1
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Shi ZT, Hu YX, Hu Z, Zhang Q, Chen SY, Chen M, Yu JJ, Yin GQ, Sun H, Xu L, Li X, Feringa BL, Yang HB, Tian H, Qu DH. Visible-Light-Driven Rotation of Molecular Motors in Discrete Supramolecular Metallacycles. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:442-452. [PMID: 33371675 PMCID: PMC7809693 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The organization of molecular motors in supramolecular assemblies to allow the amplification and transmission of motion and collective action is an important step toward future responsive systems. Metal-coordination-driven directional self-assembly into supramolecular metallacycles provides a powerful strategy to position several motor units in larger structures with well-defined geometries. Herein, we present a pyridyl-modified molecular motor ligand (MPY) which upon coordination with geometrically distinct di-Pt(II) acceptors assembles into discrete metallacycles of different sizes and shapes. This coordination leads to a red-shift of the absorption bands of molecular motors, making these motorized metallacycles responsive to visible light. Photochemical and thermal isomerization experiments demonstrated that the light-driven rotation of the motors in the metallacycles is similar to that in free MPY in solution. CD studies show that the helicity inversions associated with each isomerization step in the rotary cycle are preserved. To explore collective motion, the trimeric motor-containing metallacycle was aggregated with heparin through multiple electrostatic interactions, to construct a multi-component hierarchical system. SEM, TEM, and DLS measurements revealed that the photo- and thermal-responsive molecular motor units enabled selective manipulation of the secondary supramolecular aggregation process without dissociating the primary metallacycle structures. These visible-light-responsive metallacycles, with intrinsic multiple rotary motors, offer prospects for cooperative operations, dynamic hierarchical self-assembled systems, and adaptive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Tao Shi
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yi-Xiong Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Zhubin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.,Center for System Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Shao-Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.,Center for System Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Meng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jing-Jing Yu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Guang-Qiang Yin
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Haitao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.,Center for System Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Da-Hui Qu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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2
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Triphenylene based metal-pyridine cages. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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3
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Ryu JY, Lee S, Lee MH, Lee J. Hetero‐Multinuclear Co
2
Pt
8
Supramolecular Cages Having D
4
Symmetry from Tetrapyridyl Metalloligands. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Ryu
- Department of ChemistryChonnam National University Gwangju 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Sunwoo Lee
- Department of ChemistryChonnam National University Gwangju 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hyung Lee
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Ulsan Ulsan 44610 Republic of Korea
| | - Junseong Lee
- Department of ChemistryChonnam National University Gwangju 61186 Republic of Korea
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4
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Furgal JC, Yamane H, Odykirk TR, Yi E, Chujo Y, Laine RM. High Surface Area, Thermally Stable, Hydrophobic, Microporous, Rigid Gels Generated at Ambient from MeSi(OEt)3
/(EtO)3
SiCH2
CH2
Si(OEt)3
Mixtures by F−
-Catalyzed Hydrolysis. Chemistry 2017; 24:274-280. [PMID: 29053171 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C. Furgal
- Department of Chemistry; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Photochemical Sciences; Bowling Green State University; Bowling Green OH 43403 USA
| | - Honami Yamane
- Department Polymer Chemistry; Kyoto University; Kyoto Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Timothy R. Odykirk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Eongyu Yi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department Polymer Chemistry; Kyoto University; Kyoto Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Richard M. Laine
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Department of Macromolecular Science & Engineering; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
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5
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6
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Ito M, Iseki M, Itazaki M, Nakazawa H. Tetrahedral cage complex with planar vertices: selective synthesis of Pt4L6 cage complexes involving hydrogen bonds driven by halide binding. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:7205-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc01448h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The first synthesis of tetrahedral cage complexes with four square-planar Pt complexes at the vertex positions was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Ito
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science Osaka City University
- Osaka 558-8585
- Japan
| | - Masato Iseki
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science Osaka City University
- Osaka 558-8585
- Japan
| | - Masumi Itazaki
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science Osaka City University
- Osaka 558-8585
- Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakazawa
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science Osaka City University
- Osaka 558-8585
- Japan
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7
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Xu L, Wang YX, Yang HB. Recent advances in the construction of fluorescent metallocycles and metallocages via coordination-driven self-assembly. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:867-90. [PMID: 25429665 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02996h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During the last few years, the construction of fluorescent metallocycles and metallocages has attracted considerable attention because of their wide applications in fluorescence detection of metal ions, anions, or small molecules, mimicking complicated natural photo-processes, and preparing photoelectric devices, etc. This perspective focuses on the recent advances in the construction of a variety of fluorescent metallocycles and metallocages via coordination-driven self-assembly. In addition, the fluorescence properties and the applications of these organometallic architectures have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Henkelis JJ, Hardie MJ. Controlling the assembly of cyclotriveratrylene-derived coordination cages. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:11929-43. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03071d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ligand-functionalised cyclotriveratrylene derivatives self-assemble to afford coordination cages and topologically non-trivial constructs, including controlled assembly of M3L2 metallo-cryptophane and M6L8 cages.
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9
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Yan X, Li S, Pollock JB, Cook TR, Chen J, Zhang Y, Ji X, Yu Y, Huang F, Stang PJ. Supramolecular polymers with tunable topologies via hierarchical coordination-driven self-assembly and hydrogen bonding interfaces. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:15585-90. [PMID: 24019475 PMCID: PMC3785758 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1307472110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A powerful strategy to obtain complex supramolecular materials is the bottom-up construction of noncovalently bound materials by hierarchical self-assembly. This assembly process involves stepwise, uniform increases to the architectural complexity of a substrate, starting from discrete precursors and growing in dimensionality through controlled reactivity to a final product. Herein, two orthogonal processes are exploited: coordination-driven self-assembly and hydrogen bonding. The former relies on the predictable formation of metal-ligand bonds wherein the directionalities of the rigid precursors used determines the structural outcome. The latter uses 2-ureido-4-pyrimidinone interfaces that are structurally robust by virtue of the quadruple hydrogen bonding that can occur between subunits. By combining these two processes into a single system, it is possible to generate hierarchical materials that preserve the attractive tunability associated with discrete supramolecular coordination complexes. For instance, the synthesis of a one-dimensional chain comprising linked metalla-rhomboids is readily adapted to a 2D cross-linked hexagonal network by simply selecting a different metal acceptor precursor as an assembly component. The specific interactions between subunits, in this case platinum(II)-pyridyl bonds and the quadruple H-bonding of ureidopyrimidinone, are unchanged, establishing a unique strategy to obtain supramolecular polymers with marked topological differences with minimal synthetic redesign. In addition, the structural rigidity imposed by the inclusion of the platinum metallacycles serves to minimize the formation of cyclic oligomers, increasing the efficacy of formation and improving the properties of the resultant materials. Furthermore, this study taps the potential of organoplatinum(II) metallacycles in materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuzhou Yan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Shijun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; and
| | | | - Timothy R. Cook
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Jianzhuang Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Xiaofan Ji
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yihua Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Feihe Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Peter J. Stang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
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10
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Cook TR, Zheng YR, Stang PJ. Metal-organic frameworks and self-assembled supramolecular coordination complexes: comparing and contrasting the design, synthesis, and functionality of metal-organic materials. Chem Rev 2013; 113:734-77. [PMID: 23121121 PMCID: PMC3764682 DOI: 10.1021/cr3002824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2131] [Impact Index Per Article: 193.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R. Cook
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112
| | - Yao-Rong Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112
| | - Peter J. Stang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112
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11
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Chen JS, Zhao GJ, Cook TR, Sun XF, Yang SQ, Zhang MX, Han KL, Stang PJ. Experimental and Theoretical Study on the Photophysical Properties of 90° and 60° Bimetallic Platinum Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:9911-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3072475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Sheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular
Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s
Republic of China
- Graduate
School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Guang-Jiu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular
Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Timothy R. Cook
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City,
Utah 84112, United States
| | - Xiao-Fei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular
Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Song-Qiu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular
Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Ming-Xing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular
Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Ke-Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular
Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Peter J. Stang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City,
Utah 84112, United States
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12
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Han Q, Li QJ, He J, Hu B, Tan H, Abliz Z, Wang CH, Yu Y, Yang HB. Design and Synthesis of 60° Dendritic Donor Ligands and Their Coordination-Driven Self-Assembly into Supramolecular Rhomboidal Metallodendrimers. J Org Chem 2011; 76:9660-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo201594u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes,
Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Quan-Jie Li
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Jiuming He
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P. R.
China
| | - Bingjie Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Magnetic Resonance, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Zeper Abliz
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P. R.
China
| | - Cui-Hong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes,
Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Yihua Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Magnetic Resonance, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes,
Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
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13
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Chen LJ, Zhang J, He J, Xu XD, Wu NW, Wang DX, Abliz Z, Yang HB. Synthesis of Platinum Acetylide Derivatives with Different Shapes and Their Gel Formation Behavior. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om2003317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiuming He
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Dong Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Nai-Wei Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Xian Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeper Abliz
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M. Laine
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center
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15
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Wang M, Vajpayee V, Shanmugaraju S, Zheng YR, Zhao Z, Kim H, Mukherjee PS, Chi KW, Stang PJ. Coordination-driven self-assembly of M3L2 trigonal cages from preorganized metalloligands incorporating octahedral metal centers and fluorescent detection of nitroaromatics. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:1506-12. [PMID: 21214171 PMCID: PMC3071539 DOI: 10.1021/ic1020719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The design and preparation of novel M(3)L(2) trigonal cages via the coordination-driven self-assembly of preorganized metalloligands containing octahedral aluminum(III), gallium(III), or ruthenium(II) centers is described. When tritopic or dinuclear linear metalloligands and appropriate complementary subunits are employed, M(3)L(2) trigonal-bipyramidal and trigonal-prismatic cages are self-assembled under mild conditions. These three-dimensional cages were characterized with multinuclear NMR spectroscopy ((1)H and (31)P) and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The structure of one such trigonal-prismatic cage, self-assembled from an arene ruthenium metalloligand, was confirmed via single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The fluorescent nature of these prisms, due to the presence of their electron-rich ethynyl functionalities, prompted photophysical studies, which revealed that electron-deficient nitroaromatics are effective quenchers of the cages' emission. Excited-state charge transfer from the prisms to the nitroaromatic substrates can be used as the basis for the development of selective and discriminatory turn-off fluorescent sensors for nitroaromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Vaishali Vajpayee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749 Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yao-Rong Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Hyunuk Kim
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, Pohang, 690-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Ki-Whan Chi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Peter J. Stang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
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16
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Ghosh S, Mukherjee PS. Self-assembled Pd(II) metallocycles using an ambidentate donor and the study of square-triangle equilibria. Inorg Chem 2010; 48:2605-13. [PMID: 19267506 DOI: 10.1021/ic802254f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly reaction of a cis-blocked 90 degrees square planar metal acceptor with a symmetrical linear flexible linker is expected to yield a [4 + 4] self-assembled square, a [3 + 3] assembled triangle, or a mixture of these. However, if the ligand is a nonsymmetrical ambidentate, it is expected to form a complex mixture comprising several linkage isomeric squares and triangles as a result of different connectivities of the ambidentate linker. We report instead that the reaction of a 90 degrees acceptor cis-(dppf)Pd(OTf)(2) [where dppf = 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene] with an equimolar amount of the ambidentate unsymmetrical ligand Na-isonicotinate unexpectedly yields a mixture of symmetrical triangles and squares in the solution. An analogous reaction using cis-(tmen)Pd(NO(3))(2) instead of cis-(dppf)Pd(OTf)(2) also produced a mixture of symmetrical triangles and squares in the solution. In both cases the square was isolated as the sole product in the solid state, which was characterized by a single crystal structure analysis. The equilibrium between the triangle and the square in the solution is governed by the enthalpic and entropic contributions. The former parameter favors the formation of the square due to less strain in the structure whereas the latter one favors the formation of triangles due to the formation of more triangles from the same number of starting linkers. The effects of temperature and concentration on the equilibria have been studied by NMR techniques. This represents the first report on the study of square-triangle equilibria obtained using a nonsymmetric ambidentate linker. Detail NMR spectroscopy along with the ESI-mass spectrometry unambiguously identified the components in the mixture while the X-ray structure analysis determined the solid-state structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushobhan Ghosh
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, India
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17
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Zhao L, Ghosh K, Zheng YR, Stang PJ. Construction of endo-functionalized two dimensional metallacycles via coordination-driven self-assembly. J Org Chem 2010; 74:8516-21. [PMID: 19835395 DOI: 10.1021/jo9019607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of three endofunctionalized two-dimensional supramolecular metallacycles including two [2 + 2] rhomboids (5 and 6) and a [3 + 3] hexagon (7) is reported. The resulting self-assembled supramolecular structures, containing several nitrobenzyl moieties at their interior surface, have been fully characterized by multinuclear NMR ((31)P and (1)H) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. A significant C-H...O hydrogen bonding between the nitrobenzyl acceptor and the edge molecules of the supramolecular architecture is observed in the small rhomboid 5 and this interaction gradually decreases upon the enlargement of the resulting polygonal structures from a small rhomboid 5 through a large rhomboid 6 to a hexagon 7. Molecular modeling with the MMFF force field gives a possible conformation of each self-assembly in different solvents and shows that the hydrophilic nitrobenzyl moiety prefers to be buried in the cavity of the resulting polygonal structures in nonpolar solvents, thus forming hydrogen bonds with the peripheral component building units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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18
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Zheng YR, Yang HB, Ghosh K, Zhao L, Stang PJ. Multicomponent supramolecular systems: self-organization in coordination-driven self-assembly. Chemistry 2009; 15:7203-14. [PMID: 19544512 PMCID: PMC2765196 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The self-organization of multicomponent supramolecular systems involving a variety of two-dimensional (2 D) polygons and three-dimensional (3 D) cages is presented. Nine self-organizing systems, SS(1)-SS(9), have been studied. Each involves the simultaneous mixing of organoplatinum acceptors and pyridyl donors of varying geometry and their selective self-assembly into three to four specific 2 D (rectangular, triangular, and rhomboid) and/or 3 D (triangular prism and distorted and nondistorted trigonal bipyramidal) supramolecules. The formation of these discrete structures is characterized using NMR spectroscopy and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). In all cases, the self-organization process is directed by: 1) the geometric information encoded within the molecular subunits and 2) a thermodynamically driven dynamic self-correction process. The result is the selective self-assembly of multiple discrete products from a randomly formed complex. The influence of key experimental variables--temperature and solvent--on the self-correction process and the fidelity of the resulting self-organization systems is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Rong Zheng
- Department of Chemistry University of Utah 315 South 1400 East, RM, 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, China, 200062
| | - Koushik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry University of Utah 315 South 1400 East, RM, 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry University of Utah 315 South 1400 East, RM, 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112
| | - Peter J. Stang
- Department of Chemistry University of Utah 315 South 1400 East, RM, 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112
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Abstract
My sojourn from classical physical-organic chemistry and solvolysis to self-assembly and supramolecular chemistry, over the last forty years, is described. My contributions to unsaturated reactive intermediates, namely vinyl cations and unsaturated carbenes, along with my decade-long involvement with polyvalent iodine chemistry, especially alkynyliodonium salts, as well as my more recent research with metal-ligand, coordination driven, and directed self-assembly of finite supramolecular ensembles are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Stang
- University of Utah, Department of Chemistry, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.
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Yan L, Wang Z, Chen MT, Wu N, Lan J, Gao X, You J, Gau HM, Chen CT. Preferential Formation of Homochiral Helical Sandwich-Shaped Architectures through the Metal-Mediated Assembly of Tris(imidazoline) Ligands with a Set of d3-d10 Transition-Metal Ions. Chemistry 2008; 14:11601-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Asuncion MZ, Roll MF, Laine RM. Octaalkynylsilsesquioxanes, Nano Sea Urchin Molecular Building Blocks for 3-D-Nanostructures. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma801480p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Z. Asuncion
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136
| | - Mark F. Roll
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136
| | - Richard M. Laine
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136
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Ghosh K, Yang HB, Northrop BH, Lyndon MM, Zheng YR, Muddiman DC, Stang PJ. Coordination-driven self-assembly of cavity-cored multiple crown ether derivatives and poly[2]pseudorotaxanes. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:5320-34. [PMID: 18341280 DOI: 10.1021/ja711502t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a new 120 degree diplatinum(II) acceptor unit and the self-assembly of a series of two-dimensional metallacyclic polypseudorotaxanes that utilize both metal-ligand and crown ether-dialkylammonium noncovalent interactions are described. Judiciously combining complementary diplatinum(II) acceptors with bispyridyl donor building blocks, with an acceptor and/or donor possessing a pendant dibenzo[24]crown-8 (DB24C8) moiety, allows for the formation of three new rhomboidal bis-DB24C8, one new hexagonal tris-DB24C8, and four new hexakis-DB24C8 metallacyclic polygons in quantitative yields. The size and shape of each assembly, as well as the location and stoichiometry of the DB24C8 macrocycle, can be precisely controlled. Each polygon is able to complex two, three, or six dibenzylammonium ions without disrupting the underlying metallacyclic polygons, thus producing eight different poly[2]pseudorotaxanes and demonstrating the utility and scope of this orthogonal self-assembly technique. The assemblies are characterized with one-dimensional multinuclear ((1)H and (31)P) and two-dimensional ((1)H-(1)H COSY and NOESY) NMR spectroscopy as well as mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Further analysis of the size and shape of each assembly is obtained through molecular force-field simulations. (1)H NMR titration experiments are used to establish thermodynamic binding constants and poly[2]pseudorotaxane/dibenzylammonium stoichiometries. Factors influencing the efficiency of poly[2]pseudorotaxane formation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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Ghosh S, Mukherjee PS. Self-Assembly of a Nanoscopic Prism via a New Organometallic Pt3 Acceptor and Its Fluorescent Detection of Nitroaromatics. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om701082y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sushobhan Ghosh
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Sciences, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Sciences, Bangalore-560012, India
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Ghosh S, Chakrabarty R, Mukherjee PS. Coordination driven self-assembly of four new molecular boats using a flexible imidazole-containing donor linker. Dalton Trans 2008:1850-6. [DOI: 10.1039/b713783d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Westcott A, Fisher J, Harding LP, Hardie MJ. Flattened trigonal bipyramidal coordination assembly with trans geometry. CrystEngComm 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b716733b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wang Y, Cheng P, Song Y, Liao DZ, Yan SP. Self-Assembly and Anion-Exchange Properties of a Discrete Cage and 3D Coordination Networks Based on Cage Structures. Chemistry 2007; 13:8131-8. [PMID: 17614306 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200700431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
By using tridentate ligand 4-(3-pyridinyl)-1,2,4-triazole (pytrz), cage-like complexes of {[Cu(mu2-pytrz)2](ClO4)(SO4)0.5C2H5OH.0.25 H2O}6 (1), {[Cu3(mu3-pytrz)4(mu2-Cl)2(H2O)2](ClO4)2Cl(2).2 H2O}n (2), and {[Cu3(mu3-pytrz)3(mu3-O)(H2O)3](ClO4)2.5(BF4)(1.5)5.25 H2O}n (3) have been synthesized with different copper(II) salts. Complex 1 represents the second example of a M6L12 metal-organic octahedron with an overall Th symmetry. Complex 2 is constructed from a 3(8) cage-building unit (CBU) and each CBU connects six neighboring cages to give the first 3D metal-organic framework (MOF) based on octahedral M6L12. Complex 3 is built from Cu24(pytrz)12 CBUs with the trinuclear copper clusters serving as second building units (SBUs) and decorating each corner of the M24L12 polyhedron. The Cu24(pytrz)12 building unit is linked by extra ligands to give an extended 3D framework that has the formula Cu24(pytrz)24 and possesses a CaB6 topology. The mixed anions ClO4- and BF4- in 3 are both included in the inner cavity of the cage and can be completely exchanged by ClO4- through the open windows of the cage, as evidenced by the crystal structure of the 3D MOF {[Cu3(mu3-pytrz)3(mu3-O)(H2O)3](ClO4)(4)4.5 H2O}n (4). Complex 4 can also be synthesized when employing 1 as a precursor in an extensive study of the anion-exchange reaction. This represents the first successful conversion of a discrete cage into a 3D coordination network based on a cage structure. Complex 2 remains invariable during anion-exchange reactions because uncoordinated Cl- ions are located in the comparatively small inner cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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