1
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Wei W, Cheung KK, Lin R, Kong LC, Chan KL, Sung HHY, Williams ID, Tong R, Lin Z, Jia G. [2+2+1+1] Cycloaddition for de novo Synthesis of Densely Functionalized Phenols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307251. [PMID: 37428447 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
A unique benzannulation strategy for regioselective de novo synthesis of densely functionalized phenols is described. Through metal-mediated formal [2+2+1+1] cycloaddition of two different alkynes and two molecules of CO, a series of densely functionalized phenols were obtained. The benzannulation strategy allows efficient regioselective installation up to five different substituents on a phenol ring. The resulting phenols have a substitution pattern different from those obtained from Dötz and Danheiser benzannulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka Key Cheung
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ran Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Lam Cheung Kong
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka Lok Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Herman H Y Sung
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ian D Williams
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rongbiao Tong
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guochen Jia
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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2
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Ma N, Zhou L, Li Y, Wu H, Li S, Zhang G. Theoretical Insight into the Mechanism of Cu(I)-Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 1] Cycloaddition to β-Pyrrolinones: Azaheterocycle Formation and Assisted Dehydrogenation with Solvent MeNO 2. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37467204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The construction of multisubstituted β-pyrrolinones from simple starting materials remains a great challenge. Recently, a novel Cu(I)-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 1] cycloaddition reaction was developed for rapid access to fully substituted β-pyrrolinones, which are difficult to synthesize through traditional methods as this approach may involve unusual C-nucleophilic addition of enamines and umpolung of imines. Elucidating the reaction mechanism may inspire the development of new methodologies via the unusual C-nucleophilic addition of enamines and imines. However, the reaction mechanism is still unclear because none of the intermediates was observed during the reaction process. In this work, we employed theoretical and computational chemistry to investigate the possible pathway. Finally, the calculated results indicate that ketene formed by the Wolff rearrangement of α-diazo-β-ketoester reacts with enamine formed by the addition of alkynes and amine, affording the five-membered azaheterocycle, and this process involves the formation of a six-membered ring intermediate and sequential isomerization, and the further dehydrogenation needs to be assisted with solvent MeNO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Lanxin Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Yameng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Shujun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Guisheng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
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3
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Alfano A, Pelliccia S, Rossino G, Chianese O, Summa V, Collina S, Brindisi M. Photo-Flow Technology for Chemical Rearrangements: A Powerful Tool to Generate Pharmaceutically Relevant Compounds. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:672-680. [PMID: 37197467 PMCID: PMC10184314 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, photochemistry has increasingly emerged as an enabling methodology in both academia and the pharmaceutical industry. Long photolysis times and the gradual reduction of light penetration remained for many years unsolved issues for photochemical rearrangements, triggering the generation of highly reactive species in an uncontrolled fashion and causing the formation of multiple side products. The emergence of continuous-flow chemistry significantly helped to overcome these issues, thus prompting the implementation of photo-flow-based approaches for the generation of pharmaceutically relevant substructures. This Technology Note highlights the benefits of flow chemistry for photochemical rearrangements, including Wolff, Favorskii, Beckmann, Fries, and Claisen rearrangements. We showcase recent advances for photo-rearrangements in continuous flow applied to the synthesis of privileged scaffolds and active pharmaceutical ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella
Ilenia Alfano
- Department
of Pharmacy (DoE 2023-2027), University
of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sveva Pelliccia
- Department
of Pharmacy (DoE 2023-2027), University
of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giacomo Rossino
- Department
of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Orazio Chianese
- Genetic
S.p.A., Via Canfora,
64, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Vincenzo Summa
- Department
of Pharmacy (DoE 2023-2027), University
of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Collina
- Department
of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Margherita Brindisi
- Department
of Pharmacy (DoE 2023-2027), University
of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
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4
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Wang Y, Hu M, Ding L, Wang Y, Wang XN, Chang J. [2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Ynamides to Construct 3-Aminocyclobutenones. Org Lett 2022; 24:5056-5061. [PMID: 35816096 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient Tf2NH-catalyzed [2 + 2] cycloaddition of ynamides under mild conditions has been developed. Within short reaction times, various ynamides are transformed into the corresponding 3-aminocyclobutenones in good to excellent yields. This is the first example for the metal-free intermolecular [2 + 2] self-cycloaddition of ynamides. Meanwhile, the desired cycloaddition products can be easily transformed into aminonaphthol derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Mengjun Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Lixia Ding
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Na Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Junbiao Chang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
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5
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Shafran YM, Hussein AA, Beliaev NA, Shevyrin VA, Shityakov S, Beryozkina TV, Bakulev VA. Selective Synthesis of Azoloyl NH-1,2,3-Triazoles and Azolyl Diazoketones: Experimental and Computational Insights. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:5008-5031. [PMID: 35187318 PMCID: PMC8851643 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report that the reaction of enaminones, from a class of azole series, with sulfonyl azides leads to a difficult-to-separate mixture of two pairs of compounds: (1) 4-azoloyl-NH-1,2,3-triazoles with sulfonamides and (2) azolyl diazoketones with N-sulfonamidines, as a result of the implementation of two competing reactions. On one hand, the electron-donating methyl or methoxy group in the aryl para-position of arylsulfonyl azides favors the production of NH-1,2,3-triazoles together with sulfonamides. On the other hand, the use of highly electrophilic 4-nitrophenylsulfonyl azide promotes the formation of diazoketones and sulfonamidines. It is shown that the direction of each reaction is not only controlled by the nature of the initial enaminones and sulfonyl azides but also depends on the tested solvent. The problem of removing sulfonamides and amidines from the desired products was solved for the first time using new water-soluble enaminones. Based on the experimental and computational studies, the factors contributing to the selective course of alternative reactions were identified, and methods for the synthesis of azoloyl-NH-1,2,3-triazoles and azolyl diazoketones were developed. Density functional theory (DFT) results have shown that the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition is totally driven toward one single regioisomer with a high asynchronous bond formation, and the introduction of an electron-deficient group in sulfonyl azides induces faster cycloaddition. Additionally, DFT calculations were used to gain further mechanistic insights on the reaction studied here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri M. Shafran
- Technology
for Organic Synthesis Department, Ural Federal
University, 19 Mira Street, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Aqeel A. Hussein
- Department
of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Komar
University of Science and Technology, Sulaymaniyah 46002, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Nikolai A. Beliaev
- Technology
for Organic Synthesis Department, Ural Federal
University, 19 Mira Street, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Vadim A. Shevyrin
- Technology
for Organic Synthesis Department, Ural Federal
University, 19 Mira Street, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Sergey Shityakov
- Laboratory
of Chemoinformatics, Infochemistry Scientific Center, ITMO University, 9 Lomonosova Street, Saint-Petersburg 191002, Russia
| | - Tetyana V. Beryozkina
- Technology
for Organic Synthesis Department, Ural Federal
University, 19 Mira Street, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Vasiliy A. Bakulev
- Technology
for Organic Synthesis Department, Ural Federal
University, 19 Mira Street, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
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6
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Sandeep K, Siva Reddy A, Kumara Swamy KC. Palladium-catalysed cyclisation of ynamides and propargyl tethered iodosulfonamides with boronic acids leading to benzosultams. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:6871-6882. [PMID: 34323909 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00925g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and straightforward Pd-catalysed synthesis of diversely substituted sultams utilising ynamides and boronic acids is disclosed; toluene was found to be the most suitable solvent for this transformation. This strategy has been successfully applied to generate dihydrobenzo[d]isothiazole 1,1-dioxides and dihydro-2H-benzo[e][1,2]thiazine 1,1-dioxides. The advantages of this protocol are good functional group tolerance, broad substrate scope, high-yielding reaction and low catalyst loading to access benzofused sultams with five-/six-membered rings. The synthetic utility has been demonstrated by a gram-scale synthesis. A plausible catalytic cycle involving carbopalladation has been proposed for this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sandeep
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana, India.
| | - Alla Siva Reddy
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana, India.
| | - K C Kumara Swamy
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana, India.
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7
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Guerra Faura G, Nguyen T, France S. Catalyst-Controlled Chemodivergent Reactions of 2-Pyrrolyl-α-diazo-β-ketoesters and Enol Ethers: Synthesis of 1,2-Dihydrofuran Acetals and Highly Substituted Indoles. J Org Chem 2021; 86:10088-10104. [PMID: 34259515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A catalyst-controlled, chemodivergent reaction of pyrrolyl-α-diazo-β-ketoesters with enol ethers is reported. While Cu(II) catalysts selectively promoted a [3 + 2] cycloaddition to provide pyrrolyl-substituted 2,3-dihydrofuran (DHF) acetals, dimeric Rh(II) catalysts afforded 6-hydroxyindole-7-carboxylates via an unreported [4 + 2] benzannulation. The choice of enol ether proved to be crucial in determining both regioselectivity and yield of the respective products (up to 91% yield for Cu(II) and 82% for Rh(II) catalysis). Furthermore, the DHF acetals were shown to serve as precursors to 7-hydroxyindole-6-carboxylates (isomeric to the indoles formed from Rh) and highly substituted furans in the presence of Lewis acids. Thus, from a common pyrrolyl-α-diazo-β-ketoester, up to three unique heterocyclic scaffolds can be achieved based on catalyst selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Guerra Faura
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Tena Nguyen
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Stefan France
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.,Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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8
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Smallman HR, Leitch JA, McBride T, Ley SV, Browne DL. Formation and utility of reactive ketene intermediates under continuous flow conditions. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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9
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Wu H, Li X, Yan Z, Ma N, Song S, Zhang G, Jiao N. Cu(I)-Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 1] Cycloaddition of Amines, Alkynes, and Ketenes: An Umpolung and Regioselective Approach to Full-Substituted β-Pyrrolinones. Org Lett 2021; 23:762-766. [PMID: 33443435 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Described here is a Cu-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 1] modular synthesis of full-substituted β-pyrrolinones from simple amines, alkynes, and α-diazo-β-ketoesters. This approach involving the regioselective C-nucleophilic attack of enamines, uncommon C-nucleophilic addition to ketenes, and umpolung of imines enables the direct synthesis of full-substituted β-pyrrolinones, which were hardly constructed by traditional synthetic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zixi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Nana Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Song Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guisheng Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
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10
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Banerjee A, Kundu S, Bhattacharyya A, Sahu S, Maji MS. Benzannulation strategies for the synthesis of carbazoles, indolocarbazoles, benzocarbazoles, and carbolines. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00092f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review presents a critical and authoritative analysis of several exciting benzannulation approaches developed in the past decade for the construction of carbazoles, indolocarbazoles, benzocarbazoles, and carbolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Samrat Kundu
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Arya Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Samrat Sahu
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Modhu Sudan Maji
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
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11
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Lynch CC, Sripada A, Wolf C. Asymmetric synthesis with ynamides: unique reaction control, chemical diversity and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:8543-8583. [PMID: 33073285 PMCID: PMC8383824 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00769b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ynamides are among the most powerful building blocks in organic synthesis and have become invaluable starting materials for the construction of multifunctional compounds and challenging architectures that would be difficult to prepare otherwise. The rapidly growing popularity originates from the unique reactivity and ease of manipulation of the polarized ynamide triple bond, the advance of practical methods for making them, and the simplicity of storage and handling. These attractive features and the demonstration of numerous synthetic applications have spurred the development of intriguing asymmetric reaction strategies during the last decade. An impressive variety of chemo-, regio- and stereoselective carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond forming reactions with ynamides have been developed and now significantly enrich the toolbox of synthetic chemists. This review provides a comprehensive overview of asymmetric ynamide chemistry since 2010 with a focus on the general scope, current limitations, stereochemical reaction control and mechanistic aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciarán C Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
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12
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Vargas JAM, Day DP, Burtoloso ACB. Substituted Naphthols: Preparations, Applications, and Reactions. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Andrés Mora Vargas
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos Universidade de São Paulo CEP 13560‐970 São Carlos SP Brasil
- Facultad de Ciencias Básicas Universidad Santiago de Cali Calle 5 # 62‐00, Campus Pampalinda Santiago de Cali Colombia
| | - David P. Day
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos Universidade de São Paulo CEP 13560‐970 São Carlos SP Brasil
| | - Antonio C. B. Burtoloso
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos Universidade de São Paulo CEP 13560‐970 São Carlos SP Brasil
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13
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Colella M, Degennaro L, Luisi R. Continuous Flow Synthesis of Heterocycles: A Recent Update on the Flow Synthesis of Indoles. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143242. [PMID: 32708643 PMCID: PMC7397031 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Indole derivatives are among the most useful and interesting heterocycles employed in drug discovery and medicinal chemistry. In addition, flow chemistry and flow technology are changing the synthetic paradigm in the field of modern synthesis. In this review, the role of flow technology in the preparation of indole derivatives is showcased. Selected examples have been described with the aim to provide readers with an overview on the tactics and technologies used for targeting indole scaffolds.
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14
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Wu A, Qian H, Zhao W, Sun J. Benzannulation of isobenzopyryliums with electron-rich alkynes: a modular access to β-functionalized naphthalenes. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7957-7962. [PMID: 34094164 PMCID: PMC8163147 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02502j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Described here is a modular strategy for the rapid synthesis of β-functionalized electron-rich naphthalenes, a family of valuable molecules lacking general access previously. Our approach employs an intermolecular benzannulation of in situ generated isobenzopyrylium ions with various electron-rich alkynes, which were not well utilized for this type of reaction before. These reactions not only feature a broad scope, complete regioselectivity, and mild conditions, but also exhibit unusual product divergence depending on the substrate substitution pattern. This divergence allows further expansion of the product diversity. Control experiments provided preliminary insights into the reaction mechanism. A substituent-controlled divergent benzannulation provides rapid access to various β-functionalized naphthalenes from electron-rich alkynes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- An Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China .,HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9 Yuexing 1st Rd, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
| | - Hui Qian
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China .,HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9 Yuexing 1st Rd, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
| | - Wanxiang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China .,HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9 Yuexing 1st Rd, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China .,HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9 Yuexing 1st Rd, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
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15
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Luo Y, Zhang H, Wang S, Zhou Y, Dong S, Feng X. Asymmetric Catalytic Diverse Ring Opening/Cycloadditions of Cyclobutenones with ( E)-Alkenyloxindoles and ( E)-Dioxopyrrolidines. Org Lett 2020; 22:2645-2650. [PMID: 32208616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Highly enantioselective ring-opening/cycloaddition reactions of cyclobutenones were achieved by employing chiral N,N'-dioxide/metal complexes as the catalysts. The Diels-Alder type cycloaddition with (E)-alkenyloxindoles yielded spirocyclohexaneoxindoles with excellent results. Meanwhile, a hetero-Diels-Alder process occurred with (E)-dioxopyrrolidines to afford spiropyrrolidinone-dihydropyranone derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yuqiao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Shunxi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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16
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Wang P, Chau Nguyen K, Lindsey JS. Synthesis of the Ring C Pyrrole of Native Chlorophylls and Bacteriochlorophylls. J Org Chem 2019; 84:11286-11293. [PMID: 31432671 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
As part of a program to develop practical syntheses of members of the family of (bacterio)chlorophylls, two routes to 2-iodo-3-methyl-4-(3-methoxy-1,3-dioxopropyl)pyrrole, a precursor of the universal ring C, have been developed. The β-ketoester of ring C is expected to give rise to ring E upon Knoevenagel condensation and Nazarov cyclization with a ring D constituent as demonstrated in an analogue synthesis. Two viable routes were developed beginning with N-TIPS-pyrrole or with 4-oxo-2-pentene and TosMIC, affording multi-gram-quantities of this ostensibly simple pyrrole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengzhi Wang
- Department of Chemistry , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695-8204 , United States
| | - Khiem Chau Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695-8204 , United States
| | - Jonathan S Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695-8204 , United States
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17
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Nagode SB, Kant R, Rastogi N. Hantzsch Ester-Mediated Benzannulation of Diazo Compounds under Visible Light Irradiation. Org Lett 2019; 21:6249-6254. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Savita B. Nagode
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110001, India
| | | | - Namrata Rastogi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110001, India
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18
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Dutta S, Mallick RK, Prasad R, Gandon V, Sahoo AK. Alkyne Versus Ynamide Reactivity: Regioselective Radical Cyclization of Yne‐Ynamides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:2289-2294. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Dutta
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Hyderabad Hyderabad India
| | | | - Rangu Prasad
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Hyderabad Hyderabad India
| | - Vincent Gandon
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, CNRS UMR 8182Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay Bâtiment 420 91405 Orsay cedex France
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM), CNRS UMR 9168Ecole PolytechniqueUniversité Paris-Saclay route de Saclay 91128 Palaiseau cedex France
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19
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Rhodium-catalyzed C H activation/cyclization of enaminones with sulfoxonium ylides toward polysubstituted naphthalenes. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Dutta S, Mallick RK, Prasad R, Gandon V, Sahoo AK. Alkyne Versus Ynamide Reactivity: Regioselective Radical Cyclization of Yne-Ynamides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201811947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Dutta
- School of Chemistry; University of Hyderabad; Hyderabad India
| | | | - Rangu Prasad
- School of Chemistry; University of Hyderabad; Hyderabad India
| | - Vincent Gandon
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, CNRS UMR 8182; Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay; Bâtiment 420 91405 Orsay cedex France
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM), CNRS UMR 9168; Ecole Polytechnique; Université Paris-Saclay; route de Saclay 91128 Palaiseau cedex France
| | - Akhila K. Sahoo
- School of Chemistry; University of Hyderabad; Hyderabad India
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21
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Ciszewski ŁW, Rybicka-Jasińska K, Gryko D. Recent developments in photochemical reactions of diazo compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:432-448. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02703j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chemistry of diazo compounds is dominated by transition metal catalysis but recently, photoinitiated reactions of diazo compounds have attracted a lot of attention. This mini-review describes recent discoveries on the reactivity of diazo compounds under light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz W. Ciszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
| | | | - Dorota Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
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22
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El Achi N, Gelat F, Cheval NP, Mazzah A, Bakkour Y, Penhoat M, Chausset-Boissarie L, Rolando C. Sensitized [2 + 2] intramolecular photocycloaddition of unsaturated enones using UV LEDs in a continuous flow reactor: kinetic and preparative aspects. REACT CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8re00314a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A photocatalysed cycloaddition by benzophenone derivatives under flow and UVA LED irradiation is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassim El Achi
- USR 3290
- MSAP
- Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse l'Analyse et la Protéomique and FR 2638
- Institut Eugène-Michel Chevreul
- Université de Lille
| | - Fabien Gelat
- USR 3290
- MSAP
- Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse l'Analyse et la Protéomique and FR 2638
- Institut Eugène-Michel Chevreul
- Université de Lille
| | - Nicolas P. Cheval
- USR 3290
- MSAP
- Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse l'Analyse et la Protéomique and FR 2638
- Institut Eugène-Michel Chevreul
- Université de Lille
| | - Ahmed Mazzah
- USR 3290
- MSAP
- Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse l'Analyse et la Protéomique and FR 2638
- Institut Eugène-Michel Chevreul
- Université de Lille
| | - Youssef Bakkour
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry
- Lebanese University
- Tripoli
- Lebanon
| | - Maël Penhoat
- USR 3290
- MSAP
- Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse l'Analyse et la Protéomique and FR 2638
- Institut Eugène-Michel Chevreul
- Université de Lille
| | - Laëtitia Chausset-Boissarie
- USR 3290
- MSAP
- Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse l'Analyse et la Protéomique and FR 2638
- Institut Eugène-Michel Chevreul
- Université de Lille
| | - Christian Rolando
- USR 3290
- MSAP
- Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse l'Analyse et la Protéomique and FR 2638
- Institut Eugène-Michel Chevreul
- Université de Lille
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23
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Supantanapong N, Chuangsoongnern P, Tummatorn J, Thongsornkleeb C, Ruchirawat S. One-pot sequential synthesis of 3-carbonyl-4-arylbenzo[f]indole and 3-carbonyl-4-arylnaphthofuran fluorophores. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo01182f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A robust synthetic method for the construction of valuable fluorophores, 3-carbonyl-4-arylbenzo[f]indoles and 3-carbonyl-4-arylnaphthofurans, has been developed. The strategy involved a one-pot domino process to achieve the products in moderate to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Supantanapong
- Program on Chemical Biology
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT)
- Ministry of Education
- Laksi
| | - P. Chuangsoongnern
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry
- Chulabhorn Research Institute
- Laksi
- Thailand
| | - J. Tummatorn
- Program on Chemical Biology
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT)
- Ministry of Education
- Laksi
| | - C. Thongsornkleeb
- Program on Chemical Biology
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT)
- Ministry of Education
- Laksi
| | - S. Ruchirawat
- Program on Chemical Biology
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT)
- Ministry of Education
- Laksi
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24
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Forneris CC, Wang YP, Mamaliga G, Willumstad TP, Danheiser RL. Furo[2,3- g]thieno[2,3- e]indole: Application of an Ynamide-Based Benzannulation Strategy to the Synthesis of a Tetracyclic Heteroaromatic Compound. Org Lett 2018; 20:6318-6322. [PMID: 30256110 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The first synthesis of the tetracyclic aromatic compound furo[2,3- g]thieno[2,3- e]indole ("FTI") is described. The synthetic strategy features a photochemical benzannulation based on the reaction of an α-diazo ketone and ynamide which assembles a benzothiophene equipped with substituents that enable subsequent cyclizations to generate the nitrogen and oxygen heterocyclic rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa C Forneris
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Yu-Pu Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Galina Mamaliga
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Thomas P Willumstad
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Rick L Danheiser
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
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25
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Xue J, Gao E, Wang XN, Chang J. Metal-Free Formal Inverse-Electron-Demand Diels-Alder Reaction of 1,2-Diazines with Ynamides. Org Lett 2018; 20:6055-6058. [PMID: 30234310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A highly effective metal-free formal inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder reaction of 1,2-diazines with ynamides has been developed. This catalytic protocol is more environmentally friendly and allows for the construction of 2-aminonaphthalenes and 2-aminoanthracenes from 1,2-diazines and ynamides in good to high yields with wide diversity and functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xue
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan 450001 , P. R. China
| | - Erhui Gao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan 450001 , P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Na Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan 450001 , P. R. China
| | - Junbiao Chang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan 450001 , P. R. China
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26
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Rodina LL, Azarova XV, Medvedev JJ, Semenok DV, Nikolaev VA. Novel photochemical reactions of carbocyclic diazodiketones without elimination of nitrogen - a suitable way to N-hydrazonation of C-H-bonds. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:2250-2258. [PMID: 30202479 PMCID: PMC6122312 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The sensitized photoexcitation of 2-diazocyclopentane-1,3-diones in the presence of THF leads to the insertion of the terminal N-atom of the diazo group into the α-С-Н bond of THF, producing the associated N-alkylhydrazones in yields of up to 63-71%. Further irradiation of hydrazones derived from furan-fused tricyclic diazocyclopentanediones culminates in the cycloelimination of furans to yield 2-N-(alkyl)hydrazone of cyclopentene-1,2,3-trione. By contrast, the direct photolysis of carbocyclic diazodiketones gives only Wolff rearrangement products with up to 90-97% yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudmila L Rodina
- Department of Organic Chemistry, St-Petersburg State University, 26 University pr., 198504, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Xenia V Azarova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, St-Petersburg State University, 26 University pr., 198504, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Jury J Medvedev
- Department of Organic Chemistry, St-Petersburg State University, 26 University pr., 198504, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitrij V Semenok
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 143026, Moscow, Skolkovo Innovation Center, 3 Nobel st., Russia
| | - Valerij A Nikolaev
- Department of Organic Chemistry, St-Petersburg State University, 26 University pr., 198504, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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27
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Visible light-promoted radical benzannulation of diazoketones with alkynes leading to polysubsituted naphthols. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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28
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Nambu H, Hirota W, Fukumoto M, Tamura T, Yakura T. An Efficient Route to Highly Substituted Indoles via Tetrahydroindol-4(5H
)-one Intermediates Produced by Ring-Opening Cyclization of Spirocyclopropanes with Amines. Chemistry 2017; 23:16799-16805. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hisanori Nambu
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Toyama; Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Wataru Hirota
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Toyama; Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Masahiro Fukumoto
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Toyama; Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Takafumi Tamura
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Toyama; Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Takayuki Yakura
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Toyama; Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
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29
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Fuse S, Otake Y, Nakamura H. Integrated Micro-Flow Synthesis Based on Photochemical Wolff Rearrangement. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Fuse
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science; Institute of Innovative Research; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku 226-8503 Yokohama Japan
| | - Yuma Otake
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science; Institute of Innovative Research; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku 226-8503 Yokohama Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science; Institute of Innovative Research; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku 226-8503 Yokohama Japan
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30
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Zhang J, Chen W, Huang D, Zeng X, Wang X, Hu Y. Tandem Synthesis of α-Diazoketones from 1,3-Diketones. J Org Chem 2017; 82:9171-9174. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianlan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology
(Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology
(Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dayun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology
(Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaobao Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology
(Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology
(Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuefei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology
(Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
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31
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Kuzuguchi T, Yabuuchi Y, Yoshimura T, Matsuo JI. Synthesis of multisubstituted phenols by formal [4 + 2] cycloaddition of nucleophilic alkynes with 3-ethoxycyclobutanones. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:5268-5271. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00827a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Formal [4 + 2] cycloaddition between 3-ethoxycyclobutanones and nucleophilic alkynes proceeded to give multisubstituted phenols by using TiCl4 as a Lewis acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Kuzuguchi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences
- Kanazawa University
- Kanazawa 920-1192
- Japan
| | - Yuto Yabuuchi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences
- Kanazawa University
- Kanazawa 920-1192
- Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yoshimura
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences
- Kanazawa University
- Kanazawa 920-1192
- Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Matsuo
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences
- Kanazawa University
- Kanazawa 920-1192
- Japan
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32
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Zhang W, Ready JM. Total synthesis of the dictyodendrins as an arena to highlight emerging synthetic technologies. Nat Prod Rep 2017; 34:1010-1034. [DOI: 10.1039/c7np00018a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The dictyodendrins are a family of alkaloids isolated from marine sponges, Dictyodendrilla verongiformis and Ianthella sp., which possess a highly substituted pyrrolo[2,3-c]carbazole core at the phenol or quinone oxidation states. This review discusses the many diverse approaches used to synthesize these complex natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
- Dallas
- USA
| | - Joseph M. Ready
- Department of Biochemistry
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
- Dallas
- USA
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33
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Mizuno K, Nishiyama Y, Ogaki T, Terao K, Ikeda H, Kakiuchi K. Utilization of microflow reactors to carry out synthetically useful organic photochemical reactions. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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34
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A Concise Total Synthesis of Dictyodendrins F, H, and I Using Aryl Ynol Ethers as Key Building Blocks. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:10684-92. [PMID: 27471872 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b06460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a concise total synthesis of dictyodendrin F and the first total syntheses of dictyodendrins H and I in six steps. In these syntheses, aryl ynol ethers were employed as the key building blocks to introduce aryl and heteroaryl rings in the dictyodendrins. This rapid synthesis utilized a novel hetero-[2 + 2]-cycloaddition reaction between two aryl ynol ethers to yield a cyclobutenone ring. The cyclobutenone was sequentially converted into a highly substituted carbazole via a retro-4π/6π-electrocyclization-N-acylation cascade reaction to provide the dictyodendrin core. Consecutive intramolecular oxidative coupling and deprotection gave dictyodendrins F, H, and I.
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35
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Mertens L, Hock KJ, Koenigs RM. Fluoroalkyl-Substituted Diazomethanes and Their Application in a General Synthesis of Pyrazoles and Pyrazolines. Chemistry 2016; 22:9542-5. [PMID: 27168358 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A novel continuous-flow approach for the synthesis of fluoroalkyl-substituted diazomethanes has been developed. Utilizing a cheap, self-made microreactor fluoroalkyl-substituted amines were transformed into the corresponding diazomethanes using tert-butyl nitrite and acetic acid as catalyst. These diazomethanes were employed in [2+3] cycloaddition reactions with olefins and alkynes, yielding valuable pyrazolines and pyrazoles in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Mertens
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katharina J Hock
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rene M Koenigs
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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36
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Cambié D, Bottecchia C, Straathof NJW, Hessel V, Noël T. Applications of Continuous-Flow Photochemistry in Organic Synthesis, Material Science, and Water Treatment. Chem Rev 2016; 116:10276-341. [PMID: 26935706 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 882] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Continuous-flow photochemistry in microreactors receives a lot of attention from researchers in academia and industry as this technology provides reduced reaction times, higher selectivities, straightforward scalability, and the possibility to safely use hazardous intermediates and gaseous reactants. In this review, an up-to-date overview is given of photochemical transformations in continuous-flow reactors, including applications in organic synthesis, material science, and water treatment. In addition, the advantages of continuous-flow photochemistry are pointed out and a thorough comparison with batch processing is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Cambié
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology , Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Cecilia Bottecchia
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology , Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Natan J W Straathof
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology , Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Volker Hessel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology , Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Noël
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology , Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 (S4), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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37
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Siva Reddy A, Siva Kumari AL, Saha S, Kumara Swamy KC. Palladium-Catalyzed Tandem-Cyclization of Functionalized Ynamides: An Approach to Benzosultams. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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38
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Bai Y, Yin J, Liu Z, Zhu G. Construction of 1-Naphthols via Benzannulation Based on the Reaction of Aryl tert-Butyl Ynol Ethers with Ynamides or Ynol Ethers. J Org Chem 2015; 80:10226-33. [PMID: 26389568 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A new version of benzannulation featuring the use of aromatic tert-butyl ynol ethers as the convenient precursors for arylketenes has been developed. Both ynamides and ynol ethers undergo this reaction smoothly, giving 3-amino and 3-alkoxy 1-naphthols in good to excellent yields under the heated reaction conditions. The high efficiency, excellent regioselectivity, good functional group compatibility, and broad substrate scope render this reaction particularly valuable for organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Bai
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University , 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Jing Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University , 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Zhicheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University , 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Gangguo Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University , 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
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39
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Ford A, Miel H, Ring A, Slattery CN, Maguire AR, McKervey MA. Modern Organic Synthesis with α-Diazocarbonyl Compounds. Chem Rev 2015; 115:9981-10080. [PMID: 26284754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1093] [Impact Index Per Article: 121.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hugues Miel
- Almac Discovery Ltd. , David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - M Anthony McKervey
- Almac Sciences Ltd. , Almac House, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon BT63 5QD, United Kingdom
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40
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Willumstad TP, Boudreau PD, Danheiser RL. Synthesis of Highly Substituted Quinolines via a Tandem Ynamide Benzannulation/Iodocyclization Strategy. J Org Chem 2015; 80:11794-805. [PMID: 26259034 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A two-stage "tandem strategy" for the regiocontrolled synthesis of very highly substituted quinolines is described. Benzannulation based on the reaction of cyclobutenones or diazo ketones with N-propargyl-substituted ynamides proceeds via a cascade of several pericyclic reactions to generate multiply substituted aniline derivatives. In the second stage of the tandem strategy, triflate derivatives of the phenolic benzannulation products undergo Larock cyclization upon exposure to iodine to form products that are further elaborated by methods such as palladium-catalyzed coupling to generate quinolines that can be substituted at every position of the bicyclic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Willumstad
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Paul D Boudreau
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rick L Danheiser
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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41
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Glasnov T. Highlights from the Flow Chemistry Literature 2013 (Part 4). J Flow Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1556/jfc-d-14-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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42
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The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2013. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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43
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Bernardim B, Hardman-Baldwin AM, Burtoloso ACB. LED lighting as a simple, inexpensive, and sustainable alternative for Wolff rearrangements. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra15670f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wolff rearrangement suffers from many drawbacks with respect to its practical execution in the laboratory. Herein, commercial LED lamps are employed as a sustainable alternative for the classic protocols typically used for Wolff rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bernardim
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos
- Universidade de São Paulo
- São Carlos
- Brasil
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44
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Fuse S, Takahashi T. Efficient Organic Synthesis based on Micro-flow Photo-reaction, Imidoylation, and Acylation. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2015. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.73.442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Fuse
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, Chemical Resources Laboratory
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45
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Fuse S, Otake Y, Mifune Y, Tanaka H. A Facile Preparation of α-Aryl Carboxylic Acid via One-Flow Arndt–Eistert Synthesis. Aust J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/ch15342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An efficient, one-flow Arndt–Eistert synthesis was demonstrated. A sequence of acid chloride formation–nucleophilic acyl substitution–Wolff rearrangement–nucleophilic addition was performed in a microflow system without isolating any intermediates, which included a potentially explosive compound. The microflow system was made from simple, inexpensive, and readily available instruments and tubes. α-Aryl esters 2a and 2b were prepared in yields of 33 and 23 % (three steps) respectively.
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46
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Müller STR, Wirth T. Diazo compounds in continuous-flow technology. CHEMSUSCHEM 2015; 8:245-250. [PMID: 25488620 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201402874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Diazo compounds are very versatile reagents in organic chemistry and meet the challenge of selective assembly of structurally complex molecules. Their leaving group is dinitrogen; therefore, they are very clean and atom-efficient reagents. However, diazo compounds are potentially explosive and extremely difficult to handle on an industrial scale. In this review, it is discussed how continuous flow technology can help to make these powerful reagents accessible on large scale. Microstructured devices can improve heat transfer greatly and help with the handling of dangerous reagents safely. The in situ formation and subsequent consumption of diazo compounds are discussed along with advances in handling diazomethane and ethyl diazoacetate. The potential large-scale applications of a given methodology is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon T R Müller
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT (UK)
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47
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Nishiyama Y, Mizuno K. Highly Efficient and Selective Diastereodifferentiating Organic Photoreactions Using Flow Microreactor. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2015. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.73.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Nishiyama
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST)
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48
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Mifune Y, Fuse S, Tanaka H. Synthesis ofN-Allyloxycarbonyl 3,5-Dihydroxyphenylglycine via Photochemical Wolff Rearrangement–Nucleophilic Addition Sequence in a Micro-Flow Reactor. J Flow Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1556/jfc-d-14-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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49
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Deadman BJ, Collins SG, Maguire AR. Taming Hazardous Chemistry in Flow: The Continuous Processing of Diazo and Diazonium Compounds. Chemistry 2014; 21:2298-308. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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50
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Butler AJE, Thompson MJ, Maydom PJ, Newby JA, Guo K, Adams H, Chen B. Regioselective synthesis of 3-aminoimidazo[1,2-a]-pyrimidines under continuous flow conditions. J Org Chem 2014; 79:10196-202. [PMID: 25310719 DOI: 10.1021/jo501861g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Multicomponent synthesis of 3-aminoimidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines usually affords a product mixture containing varying amounts of the corresponding 2-amino regioisomer. Modified methods, particularly microwave heating, have been employed to suppress formation of this side-product, but none of the revised protocols are readily amenable to scale. A continuous flow adaptation was found to offer improved regioselectivity toward the targeted 3-amino regioisomer with significantly shorter reaction times and also widened the scope of the reaction to permit the use of aliphatic aldehyde building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlie J E Butler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
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