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Mandigma MJP, Domański M, Barham JP. C-Alkylation of alkali metal carbanions with olefins. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:7697-7723. [PMID: 32785363 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01180k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
C-Alkylations of alkali metal carbanions with olefins, first reported five decades ago, is a class of reaction undergoing a resurgence in organic synthesis in recent years. As opposed to expectations from classical chemistry and transition metal-catalysis, here olefins behave as closed-shell electrophiles. Reactions range from highly reactive alkyllithiums giving rise to anionic polymerization, to moderately reactive alkylpotassium or alkylsodium compounds that give rise to defined, controlled and bimolecular chemistry. This review presents a brief historical overview on C-alkylation of alkali metal carbanions with olefins (typically mediated by KOtBu and KHMDS), highlights contemporary applications and features developing mechanistic understanding, thereby serving as a platform for future studies and the widespread use of this class of reaction in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark John P Mandigma
- Universität Regensburg, Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
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2
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Gataullin RR, Zileeva ZR, Maksimova MA, Zainullina LF, Vakhitova YV. Synthesis of (1′
S
*,2
R
*,3
R
*)‐ and (1′
S
*,2
R
*,3
S
*)‐
N
‐arylsulfonyl‐2‐(1′‐halogenethyl)‐3‐methylindolines and their selective toxicity against SH‐SY5Y cell line. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rail R. Gataullin
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences Ufa Russian Federation
| | - Zulfia R. Zileeva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences Ufa Russian Federation
| | - Marina A. Maksimova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences Ufa Russian Federation
| | - Liana F. Zainullina
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences Ufa Russian Federation
| | - Yuliya V. Vakhitova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences Ufa Russian Federation
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3
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Marsico G, Scafato P, Belviso S, Superchi S. Regio- and stereoselective intermolecular carbolithiation reactions. RSC Adv 2020; 10:32581-32601. [PMID: 35516521 PMCID: PMC9056694 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06101h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbolithiation of alkenes provides a powerful tool for the construction of up to two novel carbon–carbon or carbon–heteroatoms bonds in a regio- and stereo-controlled manner. The synthetic potentiality of this reaction is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Marsico
- Dipartimento di Scienze
- Università della Basilicata
- Potenza
- Italy
| | - P. Scafato
- Dipartimento di Scienze
- Università della Basilicata
- Potenza
- Italy
| | - S. Belviso
- Dipartimento di Scienze
- Università della Basilicata
- Potenza
- Italy
| | - S. Superchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze
- Università della Basilicata
- Potenza
- Italy
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4
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Fässler J, McCubbin JA, Roglans A, Kimachi T, Hollett JW, Kunz RW, Tinkl M, Zhang Y, Wang R, Campbell M, Snieckus V. Highly Enantioselective (−)-Sparteine-Mediated Lateral Metalation-Functionalization of Remote Silyl Protected ortho-Ethyl N,N-Dialkyl Aryl O-Carbamates. J Org Chem 2015; 80:3368-86. [DOI: 10.1021/jo502561m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jürg Fässler
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - J. Adam McCubbin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Anna Roglans
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Tetsutaro Kimachi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Joshua W. Hollett
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B 2E9, Canada
| | - Roland W. Kunz
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Tinkl
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Yousheng Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Ruiyao Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Michael Campbell
- Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute, 980 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 6V4, Canada
| | - Victor Snieckus
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L
3N6, Canada
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5
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Best D, Lam HW. C═N-Containing Azaarenes as Activating Groups in Enantioselective Catalysis. J Org Chem 2013; 79:831-45. [DOI: 10.1021/jo402414k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Best
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, The King’s Buildings,
West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Hon Wai Lam
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, The King’s Buildings,
West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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6
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Castagnolo D, Foley DJ, Berber H, Luisi R, Clayden J. Carbolithiation of S-Alkenyl-N-aryl Thiocarbamates: Carbanion Arylation in a Connective Route to Tertiary Thiols. Org Lett 2013; 15:2116-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol400570r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Castagnolo
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K., Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Faculté de Pharmacie, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, F-51096 Reims Cedex, France, and Department of Pharmacy, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Via E. Orabona, 4. I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Daniel J. Foley
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K., Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Faculté de Pharmacie, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, F-51096 Reims Cedex, France, and Department of Pharmacy, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Via E. Orabona, 4. I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Hatice Berber
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K., Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Faculté de Pharmacie, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, F-51096 Reims Cedex, France, and Department of Pharmacy, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Via E. Orabona, 4. I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Renzo Luisi
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K., Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Faculté de Pharmacie, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, F-51096 Reims Cedex, France, and Department of Pharmacy, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Via E. Orabona, 4. I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K., Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Faculté de Pharmacie, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, F-51096 Reims Cedex, France, and Department of Pharmacy, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Via E. Orabona, 4. I-70125 Bari, Italy
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7
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Gómez-Sanjuan A, Sotomayor N, Lete E. Inter- and intramolecular enantioselective carbolithiation reactions. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:313-22. [PMID: 23504613 PMCID: PMC3596099 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review we summarize recent developments in inter- and intramolecular enantioselective carbolithiation reactions carried out in the presence of a chiral ligand for lithium, such as (-)-sparteine, to promote facial selection on a C=C bond. This is an attractive approach for the construction of new carbon-carbon bonds in an asymmetric fashion, with the possibility of introducing further functionalization on the molecule by trapping the reactive organolithium intermediates with electrophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asier Gómez-Sanjuan
- Departamento de Química Orgánica II, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, Apdo. 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
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8
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Tait M, Donnard M, Minassi A, Lefranc J, Bechi B, Carbone G, O’Brien P, Clayden J. Amines Bearing Tertiary Substituents by Tandem Enantioselective Carbolithiation–Rearrangement of Vinylureas. Org Lett 2012; 15:34-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol3029324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tait
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Morgan Donnard
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Alberto Minassi
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Julien Lefranc
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Beatrice Bechi
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Giorgio Carbone
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Peter O’Brien
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
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9
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Fournier AM, Clayden J. Tertiary alcohols by tandem β-carbolithiation and N→C aryl migration in enol carbamates. Org Lett 2011; 14:142-5. [PMID: 22126329 DOI: 10.1021/ol2029355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Enol carbamates (O-vinylcarbamates) derived from aromatic or α,β-unsaturated compounds and bearing an N-aryl substituent undergo carbolithiation by nucleophilic attack at the (nominally nucleophilic) β position of the enol double bond. The resulting carbamate-stabilized allylic, propargylic, or benzylic organolithium rearranges with N→C migration of the N-aryl substituent, creating a quaternary carbon α to O. The products may be readily hydrolyzed to yield multiply branched tertiary alcohols in a one-pot tandem reaction, effectively a polarity-reversed nucleophilic β-alkylation-electrophilic α-arylation of an enol equivalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Fournier
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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10
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Gessner VH, Koller SG, Strohmann C, Hogan AM, O'Shea DF. Mechanistic insight into stereoselective carbolithiation. Chemistry 2011; 17:2996-3004. [PMID: 21294193 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This article addresses the mechanistic features of asymmetric carbolithiation of β-methylstyrenes. While often the presence of functional groups is required to obtain high enantioselectivities in carbolithiation reactions, simple β-methylstyrene also gives high selectivities in (-)-sparteine-mediated addition of alkyl lithium compounds. Computational studies on the carbolithiation of β-methylstyrene with (-)-sparteine show that the observed selectivities are the result of repulsion effects in the diastereomeric transition states between the (-)-sparteine⋅alkyl lithium adduct and the β-methylstyrene, upon approximation of the two reactants. In contrast, for the ortho-amino β-methylstyrene (E)-benzyl(2-propenylphenyl)amine (4) X-ray structure analyses of intermediate lithium amides indicate a carbolithiation mechanism in which one side of the double bond is shielded by the amide moiety, leaving only one side free for approach of the chiral alkyl lithium adduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria H Gessner
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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11
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Saxena A, Lam HW. Enantioselective rhodium-catalyzed arylation of electron-deficient alkenylarenes. Chem Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1sc00521a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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12
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Cadierno V, Francos J, Gimeno J. Ruthenium/TFA-catalyzed regioselective C-3-alkylation of indoles with terminal alkynes in water: efficient and unprecedented access to 3-(1-methylalkyl)-1H-indoles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:4175-7. [PMID: 20428523 DOI: 10.1039/c002804e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented C-3-alkylation reaction of indoles with terminal alkynes in aqueous medium has been developed using catalytic amounts of ruthenium and trifluoroacetic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victorio Cadierno
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, IUQOEM, University of Oviedo, E-33006 Oviedo, Spain.
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13
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Tsuchida S, Kaneshige A, Ogata T, Baba H, Yamamoto Y, Tomioka K. Consecutive cyclization of allylaminoalkene by intramolecular aminolithiation-carbolithiation. Org Lett 2008; 10:3635-8. [PMID: 18642833 DOI: 10.1021/ol801397v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Consecutive cyclization of allylaminoalkenes by tandem aminolithiation-carbolithiation proceeded smoothly by using a lithium amide as a lithiating agent as well as protonating agent to give bicyclic amines, octahydroindolizine and hexahydro-1 H-pyrrolizine, in reasonably high yield and diastereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Tsuchida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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14
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Hogan AML, Tricotet T, Meek A, Khokhar SS, O’Shea DF. Applications of Enantioselective Carbolithiation of Ortho-Substituted β-Methylstyrenes. J Org Chem 2008; 73:6041-4. [DOI: 10.1021/jo800941h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie L. Hogan
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Thomas Tricotet
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Alastair Meek
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Shaista S. Khokhar
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Donal F. O’Shea
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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15
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Hogan AML, O’Shea DF. Synthetic applications of carbolithiation transformations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:3839-51. [DOI: 10.1039/b805595e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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