1
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He H, Lee YJ, Zong Z, Liu N, Lynch VM, Kim J, Oh J, Kim D, Sessler JL, Ke XS. Nanographene-Fused Expanded Carbaporphyrin Tweezers. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:543-551. [PMID: 38147538 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
A nanographene-fused expanded carbaporphyrin (5) and its BF2 complex (6) were synthesized. Single-crystal X-ray structures revealed that 5 and 6 are connected by two hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) units and two dipyrromethene or BODIPY units, respectively. As prepared, 5 and 6 both show nonaromatic character with figure-of-eight carbaoctaphyrin (1.1.1.0.1.1.1.0) cores and adopt tweezers-like conformations characterized by a partially confined space between the two constituent HBC units. The distance between the HBC centers is >10 Å, while the dihedral angles between the two HBC planes are 30.5 and 35.2° for 5 and 6, respectively. The interactions between 5 and 6 and fullerene C60 were studied both in organic media and in the solid state. Proton NMR spectral titrations of 5 and 6 with C60 revealed a 1:1 binding mode for both macrocycles. In toluene-d8, the corresponding binding constants were determined to be 1141 ± 17 and 994 ± 10 M-1 for 5 and 6, respectively. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction structural analyses confirmed the formation of 1:1 fullerene inclusion complexes in the solid state. The C60 guests in both complexes are found within triangular pockets composed of two HBC units from the tweezers-like receptor most closely associated with the bound fullerene, as well as an HBC unit from an adjacent host. Femtosecond transient absorption measurements revealed subpicosecond ultrafast charge separation between 5 (and 6) and C60 in the complexes. To the best of our knowledge, the present report provides the first example wherein a nanographene building block is incorporated into the core of a porphyrinic framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haodan He
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yu Jin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Zhaohui Zong
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ningchao Liu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Vincent M Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Jinseok Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Juwon Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Xian-Sheng Ke
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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2
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Li ZX, Du XS, Wang J, Wu ZQ, Zheng Z, Yao S, Wang B, Li C. Modular Synthesis of Biphen[ n]arenes Directed by Five-Membered Heterocycles. Org Lett 2023; 25:7836-7840. [PMID: 37862603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Modular synthesis of novel biphen[n]arenes (n = 2-4) with customizable heterocycle blocks, functional skeletons, binding sites, and topological structures could be facilely achieved through the rational design and replacement of reaction modules (furan and thiophene), functional modules (substituted benzene, biphenyl, and naphthalene), and linking modules (methylene). These biphen[n]arenes were characterized by NMR, HRMS, and X-ray crystalline diffraction, complemented by DFT calculations. Their photophysical properties were thoroughly studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Xian Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Xu-Sheng Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Zhuo-Qian Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Zhe Zheng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Shibo Yao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Chunju Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
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3
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Wypych K, Dimitrova M, Sundholm D, Pawlicki M. Diagnosing Ring Current(s) in Figure-Eight Skeletons: A 3D Through-Space Conjugation in the Two-Loops Crossing. Org Lett 2022; 24:4876-4880. [PMID: 35796415 PMCID: PMC9348834 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The macrocyclic structures
with local conjugation readily undergo
a redox-triggered change in the diatropic character, leading to a
global current–density pathway of the doubly charged systems.
The figure-eight geometry of the neutral dimer does not significantly
change upon oxidation according to the spectroscopic and computational
data. The oxidation leads to 3D cross-conjugation at the intersection
of the two ethylene bridges resulting in a global ring current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Wypych
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.,Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 503833 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maria Dimitrova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dage Sundholm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miłosz Pawlicki
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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4
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Wang Y, Ke XS, Lee S, Kang S, Lynch VM, Kim D, Sessler JL. Pyrene-Bridged Expanded Carbaporphyrin Nanobelts. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9212-9216. [PMID: 35358383 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Two belt-like expanded carbaporphyrins (NB1 and NB2) were prepared via a one-pot procedure that involves a [6 + 3] condensation between a pyrene-bearing tetrapyrrole precursor (2) and pentafluorobenzaldehyde, followed by oxidation. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that NB1 and NB2 both contain six dipyrromethene moieties and three bridging pyrene units. In the structure of NB1, there are two vertically orientated pyrene units and one transverse orientated pyrene unit; however, in NB2 all three pyrene units are vertically orientated. The structural differences between NB1 and NB2 are reflected in their respective physical properties as revealed by proton NMR, UV-vis, and fluorescence spectroscopies. In contrast to all-carbon nanobelts, NB1 and NB2 contain multiple pyrrolic nitrogen donors that could serve as potential metal coordination sites. As a test of this possibility, NB2 was used to prepare an unprecedented Zn complex containing 7 Zn2+ metal centers connected by a network of bridging atoms, as confirmed by a single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of a belt-like molecular system that can coordinate multiple metal ions both along the backbone and within its central cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas, 105 East 24th Street-A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Xian-Sheng Ke
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Seokwon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Seongsoo Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Vincent M Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas, 105 East 24th Street-A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas, 105 East 24th Street-A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
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5
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Zhou W, Sarma T, Su Y, Lei C, Sessler JL. Kinetic trapping of a cobalt(ii) metallocage using a carbazole-containing expanded carbaporphyrinoid ligand. Chem Sci 2022; 13:692-697. [PMID: 35173933 PMCID: PMC8768885 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06514a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The meso-unsubstituted expanded porphyrinoid 3, incorporating two carbazole moieties, acts as an effective ligand for Co(ii) and permits the isolation and X-ray diffraction-based characterization of a 6 : 3 metal-to-ligand metallocage complex that converts spontaneously to the constituent 2 : 1 metal-to-ligand metalloring species in chloroform solution. The discrete metalloring is formed directly when the Co(ii) complex is crystallized from supersaturated solutions, whereas crystallization from more dilute solutions favors the metallocage. Studies with two other test cations, Pd(ii) and Zn(ii), revealed exclusive formation of the monomeric metalloring complexes with no evidence of higher order species being formed. Structural, electrochemical and UV-vis-NIR absorption spectral studies provide support for the conclusion that the Pd(ii) complex is less distorted and more effectively conjugated than its Co(ii) and Zn(ii) congeners, an inference further supported by TD-DFT calculations. The findings reported here underscore how expanded porphyrins can support coordination modes, including bimetallic complexes and self-assembled cage structures, that are not necessarily easy to access using more traditional ligand systems. Carbazole containing expanded carbaporphyrinoid ligand supports the formation of 2 : 1 metal-to-ligand complexes with Pd, Co, and Zn. Solid-state studies also revealed formation of a 6 : 3 metal-to-ligand metallocage in the case of Co complexation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Tridib Sarma
- Department of Chemistry, Cotton University, Guwahati 781001, Assam, India
| | - Yonghuan Su
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Chuanhu Lei
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, USA
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6
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Abstract
![]()
A macrocyclic motif
composed of carbazole and pyridine subunits
linked by a carbonyl bridge (C=O) forms a skeleton with a peripheral
reactivity that leads to a pinacol-like coupling activated by BBr3, eventually entrapping a substantially elongated C–C
bond. Slightly modified conditions lead to the efficient transformation
of the C=O unit to a CH2 linker that, after exposure
to air, gives a dimeric molecule with multiple bonds between two macrocyclic
units, as documented in spectroscopy and X-ray analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kijewska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Miłosz Siczek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Miłosz Pawlicki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50383 Wrocław, Poland.,Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30387 Kraków, Poland
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7
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Szyszko B, Rymut P, Matviyishyn M, Białońska A, Latos‐Grażyński L. Kinetic versus Thermodynamic Control Over Multiple Conformations of Di‐2,7‐naphthihexaphyrin(1.1.1.1.1.1). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Szyszko
- Department of Chemistry University of Wrocław 14 F. Joliot-Curie St. 50–383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Paweł Rymut
- Department of Chemistry University of Wrocław 14 F. Joliot-Curie St. 50–383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Maksym Matviyishyn
- Department of Chemistry University of Wrocław 14 F. Joliot-Curie St. 50–383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Agata Białońska
- Department of Chemistry University of Wrocław 14 F. Joliot-Curie St. 50–383 Wrocław Poland
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8
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Szyszko B, Rymut P, Matviyishyn M, Białońska A, Latos-Grażyński L. Kinetic versus Thermodynamic Control Over Multiple Conformations of Di-2,7-naphthihexaphyrin(1.1.1.1.1.1). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20137-20146. [PMID: 33462869 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Di-2,7-naphthihexaphyrin(1.1.1.1.1.1), a non-aromatic carba-analogue of the hexaphyrin(1.1.1.1.1.1), incorporating two built-in 2,7-naphthylene moieties was synthesized as two separate, conformationally locked stereoisomers. Both conformers followed complex protonation pathways involving structurally different species, which can be targeted under kinetic and thermodynamic control. The neutralization of the ultimate dicationic product, accessible from both stereoisomers of the free base, allowed to realize the complex conformational switching cycle involving six structurally different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Szyszko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Rymut
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maksym Matviyishyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agata Białońska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
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9
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Szyszko B, Latos-Grażyński L. Expanded Carbaporphyrinoids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16874-16901. [PMID: 31825555 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This Review outlines the progress in the field of synthetic expanded carbaporphyrinoids. The evolution of this topic is demonstrated with expanded porphyrin-inspired systems with a variety of incorporated entities that introduce one or more carbon atoms into the cavity. The discussion starts with platyrins-the macrocycles that were identified as parent molecules of not only the expanded carbaporphyrinoids, but the carbaporphyrinoid class in general. After historic considerations, the plethora of expanded porphyrin-like macrocycles containing N-confused or neo-confused pyrrole motifs and different carbocyclic subunits are presented. Special emphasis is given to applications of expanded carbaporphyrinoids in different areas, including organometallic chemistry, switching systems, or aromaticity, concluding with the demonstration of a covalent cage based on an expanded carbaporphyrinoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Szyszko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Szyszko
- Department of Chemistry University of Wrocław 14 F. Joliot-Curie St. 50-383 Wrocław Polen
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11
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Szyszko B, Przewoźnik M, Białek MJ, Białońska A, Chmielewski PJ, Latos-Grażyński L. Conformation-Dependent Response to the Protonation of Diphenanthrioctaphyrin(1.1.1.0.1.1.1.0): A Route to Pseudorotaxane-Like Structures. Chemistry 2020; 26:8555-8566. [PMID: 32203626 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diphenanthrioctaphyrin(1.1.1.0.1.1.1.0), an expanded carbaporphyrinoid incorporating two phenanthrenylene moieties, exists as two separate, yet interconvertible, locked stereoisomers. These species demonstrate complex dynamic behavior upon protonation, consisting in multiple conformational rearrangements and anion-binding events. The formation of one of the final dicationic forms is accompanied by the inclusion of a complex anion(s) within the macrocyclic cavity yielding a pseudorotaxane-like host-guest complex. Protonation with trifluoroacetic or dichloroacetic acids followed by neutralization afforded a conformation-switching cycle, which involves six structurally different species. Analogous acidification with chiral 10-camphorsulfonic acid and subsequent neutralization generated one of the free base stereoisomers with enantiomeric excess. Therefore, it was shown that the simple acid-base chemistry of diphenanthrioctaphyrin can act as stimulus, inducing chirality into the system, allowing for the manipulation of the stereochemical information imprinted into the enantiomers of the macrocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Szyszko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Monika Przewoźnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał J Białek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agata Białońska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr J Chmielewski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50383, Wrocław, Poland
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12
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Chitranshi S, Das M, Adinarayana B, Cha WY, Kim D, Srinivasan A. Structurally Isomerized Bis-Biphenyl Moieties Embedded in Hexaphyrin(3.1.1.3.1.1) and Octaphyrin(1.1.1.0.1.1.1.0). Org Lett 2020; 22:1081-1085. [PMID: 31935101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
An o-p-biphenyl moiety-incorporated 32π hexaphyrin(3.1.1.3.1.1) is successfully achieved. Replacing ortho with meta connectivity in the biphenyl unit of hexaphyrin leads to the formation of its structural isomer, octaphyrin(1.1.1.0.1.1.1.0). Spectral and structural analyses reveal the lack of planarity in hexaphyrin and the presence of an m-arene unit in octaphyrin, thus affording nonaromatic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangya Chitranshi
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI , Bhubaneswar 752050 , Odisha , India
| | - Mainak Das
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI , Bhubaneswar 752050 , Odisha , India
| | - B Adinarayana
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI , Bhubaneswar 752050 , Odisha , India
| | - Won-Young Cha
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan.,Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea
| | - A Srinivasan
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI , Bhubaneswar 752050 , Odisha , India
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13
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Ramakrishna J, Karunakaran L, Paneer SVK, Chennamkulam AM, Subramanian V, Dutta S, Venkatakrishnan P. Conveniently Synthesized Butterfly-Shaped Bitriphenylenes and their Application in Solution-Processed Organic Field-Effect Transistor Devices. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jagarapu Ramakrishna
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; 600 036 Chennai Tamil Nadu India
| | - Logesh Karunakaran
- Department of Electrical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; 600 036 Chennai Tamil Nadu India
| | - Shyam Vinod Kumar Paneer
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Laboratory; Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai; 600 020 Chennai Tamil Nadu India
| | - Ajith Mithun Chennamkulam
- Department of Electrical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; 600 036 Chennai Tamil Nadu India
| | - Venkatesan Subramanian
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Laboratory; Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai; 600 020 Chennai Tamil Nadu India
| | - Soumya Dutta
- Department of Electrical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; 600 036 Chennai Tamil Nadu India
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14
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Paul M, Neudörfl JM, Berkessel A. Breslow Intermediates from a Thiazolin-2-ylidene and Fluorinated Aldehydes: XRD and Solution-Phase NMR Spectroscopic Characterization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:10596-10600. [PMID: 31131519 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The first generation and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of a crystalline Breslow intermediate (BI) derived from a thiazolin-2-ylidene, that is, the aromatic heterocycle present in vitamin B1 , is reported. Key to success was the combined use of pentafluorobenzaldehyde and a thiazolin-2-ylidene carrying an enol-stabilizing dispersion energy donor as N-substituent. A so-called primary intermediate (PI) could be isolated in protonated form (pPI) as well and analyzed by XRD. Furthermore, the first stable BI derived from an aromatic thiazolin-2-ylidene and an aliphatic aldehyde (trifluoroacetaldehyde) was prepared and characterized by NMR spectroscopy in solution. When switching to a saturated thiazolidin-2-ylidene, reaction with pentafluorobenzaldehyde afforded a new BI in solution (NMR spectroscopy). Attempts to crystallize the latter BI resulted in the isolation of a novel thiazolidin-2-ylidene dimer that had undergone rearrangement to a hexahydro[1,4]-thiazino[3,2-b]-1,4-thiazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Paul
- Cologne University, Department of Chemistry, Greinstrasse 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg-M Neudörfl
- Cologne University, Department of Chemistry, Greinstrasse 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Albrecht Berkessel
- Cologne University, Department of Chemistry, Greinstrasse 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
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15
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Paul M, Neudörfl J, Berkessel A. Breslow Intermediates from a Thiazolin‐2‐ylidene and Fluorinated Aldehydes: XRD and Solution‐Phase NMR Spectroscopic Characterization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Paul
- Cologne UniversityDepartment of Chemistry Greinstrasse 4 50939 Cologne Germany
| | - Jörg‐M. Neudörfl
- Cologne UniversityDepartment of Chemistry Greinstrasse 4 50939 Cologne Germany
| | - Albrecht Berkessel
- Cologne UniversityDepartment of Chemistry Greinstrasse 4 50939 Cologne Germany
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16
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Ghosh A, Dash S, Srinivasan A, Suresh CH, Peruncheralathan S, Chandrashekar TK. Core-modified 48π and 42π decaphyrins: syntheses, properties and structures. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo01162e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Protonation triggered transition of a 48π nonaromatic decaphyrin to a 48π Hückel antiaromatic decaphyrin is reported: the flexibility of the macrocycle due to the presence of twelve meso carbon bridges facilitates such a transition through conformational change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)
- Bhubaneswar-752050
- India
| | - Syamasrit Dash
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)
- Bhubaneswar-752050
- India
| | - A. Srinivasan
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)
- Bhubaneswar-752050
- India
| | - C. H. Suresh
- Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry section
- Chemical Science and Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
- Trivandrum – 695019
- India
| | - S. Peruncheralathan
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)
- Bhubaneswar-752050
- India
| | - Tavarekere K. Chandrashekar
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)
- Bhubaneswar-752050
- India
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17
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Ke XS, Kim T, He Q, Lynch VM, Kim D, Sessler JL. Three-Dimensional Fully Conjugated Carbaporphyrin Cage. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:16455-16459. [PMID: 30452259 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A fully conjugated three-dimensional (3D) expanded carbaporphyrin (2) was prepared in a one-pot procedure that involves a [2+4] condensation reaction between a dibenzo[ g, p]chrysene-bearing tetrapyrrole precursor (1) and pentafluorobenzaldehyde, followed by oxidation. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that 2 possesses a cage-like structure consisting of four dipyrromethenes and two bridging dibenzo[ g, p]chrysene units. As prepared, 2 is nonaromatic as inferred from UV-vis-NIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy and a near-zero (-1.75) nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) value. In contrast, after protonation with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), the cage gains global aromatic character as inferred from the large negative NICS value (-11.63) and diatropic ring current observed in the anisotropy of the induced current density (ACID) plot, as well as the ca. 8-fold increase in the excited state lifetime. In addition, the size of the cavity increases to ca. 143 Å3 upon protonation as deduced from a single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. To our knowledge, this is the largest carbaporphyrin prepared to date and the first with a fully conjugated 3D cage structure whose size and electronic features may be tuned through protonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Sheng Ke
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712-1224 , United States
| | - Taeyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea
| | - Qing He
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712-1224 , United States
| | - Vincent M Lynch
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712-1224 , United States
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712-1224 , United States
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18
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Ke XS, Hong Y, Lynch VM, Kim D, Sessler JL. Metal-Stabilized Quinoidal Dibenzo[g, p]chrysene-Fused Bis-dicarbacorrole System. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:7579-7586. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b02718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Sheng Ke
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Vincent M. Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
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19
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Tian D, Zhou Y, Li Z, Liu S, Shao J, Yang X, Shao J, Huang W, Zhao B. Thieno[3, 2-b]thiophene-Based Discotic Liquid Crystal Mesogens: Rational Synthesis, Physical Properties and Self-Assembly. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daxiong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM); Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech); 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Yanxiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM); Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech); 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Zhaoning Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM); Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech); 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Shuli Liu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM); Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications; 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Jiawei Shao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM); Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech); 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Xue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM); Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech); 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Jinjun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM); Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech); 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM); Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech); 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM); Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications; 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210023 China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE); Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU); 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Baomin Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM); Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications; 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210023 China
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20
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Gao R, AbuSalim DI, Lash TD. Pyreniporphyrins: Porphyrin Analogues That Incorporate a Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Subunit within the Macrocyclic Framework. J Org Chem 2017; 82:6680-6688. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruixiao Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Deyaa I. AbuSalim
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Timothy D. Lash
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
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21
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Wöhrle T, Gündemir R, Frey W, Knecht F, Köhn A, Laschat S. Thermotropic MIDA Boronates as a Case Study for the Role of Dipolar Interactions in Liquid Crystalline Self-Assembly. Chemistry 2017; 23:4149-4159. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Wöhrle
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Rafet Gündemir
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Friederike Knecht
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie; Universität Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Andreas Köhn
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie; Universität Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Tridib Sarma
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D. Lash
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
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24
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Stępień M, Gońka E, Żyła M, Sprutta N. Heterocyclic Nanographenes and Other Polycyclic Heteroaromatic Compounds: Synthetic Routes, Properties, and Applications. Chem Rev 2016; 117:3479-3716. [PMID: 27258218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 868] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensionally extended, polycyclic heteroaromatic molecules (heterocyclic nanographenes) are a highly versatile class of organic materials, applicable as functional chromophores and organic semiconductors. In this Review, we discuss the rich chemistry of large heteroaromatics, focusing on their synthesis, electronic properties, and applications in materials science. This Review summarizes the historical development and current state of the art in this rapidly expanding field of research, which has become one of the key exploration areas of modern heterocyclic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Gońka
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marika Żyła
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Natasza Sprutta
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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25
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Szyszko B, Małecki M, Berlicka A, Białek MJ, Białońska A, Kupietz K, Pacholska‐Dudziak E, Latos‐Grażyński L. Incorporation of a Phenanthrene Subunit into a Sapphyrin Framework: Synthesis of Expanded Aceneporphyrinoids. Chemistry 2016; 22:7602-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Szyszko
- Department of Chemistry University of Wrocław ul.14 F. Joliot-Curie 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Marcin Małecki
- Department of Chemistry University of Wrocław ul.14 F. Joliot-Curie 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Anna Berlicka
- Department of Chemistry University of Wrocław ul.14 F. Joliot-Curie 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Michał J. Białek
- Department of Chemistry University of Wrocław ul.14 F. Joliot-Curie 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Agata Białońska
- Department of Chemistry University of Wrocław ul.14 F. Joliot-Curie 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Kamil Kupietz
- Department of Chemistry University of Wrocław ul.14 F. Joliot-Curie 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Ewa Pacholska‐Dudziak
- Department of Chemistry University of Wrocław ul.14 F. Joliot-Curie 50-383 Wrocław Poland
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26
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Wöhrle T, Wurzbach I, Kirres J, Kostidou A, Kapernaum N, Litterscheidt J, Haenle JC, Staffeld P, Baro A, Giesselmann F, Laschat S. Discotic Liquid Crystals. Chem Rev 2015; 116:1139-241. [PMID: 26483267 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 423] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Wöhrle
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Iris Wurzbach
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jochen Kirres
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Antonia Kostidou
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nadia Kapernaum
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Juri Litterscheidt
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Johannes Christian Haenle
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Peter Staffeld
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Angelika Baro
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Frank Giesselmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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27
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Lash TD. Benziporphyrins, a unique platform for exploring the aromatic characteristics of porphyrinoid systems. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:7846-78. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00892a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Benziporphyrins and related systems exhibit a wide range of properties and may possess nonaromatic, strongly aromatic or even antiaromatic characteristics.
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28
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Chu M, Scioneaux AN, Hartley CS. Solution-phase dimerization of an oblong shape-persistent macrocycle. J Org Chem 2014; 79:9009-17. [PMID: 25185081 DOI: 10.1021/jo501260c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A new shape-persistent macrocycle comprising two 2,3-triphenylene moieties bridged by m-phenylene ethynylenes has been synthesized. UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopies indicate limited interaction between the two triphenylene units. The compound, which has a pronounced oblong shape (the core measures approximately 2.2 × 1.0 nm), aggregates in CDCl3 and toluene-d8 to give stacked dimers, as indicated by the (1)H NMR signals corresponding to protons on or near the core, which shift upfield with increasing concentration. These changes in NMR shielding were modeled using DFT calculations on candidate dimer geometries. The best match to the experimental data was obtained for a dimer consisting of arene-arene stacking by 3.6 Å (on average) with a displacement along the molecular long axis of 3.5-4.0 Å. This displacement is larger than can be explained by the electronic effects of aromatic stacking interactions. Instead, the minimization of steric interactions between the side chains appears to control the dimer geometry, with the alkoxy groups of one molecule sliding into registry with the gaps along the periphery of the other. Such lateral displacement (as opposed to rotation) is a direct consequence of the extended oval shape of the compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Chu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Miami University , Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
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