York Structural Biology Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington Road, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Robin Brabham
- York Structural Biology Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington Road, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - W Bruce Turnbull
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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30
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Synthesis of hexasaccharide fragment of lipoarabonomannan from Mycobacteria: advantages of the benzyl-free approach. Russ Chem Bull 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-015-0992-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Nigudkar SS, Demchenko AV. Stereocontrolled 1,2- cis glycosylation as the driving force of progress in synthetic carbohydrate chemistry. Chem Sci 2015; 6:2687-2704. [PMID: 26078847 PMCID: PMC4465199 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00280j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in stereoselective 1,2-cis glycosylation that have emerged during the past decade are surveyed herein. Recent developments in stereoselective 1,2-cis glycosylation that have emerged during the past decade are surveyed herein. For detailed coverage of the previous achievements in the field the reader is referred to our earlier reviews: A. V. Demchenko, Curr. Org. Chem. , 2003, 7 , 35–79 and Synlett , 2003, 1225–1240.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati S. Nigudkar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Missouri – St. Louis , One University Blvd , St. Louis , MO 63121 , USA .
| | - Alexei V. Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Missouri – St. Louis , One University Blvd , St. Louis , MO 63121 , USA .
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32
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Frihed TG, Bols M, Pedersen CM. Mechanisms of Glycosylation Reactions Studied by Low-Temperature Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Chem Rev 2015; 115:4963-5013. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500434x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mikael Bols
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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33
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Bohé L, Crich D. A propos of glycosyl cations and the mechanism of chemical glycosylation; the current state of the art. Carbohydr Res 2015; 403:48-59. [PMID: 25108484 PMCID: PMC4281519 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An overview of recent advances in glycosylation with particular emphasis on mechanism is presented. The mounting evidence for both the existence of glycosyl oxocarbenium ions as fleeting intermediates in some reactions, and the crucial role of the associated counterion in others is discussed. The extremes of the SN1 and SN2 manifolds for the glycosylation reaction are bridged by a continuum of mechanisms in which it appears likely that most examples are located.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Bohé
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - David Crich
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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34
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Tilve MJ, Gallo-Rodriguez C. Conformationally restricted 3,5-O-(di-tert-butylsilylene)-d-galactofuranosyl thioglycoside donor for 1,2-cis α-d-galactofuranosylation. Carbohydr Res 2014; 397:7-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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35
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Xie N, Taylor CM. Synthesis of Oligomers of β-l-Arabinofuranosides of (4R)-4-Hydroxy-l-proline Relevant to the Mugwort Pollen Allergen, Art v 1. J Org Chem 2014; 79:7459-67. [DOI: 10.1021/jo501191b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xie
- Department
of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Carol M. Taylor
- Department
of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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36
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Balmond EI, Benito-Alifonso D, Coe DM, Alder RW, McGarrigle EM, Galan MC. A 3,4-trans-fused cyclic protecting group facilitates α-selective catalytic synthesis of 2-deoxyglycosides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:8190-4. [PMID: 24953049 PMCID: PMC4499252 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A practical approach has been developed to convert glucals and rhamnals into disaccharides or glycoconjugates with high α-selectivity and yields (77-97%) using a trans-fused cyclic 3,4-O-disiloxane protecting group and TsOH⋅H2O (1 mol%) as a catalyst. Control of the anomeric selectivity arises from conformational locking of the intermediate oxacarbenium cation. Glucals outperform rhamnals because the C6 side-chain conformation augments the selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward I Balmond
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's CloseBristol BS8 1TS (UK)
| | | | - Diane M Coe
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research CentreGunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY (UK)
| | - Roger W Alder
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's CloseBristol BS8 1TS (UK)
| | - Eoghan M McGarrigle
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, UCD School of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, University College DublinBelfield, Dublin 4 (Ireland)
| | - M Carmen Galan
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's CloseBristol BS8 1TS (UK)
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37
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Balmond EI, Benito-Alifonso D, Coe DM, Alder RW, McGarrigle EM, Galan MC. A 3,4-trans-Fused Cyclic Protecting Group Facilitates α-Selective Catalytic Synthesis of 2-Deoxyglycosides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201403543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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38
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The use of O-trifluoroacetyl protection and profound influence of the nature of glycosyl acceptor in benzyl-free arabinofuranosylation. Carbohydr Res 2014; 396:25-36. [PMID: 25079596 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The influence of O-trifluoroacetyl (TFA) groups at different positions of thioglycoside glycosyl donors on stereoselectivity of α-arabinofuranosylation leading to corresponding disaccharides was studied. It was shown that TFA group in thioglycoside glycosyl donors, when combined with 2-O-(triisopropylsilyl) (TIPS) non-participating group, may be regarded as an electron-withdrawing protecting group that may enhance 1,2-cis-selectivity in arabinofuranosylation, the results strongly depending on the nature of glycosyl acceptor. The reactivities of the glycosyl donors were compared with those of a similar thioglycoside with O-pentafluoropropionyl groups and the known phenyl 3,5-O-(di-tert-butylsilylene)-1-thio-α-d-arabinofuranosides with 2-O-TIPS and 2-O-benzyl groups. The 'matching' in the donor-acceptor combination was found to be critical for achieving both high reactivity of glycosyl donor and β-stereoselectivity of arabinofuranosylation. The use of glycosyl donors with TFA and silyl protection may be useful in the realization of the benzyl-free approach to oligoarabinofuranosides with azido group in aglycon-convenient building blocks for the preparation of neoglycoconjugates.
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39
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Heuckendorff M, Bendix J, Pedersen CM, Bols M. β-Selective mannosylation with a 4,6-silylene-tethered thiomannosyl donor. Org Lett 2014; 16:1116-9. [PMID: 24502365 DOI: 10.1021/ol403722f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Mannosylations using the new conformationally restricted donor phenyl 2,3-di-O-benzyl-4,6-O-(di-tert-butylsilylene)-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside (6) have been found to be β-selective with a variety of activation conditions. The simplest activation conditions were NIS/TfOH, in which case it is proposed that the β-mannoside is formed from β-selective glycosylation of the oxocarbenium ion 25 in a B(2,5) conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Heuckendorff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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40
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Gola G, Gallo-Rodriguez C. Synthesis of α-d-Glcp-(1→3)-α-d-Galf-(1→2)-α-l-Rhap constituent of the CPS of Streptococcus pneumoniae 22F. Effect of 3-O-substitution in 1,2-cis α-d-galactofuranosylation. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra45658g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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41
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Kaeothip S, Ishiwata A, Ito T, Fushinobu S, Fujita K, Ito Y. Preparation of p-nitrophenyl β-l-arabinofuranoside as a substrate of β-l-arabinofuranosidase. Carbohydr Res 2013; 382:95-100. [PMID: 24239541 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of p-nitrophenyl β-l-arabinofuranoside 1 as the substrate for novel β-l-arabinofuranosidase has been achieved by using both our inter- and intra-molecular glycosylation methodologies. Although the intermolecular glycosylation with l-Araf donors 3 and 4 resulted in a mixture of both α- and β-isomers, NAP ether-mediated IAD with 3 and 6 afforded the desired β-l-arabinofuranoside stereospecifically which was confirmed by NMR analysis on the (3)JH1-H2 coupling constant and (13)C chemical shift of C1. As expected, 1 has been revealed to be an efficient substrate in the biological study of a novel β-arabinofuranosidase such as HypBA1 with higher apparent affinity compared with other reported substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophon Kaeothip
- ERATO Glycotrilogy Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Moumé-Pymbock M, Furukawa T, Mondal S, Crich D. Probing the influence of a 4,6-O-acetal on the reactivity of galactopyranosyl donors: verification of the disarming influence of the trans-gauche conformation of C5-C6 bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:14249-55. [PMID: 23984633 PMCID: PMC3814037 DOI: 10.1021/ja405588x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The effect of a 4,6-O-alkylidene acetal on the rate of acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of methyl galactopyranosides and of spontaneous hydrolysis of 2,4-dinitrophenyl galactopyranosides has been studied through the synthesis and hydrolysis of analogs in which O6 is replaced by a methoxymethylene unit in which the methoxy group adopts either an equatorial or an axial position according to the configuration. Consistent with earlier studies under both acid-catalyzed and spontaneous hydrolysis conditions, the alkylidene acetal, or its 7-carba analog, retards hydrolysis with respect to comparable systems lacking the cyclic protecting group. The configuration at C6 in the 7-carba analogs does not influence the rate of acid-catalyzed hydrolysis but has a minor influence on the rate of spontaneous hydrolysis of the 2,4-dinitrophenyl galactosides, confirming earlier studies on the role played by the hydroxymethyl group conformation on glycoside reactivity. The benzylidene acetal is found to stabilize the α-anomer of galactopyranose derivatives relative to monocyclic analogs. Reasons for the α-selectivity of 4,6-O-benzylidene-protected galactopyranosyl donors bearing neighboring group-active protecting groups at O2 are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriame Moumé-Pymbock
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202
| | - Takayuki Furukawa
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202
| | - Sujit Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202
| | - David Crich
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202
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Liu QW, Bin HC, Yang JS. β-Arabinofuranosylation using 5-O-(2-quinolinecarbonyl) substituted ethyl thioglycoside donors. Org Lett 2013; 15:3974-7. [PMID: 23879464 DOI: 10.1021/ol401755e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A new β-stereoselective D- and L-arabinofuranosylation method has been developed employing 5-O-(2-quinolinecarbonyl) substituted arabinosyl ethyl thioglycosides as glycosyl donors. The approach allows a wide range of acceptor substrates to be used; the β-selectivity is good-to-excellent. Stereoselective synthesis of a mannose-capped octasaccharide portion from a mycobacterial cell wall polysaccharide was then carried out to demonstrate the utility of this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang-Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry of Medicinal Natural Products, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Heuckendorff M, Pedersen CM, Bols M. Conformationally Armed 3,6-Tethered Glycosyl Donors: Synthesis, Conformation, Reactivity, and Selectivity. J Org Chem 2013; 78:7234-48. [DOI: 10.1021/jo4012464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mads Heuckendorff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | | | - Mikael Bols
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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45
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Liang XY, Bin HC, Yang JS. Tuning effect of silyl protecting groups on the glycosylation reactivity of arabinofuranosyl thioglycosides. Org Lett 2013; 15:2834-7. [PMID: 23682928 DOI: 10.1021/ol401166x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The tuning effect of silyl protecting groups on the glycosylation reactivity of arabinofuranosyl phenyl thioglycoside donors is presented. Silyl ethers on the 3-, 5-, and 3,5-positions of the arabinofuranose ring are found to have an arming effect on the donor reactivity, whereas the cyclic 3,5-acetal type protecting groups reduce the reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Yong Liang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry of Medicinal Natural Products, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Satoh H, Manabe S. Design of chemical glycosyl donors: does changing ring conformation influence selectivity/reactivity? Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:4297-309. [PMID: 23364773 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs35457a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This tutorial review focuses on the design of glycosyl donors, especially on attempts to control selectivity/reactivity by employing bulky substituents, cyclic protecting groups, or bridged structures. These structural modifications are performed to change the conformational distributions of pyranoside/furanoside rings. We also briefly discuss this issue with regard to studies on furanosides and enzymatic glycosylation reactions. Readers will find that some of the designed glycosyl donors have been used to achieve total syntheses of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Satoh
- National Institute of Informatics (NII), Hitotsubashi 2-1-2, Tokyo 101-8430, Japan.
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Yang L, Qin Q, Ye XS. Preactivation: An Alternative Strategy in Stereoselective Glycosylation and Oligosaccharide Synthesis. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201200136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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48
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Kaeothip S, Ishiwata A, Ito Y. Stereoselective synthesis of Arabidopsis CLAVATA3 (CLV3) glycopeptide, unique protein post-translational modifications of secreted peptide hormone in plant. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:5892-907. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41212a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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49
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Kaeothip S, Boons GJ. Chemical synthesis of β-arabinofuranosyl containing oligosaccharides derived from plant cell wall extensins. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:5136-46. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40958a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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50
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Mata G, Luedtke NW. Stereoselective N-Glycosylation of 2-Deoxythioribosides for Fluorescent Nucleoside Synthesis. J Org Chem 2012; 77:9006-17. [DOI: 10.1021/jo3014929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Mata
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich,
Switzerland
| | - Nathan W. Luedtke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich,
Switzerland
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