1
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Tran VH, Kim HK. Visible-light-driven SAQS-catalyzed aerobic oxidative dehydrogenation of alkyl 2-phenylhydrazinecarboxylates. RSC Adv 2022; 12:30304-30309. [PMID: 36337952 PMCID: PMC9590590 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05842a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Azo compounds are useful molecules with a wide range of applications in organic chemistry. Here, a novel visible-light-driven oxidative dehydrogenation of alkyl 2-phenylhydrazinecarboxylates is used for the synthesis of azo compounds. This synthetic method was conducted under an aerobic environment with mild reaction conditions. Sodium anthraquinone sulfonate (SAQS) was employed as the crucial organic photocatalyst in a visible-light-driven reaction to generate various azo compounds in high yields. In addition, aerobic transformation of hydrazobenzenes to azobenzenes using visible light was successfully carried out under SAQS-mediated reaction conditions. This procedure is a practical and promising synthetic approach to produce useful azo compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Hieu Tran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging & Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital Jeonju 54907 Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital Jeonju 54907 Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Kwon Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging & Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital Jeonju 54907 Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital Jeonju 54907 Republic of Korea
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2
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Wang J, Ma Z, Du W, Shao L. Hydrogen peroxide based oxidation of hydrazines using HBr catalyst. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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3
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Fang Y, Li W, Lin J, Li X. Different Bonds Cleavage of Arenesulfonates: Access to Diverse Aryl Ethers. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/a21050211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Raviola
- PhotoGreen Lab University of Pavia Viale Taramelli 10 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Stefano Protti
- PhotoGreen Lab University of Pavia Viale Taramelli 10 27100 Pavia Italy
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5
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Jo G, Kim MH, Kim J. A practical route to azo compounds by metal-free aerobic oxidation of arylhydrazides using an NO x system. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00043d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Metal-free aerobic oxidation of aryl hydrazides catalyzed by NOx was developed for the practical and environment friendly synthesis of azo compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giwon Jo
- Department of Chemistry
- and Research Institute of Basic Sciences
- Incheon National University
- Incheon 22012
- Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hye Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- and Research Institute of Basic Sciences
- Incheon National University
- Incheon 22012
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- and Research Institute of Basic Sciences
- Incheon National University
- Incheon 22012
- Republic of Korea
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6
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Halbig CE, Lasch R, Krüll J, Pirzer AS, Wang Z, Kirchhof JN, Bolotin KI, Heinrich MR, Eigler S. Selective Functionalization of Graphene at Defect-Activated Sites by Arylazocarboxylic tert-Butyl Esters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3599-3603. [PMID: 30570208 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The development of versatile functionalization concepts for graphene is currently in the focus of research. Upon oxo-functionalization of graphite, the full surface of graphene becomes accessible for C-C bond formation to introduce out-of-plane functionality. Herein, we present the arylation of graphene with arylazocarboxylic tert-butyl esters, which generates aryl radicals after activation with an acid. Surprisingly, the degree of functionalization is related to the concentration of lattice vacancy defects in the graphene material. Consequently, graphene materials that are free from lattice defects are not reactive. The reaction can be applied to graphene dispersed in solvents and leads to bitopic functionalization as well as monotopic functionalization when the graphene is deposited on surfaces. As the arylazocarboxylic tert-butyl ester moiety can be attached to various molecules, the presented method paves the way to functional graphene derivatives, with the density of defects determining the degree of functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian E Halbig
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roman Lasch
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jasmin Krüll
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna S Pirzer
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zhenping Wang
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan N Kirchhof
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kirill I Bolotin
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus R Heinrich
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Siegfried Eigler
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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7
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Halbig CE, Lasch R, Krüll J, Pirzer AS, Wang Z, Kirchhof JN, Bolotin KI, Heinrich MR, Eigler S. Selektive Funktionalisierung von Graphen an defektaktivierten Bereichen durch Arylazocarbonsäure-tert
-butylester. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201811192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian E. Halbig
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Roman Lasch
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie; Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Jasmin Krüll
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie; Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Anna S. Pirzer
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie; Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Zhenping Wang
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Jan N. Kirchhof
- Institut für Experimentalphysik; Freie Universität Berlin; Arnimallee 14 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Kirill I. Bolotin
- Institut für Experimentalphysik; Freie Universität Berlin; Arnimallee 14 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Markus R. Heinrich
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie; Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Siegfried Eigler
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Deutschland
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8
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Felpin FX, Sengupta S. Biaryl synthesis with arenediazonium salts: cross-coupling, CH-arylation and annulation reactions. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:1150-1193. [PMID: 30608075 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00453f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The rich legacy of arenediazonium salts in the synthesis of unsymmetrical biaryls, built around the seminal works of Pschorr, Gomberg and Bachmann more than a century ago, continues to make important contributions at various evolutionary stages of modern biaryl synthesis. Based on in-depth mechanistic analysis and design of novel pathways and reaction conditions, the scope of biaryl synthesis with arenediazonium salts has enormously expanded in recent years through applications of transition metal/photoredox-catalysed cross-coupling, thermal/photosensitized radical chain CH-arylation of (hetero)arenes and arylative radical annulation reactions with alkynes. These recent developments have provided facile synthetic access to a wide variety of unsymmetrical biaryls of pharmaceutical, agrochemical and optoelectronic importance with green scale-up options and created opportunities for late-stage modification of peptides, nucleosides, carbon nanotubes and electrodes, the details of which are captured in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- François-Xavier Felpin
- Université de Nantes, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, CNRS UMR 6230, CEISAM, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France. and Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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9
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Dong CP, Nakamura K, Taniguchi T, Mita S, Kodama S, Kawaguchi SI, Nomoto A, Ogawa A, Mizuno T. Synthesis of Aryl Iodides from Arylhydrazines and Iodine. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:9814-9821. [PMID: 31459110 PMCID: PMC6645010 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A metal- and base-free method is developed for the synthesis of aryl iodides from arylhydrazine hydrochlorides and iodine. A wide variety of aryl iodides can be conveniently synthesized by an equimolar reaction of arylhydrazine hydrochlorides and I2 in dimethyl sulfoxide at 60 °C for 6 h. In the iodination step, arylhydrazines are oxidized by iodine to form arenediazonium salts, which undergo single-electron transfer from iodide anion to give aryl and iodine radicals; subsequent combination of them affords the corresponding aryl iodides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-ping Dong
- Department of Applied
Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nakamura
- Department of Applied
Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | | | - Soichiro Mita
- Department of Applied
Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kodama
- Department of Applied
Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Kawaguchi
- Center for Education
and Research in Agricultural Innovation, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 152-1 Shonan-cho, Karatsu, Saga 847-0021, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nomoto
- Department of Applied
Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Akiya Ogawa
- Department of Applied
Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Takumi Mizuno
- Morinomiya Center, Osaka Research Institute
of Industrial Science and Technology, 1-6-50 Morinomiya, Joto-ku, Osaka 536-8553, Japan
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10
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Hirose D, Gazvoda M, Košmrlj J, Taniguchi T. Systematic Evaluation of 2-Arylazocarboxylates and 2-Arylazocarboxamides as Mitsunobu Reagents. J Org Chem 2018; 83:4712-4729. [PMID: 29570289 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
2-Arylazocarboxylate and 2-arylazocarboxamide derivatives can serve as replacements of typical Mitsunobu reagents such as diethyl azodicarboxylate. A systematic investigation of the reactivity and physical properties of those azo compounds has revealed that they have an excellent ability as Mitsunobu reagents. These reagents show similar or superior reactivity as compared to the known azo reagents and are applicable to the broad scope of substrates. p Ka and steric effects of substrates have been investigated, and the limitation of the Mitsunobu reaction can be overcome by choosing suitable reagents from the library of 2-arylazocarboxylate and 2-aryl azocarboxamide derivatives. Convenient recovery of azo reagents is available by one-pot iron-catalyzed aerobic oxidation, for example. SC-DSC analysis of representative 2-arylazocarboxylate and 2-arylazocarboxamide derivatives has shown high thermal stability, indicating that these azo reagents possess lower chemical hazard compared with typical azo reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Gazvoda
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology , University of Ljubljana , Večna pot 113 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Janez Košmrlj
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology , University of Ljubljana , Večna pot 113 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
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11
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Kim MH, Kim J. Aerobic Oxidation of Alkyl 2-Phenylhydrazinecarboxylates Catalyzed by CuCl and DMAP. J Org Chem 2018; 83:1673-1679. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b03119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Hye Kim
- Department of Chemistry, and Research
Institute of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, and Research
Institute of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
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12
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Nebel N, Strauch B, Maschauer S, Lasch R, Rampp H, Fehler SK, Bock LR, Hübner H, Gmeiner P, Heinrich MR, Prante O. [ 18F]Fluorophenylazocarboxylates: Design and Synthesis of Potential Radioligands for Dopamine D3 and μ-Opioid Receptor. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:8649-8659. [PMID: 29479577 PMCID: PMC5819854 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
18F-Labeled building blocks from the type of [18F]fluorophenylazocarboxylic-tert-butyl esters offer a rapid, mild, and reliable method for the 18F-fluoroarylation of biomolecules. Two series of azocarboxamides were synthesized as potential radioligands for dopamine D3 and the μ-opioid receptor, revealing compounds 3d and 3e with single-digit and sub-nanomolar affinity for the D3 receptor and compound 4c with only micromolar affinity for the μ-opioid receptor, but enhanced selectivity for the μ-subtype in comparison to the lead compound AH-7921. A "minimalist procedure" without the use of a cryptand and base for the preparation of 4-[18F]fluorophenylazocarboxylic-tert-butyl ester [18F]2a was established, together with the radiosynthesis of methyl-, methoxy-, and phenyl-substituted derivatives ([18F]2b-f). With the substituted [18F]fluorophenylazocarbylates in hand, two prototype azocarboxylates radioligands were synthesized by 18F-fluoroarylation, namely the methoxy azocarboxamide [18F]3d as the D3 receptor radioligand and [18F]4a as a prototype structure of the μ-opioid receptor radioligand. By introducing the new series of [18F]fluorophenylazocarboxylic-tert-butyl esters, the method of 18F-fluoroarylation was significantly expanded, thereby demonstrating the versatility of 18F-labeled phenylazocarboxylates for the design of potential radiotracers for positron emission tomography .
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Nebel
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
(FAU), Schwabachanlage
6, Erlangen D-91054, Germany
| | - Brigitte Strauch
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
(FAU), Schwabachanlage
6, Erlangen D-91054, Germany
| | - Simone Maschauer
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
(FAU), Schwabachanlage
6, Erlangen D-91054, Germany
| | - Roman Lasch
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
(FAU), Schuhstrasse 19, Erlangen D-91052, Germany
| | - Hannelore Rampp
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
(FAU), Schuhstrasse 19, Erlangen D-91052, Germany
| | - Stefanie K. Fehler
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
(FAU), Schuhstrasse 19, Erlangen D-91052, Germany
| | - Leonard R. Bock
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
(FAU), Schuhstrasse 19, Erlangen D-91052, Germany
| | - Harald Hübner
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
(FAU), Schuhstrasse 19, Erlangen D-91052, Germany
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
(FAU), Schuhstrasse 19, Erlangen D-91052, Germany
| | - Markus R. Heinrich
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
(FAU), Schuhstrasse 19, Erlangen D-91052, Germany
| | - Olaf Prante
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
(FAU), Schwabachanlage
6, Erlangen D-91054, Germany
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13
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Krüll J, Hubert A, Nebel N, Prante O, Heinrich MR. Microwave‐Assisted Rapid One‐Pot Synthesis of Fused and Non‐Fused Indoles and 5‐[
18
F]Fluoroindoles from Phenylazocarboxylates. Chemistry 2017; 23:16174-16178. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Krüll
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Schuhstraße 19 91052 Erlangen Germany
| | - Anja Hubert
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Schuhstraße 19 91052 Erlangen Germany
| | - Natascha Nebel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Schwabachanlage 6 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Olaf Prante
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Schwabachanlage 6 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Markus R. Heinrich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Schuhstraße 19 91052 Erlangen Germany
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14
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Esguerra KVN, Lumb JP. Synthesis of ortho
-Azophenols by Formal Dehydrogenative Coupling of Phenols and Hydrazines or Hydrazides. Chemistry 2017; 23:8596-8600. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-Philip Lumb
- Department of Chemistry; McGill University; 801 Sherbrooke St. W. Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
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15
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Hofmann J, Heinrich MR. Recent developments in intermolecular radical arylations of arenes and heteroarenes. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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16
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Kindt S, Wicht K, Heinrich MR. Thermally Induced Carbohydroxylation of Styrenes with Aryldiazonium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:8744-7. [PMID: 27273583 PMCID: PMC5089591 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The radical carbohydroxylation of styrenes with aryldiazonium salts has been achieved under mild thermal conditions. A broad range of aryldiazonium salts was tolerated, and the reaction principle based on a radical-polar crossover mechanism could be extended to carboetherification as well as to a two-step, metal-free variant of the Meerwein arylation leading to stilbenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Kindt
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstrasse 19, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karina Wicht
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstrasse 19, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus R Heinrich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstrasse 19, 91052, Erlangen, Germany.
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17
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Kindt S, Wicht K, Heinrich MR. Thermisch induzierte Carbohydroxylierung von Styrolen mit Aryldiazoniumsalzen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201601656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Kindt
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Pharmazeutische Chemie; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Schuhstraße 19 91052 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Karina Wicht
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Pharmazeutische Chemie; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Schuhstraße 19 91052 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Markus R. Heinrich
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Pharmazeutische Chemie; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Schuhstraße 19 91052 Erlangen Deutschland
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18
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Lasch R, Fehler SK, Heinrich MR. Hydrogen Peroxide Promoted Mizoroki–Heck Reactions of Phenyldiazenes with Acrylates, Acrylamides, and Styrenes. Org Lett 2016; 18:1586-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Lasch
- Department of Chemistry and
Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefanie K. Fehler
- Department of Chemistry and
Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus R. Heinrich
- Department of Chemistry and
Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
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19
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Nebel N, Maschauer S, Hocke C, Hübner H, Gmeiner P, Prante O. Optimization and synthesis of an (18) F-labeled dopamine D3 receptor ligand using [(18) F]fluorophenylazocarboxylic tert-butylester. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2015; 59:48-53. [PMID: 26707848 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
There is still no efficient fluorine-18-labeled dopamine D3 subtype selective receptor ligand for studies with positron emission tomography. We aim at improving the D3 selectivity and hydrophilicity of a candidate ligand by changing the substitution pattern to a 2,3-dichlorophenylpiperazine and hydroxylation of the butyl chain. The compound [(18) F]3 exhibited D3 affinity of Ki = 3.6 nM, increased subtype selectivity (Ki (D2 /D3 ) = 60), and low affinity to 5-HT1A and α1 receptors (Ki (5-HT1A /D3 ) = 34; Ki (α1 /D3 ) = 100). The two-step radiosynthesis was optimized for analog [(18) F]4 by reducing the necessary concentration of the precursor amine (57 mM), which reacted with [(18) F]fluorophenylazocarboxylic tert-butylester under basic conditions. The optimization of the base (Cs 2 CO3 , 23 mM) and the adjustment of reaction temperature led to the radiochemical yield of 63% after 5 min at 35°C. The optimized reaction conditions were transferred on to the synthesis of [(18) F]3 with an overall non-decay corrected yield of 8-12% in a specific activity of 32-102 GBq/µmol after a total synthesis time of 30-35 min. This provides a D 3 radioligand candidate with improved attributes concerning selectivity and radiosynthesis for further preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Nebel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simone Maschauer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carsten Hocke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Hübner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schuhstrasse 19, D-91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schuhstrasse 19, D-91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olaf Prante
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
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20
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Hashimoto T, Hirose D, Taniguchi T. Catalytic Aerobic Oxidation of Arylhydrazides with Iron Phthalocyanine. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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21
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Synthesis and evaluation of fluoro substituted pyridinylcarboxamides and their phenylazo analogues for potential dopamine D3 receptor PET imaging. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 24:5399-403. [PMID: 25453796 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of fluoro substituted pyridinylcarboxamides and their phenylazo analogues with high affinity and selectivity for the dopamine D3 receptor was synthesized by the use of 6-fluoropyridine-3-carbonyl chloride (1) and fluorophenylazocarboxylic ester (2). Several of these compounds (9a-e and 10a-h) have been evaluated in vitro, among which 9b, 10a, 10c and 10d proved to have at least single-digit nanomolar affinity for D3. They also exhibit considerable selectivity over the other dopamine receptor subtypes and noteworthy selectivity over the structurally related serotonin receptor subtypes 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT₂, offering potential radiotracers for positron emission tomography.
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22
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Lasch R, Heinrich MR. Zinc-Mediated Allylation and Benzylation of Phenylazocarboxylic Esters. J Org Chem 2015; 80:10412-20. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Lasch
- Department of Chemistry and
Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus R. Heinrich
- Department of Chemistry and
Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
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23
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Hofmann D, de Salas C, Heinrich MR. Oxidative Nitration of Styrenes for the Recycling of Low-Concentrated Nitrogen Dioxide in Air. CHEMSUSCHEM 2015; 8:3167-3175. [PMID: 26284827 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201500188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The oxidative nitration of styrenes in ethyl acetate represents a metal-free, environmentally friendly, and sustainable technique to recover even low concentrations of NO2 in air. Favorable features are that the product mixture comprising nitroalcohols, nitroketones, and nitro nitrates simplifies at lower concentrations of NO2 . Experiments in a miniplant-type 10 L wet scrubber demonstrated that the recycling technique is well applicable on larger scales at which initial NO2 concentrations of >10 000 ppm were reliably reduced to less than 40 ppm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Hofmann
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie, Pharmazeutische Chemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen (Germany), Fax: (+49) 9131-85-22585 http://www.medchem.uni-erlangen.de/heinrichlab/
| | - Cristina de Salas
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie, Pharmazeutische Chemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen (Germany), Fax: (+49) 9131-85-22585 http://www.medchem.uni-erlangen.de/heinrichlab/
| | - Markus R Heinrich
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie, Pharmazeutische Chemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen (Germany), Fax: (+49) 9131-85-22585 http://www.medchem.uni-erlangen.de/heinrichlab/.
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24
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Bartuschat AL, Schellhorn T, Hübner H, Gmeiner P, Heinrich MR. Fluoro-substituted phenylazocarboxamides: Dopaminergic behavior and N-arylating properties for irreversible binding. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:3938-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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25
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Lasch R, Heinrich MR. Cycloaddition reactions of glycine imine anions to phenylazocarboxylic esters – a new access to 1,3,5-trisubstituted 1,2,4-triazoles. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Kong X, Zhang H, Xiao Y, Cao C, Shi Y, Pang G. Effective, transition metal free and selective C–F activation under mild conditions. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13753a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple and effective aromatic nucleophilic monosubstitution reaction for the synthesis of aromatic amines via selective C–F bond cleavage of various fluoroarenes with primary and secondary aromatic amines is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianqiang Kong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Huizi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yunqing Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Changsheng Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yanhui Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Guangsheng Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
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27
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De Vleeschouwer F, Chankisjijev A, Geerlings P, De Proft F. Designing Stable Radicals with Highly Electrophilic or Nucleophilic Character: Thiadiazinyl as a Case Study. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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28
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Cinar SA, De Proft F, Avci D, Aviyente V, De Vleeschouwer F. Relationship Between the Free Radical Polymerization Rates of Methacrylates and the Chemical Properties of their Monomeric Radicals. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201400484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Frank De Proft
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC); Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); Pleinlaan 2 B-1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Duygu Avci
- Department of Chemistry; Bogazici University; 34342 Bebek Istanbul Turkey
| | - Viktorya Aviyente
- Department of Chemistry; Bogazici University; 34342 Bebek Istanbul Turkey
| | - Freija De Vleeschouwer
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC); Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); Pleinlaan 2 B-1050 Brussels Belgium
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29
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Base initiated aromatization/CO bond formation: a new entry to O-pyrazole polyfluoroarylated ethers. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.09.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Hopkinson MN, Sahoo B, Glorius F. Dual Photoredox and Gold Catalysis: Intermolecular Multicomponent Oxyarylation of Alkenes. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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31
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One-pot two-step sequential transformation: Highly efficient construction of o-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzonitrile substituted oximes ethers. J Fluor Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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32
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Fehler SK, Pratsch G, Heinrich MR. Phenyldiazene - abgefangen in Cycloadditionsreaktionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201406175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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33
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Fehler SK, Pratsch G, Heinrich MR. The trapping of phenyldiazenes in cycloaddition reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:11361-5. [PMID: 25154799 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of phenyldiazenes was studied intensively in the late 1960s, but not much is known about their behavior under acidic conditions. Based on the formation of phenyldiazenes from phenylazocarboxylates, we herein describe how reactions of phenyldiazenes can be directed into ionic or radical pathways. Cycloaddition reactions with furans leading to pyridazinium salts represent the first examples for the direct trapping of phenyldiazenes with conservation of the N=N moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie K Fehler
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstrasse 19, 91052 Erlangen (Germany) http://www.medchem.uni-erlangen.de/heinrichlab/
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34
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Kindt S, Jasch H, Heinrich MR. Manganese(IV)-mediated hydroperoxyarylation of alkenes with aryl hydrazines and dioxygen from air. Chemistry 2014; 20:6251-5. [PMID: 24737215 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201400064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We report a new carbooxygenation-type version of the Meerwein arylation in which the introduction of oxygen is achieved by using dioxygen from the air. In this way, hydroperoxides were obtained from activated as well as non-activated alkenes by oxidizing aryl hydrazines with manganese dioxide. The best results were obtained with α-substituted acrylates. Importantly, the aryl hydrazine has to be added slowly to the reaction mixture to allow sufficient uptake of dioxygen from the air. Competition and labeling experiments revealed hydroperoxyl radicals as novel oxygen-centered radical scavengers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Kindt
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie, Pharmazeutische Chemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstrasse 19, 91052 Erlangen (Germany)
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35
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Zhao L, Yan T, Bruneau C, Doucet H. Reactivity of C–H bonds of polychlorobenzenes for palladium-catalysed direct arylations with aryl bromides. Catal Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cy00757j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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36
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Fehler SK, Maschauer S, Höfling SB, Bartuschat AL, Tschammer N, Hübner H, Gmeiner P, Prante O, Heinrich MR. Fast and efficient (18) F-labeling by [(18) f]fluorophenylazocarboxylic esters. Chemistry 2013; 20:370-5. [PMID: 24339325 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Introduction of [(18) F]fluoride ion into the aromatic core of phenylazocarboxylic esters was achieved in only 30 seconds, with radiochemical yields of up to 95 % (85(±10) %). For labeling purposes, the resulting (18) F-substituted azoester can be further converted in radical-arylation reactions to give biaryls, or in substitutions at its carbonyl unit to produce azocarboxamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie K Fehler
- Abteilung für Chemie und Pharmazie, Pharmazeutische Chemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstrasse 19, 91052 Erlangen (Germany)
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37
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Selective C4−F bond cleavage/C−O bond formation of polyfluoroarenes with phenols and benzyl alcohols. J Fluor Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2013.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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38
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Kütt A, Werner F, Kaljurand I, Leito I, Koppel IA. Pentakis(trifluoromethyl)benzenediazonium Cation: A Useful Building Block for the Syntheis of Trifluoromethyl-Substituted Derivatives. Chempluschem 2013; 78:932-936. [PMID: 31986712 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201300160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The sterically crowded, highly electron-deficient diazonium salt C6 (CF3 )5 N2 + BF4 - has been synthesized and sample dediazotization reactions were carried out. New compounds, C6 (CF3 )5 I, C6 (CF3 )5 NO2 , and C6 (CF3 )5 NO were isolated and identified. Also, a more convenient route to C6 (CF3 )5 NH2 that gave good yield was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Kütt
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14 A Ravila Street, Tartu, 50411 (Estonia)
| | - Franz Werner
- Department of Chemistry, Tallinn University of Technology, 15 Akadeemia tee, 12618, Tallinn (Estonia)
| | - Ivari Kaljurand
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14 A Ravila Street, Tartu, 50411 (Estonia)
| | - Ivo Leito
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14 A Ravila Street, Tartu, 50411 (Estonia)
| | - Ilmar A Koppel
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14 A Ravila Street, Tartu, 50411 (Estonia)
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39
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Liu C, Wang H, Xing X, Xu Y, Ma JA, Zhang B. Selective C4–F bond cleavage of pentafluorobenzene: synthesis of N-tetrafluoroarylated heterocyclic compounds. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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40
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Jasch H, Scheumann J, Heinrich MR. Regioselective Radical Arylation of Anilines with Arylhydrazines. J Org Chem 2012; 77:10699-706. [DOI: 10.1021/jo301980j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannelore Jasch
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical
Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Scheumann
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical
Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus R. Heinrich
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical
Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
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41
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Jalalian N, Petersen TB, Olofsson B. Metal-free arylation of oxygen nucleophiles with diaryliodonium salts. Chemistry 2012; 18:14140-9. [PMID: 23015511 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Phenols and carboxylic acids are efficiently arylated with diaryliodonium salts. The reaction conditions are mild, metal free, and avoid the use of halogenated solvents, additives, and excess reagents. The products are obtained in good-to-excellent yields after short reaction times. Steric hindrance is very well tolerated, both in the nucleophile and diaryliodonium salt. The scope includes ortho- and halo-substituted products, which are difficult to obtain by metal-catalyzed protocols. Many functional groups are tolerated, including carbonyl groups, heteroatoms, and alkenes. Unsymmetric salts can be chemoselectively utilized to obtain products with hitherto unreported levels of steric congestion. The arylation has been extended to sulfonic acids, which can be converted to sulfonate esters by two different approaches. With recent advances in efficient synthetic procedures for diaryliodonium salts the reagents are now inexpensive and readily available. The iodoarene byproduct formed from the iodonium reagent can be recovered quantitatively and used to regenerate the diaryliodonium salt, which improves the atom economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazli Jalalian
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Sweden
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42
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Pratsch G, Wallaschkowski T, Heinrich MR. The Gomberg-Bachmann Reaction for the Arylation of Anilines with Aryl Diazotates. Chemistry 2012; 18:11555-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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