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D'Andrea F, Vagelli G, Granchi C, Guazzelli L, Tuccinardi T, Poli G, Iacopini D, Minutolo F, Di Bussolo V. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Glycoconjugated LDH Inhibitors as Anticancer Agents. Molecules 2019; 24:E3520. [PMID: 31569409 PMCID: PMC6804087 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugation of known biologically active molecules to carbohydrate frameworks represents a valuable option for the preparation of hybrid, structurally-related families of compounds with the aim of modulating their biological response. Therefore, we present here a study on the preparation of d-galacto, d-manno, d-gluco, and d-lactose glycoconjugates of an established N-hydroxyindole-based (NHI) inhibitor of lactated dehydrogenase (LDH). Structural variations involved the sugar stereochemistry and size as well as the anchoring point of the NHI on the carbohydrate frame (either C-1 or C-6). In the case of the galactose anomeric glycoconjugate (C-1), intriguing solvent-dependent effects were observed in the glycosylation stereochemical outcome. The biological activity of the deprotected glycoconjugates in contrasting lactate formation and cancer cell proliferation are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia D'Andrea
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Giulia Vagelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 3, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Carlotta Granchi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Guazzelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Giulio Poli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Dalila Iacopini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 3, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Filippo Minutolo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Valeria Di Bussolo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 3, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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2
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Synthesis and investigation of polyhydroxylated pyrrolidine derivatives as novel chemotypes showing dual activity as glucosidase and aldose reductase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2019; 92:103298. [PMID: 31557624 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a multi-factorial disorder that should be treated with multi-effective compounds. Here we describe the access to polyhydroxylated pyrrolidines, belonging to the d-gluco and d-galacto series, through aminocyclization reactions of two differentially protected d-xylo-hexos-4-ulose derivatives. The prepared compounds proved to inhibit both alpha-glucosidase, responsible for the emergence of hyperglycemic spikes, and aldose reductase, accountable for the development of abnormalities in diabetic tissues. Accordingly, they show the dual inhibitory profile deemed as ideal for diabetes treatment. Significantly, compound 17b reduced the process of cell death and restored the physiological levels of oxidative stress when tested in the photoreceptor-like 661w cell line, thus proving to be effective in an in vitro model of diabetic retinopathy.
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3
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Gragnani T, Cuffaro D, Fallarini S, Lombardi G, D'Andrea F, Guazzelli L. Selectively Charged and Zwitterionic Analogues of the Smallest Immunogenic Structure of Streptococcus Pneumoniae Type 14. Molecules 2019; 24:E3414. [PMID: 31546911 PMCID: PMC6767069 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Zwitterionic polysaccharides (ZPs) have been shown in recent years to display peculiar immunological properties, thus attracting the interest of the carbohydrate research community. To fully elucidate the mechanisms underlying these properties and exploit the potential of this kind of structures, in depth studies are still required. In this context, the preparation of two cationic, an anionic, as well as two zwitterionic tetrasaccharide analogues of the smallest immunogenic structure of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 14 (SP14) capsular polysaccharide are presented. By exploiting a block strategy, the negative charge has been installed on the non-reducing end of the lactose unit of the tetrasaccharide and the positive charge either on the non-reducing end of the lactosamine moiety or on an external linker. These structures have then been tested by competitive ELISA, showing that the structural variations we made do not modify the affinity of the neutral compound to binding to a specific antibody. However, lower efficacies than the natural SP14 compound were observed. The results obtained, although promising, point to the need to further elongate the polysaccharide structure, which is likely too short to cover the entire epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Gragnani
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6/33, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Doretta Cuffaro
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6/33, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Silvia Fallarini
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, University of Piemonte Orientale Amedeo Avogadro, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Grazia Lombardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, University of Piemonte Orientale Amedeo Avogadro, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Felicia D'Andrea
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6/33, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Guazzelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6/33, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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Cuffaro D, Landi M, D'Andrea F, Guazzelli L. Preparation of 1,6-di-deoxy-d-galacto and 1,6-di-deoxy-l-altro nojirimycin derivatives by aminocyclization of a 1,5-dicarbonyl derivative. Carbohydr Res 2019; 482:107744. [PMID: 31306898 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.107744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Iminosugars are known glycosidase inhibitors which are the subject of drug development efforts against several diseases. The access to structurally-related families of iminosugars is of primary importance for running structure-activity relationship studies. In this work, the double reductive amination (aminocyclization) reaction of a dicarbonyl derivative of the l-arabino series, in turn obtained from lactose, is reported. Different ratios of 1,6-di-deoxy-d-galacto and 1,6-di-deoxy-l-altro nojirimycin derivatives were obtained depending on the amine employed in this transformation which provided an insight into the effects of their structure on the outcome of the reaction. Of particular interest were the results obtained when two enantiomeric amino acids (d-Phe-OMe and l-Phe-OMe) were used, which resulted in the inversion of the reaction stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doretta Cuffaro
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6/33, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Martina Landi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6/33, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Felicia D'Andrea
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6/33, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Guazzelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6/33, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
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5
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Kutateladze AG, Holt T, Reddy DS. Natural Products Containing the Oxetane and Related Moieties Present Additional Challenges for Structure Elucidation: A DU8+ Computational Case Study. J Org Chem 2019; 84:7575-7586. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei G. Kutateladze
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, United States
| | - Tina Holt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, United States
| | - D. Sai Reddy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, United States
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6
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Chiappe C, Rodriguez Douton MJ, Mezzetta A, Guazzelli L, Pomelli CS, Assanelli G, de Angelis AR. Exploring and exploiting different catalytic systems for the direct conversion of cellulose into levulinic acid. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04707j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The single step conversion of cellulose into levulinic acid has been studied under hydrothermal conditions with several catalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Chiappe
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa
- 56126 Pisa
- Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Giulio Assanelli
- ENI Downstream R&D Development, Operations and Technology
- Milano
- Italy
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7
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Catelani G, D'Andrea F, Guazzelli L, Griselli A, Testi N, Chiacchio MA, Legnani L, Toma L. Synthesis and conformational analysis of a simplified inositol-model of the Streptococcus pneumoniae 19F capsular polysaccharide repeating unit. Carbohydr Res 2017; 443-444:29-36. [PMID: 28324771 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate mimics have been studied for a long time as useful sugar substitutes, both in the investigation of biological events and in the treatment of sugar-related diseases. Here we report further evaluation of the capabilities of inositols as carbohydrate substitutes. The conformational features of an inositol-model of a simplified repeating unit corresponding to the capsular polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae 19F has been evaluated by computational analysis, and compared to the native repeating unit. The inositol mimic was synthesized, and its experimental spectroscopic data allowed for verification of the theoretical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Catelani
- Università di Pisa, Dipartimento di Farmacia, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Felicia D'Andrea
- Università di Pisa, Dipartimento di Farmacia, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Guazzelli
- Università di Pisa, Dipartimento di Farmacia, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Alessio Griselli
- Università di Pisa, Dipartimento di Farmacia, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Nicola Testi
- Università di Pisa, Dipartimento di Farmacia, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Assunta Chiacchio
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; Università di Pavia, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Legnani
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; Università di Pavia, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Lucio Toma
- Università di Pavia, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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8
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Hazelard D, Compain P. Square sugars: challenges and synthetic strategies. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:3806-3827. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00386b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of square sugars requires innovative strategies based on efficient stereoselective methodologies, from organocatalysis to metal carbene insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Hazelard
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique et Molécules Bioactives (SYBIO)
- Université de Strasbourg/CNRS (UMR 7509)
- Ecole Europèenne de Chimie, Polyméres et Matériaux (ECPM)
- 25 rue Becquerel
- France
| | - Philippe Compain
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique et Molécules Bioactives (SYBIO)
- Université de Strasbourg/CNRS (UMR 7509)
- Ecole Europèenne de Chimie, Polyméres et Matériaux (ECPM)
- 25 rue Becquerel
- France
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9
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5'-Spiro-cyclopropanated lactose derivatives as suitable intermediates for the chain elongation: synthesis of a new 6-deoxy-6-methyl δ-eptulose. Carbohydr Res 2016; 422:45-52. [PMID: 26854721 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A δ-dicarbonyl heptose has been prepared through an electrophilic ring opening procedure of a 5'-spirocyclopropanated lactose derivative. The reported synthetic procedure outlines a new route for the transformation of this renewable disaccharide into new and interesting δ-dicarbonyl sugars, synthetic precursors of cyclitols, carba- and azasugars. The experimental results of the cyclopropanation process have been successfully rationalized by in silico studies.
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10
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Yilmazer ND, Korth M. Enhanced semiempirical QM methods for biomolecular interactions. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2015; 13:169-75. [PMID: 25848495 PMCID: PMC4372622 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent successes and failures of the application of 'enhanced' semiempirical QM (SQM) methods are reviewed in the light of the benefits and backdraws of adding dispersion (D) and hydrogen-bond (H) correction terms. We find that the accuracy of SQM-DH methods for non-covalent interactions is very often reported to be comparable to dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT-D), while computation times are about three orders of magnitude lower. SQM-DH methods thus open up a possibility to simulate realistically large model systems for problems both in life and materials science with comparably high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Korth
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
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11
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Guazzelli L, Catelani G, D'Andrea F, Gragnani T. Stereoselective synthesis of β-d-GlcNAc-(1→4)-D-Glc disaccharide starting from lactose. Carbohydr Res 2014; 388:44-9. [PMID: 24614689 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The stereoselective preparation of the β-d-GlcNAc-(1→4)-D-Glc disaccharide starting from known 4-O-[6-O-(1-methoxy-1-methylethyl)-3,4-O-isopropylidene-β-d-talopyranosyl]-2,3:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-aldehydo-D-glucose dimethyl acetal (2), in turn easily obtained from lactose, is reported. Key steps of this new procedure, that avoids the glycosylation reaction, are (a) a first epimerization at C-4' through an unusual procedure involving a completely stereospecific hydroboration-oxidation of the enol ether group of the hex-4-enopyranoside 4, obtained from 3 by base promoted acetone elimination, (b) an amination with inversion by S(N)2 reaction on an imidazylate intermediate, and, finally, (c) N-acetylation followed by complete deprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Guazzelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, via Bonanno 33, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giorgio Catelani
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, via Bonanno 33, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Felicia D'Andrea
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, via Bonanno 33, I-56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Gragnani
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, via Bonanno 33, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
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