1
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Li H, Peng M, Wang L, Jiang T, Li X, Fu Y, Hu Z, An J. Single Electron Transfer Reductive Deuteration of Acyl Chlorides for the Synthesis of Deuterated Alcohols with a High Deuterium Atom Economy. Org Lett 2024; 26:719-723. [PMID: 38236082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
We present a highly deuterium atom economical approach for the synthesis of deuterated alcohols via the single electron transfer (SET) reductive deuteration of acyl chlorides. Cost-effective sodium dispersion and EtOD-d1 were used as the single electron donor and deuterium donor, respectively. Our approach achieved up to 49% deuterium atom economy, which represents the highest deuterium atom economy yet achieved in SET reductive deuteration reactions. With all 20 tested substrates, excellent regioselectivity and >92% deuterium incorporations were obtained. Furthermore, we demonstrated the potential of this methodology by synthesizing four deuterated analogues of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengzhao Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R&D of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengqi Peng
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R&D of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R&D of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijing Fu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R&D of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaonong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R&D of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie An
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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2
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Watanabe T, Oga K, Matoba H, Nagatomo M, Inoue M. Total Synthesis of Taxol Enabled by Intermolecular Radical Coupling and Pd-Catalyzed Cyclization. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25894-25902. [PMID: 37972241 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Taxol (1) is a clinically used antineoplastic diterpenoid. The tetracyclic ring system comprises a 6/8/6-membered carbocycle (ABC-ring) and a fused oxetane ring (D-ring) embedded with a bridgehead double bond and decorated with multiple oxygen functionalities. Here, we report a convergent total synthesis of this exceedingly complex natural product. The C-ring fragment was designed to possess a bromocyclohexenone and an extra tetrahydrofuran ring to control the reactivity and selectivity, as well as to minimize functional group manipulations en route to 1. The α-alkoxyacyl telluride of the A-ring served as a radical precursor, and intermolecular radical coupling with the C-ring realized the installation of the C2- and C3-stereocenters and reductive removal of the bromide. After the C8-quaternary stereocenter was constructed by exploiting the three-dimensional shape of the intermediate, the C11-vinyl triflate of A-ring and the C8-methyl ketone of C-ring were utilized for Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization of the central eight-membered B-ring with the bridgehead olefin. Adjustment of the oxidation level and attachment of the oxetane D-ring completed the total synthesis of 1 (28 steps, as the longest linear sequence). The fragment design principle and implementation of the powerful radical coupling reaction described in the present synthesis provide valuable information for planning and executing syntheses of diverse densely oxygenated terpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Watanabe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo113-0033, Japan
| | - Kyohei Oga
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Matoba
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo113-0033, Japan
| | - Masanori Nagatomo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo113-0033, Japan
| | - Masayuki Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo113-0033, Japan
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3
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Li H, Hou Y, Peng M, Wang L, Li J, Ning L, Lai Z, Li Y, An J. Reductive Deuteration of Acyl Chlorides for the Synthesis of α, α-Dideuterio Alcohols Using SmI 2 and D 2O. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28010416. [PMID: 36615608 PMCID: PMC9823311 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of α,α-dideuterio alcohols has been achieved via single electron transfer reductive deuteration of acyl chlorides using SmI2 and D2O. This method is distinguished by its remarkable functional group tolerance and exquisite deuterium incorporation, which has also been applied to the synthesis of valuable deuterated agrochemicals and their building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengzhao Li
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
- Department of Chemistry and Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuxia Hou
- Department of Chemistry and Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mengqi Peng
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
- Department of Chemistry and Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
- Department of Chemistry and Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junyu Li
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei Ning
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zemin Lai
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (J.A.)
| | - Jie An
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (J.A.)
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4
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Li H, Lai Z, Peng M, Ning L, Dong Q, Hou Y, An J. One-Pot Sequential Hydrogen Isotope Exchange/Reductive Deuteration for the Preparation of α,β-Deuterated Alcohols using Deuterium Oxide. Org Lett 2022; 24:5319-5323. [PMID: 35856804 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An efficient one-pot sequential hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE)/reductive deuteration approach was developed for the preparation of α,β-deuterated alcohols using ketones as the precursors. The HIE step can also be used for the synthesis of α-deuterated ketones. This method has been applied in the synthesis of four deuterated drug and MS internal standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengzhao Li
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.,Department of Chemistry and Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zemin Lai
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mengqi Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei Ning
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qixin Dong
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuxia Hou
- Department of Chemistry and Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie An
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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5
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Widness JK, Enny DG, McFarlane-Connelly KS, Miedenbauer MT, Krauss TD, Weix DJ. CdS Quantum Dots as Potent Photoreductants for Organic Chemistry Enabled by Auger Processes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:12229-12246. [PMID: 35772053 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Strong reducing agents (<-2.0 V vs saturated calomel electrode (SCE)) enable a wide array of useful organic chemistry, but suffer from a variety of limitations. Stoichiometric metallic reductants such as alkali metals and SmI2 are commonly employed for these reactions; however, considerations including expense, ease of use, safety, and waste generation limit the practicality of these methods. Recent approaches utilizing energy from multiple photons or electron-primed photoredox catalysis have accessed reduction potentials equivalent to Li0 and shown how this enables selective transformations of aryl chlorides via aryl radicals. However, in some cases, low stability of catalytic intermediates can limit turnover numbers. Herein, we report the ability of CdS nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs) to function as strong photoreductants and present evidence that a highly reducing electron is generated from two consecutive photoexcitations of CdS QDs with intermediate reductive quenching. Mechanistic experiments suggest that Auger recombination, a photophysical phenomenon known to occur in photoexcited anionic QDs, generates transient thermally excited electrons to enable the observed reductions. Using blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and sacrificial amine reductants, aryl chlorides and phosphate esters with reduction potentials up to -3.4 V vs SCE are photoreductively cleaved to afford hydrodefunctionalized or functionalized products. In contrast to small-molecule catalysts, QDs are stable under these conditions and turnover numbers up to 47 500 have been achieved. These conditions can also effect other challenging reductions, such as tosylate protecting group removal from amines, debenzylation of benzyl-protected alcohols, and reductive ring opening of cyclopropane carboxylic acid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas K Widness
- Department of Chemistry, UW─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Daniel G Enny
- Department of Chemistry, UW─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | | | - Mahilet T Miedenbauer
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Todd D Krauss
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States.,Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States.,Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Daniel J Weix
- Department of Chemistry, UW─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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6
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He Y, Wang Y, Li SJ, Lan Y, Wang X. Deoxygenative Cross-Coupling of Aromatic Amides with Polyfluoroarenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115497. [PMID: 35014163 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Considering the ubiquitous nature and ready synthesis of amides, and the great significance of organofluorine-containing species, the cross-coupling of amides and polyfluoroarenes, leading to new carbon-carbon bond-forming methodologies, would find useful applications in synthesis, late-stage functionalization, and rapid generation of molecular diversity. Herein, we present a novel synthesis of α-polyfluoroaryl amines via Sm/SmI2 -mediated deoxygenative cross-coupling of aromatic amides with polyfluoroarenes through direct C-H functionalization. The structural and functional diversity of these readily available precursors provides a versatile and flexible strategy for the streamlined synthesis of α-polyfluoroaryl amines. Combining experimental and theoretical studies, a novel plausible mechanism of the α-aminocarbene-mediated C-H insertion has been revealed, which may stimulate future work for the development of novel methods in amine synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youliang He
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shi-Jun Li
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yu Lan
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China
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7
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He Y, Wang Y, Li S, Lan Y, Wang X. Deoxygenative Cross‐Coupling of Aromatic Amides with Polyfluoroarenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youliang He
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yuxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Shi‐Jun Li
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Yu Lan
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Chongqing University Chongqing 400030 China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan Hangzhou 310024 China
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8
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Jiao J, Wang X. Merging Electron Transfer with 1,2-Metalate Rearrangement: Deoxygenative Arylation of Aromatic Amides with Arylboronic Esters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:17088-17093. [PMID: 33988285 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Amides are essentially inert carboxyl derivatives in many types of chemical transformations. In particular, deoxygenative C-C bond formation of amides to synthetically important amines is a long-standing challenge for synthetic chemists due to the inertness of the resonance-stabilized amide C=O bond. Herein, it is disclosed that by merging electron-transfer-induced activation with 1,2-metalate rearrangement, a wide range of aromatic amides react smoothly with arylboron reagents, affording a series of biologically relevant diarylmethylamines as deoxygenative C-C bond cross-coupling products. With its simplicity and versatility, this reaction shows great promise in the synthesis of amines from amides, which may open up new avenues in retrosynthetic planning and find widespread use in academia and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwen Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China
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9
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Jiao J, Wang X. Merging Electron Transfer with 1,2‐Metalate Rearrangement: Deoxygenative Arylation of Aromatic Amides with Arylboronic Esters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiwen Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan Hangzhou 310024 China
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10
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Sun F, Feng H, Huang L, Liu W. Lewis Acid‐Free Ynoate‐Mediated Chemoselective Reduction of Carboxylic Acids to Primary Alcohols. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feixiang Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai University of Engineering Science Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Huangdi Feng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai University of Engineering Science Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Liliang Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai University of Engineering Science Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Weiping Liu
- College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China
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11
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Garduño‐Castro MH, Procter DJ. Diastereoselective Hydroxyethylation of
β
‐Hydroxyketones: A
Reformatsky
Cyclization‐Lactone Reduction Cascade Mediated by SmI
2
−H
2
O. Helv Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201900227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - David J. Procter
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
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12
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Kuwana D, Nagatomo M, Inoue M. Total Synthesis of 5-epi-Eudesm-4(15)-ene-1β,6β-diol via Decarbonylative Radical Coupling Reaction. Org Lett 2019; 21:7619-7623. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Kuwana
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masanori Nagatomo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masayuki Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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13
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Rana J, Gupta V, Balaraman E. Manganese-catalyzed direct C–C coupling of α-C–H bonds of amides and esters with alcohols via hydrogen autotransfer. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:7094-7099. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt05020a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mn-catalyzed C-alkylation of amides and tert-butyl acetate using alcohols as alkylating agents is reported. This approach exhibits a broad substrate scope providing the C(α)-alkylated amides in good yields via hydrogen auto-transfer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagannath Rana
- Organic Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL)
- Pune - 411008
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Virendrakumar Gupta
- Polymer Synthesis & Catalysis
- Reliance Research & Development Centre
- Reliance Industries Limited
- Navi Mumbai
- India
| | - Ekambaram Balaraman
- Organic Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL)
- Pune - 411008
- India
- Department of Chemistry
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14
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Midya SP, Rana J, Pitchaimani J, Nandakumar A, Madhu V, Balaraman E. Ni-Catalyzed α-Alkylation of Unactivated Amides and Esters with Alcohols by Hydrogen Auto-Transfer Strategy. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:3911-3916. [PMID: 30284756 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201801443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A transition-metal-catalyzed borrowing hydrogen/hydrogen auto-transfer strategy allows the utilization of feedstock alcohols as an alkylating partner, which avoids the formation of stoichiometric salt waste and enables a direct and benign approach for the construction of C-N and C-C bonds. In this study, a nickel-catalyzed α-alkylation of unactivated amides and ester (tert-butyl acetate) is carried out by using primary alcohols under mild conditions. This C-C bond-forming reaction is catalyzed by a new, molecularly defined nickel(II) NNN-pincer complex (0.1-1 mol %) and proceeds through hydrogen auto-transfer, thereby releasing water as the sole byproduct. In addition, N-alkylation of cyclic amides under Ni-catalytic conditions is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siba P Midya
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-, 411008, India
| | - Jagannath Rana
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-, 411008, India
| | - Jayaraman Pitchaimani
- Department of Chemistry, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore-, 641114, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Avanashiappan Nandakumar
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-, 411008, India
| | - Vedichi Madhu
- Department of Chemistry, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore-, 641114, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ekambaram Balaraman
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-, 411008, India
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15
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Chciuk TV, Anderson WR, Flowers RA. Interplay between Substrate and Proton Donor Coordination in Reductions of Carbonyls by SmI2–Water Through Proton-Coupled Electron-Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:15342-15352. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tesia V. Chciuk
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 E. Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - William R. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 E. Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Robert A. Flowers
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 E. Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
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16
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Huang HM, Procter DJ. Selective Electron Transfer Reduction of Urea-Type Carbonyls. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Ming Huang
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - David J. Procter
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester, M13 9PL UK
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17
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Gevorgyan A, Mkrtchyan S, Grigoryan T, Iaroshenko VO. Application of Silicon-Initiated Water Splitting for the Reduction of Organic Substrates. Chempluschem 2018; 83:375-382. [PMID: 31957356 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201800131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The use of water as a donor for hydrogen suitable for the reduction of several important classes of organic compounds is described. It is found that the reductive water splitting can be promoted by several metalloids among which silicon shows the best efficiency. The developed methodologies were applied for the reduction of nitro compounds, N-oxides, sulfoxides, alkenes, alkynes, hydrodehalogenation as well as for the gram-scale synthesis of several substrates of industrial importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashot Gevorgyan
- Homogeneous Catalysis and Molecular Design Research Group, at the Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Łodź, Poland.,Department of Chemistry, and Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (CTCC), University of Tromsø, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Satenik Mkrtchyan
- Homogeneous Catalysis and Molecular Design Research Group, at the Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Łodź, Poland
| | - Tatevik Grigoryan
- Homogeneous Catalysis and Molecular Design Research Group, at the Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Łodź, Poland
| | - Viktor O Iaroshenko
- Homogeneous Catalysis and Molecular Design Research Group, at the Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Łodź, Poland
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18
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Mullane KC, Cheisson T, Nakamaru-Ogiso E, Manor BC, Carroll PJ, Schelter EJ. Reduction of Carbonyl Groups by Uranium(III) and Formation of a Stable Amide Radical Anion. Chemistry 2018; 24:826-837. [PMID: 28873254 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Methyl benzoate, N,N-dimethylbenzamide, and benzophenone were reduced by UIII [N(SiMe3 )2 ]3 resulting in uranium(IV) products. Reduction of benzophenone lead to UIV [OC⋅Ph2 )][N(SiMe3 )2 ]3 , (1.1) which forms the dinuclear complex, [N(SiMe3 )2 ]3 UIV (OCPhPh-CPh2 O)UIV [N(SiMe3 )2 ]3 (1.2), through coupling of the ketyl radical species upon crystallization. Reaction of N,N-dimethylbenzamide with UIII [N(SiMe3 )2 ]3 resulted in UIV [OC⋅(Ph)(NMe2 )][N(SiMe3 )2 ]3 (2), a uranium(IV) compound and the first example of a charge-separated amide radical. In the case of methyl benzoate, the reduction resulted in UIV (OMe)[N(SiMe3 )2 ]3 (3) and benzaldehyde as the reduced organic fragment. Compound 2 showed the ability to act as a uranium(III) synthon in its reactivity with trimethylsilyl azide, a reaction that yielded UV (=NSiMe3 )[N(SiMe3 )2 ]3 . Additionally, 2 was reduced with potassium graphite resulting in [U(μ-O)[O=C(NMe2 )(Ph)][N(SiMe3 )2 ]2 ]2 (4), a dinuclear uranium compound bridged by oxo ligands. Reduction of 2 in the presence of 15-crown-5 afforded isolation of the mono-oxo compound, [(15-crown-5)2 K][UO[N(SiMe3 )2 ]3 ] (5). The results expand the reduction capabilities of UIII complexes and demonstrate a strategy for isolating novel metal-stabilized radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly C Mullane
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th St., Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Thibault Cheisson
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th St., Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Eiko Nakamaru-Ogiso
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA.,Mitochondrial Medicine Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Brian C Manor
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th St., Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Patrick J Carroll
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th St., Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Eric J Schelter
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th St., Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
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19
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Maity S, Flowers RA, Hoz S. Aza versus Oxophilicity of SmI
2
: A Break of a Paradigm. Chemistry 2017; 23:17070-17077. [PMID: 29024166 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeepan Maity
- Department of Chemistry Lehigh University 6 E Packer Ave. Bethlehem Pennsylvania- 18015 USA
- Department of Chemistry Bar-Ilan University Geha Road Ramat Gan- 52900 Israel
| | - Robert A. Flowers
- Department of Chemistry Lehigh University 6 E Packer Ave. Bethlehem Pennsylvania- 18015 USA
| | - Shmaryahu Hoz
- Department of Chemistry Bar-Ilan University Geha Road Ramat Gan- 52900 Israel
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20
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Huq SR, Shi S, Diao R, Szostak M. Mechanistic Study of SmI2/H2O and SmI2/Amine/H2O-Promoted Chemoselective Reduction of Aromatic Amides (Primary, Secondary, Tertiary) to Alcohols via Aminoketyl Radicals. J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Syed R. Huq
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Shicheng Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Ray Diao
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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21
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Chen L, Teng W, Geng XL, Zhu YF, Guan YH, Fan X. Facile synthesis of indene and fluorene derivatives through AlCl3
-catalyzed cyclization of in situ formed iminium ions. Appl Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Lanzhou Jiaotong University; Lanzhou 730070 China
| | - Wei Teng
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Lanzhou Jiaotong University; Lanzhou 730070 China
| | - Xin-Le Geng
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Lanzhou Jiaotong University; Lanzhou 730070 China
| | - Yi-Fan Zhu
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Lanzhou Jiaotong University; Lanzhou 730070 China
| | - Yong-Hong Guan
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Lanzhou Jiaotong University; Lanzhou 730070 China
| | - Xiaohui Fan
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Lanzhou Jiaotong University; Lanzhou 730070 China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
- YMU-HKBU Joint Laboratory of Traditional Natural Medicine; Yunnan Minzu University; Kunming 650500 China
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22
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Maity S, Hoz S. Pushing SmI2Reactions towards the Limit‐ Entropy Driven Reduction of a Benzene Ring. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeepan Maity
- Department of ChemistryBar-Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel 52900
| | - Shmaryahu Hoz
- Department of ChemistryBar-Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel 52900
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23
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Han M, Ma X, Yao S, Ding Y, Yan Z, Adijiang A, Wu Y, Li H, Zhang Y, Lei P, Ling Y, An J. Development of a Modified Bouveault–Blanc Reduction for the Selective Synthesis of α,α-Dideuterio Alcohols. J Org Chem 2017; 82:1285-1290. [PMID: 28029787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Minhui Han
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shangchu Yao
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuxuan Ding
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zihan Yan
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Adila Adijiang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yufei Wu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hengzhao Li
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuntong Zhang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Peng Lei
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yun Ling
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie An
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
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24
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Thurow S, Lenardão EJ, Just-Baringo X, Procter DJ. Reduction of Selenoamides to Amines Using SmI2–H2O. Org Lett 2016; 19:50-53. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Thurow
- Laboratório
de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Eder J. Lenardão
- Laboratório
de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Xavier Just-Baringo
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - David J. Procter
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
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25
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Just-Baringo X, Morrill C, Procter DJ. Highly selective SmI2–H2O-promoted radical cyclisation of five-membered lactones. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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26
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Just-Baringo X, Clark J, Gutmann MJ, Procter DJ. Selective Synthesis of Cyclooctanoids by Radical Cyclization of Seven-Membered Lactones: Neutron Diffraction Study of the Stereoselective Deuteration of a Chiral Organosamarium Intermediate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:12499-502. [PMID: 27600354 PMCID: PMC5113801 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201606792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Seven-membered lactones undergo selective SmI2 -H2 O-promoted radical cyclization to form substituted cyclooctanols. The products arise from an exo-mode of cyclization rather than the usual endo-attack employed in the few radical syntheses of cyclooctanes. The process is terminated by the quenching of a chiral benzylic samarium. A labeling experiment and neutron diffraction study have been used for the first time to probe the configuration and highly diastereoselective deuteration of a chiral organosamarium intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jemma Clark
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Matthias J Gutmann
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - David J Procter
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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27
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Just-Baringo X, Clark J, Gutmann MJ, Procter DJ. Selective Synthesis of Cyclooctanoids by Radical Cyclization of Seven-Membered Lactones: Neutron Diffraction Study of the Stereoselective Deuteration of a Chiral Organosamarium Intermediate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201606792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jemma Clark
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Matthias J. Gutmann
- ISIS Facility; Rutherford Appleton Laboratory; Chilton, Didcot Oxfordshire OX11 0QX UK
| | - David J. Procter
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Manchester M13 9PL UK
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28
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Zhao X, Perrin L, Procter DJ, Maron L. The role of H2O in the electron transfer-activation of substrates using SmI2: insights from DFT. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:3706-10. [PMID: 26865402 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00241b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The first detailed theoretical study on the synthetically important electron transfer (ET) reductant SmI2-H2O has been conducted in the context of the activation of important alkyliodide, ketone, lactone and ester substrates, processes of importance in cross-coupling. Our studies give major insights into the nature of the reagent and suggest that; (i) H2O has a high affinity for Sm(ii) and displaces iodine from the metal center; (ii) SmI2-H2O has 6-7 molecules of H2O directly bound to the metal center; (iii) binding of H2O to Sm(II) promotes coordination of the substrate to Sm(II) and subsequent ET; (iv) resultant ketyl radicals are stabilized by hydrogen-bonding to H2O. The findings add greatly to the understanding of SmI2-H2O and the role of H2O in ET processes, and will facilitate the design of new processes initiated by reductive ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Zhao
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets, INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
| | - Lionel Perrin
- Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5246, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - David J Procter
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Laurent Maron
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets, INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
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29
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Gansäuer A, Hildebrandt S, Vogelsang E, Flowers Ii RA. Tuning the redox properties of the titanocene(III)/(IV)-couple for atom-economical catalysis in single electron steps. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:448-52. [PMID: 26575367 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03891j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Radical-based transformations are an attractive target for the development of catalytic processes due to ease of radical generation, high functional group tolerance and selectivity of bond-forming reactions. In spite of these appealing features, the potential of radicals as key intermediates in catalysis remains largely untapped. Herein we present recent work that exploits the innate ability of titanocene-based catalysts to undergo both oxidative addition and reductive elimination in single electron steps. We further demonstrate that tuning the redox properties of the titanocene-based catalyst can be used to develop efficient catalytic free radical processes including tetrahydrofuran synthesis, and radical arylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gansäuer
- Kekulé-Instiut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - S Hildebrandt
- Kekulé-Instiut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - E Vogelsang
- Kekulé-Instiut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - R A Flowers Ii
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
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30
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Shi S, Szostak R, Szostak M. Proton-coupled electron transfer in the reduction of carbonyls using SmI2–H2O: implications for the reductive coupling of acyl-type ketyl radicals with SmI2–H2O. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:9151-9157. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01621a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The feasibility of concerted PCET in the reduction of carbonyl groups using SmI2–H2O is quantitatively assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng Shi
- Department of Chemistry
- Rutgers University
- Newark
- USA
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry
- Wroclaw University
- Wroclaw 50-383
- Poland
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31
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Meng G, Szostak M. Palladium-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of amides by carbon–nitrogen cleavage: general strategy for amide N–C bond activation. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:5690-707. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00084c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A unified strategy for the palladium-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling of amides with boronic acids for the synthesis of ketones by N–C bond activation is reported.
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32
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Volkov A, Tinnis F, Slagbrand T, Trillo P, Adolfsson H. Chemoselective reduction of carboxamides. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:6685-6697. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00244g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This tutorial review presents the most prominent protocols developed for chemoselective amide reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Volkov
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Arrhenius Laboratory
- Stockholm University
- SE-106 91 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Fredrik Tinnis
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Arrhenius Laboratory
- Stockholm University
- SE-106 91 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Tove Slagbrand
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Arrhenius Laboratory
- Stockholm University
- SE-106 91 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Paz Trillo
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Arrhenius Laboratory
- Stockholm University
- SE-106 91 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Hans Adolfsson
- Department of Chemistry
- Umeå University
- SE-901 87 Umeå
- Sweden
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33
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Maity S, Hoz S. Deciphering a 20-Year-Old Conundrum: The Mechanisms of Reduction by the Water/Amine/SmI2Mixture. Chemistry 2015; 21:18394-400. [PMID: 26525449 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeepan Maity
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900 (Israel)
| | - Shmaryahu Hoz
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900 (Israel).
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34
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Chciuk TV, Flowers RA. Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in the Reduction of Arenes by SmI2–Water Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:11526-31. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b07518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tesia V. Chciuk
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 E. Packer
Ave. Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Robert A. Flowers
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 E. Packer
Ave. Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
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35
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Otte DAL, Woerpel KA. Evidence that Additions of Grignard Reagents to Aliphatic Aldehydes Do Not Involve Single-Electron-Transfer Processes. Org Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b01893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A. L. Otte
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - K. A. Woerpel
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
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36
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Just-Baringo X, Procter DJ. Sm(II)-Mediated Electron Transfer to Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Development of Complexity-Generating Cascades. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:1263-75. [PMID: 25871998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reductive electron transfer (ET) to organic compounds is a powerful method for the activation of substrates via the formation of radicals, radical anions, anions, and dianions that can be exploited in bond-cleaving and bond-forming processes. Since its introduction to the synthetic community in 1977 by Kagan, SmI2 has become one of the most important reducing agents available in the laboratory. Despite its widespread application in aldehyde and ketone reduction, it was widely accepted that carboxylic acid derivatives could not be reduced by SmI2; only recently has our work led to this dogma being overturned, and the reduction of carboxylic acid derivatives using SmI2 can now take its place alongside aldehyde/ketone reduction as a powerful activation mode for synthesis. In this Account, we set out our studies of the reduction of carboxylic acid derivatives using SmI2, SmI2-H2O, and SmI2-H2O-NR3 and the exploitation of the unusual radical anions that are now accessible in unprecedented carbon-carbon bond-forming processes. The Account begins with our serendipitous discovery that SmI2 mixed with H2O is able to reduce six-membered lactones to diols, a transformation previously thought to be impossible. After the successful development of selective monoreductions of Meldrum's acid and barbituric acid heterocyclic feedstocks, we then identified the SmI2-H2O-NR3 reagent system for the efficient reduction of a range of acyclic carboxylic acid derivatives that typically present a significant challenge for ET reductants. Mechanistic studies have led us to propose a common mechanism for the reduction of carboxylic acid derivatives using Sm(II), with only subtle changes observed as the carboxylic acid derivative and Sm(II) reagent system are varied. At the center of our postulated mechanism is the proposed reversibility of the first ET to the carbonyl of carboxylic acid derivatives, and this led us to devise several strategies that allow the radical anion intermediates to be exploited productively in efficient new processes. First, we have used internal directing groups in substrates to "switch on" productive ET to esters and amides and have exploited such an approach in tag-removal cyclization processes that deliver molecular scaffolds of significance in biology and materials science. Second, we have exploited external ligands to facilitate ET to carboxylic acid derivatives and have applied the strategy in telescoped reaction sequences. Finally, we have employed follow-up cyclizations with alkenes, alkynes, and allenes to intercept radical anion intermediates formed along the reaction path and have employed this strategy in complexity-generating cascade approaches to biologically significant molecular architectures. From our studies, it is now clear that Sm(II)-mediated ET to carboxylic acid derivatives constitutes a general strategy for inverting the polarity of the carbonyl, allowing nucleophilic carbon-centered radicals to be formed and exploited in novel chemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David J. Procter
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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