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Golbek TW, Faase RA, Rasmussen MH, Tykwinski RR, Stryker JM, Ivar Andersen S, Baio JE, Weidner T. Model Asphaltenes Adsorbed onto Methyl- and COOH-Terminated SAMs on Gold. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:9785-9792. [PMID: 34351167 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Petroleum asphaltenes are surface-active compounds found in crude oils, and their interactions with surfaces and interfaces have huge implications for many facets of reservoir exploitation, including production, transportation, and oil-water separation. The asphaltene fraction in oil, found in the highest boiling-point range, is composed of many different molecules that vary in size, functionality, and polarity. Studies done on asphaltene fractions have suggested that they interact via polyaromatic and heteroaromatic ring structures and functional groups containing nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen. However, isolating a single pure chemical structure of asphaltene in abundance is challenging and often not possible, which impairs the molecular-level study of asphaltenes of various architectures on surfaces. Thus, to further the molecular fundamental understanding, we chose to use functionalized model asphaltenes (AcChol-Th, AcChol-Ph, and 1,6-DiEtPy[Bu-Carb]) and model self-assembled monolayer (SAM) surfaces with precisely known chemical structures, whereby the hydrophobicity of the model surface is controlled. We applied solutions of asphaltenes to these SAM surfaces and then analyzed them with surface-sensitive techniques of near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). We observe no adsorption of asphaltenes to the hydrophobic surface. On the hydrophilic surface, AcChol-Ph penetrates into the SAM with a preferential orientation parallel to the surface; AcChol-Th adsorbs in a similar manner, and 1,6-DiEtPy[Bu-Carb] binds the surface with a bent binding geometry. Overall, this study demonstrates the need for studying pure and fractionated asphaltenes at the molecular level, as even within a family of asphaltene congeners, very different surface interactions can occur.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan A Faase
- The School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | | | - Rik R Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Jeffrey M Stryker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Simon Ivar Andersen
- Danish Hydrocarbon Research and Technology Centre, Technical University of Denmark, bld. 375, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Joe E Baio
- The School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Tobias Weidner
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Scott DE, Schulze M, Stryker JM, Tykwinski RR. Deciphering structure and aggregation in asphaltenes: hypothesis-driven design and development of synthetic model compounds. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:9202-9239. [PMID: 34231589 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00048a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Asphaltenes comprise the heaviest and least understood fraction of crude petroleum. The asphaltenes are a diverse and complex mixture of organic and organometallic molecules in which most of the molecular constituents are tightly aggregated into more complicated suprastructures. The bulk properties of asphaltenes arise from a broad range of polycyclic aromatics, heteroatoms, and polar functional groups. Despite much analytical effort, the precise molecular architectures of the material remain unresolved. To understand asphaltene characteristics and reactivity, the field has turned to synthetic model compounds that mirror asphaltene structure, aggregation behavior, and thermal chemistry, including the nucleation of coke. Historically, molecular asphaltene modeling was limited to commercial compounds, offering little illumination and few opportunities for hypothesis-driven research. More recently, however, rational molecular design and modern organic synthesis have started to impact this area. This review provides an overview of commercially available model compounds but is principally focused on the design and synthesis of structurally advanced and appropriately functionalized compounds to mimic the physical and chemical behavior of asphaltenes. Efforts to model asphaltene aggregation are briefly discussed, and a prognosis for the field is offered. A referenced tabulation of the synthetic compounds reported to date is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Scott
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada.
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Iwasaki T, Murakami S, Takeda Y, Fukuhara G, Tohnai N, Yakiyama Y, Sakurai H, Kambe N. Molecular Packing and Solid-State Photophysical Properties of 1,3,6,8-Tetraalkylpyrenes. Chemistry 2019; 25:14817-14825. [PMID: 31410873 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between the photophysical properties and molecular orientation of 1,3,6,8-tetraalkylpyrenes in the solid state is described herein. The introduction of alkyl groups with different chain structures (in terms of length and branching) did not affect the photophysical properties in solution, but significantly shifted the emission wavelengths and fluorescence quantum yields in the solid state for some samples. Pyrenes bearing ethyl, isobutyl, or neopentyl groups at the 1-, 3-, 6-, and 8-positions showed similar emission profiles in both the solution and solid states. In contrast, pyrenes bearing other alkyl groups exhibited an excimer emission in the solid state, similar to that of the parent pyrene. On studying the photophysical properties in the solid state with respect to the obtained crystal structures, the observed solid-state photophysical properties were found to depend on the relative position of the pyrene chromophores. The solid-state photophysical properties can be controlled by the alkyl groups, which provide changing crystal packing. Among the pyrenes tested, 1,3,6,8-tetraethylpyrene showed the highest fluorescence quantum yield of 0.88 in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Iwasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shin Murakami
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Youhei Takeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Gaku Fukuhara
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551 (Japan), and JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Tohnai
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yumi Yakiyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Sakurai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Kambe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Keller SN, Sutherland TC. A comparison of optical, electrochemical and self-assembling properties of two structural isomers based on 1,6- and 1,8-pyrenedione chromophores. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04932c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Near-IR absorbing, self-assembling pyrene donor–acceptor chromophore with low reduction potentials.
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Reus C, Lechner MP, Schulze M, Lungerich D, Diner C, Gruber M, Stryker JM, Hampel F, Jux N, Tykwinski RR. Unexpected Michael Additions on the Way to 2.3,8.9-Dibenzanthanthrenes with Interesting Structural Properties. Chemistry 2016; 22:9097-101. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Reus
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Marc P. Lechner
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Matthias Schulze
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Dominik Lungerich
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Colin Diner
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Marco Gruber
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Jeffrey M. Stryker
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Rik R. Tykwinski
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
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