1
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Upadhyaya K, Dubbu S. Advancing carbohydrate functionality: The role of hypervalent iodine. Carbohydr Res 2024; 542:109175. [PMID: 38865797 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Hypervalent iodine reagents have undergone significant development and widespread application in the functionalization of carbohydrates. This is primarily attributed to their exceptional properties, including mildness, ease of handling, high selectivity, environmental friendliness, and stability. This review aims to emphasize the utilization of hypervalent iodine compounds in the functionalization of carbohydrates. The present article covers various aspects, including glycal functionalization, C-H or N-H insertion reactions, O-arylations, C-2 deoxy-2-iodo glycoconjugates, iminosugars, and C3-oxo-glycals, achieved through the use of hypervalent iodine reagents/catalysts. Additionally, it explores hypervalent iodine-mediated bioactive 1,3,5-trioxocane synthesis followed by rare sugars synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Upadhyaya
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Sateesh Dubbu
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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2
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Porras M, Hernández D, González CC, Boto A. “Cut and Paste” Processes in the Search of Bioactive Products: One-Pot, Metal-free O-Radical Scission-Oxidation-Addition of C, N or P-Nucleophiles. Front Chem 2022; 10:884124. [PMID: 35665068 PMCID: PMC9158125 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.884124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypervalent iodine reagents have been applied in many metal-free, efficient synthesis of natural products and other bioactive compounds. In particular, treatment of alcohols, acetals and acids with hypervalent iodine reagents and iodine results in O-radicals that can undergo a β-scission reaction. Under these oxidative conditions, derivatives of amino acids, peptides or carbohydrates are converted into cationic intermediates, which can subsequently undergo inter- or intramolecular addition of nucleophiles. Most reported papers describe the addition of oxygen nucleophiles, but this review is focused on the addition of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous nucleophiles. The resulting products (nucleoside and alkaloid analogs, unnatural amino acids, site-selectively modified peptides) are valuable intermediates or analogs of bioactive compounds.
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3
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Santana AG, González CC. Tandem Radical Fragmentation/Cyclization of Guanidinylated Monosaccharides Grants Access to Medium-Sized Polyhydroxylated Heterocycles. Org Lett 2020; 22:8492-8495. [PMID: 33074675 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The fragmentation of anomeric alkoxyl radicals (ARF) and the subsequent cyclization promoted by hypervalent iodine provide an excellent method for the synthesis of guanidino-sugars. The methodology described herein is one of the few existing general methodologies for the formation of medium-sized exo- and endoguanidine-containing heterocycles presenting a high degree of oxygenation in their structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés G Santana
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología del C.S.I.C., Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Concepción C González
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología del C.S.I.C., Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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4
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Farshadfar K, Gouranourimi A, Ariafard A. How the combination of PhIO and I 2 provides a species responsible for conducting organic reactions through radical mechanisms. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:8103-8108. [PMID: 33006357 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01705a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A combination of iodosobenzene (PhIO) and molecular iodine (I2) is well-documented to produce a key species capable of conducting various organic reactions through radical mechanisms. This key species is identified here by density functional theory (DFT) calculations to be the hypoiodite radical (IO˙). The calculations show that two equivalents of IO˙ are generated when I2 reacts with two equivalents of PhIO. One of the ensuing IO˙ species acts as a hydrogen abstractor and thus forms an organic radical and the other one is involved in oxidation of the resultant organic radical to afford the final product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Farshadfar
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Poonak, Tehran 1469669191, Iran
| | - Ali Gouranourimi
- School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia.
| | - Alireza Ariafard
- School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia.
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5
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Li W, Yu B. Temporary ether protecting groups at the anomeric center in complex carbohydrate synthesis. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2020; 77:1-69. [PMID: 33004110 DOI: 10.1016/bs.accb.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a carbohydrate building block usually starts with introduction of a temporary protecting group at the anomeric center and ends with its selective cleavage for further transformation. Thus, the choice of the anomeric temporary protecting group must be carefully considered because it should retain intact during the whole synthetic manipulation, and it should be chemoselectively removable without affecting other functional groups at a late stage in the synthesis. Etherate groups are the most widely used temporary protecting groups at the anomeric center, generally including allyl ethers, MP (p-methoxyphenyl) ethers, benzyl ethers, PMB (p-methoxybenzyl) eithers, and silyl ethers. This chapter provides a comprehensive review on their formation, cleavage, and applications in the synthesis of complex carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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6
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Hernández-Guerra D, Kennedy AR, León EI, Martín Á, Pérez-Martín I, Rodríguez MS, Suárez E. Synthetic Approaches to Phosphasugars (2-oxo-1,2-oxaphosphacyclanes) Using the Anomeric Alkoxyl Radical β-Fragmentation Reaction as the Key Step. J Org Chem 2020; 85:4861-4880. [PMID: 32174121 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The anomeric alkoxyl radical β-fragmentation (ARF) of carbohydrates possessing an electron-withdrawing group (EWG) at C2, promoted by PhI(OAc)2/I2, gives rise to an acyclic iodide through which a pentavalent atom of phosphorus can be introduced via the Arbuzov reaction. After selective hydrolysis and subsequent cyclization, the phosphonate or phosphinate intermediates can be converted into 2-deoxy-1-phosphahexopyranose and 2-deoxy-1-phosphapentopyranose sugars. The ARF of carbohydrates with an electron-donor group (EDG) at C2 proceeds by a radical-polar crossover mechanism, and the cyclization occurs by nucleophilic attack of a conveniently positioned phosphonate or phosphinate group to the transient oxocarbenium ion. This alternative methodology leads to 5-phosphasugars with a 4-deoxy-5-phosphapentopyranose framework. The structure and conformation of the 2-oxo-1,2-oxaphosphinane and 2-oxo-1,2-oxaphospholane ring systems in different carbohydrate models have been studied by NMR and X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hernández-Guerra
- Sı́ntesis de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiologı́a del CSIC, Carretera de La Esperanza 3, 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, U.K
| | - Elisa I León
- Sı́ntesis de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiologı́a del CSIC, Carretera de La Esperanza 3, 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ángeles Martín
- Sı́ntesis de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiologı́a del CSIC, Carretera de La Esperanza 3, 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Inés Pérez-Martín
- Sı́ntesis de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiologı́a del CSIC, Carretera de La Esperanza 3, 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - María S Rodríguez
- Sı́ntesis de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiologı́a del CSIC, Carretera de La Esperanza 3, 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ernesto Suárez
- Sı́ntesis de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiologı́a del CSIC, Carretera de La Esperanza 3, 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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7
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André-Joyaux E, Santana AG, González CC. Synthesis of Chiral Polyhydroxylated Benzimidazoles by a Tandem Radical Fragmentation/Cyclization Reaction: A Straight Avenue to Fused Aromatic-Carbohydrate Hybrids. J Org Chem 2019; 84:506-515. [PMID: 30589268 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of benzimidazole-fused iminosugars through a tandem β-fragmentation-intramolecular cyclization reaction is described. The use of the benzimidazole ring as the internal nucleophile and the use of phenyliodosophthalate (PhI(Phth)), a new metal-free and low toxic hypervalent iodine reagent, are the most remarkable novelties of this synthetic strategy. With this approach, we have demonstrated the usefulness of the fragmentation of anomeric alkoxyl radicals promoted by the PhI(Phth)/I2 system for the preparation of new compounds with potential interest for both medicinal and synthetic chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emy André-Joyaux
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología del C.S.I.C. , Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3 , 38206 La Laguna , Tenerife , Spain
| | - Andrés G Santana
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología del C.S.I.C. , Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3 , 38206 La Laguna , Tenerife , Spain
| | - Concepción C González
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología del C.S.I.C. , Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3 , 38206 La Laguna , Tenerife , Spain
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de la Fuente A, Verdaguer X, Riera A. Stereodivergent Syntheses of altro
and manno
Stereoisomers of 2-Acetamido-1,2-dideoxynojirimycin. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex de la Fuente
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona); The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology; Baldiri Reixac 10 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Xavier Verdaguer
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona); The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology; Baldiri Reixac 10 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica; Secció Química Orgànica. Universitat de Barcelona; Martí i Franqués 1 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Antoni Riera
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona); The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology; Baldiri Reixac 10 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica; Secció Química Orgànica. Universitat de Barcelona; Martí i Franqués 1 08028 Barcelona Spain
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9
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Navo CD, Corzana F, Sánchez-Fernández EM, Busto JH, Avenoza A, Zurbano MM, Nanba E, Higaki K, Ortiz Mellet C, García Fernández JM, Peregrina JM. Conformationally-locked C-glycosides: tuning aglycone interactions for optimal chaperone behaviour in Gaucher fibroblasts. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:1473-84. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02281a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of conformationally locked C-glycosides based on the 3-aminopyrano[3,2-b]pyrrol-2(1H)-one (APP) scaffold has been synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. D. Navo
- Departamento de Química and Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química
- Universidad de La Rioja
- 26006 Logroño
- Spain
| | - F. Corzana
- Departamento de Química and Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química
- Universidad de La Rioja
- 26006 Logroño
- Spain
| | | | - J. H. Busto
- Departamento de Química and Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química
- Universidad de La Rioja
- 26006 Logroño
- Spain
| | - A. Avenoza
- Departamento de Química and Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química
- Universidad de La Rioja
- 26006 Logroño
- Spain
| | - M. M. Zurbano
- Departamento de Química and Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química
- Universidad de La Rioja
- 26006 Logroño
- Spain
| | - E. Nanba
- Division of Functional Genomics
- Research Center for Bioscience and Technology
- Tottori University
- Yonago 683-8503
- Japan
| | - K. Higaki
- Division of Functional Genomics
- Research Center for Bioscience and Technology
- Tottori University
- Yonago 683-8503
- Japan
| | - C. Ortiz Mellet
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad de Sevilla
- 41012 Sevilla
- Spain
| | - J. M. García Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ)
- CSIC – Universidad de Sevilla
- 41092 Sevilla
- Spain
| | - J. M. Peregrina
- Departamento de Química and Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química
- Universidad de La Rioja
- 26006 Logroño
- Spain
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10
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Wan JP, Lin Y, Cao X, Liu Y, Wei L. Copper-catalyzed, hypervalent iodine mediated CC bond activation of enaminones for the synthesis of α-keto amides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:1270-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc08843g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented approach toward the general synthesis of α-keto amides has been established by tailoring the CC double bond of enaminones in the presence of CuI and hypervalent iodine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Ping Wan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022
- P. R. China
| | - Yunfang Lin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoji Cao
- Research Centre of Analysis and Measurement
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yunyun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022
- P. R. China
| | - Li Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022
- P. R. China
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11
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Laha RM, Khamarui S, Manna SK, Maiti DK. In Situ Generated AgII-Catalyzed Selective Oxo-Esterification of Alkyne with Alcohol to α-Ketoester: Photophysical Study. Org Lett 2015; 18:144-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Radha M. Laha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, University College of Science, 92 A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Saikat Khamarui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, University College of Science, 92 A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Saikat K. Manna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, University College of Science, 92 A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Dilip K. Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, University College of Science, 92 A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
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12
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Efficient stereoselective synthesis of 2-acetamido-1,2-dideoxyallonojirimycin (DAJNAc) and sp(2)-iminosugar conjugates: Novel hexosaminidase inhibitors with discrimination capabilities between the mature and precursor forms of the enzyme. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 121:926-938. [PMID: 26564401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to their capacity to inhibit hexosaminidases, 2-acetamido-1,2-dideoxy-iminosugars have been widely studied as potential therapeutic agents for various diseases. An efficient stereoselective synthesis of 2-acetamido-1,2-dideoxyallonojirimycin (DAJNAc), the most potent inhibitor of human placenta β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (β-hexosaminidase) among the epimeric series, is here described. This novel procedure can be easily scaled up, providing enough material for structural modifications and further biological tests. Thus, two series of sp(2)-iminosugar conjugates derived from DAJNAc have been prepared, namely monocyclic DAJNAc-thioureas and bicyclic 2-iminothiazolidines, and their glycosidase inhibitory activity evaluated. The data evidence the utmost importance of developing diversity-oriented synthetic strategies allowing optimization of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions to achieve high inhibitory potencies and selectivities among isoenzymes. Notably, strong differences in the inhibition potency of the compounds towards β-hexosaminidase from human placenta (mature) or cultured fibroblasts (precursor form) were encountered. The ensemble of data suggests that the ratio between them, and not the inhibition potency towards the placenta enzyme, is a good indication of the chaperoning potential of TaySachs disease-associated mutant hexosaminidase.
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Sánchez-Fernández EM, Álvarez E, Ortiz Mellet C, García Fernández JM. Synthesis of Multibranched Australine Derivatives from Reducing Castanospermine Analogues through the Amadori Rearrangement of gem-Diamine Intermediates: Selective Inhibitors of β-Glucosidase. J Org Chem 2014; 79:11722-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo5025283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena M. Sánchez-Fernández
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, c/Profesor García González 1, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Eleuterio Álvarez
- Instituto
de Investigaciones Químicas, CSIC − Universidad de Sevilla, c/Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carmen Ortiz Mellet
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, c/Profesor García González 1, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José M. García Fernández
- Instituto
de Investigaciones Químicas, CSIC − Universidad de Sevilla, c/Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain
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14
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Hernández-Guerra D, Rodríguez MS, Suárez E. Fragmentation of Carbohydrate Anomeric Alkoxyl Radicals: Synthesis of Chiral Polyhydroxylated β-Iodo- and Alkenylorganophosphorus(V) Compounds. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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