1
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Misselwitz E, Spengler J, Rominger F, Kivala M. Indenoannulated Tridecacyclene: An All-Carbon Seven-Stage Redox-Amphoter. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400696. [PMID: 38563636 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
We disclose an indenoannulated tridecacyclene comprising a central cyclooctatetraene moiety with multiple adjacent pentagonal rings which is accessible in a concise synthetic sequence. The saddle-shaped geometry of the non-benzenoid polycyclic scaffold and its unique packing behavior in the solid state were characterized by X-ray crystallography. In electrochemical studies, the compound undergoes seven reversible redox events comprising five reductions and two oxidations. The dicationic and dianionic species obtained by chemical oxidation and reduction, respectively, were characterized spectroscopically in solution. Density functional theory calculations were applied to provide insights into aromaticity evolution in the respective charged species, highlighting the beneficial effect of the non-benzenoid moieties on charge stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Misselwitz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonas Spengler
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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2
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Polkaehn J, Ehlers P, Villinger A, Langer P. Pyrene-bridged acenaphthenes: synthesis and properties of a diacenaphtho[1,2- e:1',2'- l]pyrene and its symmetrical nitrogen analogue. Org Biomol Chem 2023. [PMID: 38044660 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01744c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The considerable need for novel polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) for applications in the area of organic electronics remains unchanged. Diacenaphthopyrene represents a new PAH consisting of two acenaphthylene units connected by a pyrene bridge. The system is built up by Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling, followed by acid catalyzed cyclosiomerization to generate the pyrene moiety. The new fused scaffold is formed in the last step in convincing yields by means of CH-activation. We additionally synthesized one aza-pyrene based analogue. The two hitherto unknown PAHs were investigated in detail by UV-Vis and PL spectroscopy, CV measurements and DFT calculations. Based on these results, the abilities of the novel structure as well as the effect of incorporation of nitrogen were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Polkaehn
- Institute of Chemistry, University Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Peter Ehlers
- Institute of Chemistry, University Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Institute of Chemistry, University Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Peter Langer
- Institute of Chemistry, University Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis (LIKAT) at the University Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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3
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Alshubramy MA, Alamry KA, Hussein MA. An overview of the synthetic strategies of C3-symmetric polymeric materials containing benzene and triazine cores and their biomedical applications. RSC Adv 2023; 13:14317-14339. [PMID: 37179987 PMCID: PMC10170496 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01336g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
C3-symmetric star-shaped materials are an emerging category of porous organic polymers with distinctive properties such as permanent porosity, good thermal and chemical stability, high surface area, and appropriate functionalization that promote outstanding potential in various applications. This review is mostly about constructing benzene or s-triazine rings as the center of C3-symmetric molecules and using side-arm reactions to add functions to these molecules. Over and above this, the performance of various polymerization processes has been additionally investigated in detail, including the trimerization of alkynes or aromatic nitriles, polycondensation of monomers with specific functional groups, and cross-coupling building blocks with benzene or triazine cores. Finally, the most recent progress in biomedical applications for C3-symmetric materials based on benzene or s-triazine have been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha A Alshubramy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A Alamry
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A Hussein
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University Assiut 71516 Egypt
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4
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Freestanding non-covalent thin films of the propeller-shaped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon decacyclene. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1920. [PMID: 35395820 PMCID: PMC8993932 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29429-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecularly thin, nanoporous thin films are of paramount importance in material sciences. Their use in a wide range of applications requires control over their chemical functionalities, which is difficult to achieve using current production methods. Here, the small polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon decacyclene is used to form molecular thin films, without requiring covalent crosslinking of any kind. The 2.5 nm thin films are mechanically stable, able to be free-standing over micrometer distances, held together solely by supramolecular interactions. Using a combination of computational chemistry and microscopic imaging techniques, thin films are studied on both a molecular and microscopic scale. Their mechanical strength is quantified using AFM nanoindentation, showing their capability of withstanding a point load of 26 ± 9 nN, when freely spanning over a 1 μm aperture, with a corresponding Young’s modulus of 6 ± 4 GPa. Our thin films constitute free-standing, non-covalent thin films based on a small PAH. Molecularly thin films are important in material sciences but their use in a wide range of applications requires control over their chemical functionalities, which is difficult to achieve. Here, the authors use decacyclene to form such freestanding and mechanically stable molecular films held together by supramolecular interactions without requiring covalent crosslinking of any kind
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5
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Fukamizo S, Ikeda H, Tsurumaki E, Toyota S. An Alternative Synthesis of Tribenzodecacyclenes and Experimental Barrier to Propeller Inversion. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20220015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shun Fukamizo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2–12–1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ikeda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2–12–1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
- Tokyo Metropolitan College of Industrial Technology, 1-10-40 Higashi-Oi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-0011, Japan
| | - Eiji Tsurumaki
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2–12–1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Shinji Toyota
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2–12–1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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6
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Górski K, Mech-Piskorz J, Pietraszkiewicz M. From truxenes to heterotruxenes: playing with heteroatoms and the symmetry of molecules. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00816e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As a result of the modification of truxene, we can change the electronic structure or create multidimensional materials. Thus, the use of truxenes is very wide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Górski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Justyna Mech-Piskorz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Marek Pietraszkiewicz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland
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7
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Zhang Q, Sun Y, Li H, Tang K, Zhong YW, Wang D, Guo Y, Liu Y. Synthesis of Two-Dimensional C-C Bonded Truxene-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks by Irreversible Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Aldol Cyclotrimerization. RESEARCH 2021; 2021:9790705. [PMID: 34549185 PMCID: PMC8435030 DOI: 10.34133/2021/9790705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of new C-C bonded two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is highly desirable. Here, a simple but effective synthetic strategy has been developed using an irreversible Brønsted acid-catalyzed aldol cyclotrimerization reaction by virtue of truxene as a linkage. Nonolefin C-C bonded 2D truxene-based covalent organic frameworks (Tru-COFs) were constructed by polymerization of 1,3,5-triindanonebenzene (TDB). The structure formation was confirmed by wide-angle X-ray scattering, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and solid-state 13C CP/MAS NMR. The results showed that the Tru-COFs were porous (645 m2/g) and chemically stable. Benzyl methylene in conjugated Tru-COFs more effectively produced photoinduced radicals than the model truxene compound. Due to the radical photoresponsiveness, Tru-COFs were efficient catalysts for photocatalytic oxidation of sulfides. We expect that this will provide a new synthetic methodology to obtain C-C bonded functional 2D COFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunlong Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haijing Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kun Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu-Wu Zhong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunlong Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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8
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Okazaki T, Aoyama G, Kitagawa T. Brønsted acid‐catalyzed aldol cyclotrimerization of 1‐indanones in ionic liquid: An experimental and DFT study of substituent effect. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takao Okazaki
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering Mie University Mie Japan
| | - Gaku Aoyama
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering Mie University Mie Japan
| | - Toshikazu Kitagawa
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering Mie University Mie Japan
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9
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Neal TA, Eippert AB, Chivington A, Jamison A, Chukwuma PC, Moore CE, Neal JF, Allen HC, Wysocki LM, Paul NM, Badjić JD. One-Pot Aldol Cascade for the Preparation of Isospiropyrans, Flavylium Salts, and bis-Spiropyrans. J Org Chem 2020; 85:8013-8020. [PMID: 32469215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We probed tandem aldol condensations of sixteen o-hydroxyacetophenones, carrying electron-withdrawing and -donating groups at positions 4 and 5, using five molar equivalents of SiCl4 in anhydrous ethanol. Substrates carrying electron-withdrawing groups (EWGs) (0 < ∑σ > 0.63) populated the equilibria with isospiropyrans (12-74% yield), while those carrying electron-donating groups (EDGs) (∑σ < -0.31) gave flavylium salts (50-80%) or thermochromic bis-spiropyrans (73%). The results are of interest for developing novel organic materials possessing switchable photochromic and thermochromic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A Neal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Allyson B Eippert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Austin Chivington
- Department of Chemistry, Wabash College, 301 W. Wabash Avenue, Crawfordsville, Indiana 47933, United States
| | - Andrew Jamison
- Department of Chemistry, Wabash College, 301 W. Wabash Avenue, Crawfordsville, Indiana 47933, United States
| | - P Chukwunalu Chukwuma
- Department of Chemistry, Wabash College, 301 W. Wabash Avenue, Crawfordsville, Indiana 47933, United States
| | - Curtis E Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jennifer F Neal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Heather C Allen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Laura M Wysocki
- Department of Chemistry, Wabash College, 301 W. Wabash Avenue, Crawfordsville, Indiana 47933, United States
| | - Noel M Paul
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jovica D Badjić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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10
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Górski K, Mech-Piskorz J, Leśniewska B, Pietraszkiewicz O, Pietraszkiewicz M. Toward Soluble 5,10-Diheterotruxenes: Synthesis and Reactivity of 5,10-Dioxatruxenes, 5,10-Dithiatruxenes, and 5,10-Diazatruxenes. J Org Chem 2020; 85:4672-4681. [PMID: 32180404 PMCID: PMC7590964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The following work
presents three general approaches allowing,
for the first time, the synthesis of 5,10-diheterotruxene derivatives
containing two identical heteroatoms, namely, oxygen OOC, nitrogen NNC, or sulfur SSC. Two of described
pathways involve the photocyclization of the corresponding triene 2 as a key step leading to a heptacyclic aromatic system.
The third approach is based on the acidic condensation between ninhydrin 14 and benzo[b]heteroole 15.
Typical functionalizations of the 5,10-diheterotruxene core have also
been presented. In addition, the article discusses the advantages
and limitations of the three suggested paths for receiving specific
5,10-diheterotruxene derivatives because the universal method suitable
for obtaining molecules with any type of heteroatoms is not known
so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Górski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Mech-Piskorz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Leśniewska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Oksana Pietraszkiewicz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Pietraszkiewicz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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11
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Cao J, Shi RG, Sun J, Liu D, Liu R, Xia X, Wang Y, Yan CG. Domino Reaction of Aromatic Aldehydes and 1,3-Indanediones for Construction of Bicyclo[2.2.2]octanes and Dibenzo[ b, g]indeno[1',2':3,4]fluoreno[1,2- d]oxonines. J Org Chem 2020; 85:2168-2179. [PMID: 31876418 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Triethylamine promoted the pseudo-five-component reaction of aromatic aldehyde with four molecules of 1,3-indanediones in refluxing ethanol to give unique polycyclic bicyclo[2.2.2]octane derivatives containing bridged- and spiro-indanone scaffolds in good yields. The mechanistic studies supported that the reaction included base-catalyzed cyclotrimerization of 1,3-indanedione to give an active cyclic diene and the sequential Diels-Alder reaction with in situ generated 2-arylidene-1,3-indanediones as electron-deficient dienophiles. On the other hand, the pseudo-four-component reaction of salicylaldehyde with 1,3-indanedione afforded the dibenzo[b,g]indeno[1',2':3,4]fluoreno[1,2-d]oxonines in high yields. This reaction clearly demonstrated the high efficiency, molecular convergence, atom-economy, and impressive selectivity of multicomponent reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225002 , China
| | - Rong-Guo Shi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225002 , China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225002 , China
| | - Dan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225002 , China
| | - Ruzhang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225002 , China
| | - Xiaonan Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225002 , China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225002 , China
| | - Chao-Guo Yan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225002 , China
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12
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Neal TA, Neal JF, Eippert AB, Moore C, Allen HC, Badjić JD. An easily accessible isospiropyran switch. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:9124-9128. [PMID: 31573016 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01822k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In the presence of SiCl4, three molecules of 5'-bromo-2'-hydroxyacetophenone underwent an unexpected tandem aldol condensation to give a novel isospiropyran switch (69%), with X-ray crystallography confirming its structure. The strong Brønsted acid CH3SO3H turned the colorless isospiropyran into its protonated and open form possessing red color. This process was reversed using the Et3N base, with the acid/base toggling repeatable for at least six times (UV-Vis). When printed on a silica plate, however, the isospiropyran formed a blue-colored product due to, as posited, its stabilization by hydrogen bonding (HB) to silica. An exposure to HB-competing ethyl acetate temporarily "erased" the print only to be brought back by subjecting the plate to a higher temperature for evaporating the solvent. The isospiropyran described here is an easily accessible, chromic, modular and switchable compound that one can incorporate into dynamic materials or use for building chemosensors, molecular machines and organic electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A Neal
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, 43210 Columbus, Ohio, USA.
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13
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Górski K, Mech-Piskorz J, Leśniewska B, Pietraszkiewicz O, Pietraszkiewicz M. Synthesis and Reactivity of 5-Heterotruxenes Containing Sulfur or Nitrogen as the Heteroatom. J Org Chem 2019; 84:11553-11561. [PMID: 31475531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents an alternative path for the synthesis of 5-thiatruxene and the synthetic approach for 5-azatruxene not known so far. A new method for 5-thiatruxene improves the overall reaction yield from 17.5 to 22.6%, diminishes the synthesis time and costs by reducing synthetic steps from 5 to 2, and simplifies the isolation of intermediate and final products. The overall reaction yield for 5-azatruxene is 32.4%. The typical reactivity of both aromatic systems is also demonstrated. Recent research results suggest the use of 5-thiatruxene as the acceptor subunit of soluble blue emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Górski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52 , 01-224 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Justyna Mech-Piskorz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52 , 01-224 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Barbara Leśniewska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52 , 01-224 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Oksana Pietraszkiewicz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52 , 01-224 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Marek Pietraszkiewicz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52 , 01-224 Warsaw , Poland
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14
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Guo C, Xia D, Yang Y, Zuo X. Synthesis of π-Conjugated Benzocyclotrimers. CHEM REC 2019; 19:2143-2156. [PMID: 30681252 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), especially three branchphene benzocyclotrimers represent a series of molecules with intriguing physical and chemical properties. Benzocyclotrimers are also important precursors to construct fullerenes and graphenes. In this article, we review the recent progress in the preparation methods of π-conjugated benzocyclotrimers. In particular, cyclotrimerization reactions to construct varying shaped and edged benzocyclotrimers are illustrated. Various typical characterization methods for these materials, such as variable-temperature 1 H-NMR, single crystal X-ray analysis, density functional theory (DFT) calculations and atomic force microscope (AFM) measurements are included for discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changding Guo
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.,Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Debin Xia
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yulin Yang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xia Zuo
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
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15
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Okazaki T, Nakanishi R, Kitagawa T. Effect of solvation of ionic liquid on Brønsted acid-catalyzed aldol cyclotrimerization of indanones and related cyclic ketones. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takao Okazaki
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering; Mie University; Tsu Mie Japan
| | - Ryota Nakanishi
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering; Mie University; Tsu Mie Japan
| | - Toshikazu Kitagawa
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering; Mie University; Tsu Mie Japan
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16
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Yamamoto Y, Yoshida M, Morii T, Nishida JI, Kitamura C, Kawase T. Synthesis and Properties of a Decacyclene Monoimide and a Naphthalimide Derivative as Three-Dimensional Acceptor-Donor-Acceptor Systems. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:790-798. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201701668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Engineering; University of Hyogo; 2167 Shosha Himeji Hyogo 671-2280 Japan
| | - Miu Yoshida
- Graduate School of Engineering; University of Hyogo; 2167 Shosha Himeji Hyogo 671-2280 Japan
| | - Takuya Morii
- Graduate School of Engineering; University of Hyogo; 2167 Shosha Himeji Hyogo 671-2280 Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Nishida
- Graduate School of Engineering; University of Hyogo; 2167 Shosha Himeji Hyogo 671-2280 Japan
| | - Chitoshi Kitamura
- School of Engineering; University of Shiga Prefecture; 2500 Hassaka-cho Hikone Shiga 522-8533 Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawase
- Graduate School of Engineering; University of Hyogo; 2167 Shosha Himeji Hyogo 671-2280 Japan
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17
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Wombacher T, Foro S, Schneider JJ. Synthesis and Molecular Structures of the Cationic Silver Complexes of the Polycondensed Aromatics Fluorene, Pseudorubrene, and Truxene. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Wombacher
- Eduard‐Zintl‐Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich‐Weiss‐Strasse 12 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Sabine Foro
- Institut für Materialwissenschaften Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich‐Weiss‐Strasse 2 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Jörg J. Schneider
- Eduard‐Zintl‐Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich‐Weiss‐Strasse 12 64287 Darmstadt Germany
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18
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Dorel R, de Mendoza P, Calleja P, Pascual S, González‐Cantalapiedra E, Cabello N, Echavarren AM. Synthesis of a Crushed Fullerene C60H24 through Sixfold Palladium-Catalyzed Arylation. European J Org Chem 2016; 2016:3171-3176. [PMID: 27774038 PMCID: PMC5053240 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a new C3v -symmetric crushed fullerene C60H24 (5) has been accomplished in three steps from truxene through sixfold palladium-catalyzed intramolecular arylation of a syn-trialkylated truxene precursor. Laser irradiation of 5 induces cyclodehydrogenation processes that result in the formation of C60, as detected by LDI-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Dorel
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyAv. Països Catalans 1643007TarragonaSpain
| | - Paula de Mendoza
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyAv. Països Catalans 1643007TarragonaSpain
| | - Pilar Calleja
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyAv. Països Catalans 1643007TarragonaSpain
| | - Sergio Pascual
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyAv. Països Catalans 1643007TarragonaSpain
| | - Esther González‐Cantalapiedra
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyAv. Països Catalans 1643007TarragonaSpain
| | - Noemí Cabello
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyAv. Països Catalans 1643007TarragonaSpain
| | - Antonio M. Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyAv. Països Catalans 1643007TarragonaSpain
- Departament de Química Orgànica i AnalíticaUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliC/ Marcel·lí Domingo s/n43007TarragonaSpain
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19
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Zhang G, Lami V, Rominger F, Vaynzof Y, Mastalerz M. Rigid Conjugated Twisted Truxene Dimers and Trimers as Electron Acceptors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:3977-81. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201511532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Vincent Lami
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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20
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Zhang G, Lami V, Rominger F, Vaynzof Y, Mastalerz M. Rigid Conjugated Twisted Truxene Dimers and Trimers as Electron Acceptors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201511532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Vincent Lami
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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21
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Sumy DP, Dodge NJ, Harrison CM, Finke AD, Whalley AC. Tridecacyclene: A Cyclic Tetramer of Acenaphthylene. Chemistry 2016; 22:4709-12. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Sumy
- Department of Chemistry; University of Vermont; Burlington Vermont 05405 USA
| | - Nicholas J. Dodge
- Department of Chemistry; University of Vermont; Burlington Vermont 05405 USA
| | - Chloe M. Harrison
- Department of Chemistry; University of Vermont; Burlington Vermont 05405 USA
| | - Aaron D. Finke
- Swiss Light Source; Paul Scherrer Institute; 5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
| | - Adam C. Whalley
- Department of Chemistry; University of Vermont; Burlington Vermont 05405 USA
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22
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Zhang G, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. Fused π-Extended Truxenes via a Threefold Borylation as the Key Step. Chemistry 2016; 22:3084-93. [PMID: 26833764 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of a threefold borylated truxene, which is accessible in high yields by iridium-catalyzed borylation under CH-activation, fused π-extended truxenes have been synthesized by a two-step method of first Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction and subsequent condensation reaction. The mild condensation method tolerates the presence of a variety of functional groups, such as nitro, fluoro, or carboxyl moieties. Furthermore, by using this approach, N- and S-heteroarene analogues become accessible for the first time, as well as larger structures that represent derivatives of precursors for fullerene C60 or buckybowls. The attached tert-butyl groups make all derivatives sufficiently soluble to allow full spectroscopic and electrochemical investigations. Postfunctionalization of selected derivatives for further synthetic applications of the compounds is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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23
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Wombacher T, Foro S, Schneider JJ. High-Yielding Synthesis and Full Spectroscopic Characterization of 5,6:11,12-Di-o-phenylenetetracene and Its Synthesis Intermediates. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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24
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Pfeffermann M, Dong R, Graf R, Zajaczkowski W, Gorelik T, Pisula W, Narita A, Müllen K, Feng X. Free-Standing Monolayer Two-Dimensional Supramolecular Organic Framework with Good Internal Order. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:14525-32. [PMID: 26529142 PMCID: PMC4749122 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b09638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Utilizing dynamic self-assembly and self-sorting to obtain large-area, molecularly precise monolayered structures represents a promising approach toward two-dimensional supramolecular organic frameworks (2D SOF) or 2D supramolecular polymers. So far, related approaches suffer from small domain sizes, fragility and weak long-range internal order. Here we report on the self-assembly of a host-guest enhanced donor-acceptor interaction, consisting of a tris(methoxynaphthyl)-substituted truxene spacer, and a naphthalene diimide substituted with N-methyl viologenyl moieties as donor and acceptor monomers, respectively, in combination with cucurbit[8]uril as host monomer toward monolayers of an unprecedented 2D SOF. Featuring orthogonal solubility, the participating molecules self-assemble at a liquid-liquid interface, yielding exceptionally large-area, insoluble films, which were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and optical microscopy to be monolayers with a thickness of 1.8 nm, homogeneously covering areas up to 0.25 cm(2), and featuring the ability to be free-standing over holes of 10 μm(2). Characterization with ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering allowed for confirmation of a successful complexation of all three monomers toward an internal long-range order and gave indications to an expected hexagonal superstructure. Our results extend the existing variety of two-dimensional soft nanomaterials by a versatile supramolecular approach, whereas the possibility of varying the functional monomers is supposed to open adaptability to different applications like membranes, sensors, molecular sieves, and optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pfeffermann
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Renhao Dong
- Center
for Advancing Electronics Dresden and Department of Chemistry and
Food Chemistry, Technische Universität
Dresden, Mommsenstraße
4, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Graf
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Tatiana Gorelik
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg
Universität Mainz, Welderweg 11, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Wojciech Pisula
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center
for Advancing Electronics Dresden and Department of Chemistry and
Food Chemistry, Technische Universität
Dresden, Mommsenstraße
4, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
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25
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Samanta SK, Preis E, Lehmann CW, Goddard R, Bag S, Maiti PK, Brunklaus G, Scherf U. One-step synthesis of a cyclic 2,17-dioxo[3,3](4,4') biphenylophane and first preparation of a microporous polymer network from a macrocyclic precursor by cyclotrimerization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:9046-9. [PMID: 25940678 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc01654a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
One-step synthesis of a cyclic 2,17-dioxo[3,3](4,4')biphenylophane (MC) was achieved in high yield; its structure was verified by single crystal X-ray analysis. As a first example, a microporous polymer network was formed from macrocycle MC via acid-catalysed cyclotrimerization yielding a BET surface area of ca. 570 m(2) g(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Kalyan Samanta
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group and Institute for Polymer Technology, Wuppertal University, Gauss-Strasse 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany.
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26
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Mueller A, Amsharov KY. Synthesis of Robust Precursors for the Controlled Fabrication of (6,6), (8,8), (10,10), and (12,12) Armchair Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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27
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Vinayakumara DR, Kumar M, Sreekanth P, Philip R, Kumar S. Synthesis, characterization and nonlinear optical studies of novel blue-light emitting room temperature truxene discotic liquid crystals. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra00873e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new series of discotic liquid crystals based on a truxene core has been synthesized to study the structure–property relationship in view of the self-assembling property and their linear and nonlinear optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manish Kumar
- Raman Research Institute
- Bangalore – 560 080
- India
| | - P. Sreekanth
- Raman Research Institute
- Bangalore – 560 080
- India
| | - Reji Philip
- Raman Research Institute
- Bangalore – 560 080
- India
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28
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Cho HY, Ansems RBM, Scott LT. Site-selective covalent functionalization at interior carbon atoms and on the rim of circumtrindene, a C36H12 open geodesic polyarene. Beilstein J Org Chem 2014; 10:956-68. [PMID: 24991245 PMCID: PMC4077463 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Circumtrindene (6, C36H12), one of the largest open geodesic polyarenes ever reported, exhibits fullerene-like reactivity at its interior carbon atoms, whereas its edge carbons react like those of planar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The Bingel–Hirsch and Prato reactions – two traditional methods for fullerene functionalization – afford derivatives of circumtrindene with one of the interior 6:6 C=C bonds modified. On the other hand, functionalization on the rim of circumtrindene can be achieved by normal electrophilic aromatic substitution, the most common reaction of planar PAHs. This peripheral functionalization has been used to extend the π-system of the polyarene by subsequent coupling reactions and to probe the magnetic environment of the concave/convex space around the hydrocarbon bowl. For both classes of functionalization, computational results are reported to complement the experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Yeon Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467-3860, USA
| | - Ronald B M Ansems
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467-3860, USA
| | - Lawrence T Scott
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467-3860, USA
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29
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Wan JP, Lin Y, Hu K, Liu Y. Metal-free synthesis of 1,3,5-trisubstituted benzenes by the cyclotrimerization of enaminones or alkynes in water. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra00475b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The trimeric cyclization reactions of enaminones proceed efficiently in water to provide C3 symmetric benzenes in the presence of lactic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Ping Wan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022, P.R. China
- Key laboratory of functional small organic molecules
- ministry of education
| | - Yunfang Lin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022, P.R. China
| | - Kaikai Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022, P.R. China
| | - Yunyun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022, P.R. China
- Key laboratory of functional small organic molecules
- ministry of education
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30
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Frantz DK, Walish JJ, Swager TM. Synthesis and properties of the 5,10,15-trimesityltruxen-5-yl radical. Org Lett 2013; 15:4782-5. [PMID: 23980895 DOI: 10.1021/ol402153w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of a long-lived, truxene-based radical that is highly delocalized and exhibits a narrow EPR absorption is reported. The radical is stable for multiple hours in a solution exposed to air and remains for months in the solid state under inert gas. Characterization and properties are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derik K Frantz
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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31
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Qiu R, Xu X, Peng L, Zhao Y, Li N, Yin S. Strong Lewis Acids of Air-Stable Metallocene Bis(perfluorooctanesulfonate)s as High-Efficiency Catalysts for Carbonyl-Group Transformation Reactions. Chemistry 2012; 18:6172-82. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201103874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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32
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Qiu R, Chen Y, Yin SF, Xu X, Au CT. A mini-review on air-stable organometallic Lewis acids: synthesis, characterization, and catalytic application in organic synthesis. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21517a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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33
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Thomas KR, Dhar RK, Fronczek FR, Watkins SF. (5RS,10SR,15RS)-Trimethyl-truxene. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2011; 67:o3494. [PMID: 22199966 PMCID: PMC3239118 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536811048616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The title mol-ecule, C(30)H(24), was prepared as a possible precursor to buckminsterfullerene cages. The two enanti-omers adopt the anti configuration, with one S/R and two R/S methyl groups, one anti to the other two. The truxene framework is slightly non-planar: with respect to the central six-ring mean plane, the three methyl C atoms are 1.377 (3), -1.475 (3) and 1.515 (3) Å distant, whereas the respective proximate peripheral six-ring mean planes make dihedral angles of 6.27 (6), 3.45 (7) and -7.37 (7)°.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandace R Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803-1804, USA
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34
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Zhang GP, Qiu RH, Xu XH, Zhou HH, Kuang YF, Chen SH. Zirconocene Bis(perfluorooctanesulfonate)s-Catalyzed Highly Efficient Synthesis of 1,3,5-Triaryl Benzene via Cyclotrimerization of Ketones. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2010.532277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guo Ping Zhang
- a College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University , Changsha , China
- b Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen , China
| | - Ren Hua Qiu
- a College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University , Changsha , China
| | - Xin Hua Xu
- a College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University , Changsha , China
- c National Key Laboratory of Elemeno-organic Chemistry, NanKai University , TianJin , China
| | - Hai Hui Zhou
- a College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University , Changsha , China
| | - Ya Fei Kuang
- a College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University , Changsha , China
| | - Si Hai Chen
- a College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University , Changsha , China
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35
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Menard MC, Fronczek FR, Watkins SF, Dhar RK. (5 SR,10 SR,15 SR)-Trimethyl 5 H,10 H,15 H-diindeno[1,2- a:1′,2′- c]fluorene-5,10,15-tricarboxylate 0.167-hydrate. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2011; 67:o1-2. [PMID: 21522612 PMCID: PMC3050226 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536810049056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, C33H24O6·0.17H2O, which is commonly known as (SR,SR,SR)-trimethyl 1,10,19-truxentricarboxylate, crystallizes as a hydrate with the water molecule encapsulated between three ester groups by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonding to two of them. The water molecule site is not fully occupied in the crystal studied, with a refined site occupancy of 0.167 (5). The 27-atom ring system is approximately planar, with a maximum deviation of 0.148 (1) Å, and the three ester substituents are all on the same side of this plane.
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36
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Kabdulov MA, Amsharov KY, Jansen M. A step toward direct fullerene synthesis: C60 fullerene precursors with fluorine in key positions. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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37
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Mueller A, Amsharov KY, Jansen M. Synthesis of end-cap precursor molecules for (6, 6) armchair and (9, 0) zig-zag single-walled carbon nanotubes. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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38
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Sprick RS, Thomas A, Scherf U. Acid catalyzed synthesis of carbonyl-functionalized microporous ladder polymers with high surface area. Polym Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b9py00375d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Amsharov KY, Kabdulov MA, Jansen M. Highly Efficient Fluorine-Promoted Intramolecular Condensation of Benzo[c]phenanthrene: A New Prospective on Direct Fullerene Synthesis. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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40
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Zhang L, Sun D, Gao XZ, Xie SY, Huang RB. 5-Bromo-2,3-dihydro-1H-cyclo-penta-[a]naphthalen-1-one. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2009; 65:o2174. [PMID: 21577580 PMCID: PMC2970092 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536809031547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 08/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, C13H9BrO, has been synthesized by the intramolecular Friedel–Crafts reaction of 1-(1-bromo-4-naphthyl)-3-chloropropan-1-one. There are two approximately planar [maximum deviations of 0.8 (2) and 0.4 (2) Å in the two molecules] molecules in the asymmetric unit. The dihedral angle between their mean planes is 19.72 (8)°. Weak intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonding is present in the crystal structure.
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41
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Dhayalan V, Clement JA, Jagan R, Mohanakrishnan AK. A Versatile Synthesis of Annulated Carbazole Analogs Involving a Domino Reaction of Bromomethylindoles with Arenes/Heteroarenes. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200801018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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42
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Hill TJ, Hughes RK, Scott LT. Steps toward the synthesis of a geodesic C60H12 end cap for a C3v carbon [6,6]nanotube. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.09.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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