1
|
Abstract
This review highlights the use of the bisphosphine ligand group in homogeneous catalysis.
Collapse
|
2
|
Corder AL, Subedi BP, Zhang S, Dark AM, Foss FW, Pierce BS. Peroxide-shunt substrate-specificity for the Salmonella typhimurium O2-dependent tRNA modifying monooxygenase (MiaE). Biochemistry 2013; 52:6182-96. [PMID: 23906247 DOI: 10.1021/bi4000832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Post-transcriptional modifications of tRNA are made to structurally diversify tRNA. These modifications alter noncovalent interactions within the ribosomal machinery, resulting in phenotypic changes related to cell metabolism, growth, and virulence. MiaE is a carboxylate bridged, nonheme diiron monooxygenase, which catalyzes the O2-dependent hydroxylation of a hypermodified-tRNA nucleoside at position 37 (2-methylthio-N(6)-isopentenyl-adenosine(37)-tRNA) [designated ms(2)i(6)A37]. In this work, recombinant MiaE was cloned from Salmonella typhimurium , purified to homogeneity, and characterized by UV-visible and dual-mode X-band EPR spectroscopy for comparison to other nonheme diiron enzymes. Additionally, three nucleoside substrate-surrogates (i(6)A, Cl(2)i(6)A, and ms(2)i(6)A) and their corresponding hydroxylated products (io(6)A, Cl(2)io(6)A, and ms(2)io(6)A) were synthesized to investigate the chemo- and stereospecificity of this enzyme. In the absence of the native electron transport chain, the peroxide-shunt was utilized to monitor the rate of substrate hydroxylation. Remarkably, regardless of the substrate (i(6)A, Cl(2)i(6)A, and ms(2)i(6)A) used in peroxide-shunt assays, hydroxylation of the terminal isopentenyl-C4-position was observed with >97% E-stereoselectivity. No other nonspecific hydroxylation products were observed in enzymatic assays. Steady-state kinetic experiments also demonstrate that the initial rate of MiaE hydroxylation is highly influenced by the substituent at the C2-position of the nucleoside base (v0/[E] for ms(2)i(6)A > i(6)A > Cl(2)i(6)A). Indeed, the >3-fold rate enhancement exhibited by MiaE for the hydroxylation of the free ms(2)i(6)A nucleoside relative to i(6)A is consistent with previous whole cell assays reporting the ms(2)io(6)A and io(6)A product distribution within native tRNA-substrates. This observation suggests that the nucleoside C2-substituent is a key point of interaction regulating MiaE substrate specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andra L Corder
- Biophysical/Bioinorganic Group and ‡Synthetic Organic Group, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Science, The University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Piersanti G, Bartoccini F, Lucarini S, Cabri W, Stasi MA, Riccioni T, Borsini F, Tarzia G, Minetti P. Synthesis and biological evaluation of metabolites of 2-n-butyl-9-methyl-8-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-9H-purin-6-ylamine (ST1535), a potent antagonist of the A2A adenosine receptor for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. J Med Chem 2013; 56:5456-63. [PMID: 23789814 DOI: 10.1021/jm400491x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and preliminary in vitro evaluation of five metabolites of the A2A antagonist ST1535 (1) are reported. The metabolites, originating in vivo from enzymatic oxidation of the 2-butyl group of the parent compound, were synthesized from 6-chloro-2-iodo-9-methyl-9H-purine (2) by selective C-C bond formation via halogen/magnesium exchange reaction and/or palladium-catalyzed reactions. The metabolites behaved in vitro as antagonist ligands of cloned human A2A receptor with affinities (Ki 7.5-53 nM) comparable to that of compound 1 (Ki 10.7 nM), thus showing that the long duration of action of 1 could be in part due to its metabolites. General behavior after oral administration in mice was also analyzed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Piersanti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino , Piazza Rinascimento 6, I-61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Synthesis and biological evaluation of guanidino analogues of roscovitine. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 62:443-52. [PMID: 23399722 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A series of 2,9-substituted 6-guanidinopurines, structurally related to the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors olomoucine and roscovitine, has been synthesized and characterized. A new copper-catalyzed method for the synthesis of 2-substituted 6-guanidino-9-isopropylpurines under mild reaction conditions has been developed. All prepared compounds were screened for their CDK1 and CDK2 inhibitory activities, cytotoxicity and antiproliferative effects in the breast cancer-derived cell line MCF7. The most active derivative 16g possessed an identical side chain in the C2 position to roscovitine; this compound displayed approximately five fold higher inhibitory activity towards CDK2/cyclin E and more than ten fold increase in cytotoxicity in MCF7 cells. Interestingly and in contrast to previously described findings, (S)-6-guanidinopurine derivatives were generally more active than their (R)-counterparts. Kinase selectivity profiling of (R)- and (S)-enantiomers 16e and 16g, respectively, revealed that introduction of a guanidino group at the C6 position of the purine moiety decreased selectivity towards protein kinases compared to roscovitine. Nevertheless, increased inhibitory activity and decreased selectivity offer a good starting point for further development of new protein kinase inhibitors.
Collapse
|
5
|
Surasani R, Kalita D, Rao AVD, Chandrasekhar KB. Palladium-catalyzed C-N and C-O bond formation of N-substituted 4-bromo-7-azaindoles with amides, amines, amino acid esters and phenols. Beilstein J Org Chem 2012; 8:2004-18. [PMID: 23209536 PMCID: PMC3511036 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.8.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple and efficient procedures for palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of N-substituted 4-bromo-7-azaindole (1H-pyrrole[2,3-b]pyridine), with amides, amines, amino acid esters and phenols through C–N and C–O bond formation have been developed. The C–N cross-coupling reaction of amides, amines and amino acid esters takes place rapidly by using the combination of Xantphos, Cs2CO3, dioxane and palladium catalyst precursors Pd(OAc)2/Pd2(dba)3. The combination of Pd(OAc)2, Xantphos, K2CO3 and dioxane was found to be crucial for the C–O cross-coupling reaction. This is the first report on coupling of amides, amino acid esters and phenols with N-protected 4-bromo-7-azaindole derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Surasani
- Custom Pharmaceutical Services, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd., Miyapur, Hyderabad 50049, India ; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science and Technology, JNTU University of Anantapur, Anantapur 515002, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chevot F, Vabre R, Piguel S, Legraverend M. Palladium-Catalyzed Amidation and Amination of 8-Iodopurine. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
7
|
|
8
|
Obermayer D, Glasnov TN, Kappe CO. Microwave-Assisted and Continuous Flow Multistep Synthesis of 4-(Pyrazol-1-yl)carboxanilides. J Org Chem 2011; 76:6657-69. [DOI: 10.1021/jo2009824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Obermayer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Microwave Chemistry (CDLMC) and Institute of Chemistry, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Toma N. Glasnov
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Microwave Chemistry (CDLMC) and Institute of Chemistry, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - C. Oliver Kappe
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Microwave Chemistry (CDLMC) and Institute of Chemistry, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
Zimdars S, Jourdin XMD, Crestey F, Carell T, Knochel P. Trifunctionalization of the Purine Scaffold Using Mg and Zn Organometallic Intermediates. Org Lett 2011; 13:792-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol103057k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Zimdars
- Department Chemie & Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Xavier Mollat du Jourdin
- Department Chemie & Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - François Crestey
- Department Chemie & Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Thomas Carell
- Department Chemie & Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department Chemie & Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Caner J, Vilarrasa J. (15)N Double-labeled guanosine from inosine through ring-opening-ring-closing and one-pot Pd-catalyzed C-O and C-N cross-coupling reactions. J Org Chem 2010; 75:4880-3. [PMID: 20550202 DOI: 10.1021/jo100808w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
[N,1-(15)N(2)]-Guanosine, or [1,NH(2)-(15)N(2)]-guanosine, and derivatives were prepared from tri-O-acetylinosine, via N-nitration and reaction with (15)NH(2)OH, followed by conversion of the (15)N-labeled 1-hydroxyinosine to the corresponding 2,6-dichloropurine riboside. The sequential one-pot C-O and C-N key couplings of this dichloro derivative with PhCH(2)OH and PhCO(15)NH(2) or (i)PrCO(15)NH(2) was achieved in good overall yields, with Pd(0)-Xantphos as the best choice of five different catalytic systems examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Caner
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bartoccini F, Cabri W, Celona D, Minetti P, Piersanti G, Tarzia G. Direct B-Alkyl Suzuki−Miyaura Cross-Coupling of 2-Halopurines. Practical Synthesis of ST1535, a Potent Adenosine A2A Receptor Antagonist. J Org Chem 2010; 75:5398-401. [DOI: 10.1021/jo101027h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bartoccini
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, P.zza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Walter Cabri
- Chemistry & Analytical Development Department, Sigma-Tau, Via Pontina Km 30,400, 00040 Pomezia, Roma, Italy
| | - Diana Celona
- Chemistry & Analytical Development Department, Sigma-Tau, Via Pontina Km 30,400, 00040 Pomezia, Roma, Italy
| | - Patrizia Minetti
- Chemistry & Analytical Development Department, Sigma-Tau, Via Pontina Km 30,400, 00040 Pomezia, Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Piersanti
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, P.zza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Giorgio Tarzia
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, P.zza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hicks JD, Hyde AM, Cuezva AM, Buchwald SL. Pd-catalyzed N-arylation of secondary acyclic amides: catalyst development, scope, and computational study. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:16720-34. [PMID: 19886610 PMCID: PMC2805443 DOI: 10.1021/ja9044357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We report the efficient N-arylation of acyclic secondary amides and related nucleophiles with aryl nonaflates, triflates, and chlorides. This method allows for easy variation of the aromatic component in tertiary aryl amides. A new biaryl phosphine with P-bound 3,5-(bis)trifluoromethylphenyl groups was found to be uniquely effective for this amidation. The critical aspects of the ligand were explored through synthetic, mechanistic, and computational studies. Systematic variation of the ligand revealed the importance of (1) a methoxy group on the aromatic carbon of the "top ring" ortho to the phosphorus and (2) two highly electron-withdrawing P-bound 3,5-(bis)trifluoromethylphenyl groups. Computational studies suggest the electron-deficient nature of the ligand is important in facilitating amide binding to the LPd(II)(Ph)(X) intermediate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline D. Hicks
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77
Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | | | | | - Stephen L. Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77
Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ibrahim N, Legraverend M. High-Yielding Two-Step Synthesis of 6,8-Disubstituted N-9-Unprotected Purines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 11:658-66. [DOI: 10.1021/cc900066v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nada Ibrahim
- UMR 176, Institut Curie, Bât. 110-112, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Michel Legraverend
- UMR 176, Institut Curie, Bât. 110-112, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ibrahim N, Legraverend M. Synthesis of 6,7,8-Trisubstituted Purines via a Copper-Catalyzed Amidation Reaction. J Org Chem 2008; 74:463-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jo802248g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nada Ibrahim
- UMR 176, Institut Curie, Bât. 110-112, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Michel Legraverend
- UMR 176, Institut Curie, Bât. 110-112, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
|