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Waelès P, Gauthier M, Coutrot F. Challenges and Opportunities in the Post-Synthetic Modification of Interlocked Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16778-16799. [PMID: 32894812 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Several strategies have been successfully utilised to obtain a wide range of interlocked molecules. However, some interlocked compounds are still not obtained directly and/or efficiently from non-interlocked components because the requisites for self-assembly cannot always be enforced. To circumvent such a synthetic problem, a strategy that consists of synthesizing an isolable and storable interlocked building block in a step that precedes its modification is an appealing chemical route to more sophisticated interlocked molecules. Synthetic opportunities and challenges are closely linked to the fact that the mechanical bond might greatly affect the reactivity of a functionality of the encircled axle, but that the interlocked architecture needs to be preserved during the synthesis. Hence, the mechanical bond plays a fundamental role in the strategy employed. This Review focuses on the challenging post-synthetic modifications of interlocked molecules, sometimes through cleavage of the axle's main chain, but always with conservation of the mechanical bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Waelès
- Supramolecular Machines and ARchitectures Team, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, case courrier 1706, Bâtiment Chimie (17), 3ème étage, Faculté des Sciences, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Maxime Gauthier
- Supramolecular Machines and ARchitectures Team, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, case courrier 1706, Bâtiment Chimie (17), 3ème étage, Faculté des Sciences, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Frédéric Coutrot
- Supramolecular Machines and ARchitectures Team, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, case courrier 1706, Bâtiment Chimie (17), 3ème étage, Faculté des Sciences, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier cedex 5, France
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Waelès P, Gauthier M, Coutrot F. Challenges and Opportunities in the Post‐Synthetic Modification of Interlocked Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Waelès
- Supramolecular Machines and ARchitectures Team Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) UMR 5247 CNRS Université de Montpellier ENSCM case courrier 1706, Bâtiment Chimie (17), 3ème étage, Faculté des Sciences, Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier cedex 5 France
| | - Maxime Gauthier
- Supramolecular Machines and ARchitectures Team Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) UMR 5247 CNRS Université de Montpellier ENSCM case courrier 1706, Bâtiment Chimie (17), 3ème étage, Faculté des Sciences, Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier cedex 5 France
| | - Frédéric Coutrot
- Supramolecular Machines and ARchitectures Team Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) UMR 5247 CNRS Université de Montpellier ENSCM case courrier 1706, Bâtiment Chimie (17), 3ème étage, Faculté des Sciences, Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier cedex 5 France
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Pairault N, Bessaguet A, Barat R, Frédéric L, Pieters G, Crassous J, Opalinski I, Papot S. Diastereoselective synthesis of [1]rotaxanes via an active metal template strategy. Chem Sci 2020; 12:2521-2526. [PMID: 34164020 PMCID: PMC8179266 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05369d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the impressive number of interlocked molecules described in the literature over the past 30 years, only a few stereoselective syntheses of mechanically chiral rotaxanes have been reported so far. In this study, we present the first diastereoselective synthesis of mechanically planar chiral [1]rotaxanes, that has been achieved using the active template Cu-mediated alkyne–azide cycloaddition reaction. This synthetic method has been applied to the preparation of a [1]rotaxane bearing a labile stopper that can then be substituted without disruption of the mechanical bond. This approach paves the way for the synthesis of a wide variety of mechanically planar chiral [1]rotaxanes, hence allowing the study of the properties and potential applications of this class of interlocked molecular architectures. The first diastereoselective synthesis of mechanically planar chiral [1]rotaxanes has been achieved using the active template Cu-mediated alkyne–azide cycloaddition reaction.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Noël Pairault
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7285, Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Groupe "Systèmes Moléculaires Programmés" Rue Michel-Brunet, TSA 51106 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9 France
| | - Adrien Bessaguet
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7285, Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Groupe "Systèmes Moléculaires Programmés" Rue Michel-Brunet, TSA 51106 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9 France
| | - Romain Barat
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7285, Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Groupe "Systèmes Moléculaires Programmés" Rue Michel-Brunet, TSA 51106 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9 France
| | - Lucas Frédéric
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Grégory Pieters
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Jeanne Crassous
- Université de Rennes, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226 Campus de Beaulieu Rennes 35042 France
| | - Isabelle Opalinski
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7285, Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Groupe "Systèmes Moléculaires Programmés" Rue Michel-Brunet, TSA 51106 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9 France
| | - Sébastien Papot
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7285, Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Groupe "Systèmes Moléculaires Programmés" Rue Michel-Brunet, TSA 51106 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9 France
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4
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Acevedo-Jake A, Ball AT, Galli M, Kukwikila M, Denis M, Singleton DG, Tavassoli A, Goldup SM. AT-CuAAC Synthesis of Mechanically Interlocked Oligonucleotides. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:5985-5990. [PMID: 32155338 PMCID: PMC8016193 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We present a simple strategy for the synthesis of main chain oligonucleotide rotaxanes with precise control over the position of the macrocycle. The novel DNA-based rotaxanes were analyzed to assess the effect of the mechanical bond on their properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Acevedo-Jake
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Andrew T. Ball
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Marzia Galli
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Mikiembo Kukwikila
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Mathieu Denis
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Daniel G. Singleton
- ATDBio
Ltd, School of Chemistry, University of
Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Ali Tavassoli
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Stephen M. Goldup
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
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5
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Synthesis, structure and binding properties of a series of dissymmetric resorcin[4]arene-based cavitands. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Benson CR, Share AI, Marzo MG, Flood AH. Double Switching of Two Rings in Palindromic [3]Pseudorotaxanes: Cooperativity and Mechanism of Motion. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:3767-76. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Benson
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Andrew I. Share
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Matthew G. Marzo
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Amar H. Flood
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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Chen HJ, Tseng MC, Hsu IJ, Chen WT, Han CC, Shyu SG. Ligand free copper(I)-catalyzed synthesis of diaryl ether with Cs2CO3 via a free radical path. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:12086-90. [PMID: 25825861 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00151j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Complexes [Cu(I)(2,4-dimethylphenoxy)2](-) (A) and [Cu(II)(2,4-dimethylphenoxy)2(p-tolyl)](-) (B) were observed by in situ electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis of the ligand free copper(I)-catalyzed C-O coupling reaction using Cs2CO3 under the catalytic reaction conditions indicating that they could be intermediates in the reaction. The radical scavenger cumene retarded the reaction. Catalytic cycles involving a free radical path are proposed based on these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jie Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Shi J, Cao X, Wang X, Nie X, Zhou B, Bao X, Zhu J. A novel switchable [2]rotaxane driven by light energy with Rhodamine B as a stopper. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.04.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Anion-π Interactions in Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis. CHALLENGES AND ADVANCES IN COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-14163-3_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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10
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Chen HJ, Hsu IJ, Tseng MC, Shyu SG. Possible intermediates of Cu(phen)-catalyzed C-O cross-coupling of phenol with an aryl bromide by in situ ESI-MS and EPR studies. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:11410-7. [PMID: 24935814 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt00582a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The C-O coupling reaction between 2,4-dimethylphenol and 4-bromotoluene catalyzed by the CuI/K2CO3/phen system can be inhibited by the radical scavenger cumene. Complexes [Cu(i)(phen)(1-(2,4-dimethylphenoxy)-4-methylbenzene)](+) (denoted as A), {H[Cu(i)(phen)(2,4-dimethylphenoxy)]}(+) and [Cu(i)(2,4-dimethylphenoxy)2](-) (denoted as B) were observed by in situ electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis of the copper(i)-catalyzed C-O coupling reaction under the catalytic reaction conditions indicating that they could be intermediates in the reaction. The in situ EPR study of the reaction solution detected the Cu(ii) species with a fitted g value of 2.188. A catalytic cycle with a single electron transfer (SET) step was proposed based on these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jie Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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11
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Frontera A. Encapsulation of anions: Macrocyclic receptors based on metal coordination and anion–π interactions. Coord Chem Rev 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Bao X, Liu D, Jin Y, Liu X, Jiang W. Design and synthesis of a novel Rhodamine B [2]rotaxane. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40968f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Frontera A, Gamez P, Mascal M, Mooibroek TJ, Reedijk J. Anion-π-Wechselwirkungen ins rechte Licht gerückt. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201100208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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14
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Frontera A, Gamez P, Mascal M, Mooibroek TJ, Reedijk J. Putting anion-π interactions into perspective. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:9564-83. [PMID: 21928463 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201100208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 520] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular chemistry is a field of scientific exploration that probes the relationship between molecular structure and function. It is the chemistry of the noncovalent bond, which forms the basis of highly specific recognition, transport, and regulation events that actuate biological processes. The classic design principles of supramolecular chemistry include strong, directional interactions like hydrogen bonding, halogen bonding, and cation-π complexation, as well as less directional forces like ion pairing, π-π, solvophobic, and van der Waals potentials. In recent years, the anion-π interaction (an attractive force between an electron-deficient aromatic π system and an anion) has been recognized as a hitherto unexplored noncovalent bond, the nature of which has been interpreted through both experimental and theoretical investigations. The design of selective anion receptors and channels based on this interaction represent important advances in the field of supramolecular chemistry. The objectives of this Review are 1) to discuss current thinking on the nature of this interaction, 2) to survey key experimental work in which anion-π bonding is demonstrated, and 3) to provide insights into the directional nature of anion-π contact in X-ray crystal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Frontera
- Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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Thibeault D, Morin JF. Recent advances in the synthesis of ammonium-based rotaxanes. Molecules 2010; 15:3709-30. [PMID: 20657509 PMCID: PMC6263328 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15053709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Revised: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of synthetic methods enabling the preparation of ammonium-based rotaxanes has increased very rapidly in the past ten years. The challenge in the synthesis of rotaxanes results from the rather weak interactions between the ammonium-containing rod and the crown ether macrocycle in the pseudorotaxane structure that rely mostly on O*H hydrogen bonds. Indeed, no strong base or polar solvent that could break up H-bonding can be used during the formation of rotaxanes because the two components will separate as two distinct entities. Moreover, most of the reactions have to be performed at room temperature to favor the formation of pseudorotaxane in solution. These non-trivial prerequisites have been taken into account to develop efficient reaction conditions for the preparation of rotaxanes and those are described in detail along this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-François Morin
- Département de Chimie, Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA), 1045 Ave. de la Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada; E-Mail: (D.T.)
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Wang X, Zhu J, Smithrud DB. Synthesis and Investigation of Host-[2]Rotaxanes That Bind Metal Cations. J Org Chem 2010; 75:3358-70. [DOI: 10.1021/jo100330e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, PO Box 210172, Cincinnati, OH 45221
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, PO Box 210172, Cincinnati, OH 45221
| | - David B. Smithrud
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, PO Box 210172, Cincinnati, OH 45221
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Ortial S, Denoyelle SÃ, Wein S, Berger O, Durand T, Escale R, Pellet A, Vial H, Vo-Hoang Y. Synthesis and Evaluation of Hybrid Bis-cationic Salts as Antimalarial Drugs. ChemMedChem 2010; 5:52-5. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200900427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Tokunaga Y, Ohiwa N, Ohta G, Yamauchi Y, Goda T, Kawai N, Sugihara T, Shimomura Y, Hoshi T. Efficient Synthesis of [2]Rotaxanes Based on Sequential Acetylene-Dicobalt Hexacarbonyl Complexation and Stopper Modification. HETEROCYCLES 2009. [DOI: 10.3987/com-08-s(f)83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Zhu J, McFarland-Mancini M, Drew AF, Smithrud DB. Host-rotaxanes with oligomeric axles are intracellular transport agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:520-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2008] [Revised: 11/06/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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20
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Hara T, Saito R. Cyclic methacrylic acid oligomer as a novel pH-sensitive carrier material. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Crown ether–tert-ammonium salt complex fixed as rotaxane and its derivation to nonionic rotaxane. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.02.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Zhu J, House BE, Fleck E, Isaacsohn I, Drew AF, Smithrud DB. A host-rotaxane derivatized with carboxylic acids efficiently delivers a highly cationic fluoresceinated peptide. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:5058-62. [PMID: 17656089 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2007] [Revised: 07/05/2007] [Accepted: 07/06/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A cleft-[2]rotaxane (CR2+2-) was derivatized with carboxylic acids to enhance the intracellular delivery of a highly cationic or anionic pentapeptide. CR2+2- delivers the fluorescein (Fl) tagged peptide Fl-KKALR to a greater amount than Fl-QEAVD, and at a higher concentration, a greater amount than Fl-AVWAL. The level of delivery is largely temperature and ATP independent, suggesting that the Fl-peptide.CR2+2- complexes pass through the cellular membrane without requiring active cell-mediated processes. This study shows that selective delivery of peptides is possible by using a suitably derivatized host-rotaxane as the transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, PO Box 210172, OH 45221, USA
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23
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Zhu J, Smithrud DB. Host-rotaxanes model proteins that promote ligand association through a favorable change in configurational entropy. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:2992-9. [PMID: 17728866 DOI: 10.1039/b707955a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Proteins can reduce the entropic penalty for ligand association through a favorable change in configurational entropy. To investigate this process, the Delta G(o), Delta H(o), and DeltaS(o) of complexes formed between host-rotaxanes and guests were determined and compared to discover the relationship between rotaxane-structure and the energies involved in guest-association in water and DMSO. Fluorescence quenching assays provided the association constants. Van't Hoff analysis of variable temperature assays gave the enthalpies of binding. The driving force for the association of a guest and a host-rotaxane can switch from being enthalpically to entropically driven with a change in the solvent or guest. This study shows that a dramatic increase in the entropy of binding can be obtained through the addition of a rotaxane-wheel to a synthetic host. An increased motion of the wheel appears to be the source of the positive binding entropy, which would be an example of favorable configurational entropy promoting complex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
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